335 lines
56 KiB
XML
335 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="4880A9F31466F6125BD4D333EEDB247D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282178" ID-ZooBank="4C9E1AC9-5203-48A9-9C4E-7C0F3209ADF1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1692952430987" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Courville, Erwan, Mooi, Rich, Poulin, Elie & Saucede, Thomas" docDate="2023" docId="03A00A155758B36DFF64DE3A3D2289E4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5336.4.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5336 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Arbacia ballenensis Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="560" masterDocId="FF99726D575BB36BFFF3D860393A8B29" masterDocTitle="Arbacia ballenensis sp. nov. (Echinoidea, Arbacioida): A new species reveals diversification of the genus in Central America" masterLastPageNumber="566" masterPageNumber="555" pageNumber="558" updateTime="1692952864355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FFA21664DFE785CBF4DD3BF11D5FABF8">Arbacia ballenensis sp. nov. (Echinoidea, Arbacioida): A new species reveals diversification of the genus in Central America</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="07A1D7F4DEB251871350CF0A75C70BC6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8FB81153C96335AF688FDC74748D63BD">Courville, Erwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="78DE937EC77AD52F4F1A62A16063D6DF">Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France & Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="F1CECFDAD82215CC1403A018EF99B147" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="61500ECBA341FBFC4B39011F0DA91CFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D25DE95F06B4A9B8119A6C40283C6BDC">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2441B621FCA977812C4F95CFD714EC51" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1533-8488</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="588FD0CE1FF615EDC18B6B5AB14F90F2">California Academy of Sciences, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, San Francisco, California, US rmooi @ calacademy. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1533 - 8488</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="997281D8DC55E73294FCABF026BE4D7B" type="email">rmooi@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="05436A00A473ACCDE488CDCA688FDEEC">Poulin, Elie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4E5567469AF5ADF8F14AE72EDEB65C34">Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AE6A33289F56773F2D816A8E6A2572D6">Saucede, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ABB25D5693B4256EFAF3C554AB2AC40F">Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DF4000DABB591D63E9E2FD4BDFE2BC3F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="32C32C2855AB731388D0E0D6C769C76D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FF69A4814E43F0BF491752BBBEB34253">
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<mods:date id="EA598D472A6710DA0FD2BE4BA88FD95C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E47F028FDBD7C8627A62643F0BFDF706">2023-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="766E5C7CE9C529EB685BA66E3B877988">5336</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1B4F7D9B4D222ED91C4A76CF32088756">555</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5DE02036019D7D087641517FB483BDEA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.6</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E0F2BD23CC6BC02A5254DE143EE06457">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="11A8770A2E3EA70FB3DA8E350509B14B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="187E897BA312CE9A5907B36D6DD1E2E3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FEFCB469581CEBCC35DCA6D730D07475" type="Zenodo-Dep">8282178</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="241F4E1E3FEB7467E14F1F41F6D35F74" type="ZooBank">4C9E1AC9-5203-48A9-9C4E-7C0F3209ADF1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A00A155758B36DFF64DE3A3D2289E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A00A155758B36DFF64DE3A3D2289E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A00A155758B36DFF64DE3A3D2289E4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
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<subSubSection id="C313E8885758B368FF64DE3A38EA8D5C" box="[151,464,1626,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB6BB035758B368FF64DE3A38EA8D5C" blockId="3.[151,464,1626,1689]" box="[151,464,1626,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
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<heading id="D0FE0C6F5758B368FF64DE3A38EA8D5C" bold="true" box="[151,464,1626,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97D67115758B368FF64DE3A38EA8D5C" bold="true" box="[151,464,1626,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
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<taxonomicName id="4C09C0805758B368FF64DE3A38BC8D5C" authority="Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede, 2023" authorityName="Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,390,1626,1653]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ballenensis" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="B97D67115758B368FF64DE3A38BC8D5C" bold="true" box="[151,390,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Arbacia ballenensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EDA6A5758B368FE7EDE3B38EA8D5C" box="[397,464,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C313E8885758B368FF64DE1F384C8DB0" box="[151,374,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB6BB035758B368FF64DE1F384C8DB0" blockId="3.[151,464,1626,1689]" box="[151,374,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
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||
<figureCitation id="1332A7865758B368FF64DE1F38258DB0" box="[151,287,1663,1689]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1469,1493]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1415,979,1445]" captionTargetId-0="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId-2="figure-373@7.[173,1415,979,1445]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Spines attributed to A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, CASG 59779; C, spine found inside the peristome of CASG 91189, specimen 08. A–B, scale bars equal 2 mm. C, scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282190" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8282190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Figures 2–4</figureCitation>
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, table 1
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C313E8885758B368FF64DEA03D388C0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB6BB035758B368FF64DEA03D388C0B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1728,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
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||
<emphasis id="B97D67115758B368FF64DEA038288DF3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1728,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C09C0805758B368FEEFDEA0384C8DF3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[284,374,1728,1754]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97D67115758B368FEEFDEA0384C8DF3" box="[284,374,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Arbacia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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with low, numerous interambulacral plates (N = 19 at TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E65758B368FBBFDEA03D998DF3" box="[1100,1187,1728,1754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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); up to five subequal tubercles in interambulacral plates at the ambitus (TD =
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||
<quantity id="4CF116E65758B368FCF9DE843A678DD7" box="[778,861,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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); inner interambulacral tubercles close to the adoral plate margin; naked interambulacral areas elevated above adjacent ambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C313E8885758B368FF34DF4C3BFA8CD3" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB6BB035758B368FF34DF4C3B2A8CA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1728,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
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<emphasis id="B97D67115758B368FF34DF4C38498C6F" bold="true" box="[199,371,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B61B15E5758B368FE84DF4C3B2A8CA6" collectionCode="CAS" country="United States of America" location="San Francisco" municipality="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" specimenCode="CASG 103360, CASG 91189" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54B205A15758B368FE84DF4C38E58C6F" box="[375,479,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen
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<specimenCode id="DBAF13785758B368FDA1DF4C3BC28C6F" box="[594,760,1836,1862]" collectionCode="CASG" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">CASG 103360</specimenCode>
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, housed in the Geology collections at the
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<collectionCode id="ED1823C65758B368FB4BDF4C3DCB8C6F" box="[1208,1265,1836,1862]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
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,
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<location id="8ED6EDD85758B368FB09DF4C3CA28C6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A00A155758B36DFF64DE3A3D2289E4:8ED6EDD85758B368FB09DF4C3CA28C6F" box="[1274,1432,1836,1862]" country="United States of America" municipality="The" name="San Francisco" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" stateProvince="California">San Francisco</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49CD75E15758B368FF64DF3038318C43" box="[151,267,1872,1898]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EFB935758B368FEE5DF3038768C43" box="[278,332,1872,1898]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1332A7865758B368FEA8DF3038D88C43" box="[347,482,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Figs. 2A–D</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD221795758B368FE07DF303B1A8C43" box="[500,544,1872,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">The</collectingMunicipality>
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||
remaining specimens in lot
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||
<specimenCode id="DBAF13785758B368FCA4DF303ACA8C43" box="[855,1008,1872,1898]" collectionCode="CASG" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">CASG 91189</specimenCode>
|
||
, which includes 49 complete or partial tests, are designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B205A15758B368FE6EDF153B368CA6" box="[413,524,1909,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB035758B368FF34DFF83BFA8CD3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1728,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D67115758B368FF34DFF838928C9B" bold="true" box="[199,424,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="558">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
Sixty-two complete tests lacking articulated spines ranging from
|
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<quantity id="4CF116E65758B368FB57DFF83C148C9A" box="[1188,1326,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 20 mm</quantity>
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TD, plus seven test fragments. In addition, there are several isolated spines in the poorly consolidated sandy sediments, some of which are also preserved within the peristome.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C313E888575FB36FFF34D8F739D68AF8" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34D8F738718BD0" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34D8F738748B98" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Etymology.</emphasis>
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||
The name is derived from the
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<typeStatus id="54B205A1575FB36FFD59D8F73BE08B98" box="[682,730,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">type</typeStatus>
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locality on Punta Ballena, as this species is so far known only from the Pliocene—Pleistocene of this point along Bahía San Rafael, close to San Francisquito (
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<collectingRegion id="49CD75E1575FB36FFB1FD8DB3CA78BFC" box="[1260,1437,187,213]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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Norte,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EFB93575FB36FFF16D8BF387A8BD0" box="[229,320,223,249]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">México</collectingCountry>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34D96238258A68" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
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||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34D962385D8A35" bold="true" box="[199,359,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Stratigraphy.</emphasis>
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Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Unnamed beds, middle part of the Punta Ballena fan (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98C6F2575FB36FFACCD96338298A68" author="Johnson, M. E. & Backus, D. H. & Ledesma-Vazquez, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref7750" refString="Johnson, M. E., Backus, D. H. & Ledesma-Vazquez, J. (2017) Growth of the Ballena fan delta on the Gulf of California (Mexico) at the close of the Pliocene Warm Period. Facies, 63, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 017 - 0495 - y" type="journal article" year="2017">
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||
Johnson
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||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF64D94739F58A68" box="[151,207,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34D92B39D68AF8" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34D92B38618A4C" bold="true" box="[199,347,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Taphonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens with complete tests (except for seven fragments), locally abundant in one specific layer, sometimes with attached balanomorph barnacles. It would appear from this, and the excellent condition of the surface details on the specimens that they were dead when buried, with little or no post-mortem transport (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF76EB8B575FB36FFF64DB973D778F1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" startId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" targetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF64DB973D778F1B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1015,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF64DB97382F8F26" bold="true" box="[151,277,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09C080575FB36FFEEEDB9738978F26" authority="Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede, 2023" authorityName="Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede" authorityYear="2023" box="[285,429,1015,1039]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ballenensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFEEEDB9738978F26" box="[285,429,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">A. ballenensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFE46DB973B788F26" bold="true" box="[437,578,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EDA6A575FB36FFE46DB973B328F26" box="[437,520,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–D
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype CASG 103360;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFCABDB973A508F26" bold="true" box="[856,874,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">A</emphasis>
|
||
, aboral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFBF2DB973D288F26" bold="true" box="[1025,1042,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">B</emphasis>
|
||
, oral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFB63DB973D988F26" bold="true" box="[1168,1186,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">C</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFACADB973C718F26" bold="true" box="[1337,1355,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">D</emphasis>
|
||
, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313E888575FB36DFF34DCE53D2289E4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34DCE53DC98FEA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1157,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34DCE538638FB6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1157,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test small, largest specimen barely reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575FB36FFC94DCE53A828F89" box="[871,952,1157,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFC0BDCE53D058FB6" box="[1016,1087,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), test relatively low (height to diameter ratio <0.5;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFE70DCC938E08FEA" box="[387,474,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), flattened orally, test outline circular in apical view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFBC3DCC93DAE8FEA" box="[1072,1172,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFB53DCC93DDC8FEA" box="[1184,1254,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34DCAD3BC48EB2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1157,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34DCAD38588FCE" box="[199,354,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Apical system</emphasis>
|
||
—Approximately one third test diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFCCADCAD3AA78FCE" box="[825,925,1229,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFC5ADCAD3D2B8FCE" box="[937,1041,1229,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), ratio of apical system diameter to TD decreasing with size from 35% TD (TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575FB36FFD51DC913BDE8E22" box="[674,740,1265,1291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to 29% TD (TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575FB36FFC36DC913D238E22" box="[965,1049,1265,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
