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<document id="C0D1C909018FF955A352EEB15AD3D9DA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4755.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="af76ca28-44a6-4c79-9919-6d501851f3a0" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735164" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4174E257-5C26-4317-A1C6-524A6F0C3885" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585682406641" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Prata, Jéssica, Manso, Cynthia Lara De Castro &amp; Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey" docDate="2020" docId="180D87ABCD2DB40603AAE75CFC57F2FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4755.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4755 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thyone crassidisca Miller &amp; Pawson 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="E434FFD3CD3FB414033DE47DFF8DF502" masterDocTitle="Dendrochirotida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern coast of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="453" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="419" updateTime="1698734020657" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B42354696A4F8C8FE2E0A207D1B4BDA1">Dendrochirotida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern coast of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D7DC78B9436267924E3C7DCC4DA1054">Prata, Jéssica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C28540BF587B51FA7B2BF380B99DEE9">Manso, Cynthia Lara De Castro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6B7DF334524FF10E61FADB7C49BBE5D">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DAB3817C029025CE6D3EFCFA7FE7E502">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="13AE12E973F7D076C4E11CA6EB267201">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2357668A2C27D5410A8F18677DE0296E">4755</mods:number>
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<treatment id="180D87ABCD2DB40603AAE75CFC57F2FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812054" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163418830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3812054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180D87ABCD2DB40603AAE75CFC57F2FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/180D87ABCD2DB40603AAE75CFC57F2FA" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603AAE75CFD29F639" box="[151,676,801,828]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603AAE75CFD29F639" blockId="18.[151,676,801,863]" box="[151,676,801,828]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<heading id="CB5381D1CD2DB40603AAE75CFD29F639" bold="true" box="[151,676,801,828]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB40603AAE75CFD29F639" ID-CoL="56RLQ" authority="Miller &amp; Pawson, 1981" authorityName="Miller &amp; Pawson" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,676,801,828]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassidisca">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603AAE75CFD29F639" bold="true" box="[151,676,801,828]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603AAE75CFEF3F63E" bold="true" box="[151,382,801,828]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone crassidisca</emphasis>
Miller &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40602C7E75CFD29F639" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E." box="[506,676,801,827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="391 - 403" refId="ref34469" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E. (1981) Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the genus Thyone, with description of two new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (2), 391 - 403." type="journal article" year="1981">Pawson, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603AAE738FEB0F65D" box="[151,317,837,863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="description">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603AAE738FEB0F65D" blockId="18.[151,676,801,863]" box="[151,317,837,863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
(
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB40603A2E738FEB8F65D" box="[159,309,837,863]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1845,1870]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113. A–B, supporting tables from tube feet; C, endplate; D–E, tables from body wall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735185" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3735185/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Figures 9–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603AAE7F4FCA8F6C2" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603AAE7F4FCA8F6C2" blockId="18.[151,1437,905,960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0B41193CD2DB40603AAE7F4FCA8F6C2" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD2DB40603AAE7F4FD08F6A3" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E." box="[151,645,905,930]" page="400" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB40603AAE7F4FD08F6A3" ID-CoL="56RLQ" authority="Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981: 400" authorityName="Pawson &amp; Miller" authorityPageNumber="400" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,645,905,930]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassidisca">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603AAE7F4FED6F6A3" box="[151,347,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone crassidisca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB406025CE7F7FD08F6A3" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E." box="[353,645,905,930]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="391 - 403" refId="ref34469" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E. (1981) Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the genus Thyone, with description of two new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (2), 391 - 403." type="journal article" year="1981">Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981: 400</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1, 2b, 4a–d;
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD2DB4060001E7F4FBC3F6A3" author="Miller, J. E. &amp; Pawson, D. L." box="[828,1102,905,930]" page="37" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB4060001E7F4FBC3F6A3" author="Miller, J. E. &amp; Pawson, D. L." box="[828,1102,905,930]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref33341" refString="Miller, J. E. &amp; Pawson, D. L. (1984) Holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises, 7 (1), 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1984">Miller &amp; Pawson 1984: 37</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 29–30;
