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<mods:title id="70FB2FFE459B2A381DB60B55EA9FCD54">Review of the fish-parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from Australia, with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0383F87A037C1D2AFF77492C8CC8F8B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102754" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119615869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102754" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F87A037C1D2AFF77492C8CC8F8B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383F87A037C1D2AFF77492C8CC8F8B7" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF77492C8FC0FDCC" authority="Milne Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,746,548,574]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF77492C8FC0FDCC" bold="true" box="[151,746,548,574]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF77492C8CEFFDCC" bold="true" box="[151,453,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFE34492C8FC8FDCC" author="Milne" box="[468,738,548,574]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Comprenent l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Roret, Paris, 638 pp." type="book" year="1840">Milne Edwards, 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E42037C1D2AFF77496288B9FD72" box="[151,1427,618,640]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF7749628F8FFD72" ID-CoL="7NV7J" authority="Gaudichaudii Milne Edwards, 1840: 271" authorityName="Gaudichaudii Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,677,618,640]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF7749628CBAFD72" box="[151,400,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Cymothoa Gaudichaudii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFE7749628F8FFD72" author="Milne" box="[407,677,618,640]" page="271" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFE7749628F5FFD72" author="Milne" box="[407,629,618,640]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Comprenent l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Roret, Paris, 638 pp." type="book" year="1840">Milne Edwards, 1840</bibRefCitation>
: 271
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</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFD2349628E46FD72" author="Dana" box="[707,876,618,640]" page="203" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1852">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFD2349628E16FD72" author="Dana" box="[707,828,618,640]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Dana, J. D. (1852) On the classification of the Crustacea Choristopoda or Tetradecapoda. American Journal of Sciences and Arts, Series 2, 14, 297 - 316." type="journal article" year="1852">Dana, 1852</bibRefCitation>
: 203
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFC6A496289ABFD72" author="Cunningham" box="[906,1153,618,640]" page="499" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFC6A4962897BFD72" author="Cunningham" box="[906,1105,618,640]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Cunningham, R. O. (1871) Notes on the Reptiles, Amphibia, Fishes, Mollusca and Crustacea obtained during the voyage of H. M. S. ' Nassau' in the years 1866 - 69. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 27, 465 - 502. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 00219. x" type="journal article" year="1871">Cunningham, 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 499
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFB7F496288A4FD72" author="Gerstaecker" box="[1183,1422,618,640]" page="264" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFB7F49628871FD72" author="Gerstaecker" box="[1183,1371,618,640]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1901) Isopoda. In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen der Arthropoden wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Crustacea (Zweite Halfte: Malacostraca), Funfter Band. II., Abtheilung, 278 pp." type="book" year="1901">Gerstaecker, 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 264
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF7749818C67FD6D" blockId="35.[151,1436,618,855]" box="[151,333,649,671]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Uncertain identity</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF7749A08F98FD4C" blockId="35.[151,1436,618,855]" box="[151,690,680,702]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E42037C1D2AFF7749A08F98FD4C" box="[151,690,680,702]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF7749A08F2EFD4C" authority="Heller, 1865: 146" authorityName="Heller" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,516,680,702]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rapax">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF7749A08C61FD4C" box="[151,331,680,702]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa rapax</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFEB249A08F2EFD4C" author="Heller" box="[338,516,680,702]" page="146" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1865">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFEB249A08CF8FD4C" author="Heller" box="[338,466,680,702]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Heller, C. (1865) Crustaceen. Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band III (Abteilung), 2, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="1865">Heller, 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 146
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. XII (fig. 17).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF7749CE8DD9FD09" blockId="35.[151,1436,618,855]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF7749CE8C92FD2E" box="[151,440,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF7749CE8CB4FD2E" ID-CoL="7NSBN" authority="Gaudichaudii." authorityName="Gaudichaudii." box="[151,414,710,732]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceratothoa Gaudichaudii.</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883: 335–340, tab. XIII (Cym. XX) figs. 11–15, tab. XIV (Cym. XXI) figs. 1–5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF77480D8FC4FCCA" blockId="35.[151,1436,618,855]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E42037C1D2AFF77480D8FC4FCCA" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF77480D8CA2FCE8" box="[151,392,772,794]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Meinertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF77480D8CA2FCE8" box="[151,392,772,794]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Meinertia gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFE46480C8FB9FCE8" author="Richardson" box="[422,659,772,794]" page="237" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFE46480C8F4BFCE8" author="Richardson" box="[422,609,772,794]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Richardson, H. (1905) A monograph on the isopods of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 54, 1 - 727. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.54. i" type="journal article" year="1905">Richardson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 237
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 241–245.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFCA9480C891BFCE8" author="Van" box="[841,1073,772,794]" page="183" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFCA9480C8ED7FCE8" author="Van" box="[841,1021,772,794]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1924) Isopods from the Williams Galapagos Expedition. Zoologica, 5, 181 - 210." type="journal article" year="1924">Van Name, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 183
</treatmentCitation>
, 187, pl. IX (figs. 4–5).—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFAA8480C8C05FCCA" author="Schultz" page="157" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFAA8480C8DD7FCCA" author="Schultz" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Schultz, G. A. (1969) How to Know: The Marine Isopod Crustaceans. WM. C. Brown Company Publishers, Iowa, 359 pp." type="book" year="1969">Schultz, 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 157
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 236.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFE48482A8F5DFCCA" author="Trilles" box="[424,631,802,824]" page="1242" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFE48482A8F13FCCA" author="Trilles" box="[424,569,802,824]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Trilles, J. - P. (1973 b) Les Cymothoidae (Isopoda, Flabellifera) du Museum national d'histoire Naturelle de Paris. Etude critique accompagnee de precisions en particulier sur la repartition geographique et l'ecologie des differentes especes representees. I. Les Ceratothoinae Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3 e serie, Zoologie, 91, 1231 - 1268." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Trilles, 1973b</bibRefCitation>
: 1242
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. I (3–4).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF7748498E0DFCA5" blockId="35.[151,1436,618,855]" box="[151,807,833,855]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E42037C1D2AFF7748498E0DFCA5" box="[151,807,833,855]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF7748498CB0FCA5" ID-CoL="7NSBN" authority="Gaudichaudii." authorityName="Gaudichaudii." box="[151,410,833,855]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF7748498CBCFCA5" box="[151,406,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D037C1D2AFE55484A8F5BFCA5" author="Brusca" box="[437,625,833,855]" page="178" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFE55484A8F15FCA5" author="Brusca" box="[437,575,833,855]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Brusca, R. C. (1981) A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 117 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1981. tb 01592. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Brusca, 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 178
</treatmentCitation>
, 181, figs. 23–24.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF77488C8F00FC17" blockId="35.[151,1437,900,1861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF77488C8C87FC6F" bold="true" box="[151,429,900,925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFF77488C8DF6FC6F" box="[151,220,900,925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Types</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFEF6488C8C63FC6F" box="[278,329,900,925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
The female
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFDD7488D8FA4FC6F" box="[567,654,901,925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFD5C488C8EE3FC6F" box="[700,969,900,925]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFD5C488C8EE3FC6F" box="[700,969,900,925]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Cymothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in pieces whereas the male
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFAF9488D885AFC6F" box="[1305,1392,901,925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="4CD2E489037C1D2AFA9F488C8DECFC4D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
; MNHN-Is315) remains intact (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFDCE48AF8E0EFC32" author="Hadfield" box="[558,804,935,960]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 a) Review of the fish parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from South Africa, including the description of two new species. Zookeys, 400, 1 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 400.6878" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFD7948A18FE0FC32" box="[665,714,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">et al</emphasis>
. 2014a
</bibRefCitation>
). The material were collected from Coquimbo,
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC037C1D2AFADC48AF8852FC32" box="[1340,1400,935,960]" name="Chile" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Chile</collectingCountry>
by Gaudichaud from an unknown host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3301AE7037C1D2AFF2748E78CC8F8B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF2748E78E35FABE" blockId="35.[151,1437,900,1861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF2748E78C11FBFA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1007,1032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFEA348E78E45FBFA" authority="Milne Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[323,879,1007,1032]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFEA348E78F4AFBFA" box="[323,608,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFD8F48E78E4DFBFA" author="Milne" box="[623,871,1007,1032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Comprenent l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Roret, Paris, 638 pp." type="book" year="1840">Milne Edwards, 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described from Coquimbo,
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC037C1D2AFB0548E7880EFBFA" box="[1253,1316,1007,1032]" name="Chile" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Chile</collectingCountry>
, without a host identity. The species has subsequently been recorded in the East Pacific from southern
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC037C1D2AFB344F1C883BFBDF" box="[1236,1297,1044,1069]" name="Chile" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Chile</collectingCountry>
to northern California, including
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC037C1D2AFE6F4F3F8CCEFBA2" box="[399,484,1079,1104]" name="Mexico" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and the Galapagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFCD54F308EE0FBA2" author="Brusca" box="[821,970,1080,1104]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Brusca, R. C. (1981) A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 117 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1981. tb 01592. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Brusca 1981</bibRefCitation>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFBE94F3F8984FBA2" author="Hadfield" box="[1033,1198,1079,1104]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Hadfield, K. A. (2012) The biodiversity and systematics of marine fish parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae from southern Africa, In: Faculty of Science. Philosophiae Doctor. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, pp. 1 - 445." type="book chapter" year="2012">Hadfield 2012</bibRefCitation>
for full synonymy).
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF774F548C9BFB87" box="[151,433,1116,1141]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF774F548C9BFB87" box="[151,433,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has apparently low host specificity, with
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFC614F54891FFB86" author="Hadfield" box="[897,1077,1116,1141]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Hadfield, K. A. (2012) The biodiversity and systematics of marine fish parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae from southern Africa, In: Faculty of Science. Philosophiae Doctor. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, pp. 1 - 445." type="book chapter" year="2012">Hadfield (2012)</bibRefCitation>
listing 18 species. The majority of records are from carangids and scombrid hosts, including species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFBD24F77898EFB6A" box="[1074,1188,1151,1176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Trachurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFBD24F77898EFB6A" box="[1074,1188,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Trachurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The East Pacific is a region of low species diversity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFDF04FAC8F88FB4E" author="Briggs" box="[528,674,1188,1213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Briggs J. C. (1974) Marine Zoogeography. McGraw-Hill, New York, 475 pp." type="book" year="1974">Briggs 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFD514FAC8E6CFB4F" author="Ekman" box="[689,838,1188,1213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Ekman, S. (1967) Zoogeography of the sea. Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 417 pp." type="book" year="1967">Ekman 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFCB64FAD8966FB4E" author="Poore" box="[854,1100,1188,1212]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Poore, G. C. B &amp; Bruce, N. L. (2012) Global diversity of marine isopods (except Asellota and crustacean symbionts). Plos One, 7, 1 - 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / annotation / 3260 cd 00 - 89 cf- 4 e 08 - ab 25 - 07 e 0 be 598 ab 4" type="journal article" year="2012">Poore &amp; Bruce 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and this is reflected by the presence of only two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFE1E4FCF8F54FB12" box="[510,638,1223,1248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFE1E4FCF8F54FB12" box="[510,638,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the entire region, with
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFC404FC0897FFB12" box="[928,1109,1223,1248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFC404FC0897FFB12" box="[928,1109,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being the only species of the genus in the southern-hemisphere East Pacific.
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFD4F4FE48EE1FAF7" box="[687,971,1260,1285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFD4F4FE48EE1FAF7" box="[687,971,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a large species, mature females with a body length of
<quantity id="4CD2E489037C1D2AFEBD4E078CC8FAD5" box="[349,482,1295,1320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="27.0">27–56 mm</quantity>
, considerably larger than the only East Pacific congener,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFB594E078C5BFABE" authority="Richardson, 1904" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1904" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilberti">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFB594E0788B6FADA" box="[1209,1436,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gilberti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFF7E4E3C8C40FABE" author="Richardson" box="[158,362,1332,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Richardson, H. (1904) Contributions to the Natural History of the Isopoda. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 27, 1 - 89. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.27 - 1369.657" type="journal article" year="1904">Richardson, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which has a size range of
<quantity id="4CD2E489037C1D2AFD7E4E3C8E30FABE" box="[670,794,1332,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="16.0">16–29 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C037C1D2AFF274E508CC8F8B7" blockId="35.[151,1437,900,1861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
A series of specimens of a large species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFD214E5F8E6BFA82" box="[705,833,1367,1392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFD214E5F8E6BFA82" box="[705,833,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected from the Coquimbo fish market from
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF774E748C41FA67" box="[151,363,1404,1429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Trachurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="declivis">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF774E748C41FA67" box="[151,363,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Trachurus declivis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFE4C4E758CF6FA67" box="[428,476,1405,1429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
locality for
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFD944E758E07FA67" box="[628,813,1404,1429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFD944E758E07FA67" box="[628,813,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MTQ W34276, pls. 15–17). When examined, these specimens were found to be indistinguishable from Australian specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFBE84EA889B3FA4A" box="[1032,1177,1439,1464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFBE84EA889B3FA4A" box="[1032,1177,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pls. 12–14) and have here been identified as such (p. 22). This immediately raised the question as to whether or not
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFB054ECD88B6FA2F" box="[1253,1436,1476,1501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFB054ECD88B6FA2F" box="[1253,1436,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFD414EE08E1EF9F2" box="[673,820,1511,1536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFD414EE08E1EF9F2" box="[673,820,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species that exclusively uses the scombrid genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF774D048C23F9D7" box="[151,265,1548,1573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Trachurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF774D048C23F9D7" box="[151,265,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Trachurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as host.
