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<document id="18EA4A3C74D775853BEC14E5D90A78DD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. &amp; Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FF8F120EF39889383665F2D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nyctimystes Stejneger 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6EB61A9E4D6EB3B53B2DAD9693A256F4">
<mods:title id="C39FB207EE93F70722E5682136961FC4">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="53029737372E5EE56F2AEF9491B6C940" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="54AE22273DD3094398CB422764AC4E54">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="231BAE66B1FCA49307A96298AA595A80" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="78C7E00FBD9BD9BBB11BE52944B7FDAD">Marion, Angela B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1535AE8BF03C54370E46B9150553760F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CC1DBEC12BDEE6CA4C7E54BA7513EADE">
<mods:roleTerm id="F2A9519FD7CE58C4A31AF826A14DDE90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C4E1D4C46A8C2F3B9AE2FF5CC670E5A3">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="46B071B8961788B8F1EAFE903A8FE6AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8EF23B570A42481F65A0E4B569FF69C9">
<mods:date id="0A08960F2B146D414182FA63DAB2A171">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EACBA8599B9187391E4B535E81C0DED6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A64DC22B5938128810FC95B2F72AE039">4104</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7AD3BD03092982233EFBC1102D77166B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A70C4893BA53BB319C0C1F68485AD85C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2604346A5ACA2A556DBC9F49171BE423">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DB0D1C21E23874F73E3F6E5EB5C835FA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B84B02EF6339916EB648B1198A09B241" type="GBIF-Dataset">9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="733F313519F896020FFDAEB2AEA8694F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C99CB4771C0CAAB5E13D45E7544815D0" type="Zenodo-Dep">265809</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EA87A5FF8F120EF39889383665F2D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458553" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5458553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87A5FF8F120EF39889383665F2D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A5FF8F120EF39889383665F2D6" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8F120FF398893832D4F7DE" box="[151,490,1126,1152]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF398893832D4F7DE" blockId="38.[151,490,1126,1152]" box="[151,490,1126,1152]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0B481DFFF8F120FF398893832D4F7DE" bold="true" box="[151,490,1126,1152]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF398893832D4F7DE" ID-CoL="65ZZ" authority="Stejneger, 1916" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,490,1126,1152]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF398893832D4F7DE" bold="true" box="[151,490,1126,1152]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF39889383218F7DE" bold="true" box="[151,294,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
Stejneger, 1916
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8F120FF39889F5372DF5EE" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF39889F5374BF79E" blockId="38.[151,1305,1194,1247]" box="[151,1141,1194,1216]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF39889F532E9F79E" authority="Stejneger, 1916:85" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,471,1194,1216]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF39889F5322EF79E" box="[151,272,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
Stejneger, 1916:85
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54F88811FF8F120FF2EF89F5312CF79E" box="[480,530,1195,1216]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF16089F530E0F79E" authority="Boulenger, 1897" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1897" box="[623,990,1194,1216]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Nyctimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF16089F53010F79E" box="[623,814,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimantis papua</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF39889973627F781" blockId="38.[151,1305,1194,1247]" box="[151,1305,1225,1247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF3988997327AF781" authority="Wells" authorityName="Wells" box="[151,324,1225,1247]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Sandyrana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3988997323BF781" box="[151,261,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sandyrana</emphasis>
Wells
</taxonomicName>
and Wellington. 1985:6.
<typeStatus id="54F88811FF8F120FF14B89943148F781" box="[580,630,1226,1247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF1DB89973720F781" authority="Gunther, 1867" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1867" box="[724,1054,1225,1247]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenata">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1DB899730BAF781" box="[724,900,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hyla infrafrenata</emphasis>
Günther, 1867
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF398885231BFF632" blockId="38.[151,1436,1292,2037]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF39888523228F67B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1292,1317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Definition.</emphasis>
Pupil vertically elliptical; palpebral membrane reticulated (
<figureCitation id="13782A36FF8F120FF0C688523720F67B" box="[969,1054,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,445,1810]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Litoria bicolor, KU 179765, AMAX Mining Camp, 300 m, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, Australia. W. E. Duellman. B. Litoria nasuta, KU 179853, AMAX Mining Camp, 300 m, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, Australia. W. E. Duellman. C. Nyctimystes papua, BPBM 16895, East slope Mt. Simpson, 1440 m, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. F. Kraus. D. Nyctimystes infrafrenatus, Daintree village area, Queensland, Australia. T. Charlton. E. Dryopsophus lesueurii, KU 179838, Kilcoy Creek, Queensland, Australia. W. E. Duellman. F. Dryopsophus longipes, KU 179923, AMAX Mining Camp, 300 m, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, Australia. W. E. Duellman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265828/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
C). Stream-adapted tadpoles with large, ventral oral discs having a LTRF of 2/3. Chromosome complement 2n = 26. See Remarks for different characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF253880B3144F632" box="[348,634,1364,1388]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenatus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF253880B3144F632" box="[348,634,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimystes infrafrenatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF3C88829372DF5EE" blockId="38.[151,1436,1292,2037]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3C888293210F6CE" bold="true" box="[199,302,1399,1424]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Content.</emphasis>
Thirty-eight species:
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF12A8827302EF6CE" authority="Zweifel" authorityName="Zweifel" box="[549,784,1399,1424]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avocalis">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF12A8827302EF6CE" box="[549,784,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimystes avocalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* Zweifel,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF084882930CEF6CE" box="[907,1008,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">bivocalis</emphasis>
* Kraus,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF7588829322DF6EA" authority="Tyler, Martin &amp; Watson" authorityName="Tyler, Martin &amp; Watson" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipalmatus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF758882937C8F6CE" box="[1111,1270,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">brevipalmatus</emphasis>
(Tyler, Martin &amp; Watson)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457DAFF8F120FF21288C332DBF6EB" box="[285,485,1436,1461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF2FC88C23157F6EB" ID-CoL="3P3MZ" authority="Menzies" authorityName="Menzies" box="[499,617,1436,1461]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2FC88C23157F6EB" box="[499,617,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">calcaratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* Menzies,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF1FE88C23093F6EB" authority="Tyler" authorityName="Tyler" box="[753,941,1436,1461]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1FE88C23059F6EB" box="[753,871,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">cheesmani</emphasis>
Tyler
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF0B388C23767F6EB" box="[956,1113,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">cryptochrysos</emphasis>
* Kraus,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF7CA88C2361BF6EB" box="[1221,1317,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">daymani</emphasis>
* Zweifel,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF39888E133C1F686" box="[151,255,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">disruptus</emphasis>
* Tyler,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF26C88E13140F686" authority="Richards &amp; Oliver" authorityName="Richards &amp; Oliver" box="[355,638,1471,1496]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dux" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF26C88E132B2F686" box="[355,396,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">dux</emphasis>
(Richards &amp; Oliver)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457DAFF8F120FF187889E306FF686" box="[648,849,1471,1496]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF050889F30F1F686" box="[863,975,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">eucavatus</emphasis>
* Menzies,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF75788E137FCF686" box="[1112,1218,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fluviatilis</emphasis>
* Zweifel,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF64C88E133EAF6A3" authority="Tyler" authorityName="Tyler" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foricula">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF64C88E136A2F686" box="[1347,1436,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">foricula</emphasis>
Tyler
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3EC88BB3219F6A2" box="[227,295,1509,1532]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">granti</emphasis>
* (Boulenger),
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2D588BA3117F6A3" box="[474,553,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">gularis</emphasis>
* Parker,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF19288BA309CF6A3" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[669,930,1508,1533]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF19288BA3033F6A3" box="[669,781,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">humeralis</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF0BD88BA3781F6A3" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[946,1215,1508,1533]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenatus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF0BD88BA377DF6A2" box="[946,1091,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">infrafrenatus</emphasis>
(Günther)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457DAFF8F120FF7C088BB36A6F6A3" box="[1231,1432,1508,1533]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3988B593213F57E" box="[151,301,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">intercastellus</emphasis>
* Kraus,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF29C8B593103F57E" authority="Zweifel" authorityName="Zweifel" box="[403,573,1543,1568]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubori">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF29C8B5932E2F57E" box="[403,476,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">kubori</emphasis>
Zweifel
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1478B5931ADF57E" box="[584,659,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">kuduki</emphasis>
* Richards,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF0168B59304EF57E" box="[793,880,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">latratus</emphasis>
* Menzies,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF0FD8B573761F57E" box="[1010,1119,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">montanus</emphasis>
* (Peters &amp; Doria),
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF6328B5936B0F57E" box="[1341,1422,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">myolae</emphasis>
* Menzies,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF20A8B7332E9F51B" authority="Zweifel" authorityName="Zweifel" box="[261,471,1580,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinosus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF20A8B73324AF51A" box="[261,372,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">narinosus</emphasis>
Zweifel
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2EB8B723170F51B" box="[484,590,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">obsoletus</emphasis>
* (Lönnberg),
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1FC8B73306CF51A" box="[755,850,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ocreptus</emphasis>
* Menzies,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF0D68B73378CF51B" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[985,1202,1580,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Nyctimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF0D68B733721F51A" box="[985,1055,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">papua</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF7B08B733619F51A" box="[1215,1319,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">perimetri</emphasis>
* Zweifel,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3988B11323BF536" box="[151,261,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">persimilis</emphasis>
* Zweifel,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF29A8B1131A6F536" authority="Wandolleck" authorityName="Wandolleck" box="[405,664,1615,1640]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF29A8B1132D4F536" box="[405,490,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">pulcher</emphasis>
(Wandolleck)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1A18B113072F536" box="[686,844,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">purpureolatus</emphasis>
* (Oliver, Richards, Tjaturadi &amp; Iskander) new combination,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2358B2A32A1F5D3" box="[314,415,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">rueppelli</emphasis>
* (Boettger),
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1488B2A31D8F5D3" box="[583,742,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">sanguinolenta</emphasis>
* (Van Kampen)
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457DAFF8F120FF0CE8B2B37B1F5D3" box="[961,1167,1652,1677]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF7AC8B2A36A6F5D3" authority="Parker" authorityName="Parker" box="[1187,1432,1652,1677]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF7AC8B2A3603F5D3" box="[1187,1341,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">semipalmatus</emphasis>
Parker
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3988BC93215F5EE" box="[151,299,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">trachydermis</emphasis>
* Zweifel,
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2AB8BC732C5F5EE" box="[420,507,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">traunae</emphasis>
* Menzies,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF1728BC93186F5EE" authority="Zweifel" authorityName="Zweifel" box="[637,696,1687,1712]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyleri">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1728BC93186F5EE" box="[637,696,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">tyleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* Zweifel, and
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF06D8BC9372EF5EE" authority="Tyler" authorityName="Tyler" box="[866,1040,1687,1712]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF06D8BC93089F5EE" box="[866,951,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">zweifeli</emphasis>
(Tyler)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8F120FF3C88BE233DFF5A6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF3C88BE233DFF5A6" blockId="38.[151,1436,1292,2037]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3C88BE2325EF58B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1724,1749]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
New
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8F120FF2A78BE232C7F58B" box="[424,505,1724,1749]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Guinea</collectingCountry>
and associated islands; eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8F120FF0658BE230EFF58B" box="[874,977,1724,1749]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Australia</collectingCountry>
from the York Peninsula to New South
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8F120FF3988B8133E3F5A6" box="[151,221,1759,1784]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Wales</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8F120FF3C88A5A372AF41E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF3C88A5A372AF41E" blockId="38.[151,1436,1292,2037]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3C88A5A3270F443" bold="true" box="[199,334,1796,1821]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is derived from the Greek
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF05C8A5A3099F443" box="[851,935,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">nycktos</emphasis>
meaning night and the Greek
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF60F8A5B360DF442" box="[1280,1331,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">myst</emphasis>
meaning mystic; the name alludes to the mysteries of the night. The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8F120FF3C88A123677F4AB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8F120FF3C88A123677F4AB" blockId="38.[151,1436,1292,2037]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF3C88A123205F43B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1868,1893]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
Frogs of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF1118A13319AF43A" box="[542,676,1869,1892]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1118A13319AF43A" box="[542,676,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been treated thoroughly by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8F120FF72D8A1237F0F43B" author="Zweifel" box="[1058,1230,1868,1893]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Zweifel, R. G. (1958) Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 78. Frogs of the Papuan hylid genus Nyctimystes. American Museum Novitates, 1896, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1958">Zweifel (1958)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8F120FF7D48A1233DDF4D6" author="Tyler" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Tyler, M. J. &amp; Davies, M. (1979) Redefinition and evolutionary origin of the Australopapuan hylid frog genus Nyctimystes Stejneger. Australian Journal of Zoology, 27, 755 - 772. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9790755" type="journal article" year="1979">Tyler and Davies (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8F120FF22E8A3132EBF4D6" author="Menzies" box="[289,469,1903,1928]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Menzies, J. (2006) The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria, x + 345 pp." type="book" year="2006">Menzies (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, but the recognition of the genus has been controversial. In our analysis that includes only about one third of the species of
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF1328ACB31F4F4F2" box="[573,714,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF1328ACB31F8F4F2" box="[573,710,1941,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimystes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
all but three species are in a tight cluster with a support value of 100%. The immediate sister species of that clade is
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF00B8AE730EEF48F" box="[772,976,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF00B8AE730F2F48F" box="[772,972,1976,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipalmatus">N. brevipalmatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
a species widely distributed in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8F120FF3988A82323FF4AB" box="[151,257,2012,2037]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF2038A8332FFF4AB" box="[268,449,2012,2037]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2038A8332FFF4AB" box="[268,449,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nyctimystes dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8F120FF2F88A833197F4AA" box="[503,681,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenatus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8F120FF2F88A833197F4AA" box="[503,681,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">N. infrafrenatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13782A36FF8F120FF1B78A823036F4AB" box="[696,776,2012,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,445,1810]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Litoria bicolor, KU 179765, AMAX Mining Camp, 300 m, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, Australia. W. E. Duellman. B. Litoria nasuta, KU 179853, AMAX Mining Camp, 300 m, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, Australia. W. E. Duellman. C. Nyctimystes papua, BPBM 16895, East slope Mt. Simpson, 1440 m, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. F. Kraus. D. Nyctimystes infrafrenatus, Daintree village area, Queensland, Australia. T. Charlton. E. Dryopsophus lesueurii, KU 179838, Kilcoy Creek, Queensland, Australia. W. E. Duellman. F. Dryopsophus longipes, KU 179923, AMAX Mining Camp, 300 m, Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia, Australia. W. E. Duellman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265828/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
D) form an outlying branch to the rest of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8E120EF3C88DC63665F2D6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8E120EF3C88DC63665F2D6" blockId="39.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
“
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF3DC8DC932A4F3EE" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[211,410,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenata">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8E120EF3DC8DC932A4F3EE" box="[211,410,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hyla infrafrenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” Günther is a highly enigmatic species. Molecular data (99% bootstrap support) clearly place it in
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8E120EF2018DE332A4F38A" box="[270,410,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF2018DE332A8F38A" box="[270,406,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimystes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
whereas morphologically it is like
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF0268DE33049F38A" box="[809,887,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8E120EF0268DE33049F38A" box="[809,887,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Litoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a horizontal pupil and no reticulations on the palpebral membrane (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8E120EF2D08D81315EF3A6" author="Tyler" box="[479,608,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Tyler, M. J. (1968) Papuan hylid frogs of the genus Hyla. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Rijksmusem van Natuurlijke Historie, 96, 1 - 203, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, unlike species of
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8E120EF0D58DBF3759F3A6" box="[986,1127,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF0D58DBF375DF3A6" box="[986,1123,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimystes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it breeds in ponds and has pigmented eggs that hatch into tadpoles with small anteroventral mouths (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8E120EF7008C5A379CF242" author="Anstis" box="[1039,1186,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Anstis, M. (2013) Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia. New Holland Press, London, 829 pp." type="book" year="2013">Anstis 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Last, it is the only pelodryadid known to have a chromosome complement of 2n = 24 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8E120EF0B38C7937E6F21E" author="Menzies" box="[956,1240,295,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Menzies, J. I. &amp; Tippet, J. (1976) Chromosome numbers of Papuan hylid frogs and the karyotype of Litoria infrafrenata (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Journal of Herpetology, 10, 167 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1562977" type="journal article" year="1976">Menzies &amp; Tippet 1976</bibRefCitation>
). The taxonomic position of this species awaits more data and further interpretation to determine if it belongs in
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8E120EF6488C13321DF2D6" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF6488C1336A6F23A" box="[1351,1432,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Litoria</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF3988C2F321EF2D6" box="[151,288,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimystes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
or in its own genus; if the latter, the generic name
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8E120EF0538C313725F2D6" authority="Wells" authorityName="Wells" box="[860,1051,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Sandyrana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8E120EF0538C3130EBF2D6" box="[860,981,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sandyrana</emphasis>
Wells
</taxonomicName>
and Wellington is available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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