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD2DB40607EEE7F7FE84F6C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208495" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30710A411621FFC5FF2A20D4ED6ED703" page="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40607EEE7F7FE84F6C2" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Pawson
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB4060614E7F7FAD1F6A3" box="[1321,1372,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 27–28
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 20;
<treatmentCitation id="110510ACCD2DB406025EE7DAFD4CF6C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5946482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5946482" author="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M." box="[355,705,935,960]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB8792895F762337BBFBD8FB583197" page="534" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB406025EE7DAFD4CF6C2" author="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M." box="[355,705,935,960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="533 - 542" refId="ref33072" refString="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M. (2018) New species of the genera Havelockia and Thyone (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and first record of T. crassidisca from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 4407 (4), 533 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4407.4.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Martins &amp; Tavares 2018: 534–535</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1–2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603AAE790FC74F12E" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603AAE790FC74F12E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603AAE790FE09F10A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1005,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD2DB40602B0E790FB6BF10A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296550" box="[397,1254,1005,1033]" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Paraiba State" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba State">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40602B0E790FD1BF10A" bold="true" box="[397,662,1005,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD2DB40602B0E790FDB9F10A" box="[397,564,1005,1032]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Paraíba State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD2DB4060179E790FD1CF10A" box="[580,657,1005,1032]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="86A2FD34CD2DB406019DE793FD7FF10B" box="[672,754,1006,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
701’02”S; 3447’55”W (
<collectionCode id="F6B5AE78CD2DB4060732E793FBD5F10A" box="[1039,1112,1006,1032]" collectionName="UFPB" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pjvz-tkai" name="Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">UFPB</collectionCode>
.ECH-2113);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD2DB40607CDE793FD8CF12E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296552" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Paraiba State" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba">
<specimenCount id="86A2FD34CD2DB40607CDE793FACEF10B" box="[1264,1347,1006,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 701’S; 3444’41”W (
<collectionCode id="F6B5AE78CD2DB4060216E06CFEF9F12E" box="[299,372,1041,1068]" collectionName="UFPB" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pjvz-tkai" name="Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">UFPB</collectionCode>
.ECH-2115);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="20CC3CE0CD2DB4060134E06FFC78F12E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594296549" box="[521,1013,1041,1069]" collectionCode="UFPB" country="Brazil" location="Paraiba State" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba">
<specimenCount id="86A2FD34CD2DB4060134E06FFDD4F12F" box="[521,601,1042,1069]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 701’S; 3445’W (
<collectionCode id="F6B5AE78CD2DB406001FE06FFCE1F12E" box="[802,876,1042,1068]" collectionName="UFPB" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pjvz-tkai" name="Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">UFPB</collectionCode>
.ECH-2021)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603FAE04BFC0FF152" box="[199,898,1077,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603FAE04BFC0FF152" blockId="18.[151,1437,1005,2041]" box="[199,898,1077,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603FAE04BFEEBF152" bold="true" box="[199,358,1077,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<typeStatus id="4F1F881FCD2DB40603FAE04BFE8FF152" box="[199,258,1078,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD2DB4060251E04BFE4DF152" box="[364,448,1078,1104]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD2DB40602F6E04BFDECF152" box="[459,609,1078,1104]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB406014DE04BFCFBF152" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E." box="[624,886,1078,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="391 - 403" refId="ref34469" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Miller, J. E. (1981) Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the genus Thyone, with description of two new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (2), 391 - 403." type="journal article" year="1981">Pawson &amp; Miller 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603FAE024FBCFF392" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="description">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603FAE024FBCFF392" blockId="18.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603FAE024FED4F176" bold="true" box="[199,345,1113,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Description.</emphasis>
Specimen UFPB.ECH-2113. Fusiform body, curved, tapered in the ends, reaching
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB40607C7E027FAC5F177" box="[1274,1352,1114,1141]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB40606B3E024FF4EF19B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in breadth in the middle of the body, posterior end slender (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB4060060E003FC3BF19A" box="[861,950,1150,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Skin thin, rough. Color whitish pink, with tentacles light brown, in alcohol whitish. Mouth and anus terminal, slightly upturned. Tentacles 10, bushy, two most ventral ones smaller. Introvert short. Tube feet arranged in double rows in the radii, present also in the interradii, covering the body; more abundant ventrally. Calcareous ring complex, tubular, with long posterior processes (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB4060652E097FF31F02A" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Radial plates narrow with long processes posteriorly, and anterior end pointed. Posterior processes tapered distally, divided into small pieces. Interradial plates narrow, elongated, pointed anteriorly. Interradial plate attached to radial up to about half the length of the posterior processes. Madreporite rounded, stone canal long. Polian vesicle single, narrow, cylindrical. Retractor muscles short, reaching 1/3 of the body, longitudinal muscles slender. Respiratory trees with elongated branches. Gonads in single tuft, tubules short, unbranched. Body wall ossicles include tables of four holes, oval disc and robust two-pillared spire ending in a blunt spine (
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB4060708E1BFFBF2F0DF" box="[1077,1151,1474,1501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 µm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB40607F3E1BFFABCF0DE" box="[1230,1329,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Figs. 9G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB4060600E1BFFAD5F0DE" box="[1341,1368,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1845,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113. A–B, supporting tables from tube feet; C, endplate; D–E, tables from body wall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735185/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">10</figureCitation>
D–E). Tube feet include numerous two-pillared supporting tables, with four central holes and one or more holes in the ends (
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB40603A2E277FF7AF327" box="[159,247,1546,1573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 µm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB4060274E277FE21F326" box="[329,428,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Figs. 9H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB4060284E277FE58F326" box="[441,469,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1845,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113. A–B, supporting tables from tube feet; C, endplate; D–E, tables from body wall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735185/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">10</figureCitation>
A–B), supporting plates (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB40601CCE277FCB3F326" box="[753,830,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
) and endplates (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB40600CBE277FBD3F326" box="[1014,1118,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1845,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113. A–B, supporting tables from tube feet; C, endplate; D–E, tables from body wall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735185/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). Introvert with two-pillared tables of oval disc (
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB4060245E253FE49F34B" box="[376,452,1582,1609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 µm</quantity>
long) with four central holes and numerous holes in each side (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB406079DE253FB76F34A" box="[1184,1275,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
), spire ending in one to four spines; and numerous rosettes (
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB40601A1E22FFD6AF36F" box="[668,743,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
long). Tentacles with elongated rods (
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB40607A4E22FFB69F36F" box="[1177,1252,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 µm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB406060AE22FFA02F36E" box="[1335,1423,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
), rosettes (
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB40603C1E20BFECBF393" box="[252,326,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB40602AAE20BFE67F392" box="[407,490,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
) and tables similar to those of the introvert (
<figureCitation id="089F2A38CD2DB40600E1E20BFBB8F392" box="[988,1077,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thyone crassidisca Pawson &amp; Miller, 1981, UFPB.ECH-2113.A, external view; B, calcareous ring; C, tables from tentacles; D, tables from introvert; E, perforated rods from tentacles; F, rosette from tentacles; G, base of table from body wall; H, supporting tables from tube feet; I, supporting plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735183/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603FAE2E4FC8CF3FE" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603FAE2E4FC8CF3FE" blockId="18.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603FAE2E4FD8BF3B6" bold="true" box="[199,518,1689,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
North Carolina, Florida, eastern Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB4060700E2E7FA95F3B6" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A." box="[1085,1304,1690,1717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Pawson
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40607A0E2E6FB42F3B6" box="[1181,1231,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="E8B3762DCD2DB4060665E2E7FA11F3B6" box="[1368,1436,1690,1716]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(from
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD2DB40603E3E2C3FEBFF3DA" box="[222,306,1726,1752]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="5260F85FCD2DB4060268E2C3FE47F3DB" box="[341,458,1726,1753]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
). This species was found between
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB4060074E2C0FC13F3DB" box="[841,926,1725,1753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="m" value="24.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="4.0">4–45 m</quantity>
deep (
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40600D5E2C3FB4CF3DA" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A." box="[1000,1217,1726,1753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Pawson
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB406077AE2C2FBF5F3DA" box="[1095,1144,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40607F1E2C3FF59F3FE" author="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M." pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="533 - 542" refId="ref33072" refString="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M. (2018) New species of the genera Havelockia and Thyone (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and first record of T. crassidisca from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 4407 (4), 533 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4407.4.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Martins &amp; Tavares 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Our material was found between
<quantity id="575C9B58CD2DB4060166E29FFD33F3FF" box="[603,702,1762,1789]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
deep.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603FAE37BFB9EF2B2" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603FAE37BFB9EF2B2" blockId="18.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603FAE37BFEB6F222" bold="true" box="[199,315,1798,1824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB4060278E37BFDADF222" authorityName="Pawson &amp; Miller" authorityYear="1981" box="[325,544,1798,1824]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassidisca">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB4060278E37BFDADF222" box="[325,544,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone crassidisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species known for the West Atlantic,
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB406078AE37BFEE8F246" authority="Deichmann, 1930" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudofusus">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB406078AE37BFA11F222" box="[1207,1436,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone pseudofusus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40603AAE357FEE8F246" author="Deichmann, E." box="[151,357,1834,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="42 - 276" refId="ref31159" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB406024EE357FC9EF246" authority="Madsen, 1941" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1941" box="[371,787,1834,1860]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="deichmannae">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB406024EE357FDE8F246" box="[371,613,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone deichmannae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB4060152E357FC9EF246" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[623,787,1834,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref32651" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1941) On Thyone wahrbergi n. sp., a new holothurian from the Skagerrak, with remarks on T. fusus (O. F. M.) and other related species. Goteborgs Kunglige Vetenskaps och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, Serie B, 1, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1941">Madsen, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB406001EE357FB15F246" authority="Tommasi, 1972" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1972" box="[803,1176,1834,1860]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pawsoni">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB406001EE357FC50F246" box="[803,989,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone pawsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40600DAE357FB15F246" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[999,1176,1834,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="15 - 67" refId="ref36531" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1972) Equinodermes da regiao entre o Amapa (Brasil) e a Florida (E. U. A.). II. Echinozoa. In: Boletim Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo. Vol. 21. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 15 - 67." type="book chapter" year="1972">Tommasi, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB40607EBE357FE17F26A" authority="Martins &amp; Souto, 2018" authorityName="Martins &amp; Souto" authorityYear="2018" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="waltinhoi">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40607EBE357FA11F246" box="[1238,1436,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone waltinhoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB40603AAE333FE17F26A" author="Martins, L. &amp; Souto, C." box="[151,410,1870,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref32948" refString="Martins, L. &amp; Souto, C. (2018) Taxonomic remarks on Havelockia and Thyone (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), with descriptions of two new species from the Brazilian coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 99, 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315418001078" type="journal article" year="2018">Martins &amp; Souto, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by the body wall tables spire ending in a single blunt point.
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB4060707E333FA9CF26A" authorityName="Pawson &amp; Miller" authorityYear="1981" box="[1082,1297,1870,1896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassidisca">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB4060707E333FA9CF26A" box="[1082,1297,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone crassidisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB40603AAE30FFDFCF28E" authority="Martins &amp; Tavares, 2018" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,625,1906,1933]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florianoi">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603AAE30FFEDEF28E" box="[151,339,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone florianoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB4060267E30FFDFCF28E" author="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M." box="[346,625,1906,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="533 - 542" refId="ref33072" refString="Martins, L. &amp; Tavares, M. (2018) New species of the genera Havelockia and Thyone (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and first record of T. crassidisca from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 4407 (4), 533 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4407.4.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Martins &amp; Tavares, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by oval shape of the introvert table disc, oval with handles and knobbed margin of the body wall table disc, and also by the calcareous ring morphology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8BE6536CD2DB40603FAE3C4FC57F2FA" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="901B36BDCD2DB40603FAE3C4FC57F2FA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603FAE3C4FE1CF2D6" bold="true" box="[199,401,1977,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
The specimens analyzed were found associated to rhodoliths. According to
<bibRefCitation id="F4354B4CCD2DB406063CE3C6FF6FF2FA" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref34670" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Pawson
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB406065FE3C6FA18F2D6" box="[1378,1429,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="57A44D3ECD2DB40603D4E3A3FE4DF2FA" authorityName="Pawson &amp; Miller" authorityYear="1981" box="[233,448,2014,2040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassidisca">
<emphasis id="A2D0EAAFCD2DB40603D4E3A3FE4DF2FA" box="[233,448,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Thyone crassidisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits quartz sand and crushed shell bottoms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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