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFE9C4D058F1CF9D7" box="[380,566,1548,1573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFE9C4D058F1CF9D7" box="[380,566,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded as using a wide range of hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFBB24D0489C3F9D6" author="Brusca" box="[1106,1257,1548,1572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Brusca, R. C. (1981) A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 117 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1981. tb 01592. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Brusca 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFB1A4D0488BDF9D7" author="Trilles" box="[1274,1431,1548,1573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Trilles, J. - P. (1973 b) Les Cymothoidae (Isopoda, Flabellifera) du Museum national d'histoire Naturelle de Paris. Etude critique accompagnee de precisions en particulier sur la repartition geographique et l'ecologie des differentes especes representees. I. Les Ceratothoinae Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3 e serie, Zoologie, 91, 1231 - 1268." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Trilles 1973b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFF774D278C14F9BA" author="Hadfield" box="[151,318,1583,1608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Hadfield, K. A. (2012) The biodiversity and systematics of marine fish parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae from southern Africa, In: Faculty of Science. Philosophiae Doctor. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, pp. 1 - 445." type="book chapter" year="2012">Hadfield 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the only remaining
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFD3D4D388E27F9BA" box="[733,781,1584,1608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
material for
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFC434D388973F9BA" box="[931,1113,1583,1608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFC434D388973F9BA" box="[931,1113,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a male
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFB314D388802F9BA" box="[1233,1320,1584,1608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFAD84D278DCAF99E" author="Hadfield" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 a) Review of the fish parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from South Africa, including the description of two new species. Zookeys, 400, 1 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 400.6878" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Hadfield 2014a</bibRefCitation>
), which is morphologically indistinguishable from males of similar species such as
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFB6D4D5D88B6F99F" box="[1165,1436,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFB6D4D5D8828F99F" box="[1165,1282,1620,1645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">C. banksii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFAED4D5D88B6F99F" box="[1293,1436,1620,1645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbricata">C. imbricata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFF274D708CB6F962" box="[199,412,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFF274D708CB2F962" box="[199,408,1655,1680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonocephala">C. trigonocephala</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Furthermore, we cannot be confident that the current records of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFB994D708805F962" box="[1145,1327,1655,1680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFB994D708805F962" box="[1145,1327,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are all of one species, and therefore we cannot be certain that the male
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE037C1D2AFCAB4D958E88F947" box="[843,930,1693,1717]" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFC294D958954F947" box="[969,1150,1692,1717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFC294D958954F947" box="[969,1150,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite its large size (
<quantity id="4CD2E489037C1D2AFA9F4D948DEDF92A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
), is the same as our
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFE4C4DC88F10F92A" box="[428,570,1727,1752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFE4C4DC88F10F92A" box="[428,570,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material from Coquimbo. A full revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFBD34DC889C2F92A" box="[1075,1256,1727,1752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFBD34DC889C2F92A" box="[1075,1256,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">C. gaudichaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and any and all other East Pacific species, confirming or rejecting all records and host identifications, is needed before the status of this species can be resolved. It is prudent at this stage, therefore, to place
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF037C1D2AFC294C0F8DE5F8B6" authority="Milne Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii">
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFC294C0F89C9F8D2" box="[969,1251,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">Ceratothoa gaudichaudii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D037C1D2AFB094C0F8DE5F8B6" author="Milne" pageId="35" pageNumber="286" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Comprenent l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Roret, Paris, 638 pp." type="book" year="1840">Milne Edwards, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
into
<emphasis id="B95E957E037C1D2AFEE84C258CC8F8B7" box="[264,482,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="286">species inquirenda.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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