), apical system dicyclic, all ocular plates always exsert (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFE77DD7538DD8E06" box="[388,487,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFE02DD753B4F8E06" box="[497,629,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3A, C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproct elongated in direction 1-IV. Gonopores usually large, slightly elongated, positioned close to adoral edge of genital plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFCB3DD593A9E8E7A" box="[832,932,1337,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFC42DD593D238E7A" box="[945,1049,1337,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3A, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonopores already developed in specimens between 8 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575FB36FFE37DD3D3B2C8E51" box="[452,534,1373,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFDA6DD3D3BDA8E5E" box="[597,736,1373,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocular plates with large granule (possibly a small tubercle) close to adoral margin. Genital plates free of tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34DDC638EB8D02" blockId="4.[151,1437,1157,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34DDC638038E96" box="[199,313,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Peristome</emphasis>
|
||
—Usually less than 50% of test diameter (mean ratio PD/TD = 46%;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFBB9DDC53D968E96" box="[1098,1196,1445,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFB4ADDC53DE68E96" box="[1209,1244,1445,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Buccal notches shallow. Tags short (length <width, spanning <1 tubercle). Perignathic girdle thin, auricles separate, not in contact over interior of perradial suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFDF5DD8D3B5A8D2E" box="[518,608,1517,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epistroma well-developed, forming homogeneous granulation on ocular and genital plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFE99DE7138FE8D02" box="[362,452,1553,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575FB36FFF34DE553B6C8C46" blockId="4.[151,1437,1157,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575FB36FFF34DE5538798D66" box="[199,323,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Ambulacra</emphasis>
|
||
—Wider than half width of interambulacra. At ambitus, each ambulacral plate with one small, imperforate, non-crenulate tubercle positioned adradially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFCDCDE393AAF8D5A" box="[815,917,1625,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFC50DE393AF98D5A" box="[931,963,1625,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacral plates small and numerous. Ambulacral tubercles same size as interambulacral tubercles at ambitus, slightly decreasing in size adapically (i.e. above ambitus). Tubercles small and well-developed aborally, forming two rows of tubercles on aboral surface, almost reaching apical system (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFDFDDEA53B428DF6" box="[526,632,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFD79DEA53BE28DF6" box="[650,728,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Presence of well-developed granules in between tubercles perradially. Ambulacral plates trigeminate, of arbaciid
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B205A1575FB36FFCE3DE8A3A7A8C2D" box="[784,832,1770,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFCA0DE893A958C2A" box="[851,943,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), forming more complex compound plates adorally, slightly widening to form short, narrow phyllodes. Pores rounded, spaced, strongly conjugate aborally with large, prominent ridge between pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFDBBDF513B988C62" box="[584,674,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). On oral side, one perradial sphaeridial pit (usually well preserved) near peristomial edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFE6BDF3538C08C46" box="[408,506,1877,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575FB36FFDF6DF353B738C46" box="[517,585,1877,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="559">3B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF76EB8B575EB36EFF64DF6A3C588C40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" startId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" targetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575EB36EFF64DF6A3C588C40" blockId="5.[151,1437,1802,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFF64DF6A382F8C0B" bold="true" box="[151,277,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09C080575EB36EFEEEDF6A38978C0B" authority="Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede, 2023" authorityName="Courville & Mooi & Poulin & Saucede" authorityYear="2023" box="[285,429,1802,1826]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Arbacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ballenensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFEEEDF6A38978C0B" box="[285,429,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">A. ballenensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFE45DF6A3B7B8C0B" bold="true" box="[438,577,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EDA6A575EB36EFE45DF6A3B328C0B" box="[438,520,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–B
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFC0CDF6A3D2B8C0B" bold="true" box="[1023,1041,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">A</emphasis>
|
||
, aboral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFB5BDF6A3D838C0B" bold="true" box="[1192,1209,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">B</emphasis>
|
||
, oral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFACBDF6A3C708C0B" bold="true" box="[1336,1354,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">C</emphasis>
|
||
, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFDF2DF4E3B298C6F" bold="true" box="[513,531,1838,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">D</emphasis>
|
||
, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFBDDDF4E3D618C6F" bold="true" box="[1070,1115,1838,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
, CASG 91189, specimen 04;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFA76DF4E3CAC8C6F" bold="true" box="[1413,1430,1838,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">E</emphasis>
|
||
, oral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFEF7DF3238298C43" bold="true" box="[260,275,1874,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">F</emphasis>
|
||
, apical system;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFE45DF3238F08C43" bold="true" box="[438,458,1874,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">G</emphasis>
|
||
, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575EB36EFF34DFDC3CA68CFE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1980,2042]" box="[199,1436,1980,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D6711575EB36EFF34DFDC384D8CFF" box="[199,375,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">Interambulacra</emphasis>
|
||
—Plates wider than their height at ambitus (height/width ratio <0.2), with up to five (TD =
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6BB03575EB36DFF64DF803D2289E4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1980,2042]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575EB36EFF64DF8039D48CD3" box="[151,238,2016,2042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="560" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
), small, imperforate, non-crenulate primary tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575EB36EFC99DF803AFD8CD3" box="[874,967,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="560">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly decreasing in diameter toward interradius, on adoral margin of plates. Maximum number of interambulacral tubercles at ambitus decreases to four (TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFF11D8DB380E8BFC" box="[226,308,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
), three (TD = 15–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFE08D8DA3B018BFC" box="[507,571,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and commonly only two in smallest specimens (TD = 10–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFB3DD8DB3C2B8BFC" box="[1230,1297,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Number of interambulacral plates usually between 17 and 18 (TD>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFCE2D8BF3A5E8BD0" box="[785,868,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
), decreasing in number slightly in small specimens to 12 or 13 plates in each interambulacrum (TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFD13D9633A1D8A34" box="[736,807,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Plates lowest above ambitus, height of plate constant on aboral surface (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFE71D94738FC8A68" box="[386,454,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFDE4D9473B508A68" box="[535,618,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFD85D9473BEA8A68" box="[630,720,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tubercles in outer row slightly reduced in size above ambitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFF6CD92B39C08A4C" box="[159,250,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Number of interambulacral tubercles reduced abruptly from five at ambitus to two or three plates above ambitus (TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFEB0D90F38AC8AA0" box="[323,406,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Inner tubercles slightly smaller than outer ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFC37D90F3D278AA0" box="[964,1053,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), abutting adoral margin of plates, close to outer row of primary tubercles. Second inner tubercle well developed along aboral surface, usually forming columns adapically to middle part of aboral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFCF1D9D73A538AF8" box="[770,873,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFC8BD9D73AFE8AF8" box="[888,964,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">3A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer row of tubercles same size from ambitus to apical system (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFE4FD9BB3B2D8ADC" box="[444,535,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional column of interambulacral tubercles between first column and pore area developed in largest specimen (TD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF116E6575DB36DFD84D99F3BF08930" box="[631,714,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFD25D99F3A148930" box="[726,814,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) but restricted to ambitus and lowermost part of aboral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFF05DA43386A8914" box="[246,336,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large tubercles surrounded by several tiny granules. Areoles of tubercles poorly developed above ambitus, barely larger than mamelon. Interambulacral naked area wide, extended adorally to ambitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFAF6DA273C528948" box="[1285,1384,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1436,525,992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–D, holotype CASG 103360; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, lateral view; D, details (magnified) of ambulacrum and interambulacrum on the aboral side. Scale bar equals 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFA80DA2739EB89AC" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">3A, C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epistroma consisting of conspicuous, randomly distributed punctation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFC0EDA0B3D6C89AC" box="[1021,1110,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). On aboral side, members of second perradial column of tubercles progressively reduced, conjoined adapically to form continuous ridge between adradial column of tubercles and perradial naked area of ambulacrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1332A786575DB36DFC42DAD33D3189E4" box="[945,1035,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[156,1432,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. ballenensis sp. nov. A–B, paratypes in CASG 91189, specimen 21; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, CASG 91189, specimen 20 in aboral view; D, paratype CASG 91189, specimen 24 in aboral view; E–F, CASG 91189, specimen 04; E, oral view; F, apical system; G, CASG 91189, specimen 03, perignathic girdle showing auricles. Scale bars equal 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="561">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |