523 lines
67 KiB
XML
523 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="C29D638036A5648F0D3BBDE8765CEE86" ID-CLB-Dataset="8420" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4858.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73b191ac-03d4-4467-915e-6c275b1d39d9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411773" ID-ZooBank="82613E60-CEEB-4BCB-8536-007CD888606E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609611072917" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mahony, Michael, Moses, Bede, Mahony, Stephen V., Lemckert, Frank L. & Donnellan, Stephen" docDate="2020" docId="039C87F4F55AE523B4CB8E6EFB03DDCE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4858.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4858 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litoria watsoni Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="223" masterDocId="FFA5FF8CF548E535B45C8F25FF92DE07" masterDocTitle="A new species of frog in the Litoria ewingii species group (Anura: Pelodryadidae) from south-eastern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="230" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="219" updateTime="1698851519050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="B2CCAE9798C4E434AAD2E2987BA31423" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="60D98E83573B3E812BA2502DF3151F4A">
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<mods:title id="98BB3C3F85F5BEB48C1BD9C5D230DBFE">A new species of frog in the Litoria ewingii species group (Anura: Pelodryadidae) from south-eastern Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="188909CD3BD523AFAED82759D3A29846" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5F268A73E1BC6B1AAAA02A6F730C074F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="05F36567F52A52741752205783F8F9A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE1511BC42FCDF8C40E04AECD8408349">Mahony, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="51231091D837225322C202D9F760CC9D">School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="B43018BA07ED09FC319548ECDD64B736" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D3930D74EE9797CE43C985F71575B42B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1CE287D0CC83F23B5D85BB304941A586">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B40030F66A2DDAFBBF2FFF388BA968BB">Moses, Bede</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8F2D29617A9CD35A594AC61B3A84B46B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1736-0075</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED7E3FB19923C9EAB3801CF9505E47E2">School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, Australia. & bedemoses @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1736 - 0075</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA31C7C01110854A6815B431647E06ED" type="email">bedemoses@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F6B6790F173D1FC090254D386499811E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FE61618C3982E9A4C0F2B1CBA1432891">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F2A5AED12D2B7F555F7308AFDC564554">Mahony, Stephen V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="71ECDD18F13242669323C2EF9D06B8C8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2379-0952</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB954C011C3556097145098C402B249F">Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney 2010, Australia. & Stephen. mahony 93 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2379 - 0952</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C35CEAA0A3198DF098CD0143F7B2CC7E" type="email">tephen.mahony93@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FD3D6A4AA43A2FDA90C2EEB082BCE421" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8F447C9435FF4CAA66CAEA28EF587A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="248CD36FAC93E56C11111178AA6BF51B">Lemckert, Frank L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB243C780E58310E69D0D29FBAAF3939">Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney 2010, Australia. & Current address: Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd, PO Box 12, Sutherland, 2232, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="7CECAF4181CF6E458D897BBE68CCECAA" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5470EAACBB309AAAC88063732EB2BAF8">Donnellan, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="00A19DF56D39300FE647C2121C161630">South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9685747B7E33B33587E4A38229B1091">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A9BFCB48CC3E2805F60B6C586B356EFA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9DD997B38CA1383732862B81589E93F3">
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<mods:date id="F6A7212FF8E150EF571C552F20D093B6">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22C7281F5973725F67A84901509DA183">2020-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="68726D10AF480F64AACEFDBA04636555">4858</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9ECC04B71E139FA31D98FC0A4AAEEF20" type="CLB-Dataset">8420</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C8CB38C8C3A07610D8E344D6A2B6F941" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4858.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64E1CB063BBFCF9712343085407CDE50" type="GBIF-Dataset">73b191ac-03d4-4467-915e-6c275b1d39d9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="35F8CFE07F8FE1DDC7AA8870780C6E95" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C9D9051FBEDCD8F2B0631820169EFE83" type="Zenodo-Dep">4411773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84D654C5C70A480203D1576C33CB85CA" type="ZooBank">82613E60-CEEB-4BCB-8536-007CD888606E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039C87F4F55AE523B4CB8E6EFB03DDCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177217029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4509986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87F4F55AE523B4CB8E6EFB03DDCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87F4F55AE523B4CB8E6EFB03DDCE" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<subSubSection id="C32F6569F55AE527B4CB8E6EFE21DF62" box="[151,435,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B4CB8E6EFE21DF62" blockId="18.[151,435,331,357]" box="[151,435,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<heading id="D0C2818EF55AE527B4CB8E6EFE21DF62" bold="true" box="[151,435,331,357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B4CB8E6EFE21DF62" bold="true" box="[151,435,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55AE527B4CB8E6EFEDDDF62" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,335,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B4CB8E6EFEDDDF62" bold="true" box="[151,335,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Litoria watsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55AE527B50A8E6EFE21DF62" box="[342,435,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6569F55AE527B4CB8EB6FD05DFD6" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B4CB8EB6FD05DFD6" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CBFF55AE527B4CB8EB6FD05DFD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031274301" collectingDate="2016-09-06" collectionCode="R" county="An" latitude="-35.02062" location="Stephen Mahony" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="150.4962" municipality="Parma Creek" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" specimenCode="R186898" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B4CB8EB6FE99DFAA" bold="true" box="[151,267,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<typeStatus id="548E8840F55AE527B4CB8EB6FE94DFAA" box="[151,262,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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AMS
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<specimenCode id="DB939E99F55AE527B5088EB6FE2DDFAA" box="[340,447,403,429]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">R186898</specimenCode>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="62EB4E6EF55AE527B59B8EB6FE7BDFAA" box="[455,489,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">An</collectingCounty>
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adult male collected from
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEAC98F55AE527B74A8EB6FC38DFAA" box="[790,938,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Parma Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55AE527B7E98EB6FBEEDFAA" box="[949,1148,403,429]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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(-
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35.02062
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<superScript id="7C409BAAF55AE527B0A38EB6FA95DFA6" attach="left" box="[1279,1287,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">o</superScript>
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S
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE015025F55AE527B1778EB7FF3BDFD6" degrees="150.4962" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="150.4962">
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150.4962
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<superScript id="7C409BAAF55AE527B1C88EB6FA0EDFA6" attach="none" box="[1428,1436,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">o</superScript>
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E
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</geoCoordinate>
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) by
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<location id="8EEA6039F55AE527B4808E92FE08DFD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87F4F55AE523B4CB8E6EFB03DDCE:8EEA6039F55AE527B4808E92FE08DFD6" box="[220,410,439,465]" county="An" latitude="-35.02062" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="150.4962" municipality="Parma Creek" name="Stephen Mahony" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" stateProvince="New South Wales">Stephen Mahony</location>
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||
on
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||
<date id="FF8B1022F55AE527B5988E92FD06DFD6" box="[452,660,439,465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" value="2016-09-06">
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<collectingDate id="EFCFE9CAF55AE527B5988E92FD06DFD6" box="[452,660,439,465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" value="2016-09-06">6 September 2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32F6569F55AE527B49B8EFFFEF1D8BA" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8EFFFEC3DC1E" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B8EFFFDBDDFF3" bold="true" box="[199,559,474,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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Dimensions of
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<typeStatus id="548E8840F55AE527B5258EFEFE72DFF2" box="[377,480,475,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(mm).
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</emphasis>
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SVL, 50.2; HL 14.0; HW, 17.8; EN, 4.5; IN, 4.1; EYE, 5.2; TYM, 3.0; TBL, 27.1; TAL, 16.7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8D07FB1EDCAE" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B8D07FD81DC3A" bold="true" box="[199,531,546,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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Description of the
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||
<typeStatus id="548E8840F55AE527B5FA8D06FD9DDC3A" box="[422,527,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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||
The body form, colour and pattern of the
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<typeStatus id="548E8840F55AE527B7AE8D06FBC6DC3A" box="[1010,1108,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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are illustrated with an in life image in
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<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55AE527B4A38D62FECADC66" box="[255,344,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1379,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[168,1420,181,1355]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Images in life of Litoria littlejohni A–C) unvouchered males Sawmill Pond, Watagan Mountains, NSW; and Litoria watsoni sp. nov., D) holotype, adult male (AMS R186898) Parma Creek Nature Reserve, NSW, E) adult male Parma Creek Nature Reserve, NSW, F) adult male Gerringong Falls, Budderoo Plateau, NSW." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411791/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
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. Head longer than wide (HL/HW = 0.79); head widest at eyes; snout rounded in lateral and dorsal profiles. Nostrils prominent in dorsal profile. Single row of vomerine teeth running laterally anterior to choanae. The tympanum is circular and visible, diameter equal to eye diameter (TYM/EYE = 0.58).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8D96FEE3DD5A" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Prominent terminal discs on all toes and fingers, no webbing between fingers, and toes with basal webbing. Finger length 3>4>2>1; toe length 4>5=3>2>1. Sub-articular tubercules present under fingers and toes but not prominent. Inner metatarsal tubercule present and prominent, approximately one third of the length of first toe. Nuptial pad dark brown, oval, on dorsal surface only of the proximal half of the first digit. Legs relatively long (TBL/SVL = 0.54).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8C42FA93DDA2" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Skin texture of back weakly granular, becoming more granular laterally and on the venter and thighs. Ventral surface granular. Upper surfaces of legs and arms and lower surfaces of lower legs and arms smooth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8C8BFC95DA32" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B8C8BFEADDDCF" bold="true" box="[199,319,942,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Variation.</emphasis>
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Summary of variation in morphometric measurements for each sex is presented in
|
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<tableCitation id="C6B70359F55AE527B14F8C8AFAFBDDCE" box="[1299,1385,943,969]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1511,1535]" captionText="TABLE 3. Diagnostic nucleotide sites in mitochondrial ND4 sequence for species in the Litoria ewingii group. Apomorphic states are indicated in bold." pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
and appearance in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55AE527B5618CF6FE11DDEA" box="[317,387,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1379,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[168,1420,181,1355]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Images in life of Litoria littlejohni A–C) unvouchered males Sawmill Pond, Watagan Mountains, NSW; and Litoria watsoni sp. nov., D) holotype, adult male (AMS R186898) Parma Creek Nature Reserve, NSW, E) adult male Parma Creek Nature Reserve, NSW, F) adult male Gerringong Falls, Budderoo Plateau, NSW." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411791/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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. Male SVL
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||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B64C8CF7FD19DDEA" box="[528,651,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="50.5" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="42.0">42–59 mm</quantity>
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female SVL
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||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B77A8CF7FC37DDEA" box="[806,933,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="57.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="50.0">50–64 mm</quantity>
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; head length relative to head width variable (HL/HW range 0.66–0.97). The tympanum diameter is variable in size relative to eye length (TYM/EYE range 0.44–0.72). Legs relatively long (TBL/SVL 0.44–0.59).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8B1BFB18DB36" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B8B1BFECDDA5F" bold="true" box="[199,351,1086,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Color in life.</emphasis>
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Dorsal surfaces of body and limbs light brown mottled with dark and lighter flecking of brown and yellow. The side of the face and extending back beneath the tympanum to the axil is a lighter shade of the dorsal colouring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55AE527B54E8BA2FEC5DAA6" box="[274,343,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1428,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[151,1435,181,1405]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Images of Litoria watsoni sp. nov. in life from the Parma Creek Nature Reserve and Budderoo Plateau, NSW. A) ventral view showing colour under legs and in axilla, B) back of thigh, C) plantar view of foot, D) palmar view of hand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411793/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colour on back of upper and lower leg and onto the foot, groin and posterior flanks, and on the upper axil of the forelimb is an immaculate reddish-orange wash (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55AE527B72D8B8EFC27DAC2" box="[881,949,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1428,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[151,1435,181,1405]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Images of Litoria watsoni sp. nov. in life from the Parma Creek Nature Reserve and Budderoo Plateau, NSW. A) ventral view showing colour under legs and in axilla, B) back of thigh, C) plantar view of foot, D) palmar view of hand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411793/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). A darker brown to black line extends from the external nostril along the canthus rostralis to the eye, continuing less intensely behind the eye over the tympanum and then onto the flank where it gradually dissipates. Ventral surface white, with the exception of the upper legs which have an orange wash. The gular region has a yellowish wash. Iris is yellowish gold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8A1FFEF1D8BA" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B8A1FFE3FDB52" bold="true" box="[199,429,1338,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
This description of the call is based on eleven individuals from four locations (Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B70359F55AE527B4958A7AFEBEDB7E" box="[201,300,1375,1401]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,460,486]" captionTargetBox="[165,1933,537,1689]" captionText="TABLE 1. Specimens examined genetically. Localities are in New South Wales unless indicated otherwise. M—ND2 mtDNA, R—SNPs, H-NRC—Hawkesbury-Nepean River Catchment, SCA—State Conservation Area." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A666AF54BE536B4CB8EE9FDE3DC0D" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" tableUuid="DF4A666AF54BE536B4CB8EE9FDE3DC0D">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B70359F55AE527B5648A7AFE1EDB7D" box="[312,396,1375,1402]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,239,994,1018]" captionText="TABLE 6. Advertisement call parameters, mean+SD, ranges and statistical comparisons for L. littlejohni and L. watsoni sp. nov. Data from four populations and eleven individuals were analysed from each of the two species. Statistical comparisons of pulse repetition rate (ANCOVA) with temperature as a covariate, and ANOVA for the remaining call parameters are included." pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). The call is a series of moderately strident notes sounding like “wriiik..wriiik..wriik…wriik” which increase in volume to the last note, and is placed in the “pulse repetition sound” category of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55AE527B0B48AA6FA0BDB9A" author="Beeman, K." box="[1256,1433,1411,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" pagination="59 - 103" refId="ref15048" refString="Beeman, K. (1998) Digital signal analysis, editing, and synthesis. In: Hopp, S. L., Owren, M. J. & Evans, C. S. (Eds.), Animal acoustic communication. Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 59 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 76220 - 8 _ 3" type="book chapter" year="1998">Beeman (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The call is moderately long (mean
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE015025F55AE527B6778A83FDF1DBC6" box="[555,611,1446,1473]" degrees="5.6" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="5555" value="-5.6">5.6 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), comprising (mean 6.5, range 3 to 14) repeated notes of short duration (mean
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE015025F55AE527B4B88AEFFEB4DBE2" box="[228,294,1482,1509]" degrees="0.58" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="555" value="-0.58">0.58 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) each separated by a shorter interval (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE015025F55AE527B6928AEEFC81DBE2" box="[718,787,1483,1509]" degrees="0.40" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="555" value="-0.4">0.40 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The repeated notes increase in amplitude across the call, and each consists of distinct pulses (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B70359F55AE527B6718ACAFD11D80E" box="[557,643,1519,1545]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,239,994,1018]" captionText="TABLE 6. Advertisement call parameters, mean+SD, ranges and statistical comparisons for L. littlejohni and L. watsoni sp. nov. Data from four populations and eleven individuals were analysed from each of the two species. Statistical comparisons of pulse repetition rate (ANCOVA) with temperature as a covariate, and ANOVA for the remaining call parameters are included." pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55AE527B6D38ACAFD41D80D" box="[655,723,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,345,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-92@16.[151,1435,345,1498]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of the male advertisement calls of A–B) L. littlejohni (ABTC 80813) McKenzie Road, Watagan Mountains, and C–D) the holotype of L. watsoni sp. nov. (AMS R186898), Parma Creek Nature Reserve. A) and C) Waveform and spectrogram of a single call; B) and D) Waveform and spectrogram of two notes with the time axis expanded, showing the pulses. Calls in A) and C) comprise 11 and nine notes respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411785/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Note duration and inter-note duration also increases gradually across the call and is accompanied by a gradual increase in the number of pulses (mean 22.8, range 7 to 33) in each note. The note envelope is fully amplitude modulated with distinct short pulses separated by a duration about three times longer, with the amplitude rising to a peak followed by a rapid decay (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55AE527B7B4897EFBBED871" box="[1000,1068,1627,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,345,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-92@16.[151,1435,345,1498]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of the male advertisement calls of A–B) L. littlejohni (ABTC 80813) McKenzie Road, Watagan Mountains, and C–D) the holotype of L. watsoni sp. nov. (AMS R186898), Parma Creek Nature Reserve. A) and C) Waveform and spectrogram of a single call; B) and D) Waveform and spectrogram of two notes with the time axis expanded, showing the pulses. Calls in A) and C) comprise 11 and nine notes respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411785/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spectrally, there is no evidence of frequency modulation in the call or in the notes. Dominant frequency of the call has a mean of 1740 Hz (range 1505 to 2018 Hz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6569F55AE527B49B89E2FB0FD92E" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B89E2FB0FD92E" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B89E2FEDAD8E6" bold="true" box="[199,328,1735,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named in honour of Dr Graeme Watson, formerly of the University of Melbourne,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55AE527B0A389E2FACED8E6" box="[1279,1372,1735,1761]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227672F55AE527B13A89E2FF41D902" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, for his lifelong contribution to the ecology and evolutionary biology of Australian amphibians and his particular contribution to elucidating the evolutionary relationships in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55AE527B7DA882AFC67D92F" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[902,1013,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ewingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B7DA882AFC67D92F" box="[902,1013,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">L. ewingii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6569F55AE523B49B8817FCE0DCF6" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B8817FDE9D992" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B49B8817FECBD94B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1842,1868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Found in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55AE527B6798816FDEDD94A" box="[549,639,1843,1869]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
and south-eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55AE527B7128816FB85D94A" box="[846,1047,1843,1869]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
, from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B0018816FB31D94A" box="[1117,1187,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Bellbird Creek and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B4948872FE91D976" box="[200,259,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
south of Brookville in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55AE527B6348872FD57D976" box="[616,709,1879,1905]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, along the eastern fall of the Great Dividing Range north to the Budderoo Plateau, Illawarra Region, NSW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55AE527B49B88BAFA07D9DA" blockId="18.[151,1437,402,2014]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Altitudinally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55AE527B53888BAFE41D9BF" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[356,467,1951,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B53888BAFE41D9BF" box="[356,467,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">L watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55AE527B58088BAFDA5D9BE" bold="true" box="[476,567,1951,1977]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55AE527B58088BAFDA5D9BE" box="[476,567,1951,1977]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs from near sea level, e.g. Parma Creek (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B00D88BAFB09D9BE" box="[1105,1179,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="179.0">179 m</quantity>
|
||
asl) and Nadgee State Forest (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B4B088E6FEA7D9DA" box="[236,309,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="198.0">198 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.) to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55AE527B5BE88E6FDACD9DA" box="[482,574,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1100.0">1,100 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in the upper reaches of the Mongarlowe River, near Braidwood, NSW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A666AF55BE526B4CB8A46FC58DBC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411791/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" startId="19.[151,250,1379,1403]" targetBox="[168,1420,181,1355]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55BE526B4CB8A46FC58DBC4" blockId="19.[151,1436,1379,1475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B4CB8A46FE81DB7C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1379,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Images in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55BE526B59B8A41FDE5DB7C" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[455,631,1379,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B59B8A41FDE5DB7C" box="[455,631,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Litoria littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B6218A46FD3CDB7C" bold="true" box="[637,686,1379,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
) unvouchered males Sawmill Pond, Watagan Mountains, NSW; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55BE526B1378A41FE98DB98" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B1378A41FE98DB98" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Litoria watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B54C8AA2FEF2DB98" bold="true" box="[272,352,1415,1439]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55BE526B54C8AA2FEF2DB98" box="[272,352,1415,1439]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B5318AA2FE15DB98" bold="true" box="[365,391,1415,1439]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">D)</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, adult male (AMS R186898) Parma Creek Nature Reserve, NSW,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B0D58AA2FB30DB98" bold="true" box="[1161,1186,1415,1439]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">E)</emphasis>
|
||
adult male Parma Creek Nature Reserve, NSW,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B5DF8A8EFE0EDBC4" bold="true" box="[387,412,1451,1475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">F)</emphasis>
|
||
adult male Gerringong Falls, Budderoo Plateau, NSW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55BE526B49B8AD4FD9DD92B" blockId="19.[151,1437,1521,1836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
The ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55BE526B5348AD7FD86D80C" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[360,532,1522,1547]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B5348AD7FD86D80C" box="[360,532,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Litoria watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B6408AD4FDE7D80C" bold="true" box="[540,629,1521,1547]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55BE526B6408AD4FDE7D80C" box="[540,629,1521,1547]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55BE526B6F08AD7FCA5D80C" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[684,823,1521,1547]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B6F08AD7FCA5D80C" box="[684,823,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to abut at the southern boundary of the Sydney Basin Bioregion. The southern end of the Sydney Basin Bioregion is characterised by ranges of sedimentary sandstones and silts that are deeply dissected by rivers forming steep escarpments and v-shaped valleys, and has been recognised as a biogeographic barrier for several taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55BE526B75A8978FB82D87F" author="Bryant, L. M. & Krosch, M. N." box="[774,1040,1629,1656]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" pagination="238 - 264" refId="ref15383" refString="Bryant, L. M. & Krosch, M. N. (2016) Lines in the land: a review of evidence for eastern Australia's major biogeographical barriers to closed forest taxa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 238 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12821" type="journal article" year="2016">Bryant & Krosch 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However it does not appear to be associated with a distinct drier and warmer landscape change as is the case for other biogeographical barriers in north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227672F55BE526B56D8980FE0AD8B8" box="[305,408,1701,1727]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
such as the St Lawrence and Burdekin gaps. Additional research is required at the southern border of the Sydney Basin Bioregion and the northern border of the South East Corner Bioregion to better understand the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55BE526B5F089CBFDAAD900" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[428,568,1773,1799]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B5F089CBFDAAD900" box="[428,568,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55BE526B62C89CBFD77D900" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[624,741,1774,1799]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B62C89CBFD77D900" box="[624,741,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55BE526B6B189C8FCDAD900" bold="true" box="[749,840,1773,1799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55BE526B6B189C8FCDAD900" box="[749,840,1773,1799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to determine whether they are sympatric in the zone where these two bioregions meet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A666AF55CE521B4CB8AB1FACBDBD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411793/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" startId="20.[151,250,1428,1452]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1405]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55CE521B4CB8AB1FACBDBD6" blockId="20.[151,1436,1428,1489]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B4CB8AB1FE81DBAA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1428,1453]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55CE521B5DA8AB0FDB0DBAB" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[390,546,1429,1452]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B5DA8AB0FDB0DBAB" box="[390,546,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Litoria watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B6758AB0FDE8DBAA" bold="true" box="[553,634,1429,1453]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55CE521B6758AB0FDE8DBAA" box="[553,634,1429,1453]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life from the Parma Creek Nature Reserve and Budderoo Plateau, NSW.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B1DD8AB1FA01DBAB" bold="true" box="[1409,1427,1428,1452]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">A</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral view showing colour under legs and in axilla,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B6E48A9CFD5BDBD6" bold="true" box="[696,713,1465,1489]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">B</emphasis>
|
||
) back of thigh,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B7368A9DFCEEDBD7" bold="true" box="[874,892,1464,1488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">C</emphasis>
|
||
) plantar view of foot,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B03C8A9CFBE0DBD6" bold="true" box="[1120,1138,1465,1489]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">D</emphasis>
|
||
) palmar view of hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55CE523B49B8ADAFC6BDF45" blockId="20.[151,1437,1535,2029]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B49B8ADAFEB1D81E" bold="true" box="[199,291,1535,1561]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55CE521B56D8925FE4FD81E" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[305,477,1536,1561]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B56D8925FE4FD81E" box="[305,477,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Litoria watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B5B88ADAFDACD81E" bold="true" box="[484,574,1535,1561]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55CE521B5B88ADAFDACD81E" box="[484,574,1535,1561]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in several different vegetation communities including numerous sites of post-forest harvest regrowth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55CE521B5A38906FD7ED83A" author="Daly, G. & Craven, P." box="[511,748,1571,1597]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="165 - 172" refId="ref15655" refString="Daly, G. & Craven, P. (2007) Monitoring populations of the Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni in the Shoalhaven region on the south coast of New South Wales. Australian Zoologist, 34, 165 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.7882 / AZ. 2007.014" type="journal article" year="2007">Daly & Craven 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Lemckert 2010,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55CE521B7F38906FB04D839" author="Gillespie, G. R. & McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R." box="[943,1174,1571,1598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="128 - 138" refId="ref16510" refString="Gillespie, G. R., McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R. (2016) The biology and status of the Large Brown Tree Frog Litoria littlejohni in Victoria. Victorian Naturalist, 133, 128 - 138." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Gillespie
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B0478901FBC1D83A" box="[1051,1107,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At the northern extent of its distribution in the Shoalhaven River catchment (Parma Creek Nature Reserve and Barren Grounds Nature Reserve on the Budderoo Plateau), where it appears to be most abundant, it is generally associated with upland heath and dry sclerophyll forest communities. In southern NSW and eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55CE521B7EC89AAFB98D8AE" box="[944,1034,1679,1705]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
records are generally in wet forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55CE521B4C38996FE1BD8C9" author="Gillespie, G. R. & McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R." box="[159,393,1715,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="128 - 138" refId="ref16510" refString="Gillespie, G. R., McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R. (2016) The biology and status of the Large Brown Tree Frog Litoria littlejohni in Victoria. Victorian Naturalist, 133, 128 - 138." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Gillespie
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B5518991FEADD8CA" box="[269,319,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although there are two historic records in heath in Nadgee Nature Reserve in south-eastern NSW (ALA accessed
|
||
<date id="FF8B1022F55CE521B5D389F2FD9AD8F6" box="[399,520,1751,1777]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" value="2020-06">June 2020</date>
|
||
). Where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55CE521B63189FDFD70D8F6" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[621,738,1752,1777]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B63189FDFD70D8F6" box="[621,738,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B6B689F2FCD6D8F6" bold="true" box="[746,836,1751,1777]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55CE521B6B689F2FCD6D8F6" box="[746,836,1751,1777]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is associated with heathland, the soils are sandy, and the parent geology is sandstone. In these locations the breeding sites are in streams that flow slowly across a mostly horizontal bedding plane on a plateau or steppe, and are not found in the v-shaped valleys or coastal valleys that form once the streams descend from the plateau (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55CE521B6958866FC8CD95A" box="[713,798,1859,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[153,1434,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of breeding habitat for L. watsoni sp. nov. A) Permanent stream with larger interconnected and isolated pools at Tianjara (K. Klop-Toker), B) pond in Nadgee (R. Bilney); and L. littlejohni C) permanent stream with larger interconnected and isolated pools at Dharawal National Park (K. Klop-Toker), D) pond in the Watagan Mountains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411795/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dense heath vegetation, comprising various species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55CE521B4CB8842FF63D986" box="[151,241,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Banksia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B4CB8842FF63D986" box="[151,241,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Banksia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55CE521B57A8842FE18D986" box="[294,394,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Grevillia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55CE521B57A8842FE18D986" box="[294,394,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Grevillia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, border and overhang the streams, and males typically call from branches up to a
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B07F55CE521B1488842FAC1D986" box="[1300,1363,1895,1922]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above the stream or from deep within large clumps of ferns. Preferred streams are shallow, characterized by rocky or sandy bases, potholed and with lateral rocks bars creating pools that are either completely isolated from surrounding water bodies, or larger connected pools (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A67F55CE521B67D88F6FDE4D9EA" box="[545,630,2003,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[153,1434,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of breeding habitat for L. watsoni sp. nov. A) Permanent stream with larger interconnected and isolated pools at Tianjara (K. Klop-Toker), B) pond in Nadgee (R. Bilney); and L. littlejohni C) permanent stream with larger interconnected and isolated pools at Dharawal National Park (K. Klop-Toker), D) pond in the Watagan Mountains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411795/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Where associated with wet forests communities the field records cite roadside ditches and puddles in south-eastern NSW and eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55EE523B72D8FB2FC59DEB6" box="[881,971,151,177]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Littlejohn & Watson 1966). Whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B1DA8FB2FF7CDED3" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B1DA8FB2FF7CDED3" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B4AB8F9EFEC0DED2" bold="true" box="[247,338,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B4AB8F9EFEC0DED2" box="[247,338,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
prefers these landscape features, or is apparently absent from larger more permanent water bodies and streams due to field survey design, is difficult to determine from available data. We know of no records in heavily modified landscapes such as farmlands or urban areas, and there is some debate about whether the species is affected by forestry practices (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B6588E02FD26DF46" author="Lemckert, F." box="[516,692,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="99 - 104" refId="ref17538" refString="Lemckert, F. (2004) The biology and conservation status of the heath frog Litoria littlejohni. Herpetofauna, 34, 99 - 104." type="journal article" year="2004">Lemckert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2010;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B75A8E02FC7CDF45" author="Gillespie, G. R. & McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R." box="[774,1006,295,322]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="128 - 138" refId="ref16510" refString="Gillespie, G. R., McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R. (2016) The biology and status of the Large Brown Tree Frog Litoria littlejohni in Victoria. Victorian Naturalist, 133, 128 - 138." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Gillespie
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B72E8E02FC38DF46" box="[882,938,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A666AF55DE520B4CB8853FA8CD9D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411795/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" startId="21.[151,250,1910,1934]" targetBox="[153,1434,181,1885]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55DE520B4CB8853FA8CD9D1" blockId="21.[151,1437,1910,2006]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B4CB8853FEB0D989" bold="true" box="[151,290,1910,1934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of breeding habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55DE520B6F48852FC86D989" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[680,788,1911,1934]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B6F48852FC86D989" box="[680,788,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B7418853FC1ED989" bold="true" box="[797,908,1910,1934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55DE520B7418853FCE2D989" box="[797,880,1910,1934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) Permanent stream with larger interconnected and isolated pools at Tianjara (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B5F488BEFD92D9B5" box="[424,512,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">K. Klop-</emphasis>
|
||
Toker),
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B60D88BFFDF0D9B5" bold="true" box="[593,610,1946,1970]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">B</emphasis>
|
||
) pond in Nadgee (R. Bilney); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55DE520B79588BEFBD5D9B5" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[969,1095,1946,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B79588BEFBD5D9B5" box="[969,1095,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B01288BFFBF2D9B5" bold="true" box="[1102,1120,1946,1970]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">C</emphasis>
|
||
) permanent stream with larger interconnected and isolated pools at Dharawal National Park (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B750889AFCF6D9D1" box="[780,868,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">K. Klop-</emphasis>
|
||
Toker),
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55DE520B7EF889BFC57D9D1" bold="true" box="[947,965,1982,2006]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">D</emphasis>
|
||
) pond in the Watagan Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55EE523B49B8E6FFCA9DF8D" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B49B8E6FFE04DF63" bold="true" box="[199,406,330,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Breeding Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Little is known about the larval ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B7CC8E6EFB94DF63" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[912,1030,331,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B7CC8E6EFB94DF63" box="[912,1030,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B0528E6EFBFBDF62" bold="true" box="[1038,1129,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B0528E6EFBFBDF62" box="[1038,1129,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and studies are a matter of priority given its threatened conservation status (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55EE523B49B8EB6FD5EDC3A" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
Males call along permanent streams in all seasons of the year particularly following rainfall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B0AE8EB6FF46DFD5" author="Gillespie, G. R. & McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R." pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="128 - 138" refId="ref16510" refString="Gillespie, G. R., McNabb, E. & Gaborov, R. (2016) The biology and status of the Large Brown Tree Frog Litoria littlejohni in Victoria. Victorian Naturalist, 133, 128 - 138." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Gillespie
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B13E8EB6FA0FDFAA" box="[1378,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males have been observed calling at a small forest pond at Nadgee and Yadboro State Forest in far southeastern NSW after summer rain (Bilney pers. obs.). Calling behaviour by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B7B08EFEFBEBDFF2" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[1004,1145,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B7B08EFEFBEBDFF2" box="[1004,1145,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in relation to season and permanent streams and ephemeral habitats is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B7D48EDAFC6EDC1F" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[904,1020,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B7D48EDAFC6EDC1F" box="[904,1020,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B05F8EDAFBCEDC1E" bold="true" box="[1027,1116,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B05F8EDAFBCEDC1E" box="[1027,1116,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B0358EDAFA0ADC1E" author="Lemckert, F. & Mahony, M." box="[1129,1432,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="71 - 76" refId="ref17667" refString="Lemckert, F. & Mahony, M. (2008) Core calling periods of the frogs of temperate New South Wales, Australia. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 3, 71 - 76." type="journal article" year="2008">Lemckert & Mahony 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Lemckert 2010,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B5138D06FE7DDC3A" author="Mahony, M. J." box="[335,495,547,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="257 - 264" refId="ref18183" refString="Mahony, M. J. (1993) The status of frogs in the Watagan Mountains area, the Central Coast of New South Wales. In: Lunney, D. & Ayers, D. (Eds.), Herpetology in Australia: a diverse discipline. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, New South Wales, pp. 257 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.7882 / RZSNSW. 1993.039" type="book chapter" year="1993">Mahony 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B5A58D06FD52DC3A" author="White, A. M. & Whitford, R. W. & Mahony, M. J." box="[505,704,547,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref19865" refString="White, A. M., Whitford, R. W. & Mahony, M. J. (1994) A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 114, 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
White
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B6198D06FDEFDC3A" box="[581,637,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55EE523B49B8D62FCE0DCF6" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
In a composite description based on samples from the Cann River,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55EE523B7E68D62FB85DC66" box="[954,1047,583,609]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the Mongarlowe River, NSW and Budderoo Plateau, NSW (referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B6188D4EFD2BDC83" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[580,697,619,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B6188D4EFD2BDC83" box="[580,697,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B69C8D4EFC88DC82" bold="true" box="[704,794,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B69C8D4EFC88DC82" box="[704,794,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and from the Watagan Mountains, NSW (referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B1DA8D4EFE96DCAE" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B1DA8D4EFE96DCAE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B5468DAAFE26DCAE" author="Anstis, M." box="[282,436,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" refId="ref14930" refString="Anstis, M. (2017) Tadpoles and frogs of Australia. New Holland Publishers Pty Limited, Chatswood, 848 pp." type="book" year="2017">Anstis (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described oviposition sites, egg mass structure, and embryo morphology, without noting any differences in these attributes among the sampled locations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B7348D96FB0ADCC9" author="Martin, A. & Littlejohn, M. J." box="[872,1176,691,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="47 - 57" refId="ref18370" refString="Martin, A. & Littlejohn, M. J. (1966) The breeding biology and larval development of Hyla jervisiensis (Anura: Hylidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 91, 47 - 57." type="journal article" year="1966">Martin & Littlejohn (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B4CB8DF2FE9EDCF7" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,268,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B4CB8DF2FE9EDCF7" box="[151,268,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B54F8DF2FEFEDCF6" bold="true" box="[275,364,727,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B54F8DF2FEFEDCF6" box="[275,364,727,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Cann River,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F800F55EE523B6618DF2FD05DCF6" box="[573,663,727,753]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B69A8DF2FCF0DCF7" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[710,866,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jervisiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B69A8DF2FCF0DCF7" box="[710,866,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. jervisiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6569F55EE523B49B8DDFFB03DDCE" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36E2F55EE523B49B8DDFFB03DDCE" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B49B8DDFFED0DD13" bold="true" box="[199,322,762,788]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B5108DDEFE69DD13" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[332,507,763,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B5108DDEFE69DD13" box="[332,507,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Litoria watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B65A8DDEFDF1DD12" bold="true" box="[518,611,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B65A8DDEFDF1DD12" box="[518,611,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B0918DDEFAD3DD13" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[1229,1345,763,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ewingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B0918DDEFAD3DD13" box="[1229,1345,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. ewingii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B56C8C3AFE29DD3E" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[304,443,799,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B56C8C3AFE29DD3E" box="[304,443,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the occurrence of immaculate orange markings on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the femur and tibia, in the groin and posterior flanks, and by its larger size (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B13F55EE523B01A8C66FB73DD5A" author="Anstis, M." box="[1094,1249,834,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" refId="ref14930" refString="Anstis, M. (2017) Tadpoles and frogs of Australia. New Holland Publishers Pty Limited, Chatswood, 848 pp." type="book" year="2017">Anstis [2017]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for comparative measurements). The call can be distinguished from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B7758C42FC21DD86" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[809,947,871,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B7758C42FC21DD86" box="[809,947,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lower number of pulses in each note (mean 22.8 compared to 27.8) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B70359F55EE523B5A98CAEFDDEDDA2" box="[501,588,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1731,1755]" captionText="TABLE 4. Fixed difference analysis for Litoria littlejohni and Litoria watsoni sp. nov. (northern and southern generic groups). Upper matrix: number of loci showing a fixed difference and (% of loci showing a fixed difference); lower matrix: expected number of loci showing a fixed difference and (the number of loci compared). All comparisons were significant after simulation." pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). From a genetic perspective, apomorphic nucleotide states at 21 sites in the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B5678C8AFEE3DDCE" box="[315,369,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">ND4</emphasis>
|
||
gene reliably diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B6268C8AFD7DDDCF" authority="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Mahony & Moses & Mahony & Lemckert & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[634,751,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B6268C8AFD7DDDCF" box="[634,751,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B6AA8C8AFCDDDDCE" bold="true" box="[758,847,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272578BF55EE523B6AA8C8AFCDDDDCE" box="[758,847,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D61F55EE523B7C88C8AFB8CDDCE" authorityName="White, Whitford & Mahony" authorityYear="1994" box="[916,1054,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littlejohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EAF0F55EE523B7C88C8AFB8CDDCE" box="[916,1054,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. littlejohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B70359F55EE523B0718C8AFB11DDCE" box="[1069,1155,943,969]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1511,1535]" captionText="TABLE 3. Diagnostic nucleotide sites in mitochondrial ND4 sequence for species in the Litoria ewingii group. Apomorphic states are indicated in bold." pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |