313 lines
43 KiB
XML
313 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="EB25D01C613130916D8E0824D820B376" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.12SLASH10279" ID-CLB-Dataset="25098" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ca3faf3-3edd-4eb2-a2e7-825faf90dfeb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="321799" ID-ZooBank="43E1D901-D818-4006-B0BD-8FF1B3774C69" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1487841514486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cho, Hee-Wook & Świętojańska, Jolanta" docDate="2017" docId="039C87CEFFF8A14FFF32FD0F965BFCBC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4236.2.12SLASH10279.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4236 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plagiosterna adamsii Baly 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="384" masterDocId="FFA5FFB6FFF9A14CFFA5FFF59366FFA8" masterDocTitle="Larval morphology of Plagiosterna adamsii (Baly) and P. aenea (Linnaeus) with resurrection of Gastrolinoides Chûjô & Kimoto and P. formosana (Bates) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)" masterLastPageNumber="391" masterPageNumber="381" pageNumber="382" updateTime="1698437262608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="709BC26961B7BEB2565F009329AD8982">Larval morphology of Plagiosterna adamsii (Baly) and P. aenea (Linnaeus) with resurrection of Gastrolinoides Chûjô & Kimoto and P. formosana (Bates) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACDC16B9CC35B230D1CDD2BD19D0A758">Cho, Hee-Wook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="133E96AEB72EA73EC3FD467E8DEB564B">Świętojańska, Jolanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BDCF4AA0C5F4D17EC4D6E27A04B1738D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="687869468205475F64E277C112A4F8AC">
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<mods:date id="6B62524D9BBDFE9AB99C6EAAD60DEA40">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C010BC0D6A60C4C1ACEADCEABA6EE7E">2017-02-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5ABE68A4A7B431C695A9934FEC9B7375">4236</mods:number>
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<subSection id="E2BA2F33FFF8A14FFF32FD0F965BFCBC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="multiple">
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<treatment id="039C87CEFFF8A14FFF32FD0F965BFCBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019033" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159868450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019033" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87CEFFF8A14FFF32FD0F965BFCBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87CEFFF8A14FFF32FD0F965BFCBC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFF8A14DFF32FD0F9019FCBC" box="[151,895,762,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14DFF32FD0F9019FCBC" blockId="1.[151,895,762,822]" box="[151,895,762,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<heading id="D0C281B4FFF8A14DFF32FD0F9019FCBC" bold="true" box="[151,895,762,788]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFF32FD0F9019FCBC" bold="true" box="[151,895,762,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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Description of the larva of
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9410C9FFF8A14DFE40FD0F9019FCBC" author="Baly, J. S." authority="Baly, 1864" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1864" box="[485,895,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" firstAuthor="Baly" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" journalOrPublisher="The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" pagination="223 - 243" part="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refId="ref5658" refString="Baly, J. S. (1864) Descriptions of uncharacterized genera and species of Phytophaga. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2 (3), 223 - 243." species="adamsii" title="Descriptions of uncharacterized genera and species of Phytophaga" treatmentTaxon="Plagiosterna adamsii" type="journal article" year="1864">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFF8A14DFE40FD0F9019FCBC" authority="Baly, 1864" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1864" box="[485,895,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFE40FD0F9183FCBC" bold="true" box="[485,741,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Plagiosterna adamsii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFF8A14DFD56FD0F9011FCBC" author="Baly, J. S." box="[755,887,762,788]" firstAuthor="Baly" journalOrPublisher="The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" pagination="223 - 243" part="2" refId="ref5658" refString="Baly, J. S. (1864) Descriptions of uncharacterized genera and species of Phytophaga. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2 (3), 223 - 243." title="Descriptions of uncharacterized genera and species of Phytophaga" type="journal article" year="1864">Baly, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFF8A14EFF32FCE893A9F893" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14DFF32FCE892A9FC9E" blockId="1.[151,895,762,822]" box="[151,463,797,822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFF3AFCE89265FC9E" box="[159,259,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1369,1392]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,363,1346]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 1. dorsal view; 2. lateral view; 3. ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321800/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFEAAFCEB922CFC9E" box="[271,330,798,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">7–14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFEF0FCEB9215FC9E" box="[341,371,798,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 24" captionStartId="7.[151,263,645,668]" captionTargetBox="[509,1080,215,603]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[488,1099,193,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 24. Tibia and tarsungulus, last instar larva. 23. Plagiosterna adamsii; 24. P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFEDAFCE892A0FC9E" box="[383,454,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">25, 26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14DFF32FC90922CFBA6" blockId="1.[151,1436,869,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFF32FC909210FCD6" bold="true" box="[151,374,869,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">First instar larva.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFF8A14DFD87FC9391ABFCD5" box="[546,717,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.10–2.30 mm</quantity>
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, width
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||
<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFF8A14DFC88FC9090BEFCD5" box="[813,984,869,894]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.675" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.70 mm</quantity>
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, head width
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFF8A14DFBDFFC909783FCD5" box="[1146,1253,869,894]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
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(n = 2). Body yellowish-white with head dark brown, tubercles and legs brown. Sclerotized platelets on dorsum rather dense, on venter sparse. Defensive glands present on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments I–VII. Small egg bursters present on meso- and metathorax. Head and mouthparts similar in the shape and chaetotaxy to those of the last instar larva.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14DFF62FBEC908AFB36" blockId="1.[151,1436,869,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFF62FBEC927EFB9A" box="[199,280,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Prothorax with D-DL-EPa (10L 7–11S 4–5M); EPp (1S 2M); P (3S); ES-SS (1S 2M) (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFB48FBEC9626FB9A" box="[1261,1344,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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). Meso- and metathorax with Da (2S 3M) sometimes divided into large Dai and small Dae; Dp (1L 1S) smaller than Da; DLi (1L 1S 1–2M) with a very small egg burster situated anterior to a long seta; DLe (1L 4–5S 2M) conical with a defensive gland; EPa (4–5S); EPp (1L 4S); P (2–3S); SS (1M); ES (1S 1M).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14DFF62FB5C97A6FA86" blockId="1.[151,1436,869,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFF62FB5C9257FB6A" box="[199,305,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Abdomen</emphasis>
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. Segments I–VI with D (1L 5–6S); DL (1L 3–4S) with a defensive gland; EP (1L 5–6S); P (1L 3S); PS-SS (2S 1–2M) generally divided into 2 tubercles; ES (2S) on both sides fused or separated; as1 (1M). Segment VII with D on both sides fused; DL with a defensive gland. Segment VIII with dorsal and dorsolateral tubercles fused. Segment IX with D-DL-EP (3S 5–7M) fused. Segment X with pygopod well developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14DFF62FACC92AFF981" blockId="1.[151,1436,869,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFF62FACC928AFAFA" bold="true" box="[199,492,1337,1362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Third (last) instar larva.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFF8A14DFD22FACF904DFAF9" box="[647,811,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085" metricValueMax="1.14" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="10.85" valueMax="11.4" valueMin="10.3">10.3–11.4 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFF8A14DFC25FACF976CFAF9" box="[896,1034,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.3 mm</quantity>
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, head width
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFF8A14DFB3EFACC9659FAF9" box="[1179,1343,1337,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.17" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="1.21" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="1.17">1.17–1.25 mm</quantity>
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(n = 5). Body elongate, widest at abdominal segments II–III and moderately convex dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFBD7FAA897BCFADE" box="[1138,1242,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1369,1392]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,363,1346]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 1. dorsal view; 2. lateral view; 3. ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321800/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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). Head blackishbrown with mouthparts partially yellowish-white; dorsal tubercles brown to blackish-brown, whereas ventral ones much paler (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFE80FA50920FFA16" box="[293,361,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1369,1392]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1346]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,363,1346]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 1. dorsal view; 2. lateral view; 3. ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321800/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); dorsal integument brown except median line of thorax on account of very dense and strongly sclerotized platelets, whereas ventral one yellowish-white on account of sparse and weakly sclerotized platelets; legs brown with apex of each segment dark brown. Defensive glands present on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments I–VII.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFF8A14EFF62F9C090EAFEE8" blockId="1.[151,1436,869,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFF8A14DFF62F9C09262F9E6" box="[199,260,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Head</emphasis>
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. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFC85F9C09000F9E6" box="[800,870,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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). Vertex with 4 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 9 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 4 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture short, not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons with 4–5 pairs of setae. Clypeus trapezoidal with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of short and 1 pair of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla placed medially and 1 pair of minute setae placed at anterior border (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFB14F9309661F976" box="[1201,1287,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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); epipharynx with 3 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin (
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||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFD73F91C9056F8AA" box="[726,816,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible palmate, 5-toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFE0DF8F89171F88E" box="[424,535,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary palp 3-segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 1 campaniform sensillum; II rectangular with 2 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFF8A14DFE2CF88C92B8F83A" box="[393,478,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mala rounded with 10 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo without setae. Labial palp 2-segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 minute seta and 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer side and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of setae (2 of them placed internally, not visible on
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFBA14EFB5EFF62962BFF18" box="[1275,1357,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 2 pairs of setae; postmentum with spinules on basolateral region, 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3- segmented; antenomere I transverse with 2 campaniform sensilla; II stout with a conical sensorium and 6 setae; III subconical with 5 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFBA14EFD58FED29019FEE8" box="[765,895,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,173,1505]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Plagiosterna adamsii, last instar larva. 7. head; 8 – 9. mandibles; 10 – 11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6650FFFBA14EFF32FAAC9672FAD8" box="[151,1300,1369,1392]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321800/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" targetBox="[151,1436,363,1346]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFBA14EFF32FAAC9672FAD8" blockId="2.[151,1300,1369,1392]" box="[151,1300,1369,1392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFF32FAAC925CFAC7" bold="true" box="[151,314,1369,1392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFBA14EFE14FAAF91ECFAD8" box="[433,650,1370,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFE14FAAF91ECFAD8" box="[433,650,1370,1392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Plagiosterna adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, last instar larva. 1. dorsal view; 2. lateral view; 3. ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFBA14EFF62FA62919FF9CC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1431,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFF62FA62927EFA18" box="[199,280,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Prothorax with D-DL-EPa (1L 21–26S) largest; EPp (2–3S) small and rounded; P (2S); ES-SS (3–5S) slightly sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFBA14EFEDFFA4E92A8FA7C" box="[378,462,1467,1492]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Meso- and metathorax with Da (4–5S 1M) generally divided into large Dai and small Dae; Dp (2S) smaller than Da; DLi (3–4S) much smaller than Dp; DLe (1L 7–8S 1M) large and conical with a defensive gland; EPa (3–5S); EPp (1L 2–4S); P (2S); SS (1S) and ES (2–3S) slightly sclerotized. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 13 setae; tarsungulus strongly curved, basal tooth well developed, with 1 short seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFBA14EFD3DF9BE918DF9CC" box="[664,747,1611,1636]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 24" captionStartId="7.[151,263,645,668]" captionTargetBox="[509,1080,215,603]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[488,1099,193,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 24. Tibia and tarsungulus, last instar larva. 23. Plagiosterna adamsii; 24. P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFBA14EFF62F99A93A9F893" blockId="2.[151,1437,1431,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFF62F99A9257F920" box="[199,305,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Segments I–VI with D (6–8S) wider than long; DL (1L 3–4S) conical with a defensive gland; EP (1L 4–6S); P (1L 2–4S) smaller than EP; PS-SS (2–3S) sometimes divided into 2–3 tubercles, slightly sclerotized; ES (2S) on both sides fused or separated, slightly sclerotized; as1 (1S) very small. Segment VII with D on both sides fused; DL with a defensive gland. Segments VIII–IX each with dorsal and dorsolateral tubercles fused (2L 6– 7S 2M and 7–8S 2–4M respectively). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I– VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFBA14EFF62F8B29745F858" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFBA14EFF62F8B29745F858" blockId="2.[151,1437,1431,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFF62F8B29227F8C8" bold="true" box="[199,321,1863,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The last instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFBA14EFDF4F8B29024F8C8" box="[593,834,1863,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFDF4F8B29024F8C8" box="[593,834,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Plagiosterna adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFBA14EFB8CF8BC97D8F8C8" box="[1065,1214,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFB8CF8BC9751F8C8" box="[1065,1079,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFBE3F8BD97D8F8C8" box="[1094,1214,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the dark dorsum on account of strongly sclerotized platelets. However, this species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFBA14EFB1DF898962BF82C" box="[1208,1357,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFB1DF89897A0F82C" box="[1208,1222,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFB70F899962BF82C" box="[1237,1357,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the pronotum entirely pigmented except a narrow median line, abdomen almost completely covered with sclerotized platelets and legs largely brown (median region of pronotum unpigmented, a pair of broad bands on metathorax and abdominal segments I–IV and legs largely yellowish-white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFBA14EFCDBF82C9774F858" box="[894,1042,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFCDBF82C90EAF858" box="[894,908,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFBA14EFC3FF82D9774F858" box="[922,1042,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFAA14FFF62FF629646FF7D" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FF629646FF7D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FF6292D6FF18" bold="true" box="[199,432,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
5 last instar larvae,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFD34FF629046FF07" box="[657,800,151,176]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFAA14FFC8EFF6290C8FF18" box="[811,942,151,176]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongbuk" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Gyeongbuk</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov., Andong, Songcheon-dong,
|
||
<date id="FF8B1018FFFAA14FFA94FF6296FEFF18" box="[1329,1432,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" value="2006-05-06">6.V.2006</date>
|
||
, H.Y. Kwon; 4 first and 5 last instar larvae, same data as preceding one except for
|
||
<date id="FF8B1018FFFAA14FFB8DFF4997FBFF7C" box="[1064,1181,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" value="2009-05-31">31.V.2009</date>
|
||
, H.W. Cho.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFAA14FFF62FF2A9105FEB4" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FF2A9105FEB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FF2A9206FF50" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFECDFF2A92CDFF50" box="[360,427,223,248]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Guandong,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFAA14FFDE4FF2A91C2FF50" box="[577,676,223,248]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFAA14FFD14FF2A907FFF50" box="[689,793,223,248]" country="China" name="Liaoning" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFAA14FFC80FF2A90E4FF50" box="[805,898,223,248]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFAA14FFC2AFF15908EFF5F" box="[911,1000,224,247]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFAA14FFC51FF2A973AFF50" box="[1012,1116,223,248]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFBD5FF2A97D3FF50" box="[1136,1205,223,248]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFB67FF159661FF5F" box="[1218,1287,224,247]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFAA14FFAB2FF2A93B2FEB4" author="Kippenberg, H." editor="Lobl, I & Smetana, A." firstAuthor="Kippenberg" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" pagination="390 - 443" refId="ref6095" refString="Kippenberg, H. (2010) New acts and comments, Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Fol. 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 67 - 73, 390 - 443." title="New acts and comments, Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Fol. 6. Chrysomeloidea" year="2010">Kippenberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFE01FEF09282FEB4" box="[420,484,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is an error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFAA14FFF62FED29385FE5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FED29137FE97" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,593,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FED2922DFEE8" bold="true" box="[199,331,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFEF7FED292B7FEE8" box="[338,465,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFE79FED2917AFEE8" box="[476,540,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFE79FED2917AFEE8" box="[476,540,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FEB99385FE5C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FEB992EDFECD" bold="true" box="[199,395,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFE36FEB991E3FECD" box="[403,645,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFE36FEB991E3FECD" box="[403,645,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Plagiosterna adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is univoltine. Overwintered adults appear in early May, mate and lay clusters of eggs on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFE79FE9A917AFE20" box="[476,540,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFE79FE9A917AFE20" box="[476,540,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in mid-May. Newly hatched larvae gregariously feed on young leaves, but later become solitary as they mature. Larvae molt two times to become fully grown. Pupation takes place on the leaf surface. Newly emerged adults are found from June to August.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFCFEFE429753FE78" box="[859,1077,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFCFEFE429753FE78" box="[859,1077,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar life cycle in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFAFFFE4293B9FE5C" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFAA14FFF62FE0A965BFCBC" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FE0A965BFCBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FE0A925DFDB0" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFAA14FFEE7FE0A92AFFDB0" author="Baly, J. S." box="[322,457,511,536]" firstAuthor="Baly" journalOrPublisher="The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" pagination="223 - 243" part="2" refId="ref5658" refString="Baly, J. S. (1864) Descriptions of uncharacterized genera and species of Phytophaga. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2 (3), 223 - 243." title="Descriptions of uncharacterized genera and species of Phytophaga" type="journal article" year="1864">Baly (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFDE1FDF491B1FDB0" box="[580,727,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFDE1FDF491B1FDB0" box="[580,727,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Lina adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chusan in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFAA14FFC33FE0A90BAFDB0" box="[918,988,511,536]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, however the original name and year of publication were wrongly cited as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFD88FDD190E0FD94" authority="Baly, 1884" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1884" box="[557,902,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Melasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFD88FDD19198FD95" box="[557,766,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Melasoma adamsi</emphasis>
|
||
Baly, 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by several authors (Gressitt & Kimoto 1963;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFAA14FFF32FDB2923AFDC8" author="Kippenberg, H." box="[151,348,583,608]" editor="Lobl, I & Smetana, A." firstAuthor="Kippenberg" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" pagination="390 - 443" refId="ref6095" refString="Kippenberg, H. (2010) New acts and comments, Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Fol. 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 67 - 73, 390 - 443." title="New acts and comments, Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Fol. 6. Chrysomeloidea" year="2010">Kippenberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFAA14FFECDFDBD9144FDC8" author="Yang, X. K. & Ge, S. Q. & Wang, S. Y. & Li, W. Z. & Cui, J. Z." bookContentInfo="641 pp." box="[360,546,583,608]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yang" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" refId="ref6592" refString="Yang, X. K., Ge, S. Q., Wang, S. Y., Li, W. Z. & Cui, J. Z. (2014) Fauna Sinica, Insecta Fol. 61. Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae. Science Press, Beijing, 641 pp. + 8 pls. [in Chinese with English abstract and keys]" title="Fauna Sinica, Insecta Fol. 61. Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Yang
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFE0DFDBC92BCFDC8" box="[424,474,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, etc.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFAA14FFDC9FDB29049FDC8" author="Park, J. & Cho, H. W. & Lee, J. E. & Park, J. K." box="[620,815,583,608]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Park" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" pagination="309 - 313" part="8" refId="ref6410" refString="Park, J., Cho, H. W., Lee, J. E. & Park, J. K. (2015) Description of immature stages of the genus Plagiosterna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity, 8 (4), 309 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2015.09.004" title="Description of immature stages of the genus Plagiosterna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Korea" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Park
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFD03FDBC91B1FDC8" box="[678,727,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFB26FDBC979EFDC8" box="[1155,1272,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFB26FDBC97F7FDC8" box="[1155,1169,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFB3AFDB2979EFDC8" box="[1183,1272,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFA83FDBC96F5FDC8" box="[1318,1427,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Melasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFA83FDBC9652FDC8" box="[1318,1332,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFAE7FDB296F5FDC8" box="[1346,1427,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">adamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with several misinterpretations: illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFD02FD98907AFD2D" box="[679,796,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFD02FD9891D3FD2C" box="[679,693,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFD66FD99907AFD2D" box="[707,796,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFCF7FD9890D7FD2C" box="[850,945,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFCF7FD989006FD2C" box="[850,864,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFCCBFD9890D7FD2C" box="[878,945,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to be switched; mala (fused galea and lacinia) is misinterpreted as galea; misinterpreted number of mandibular setae; insufficient diagnostic characters at the species level. In the present publication the first instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFC28FD409765FD65" box="[909,1027,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFC28FD4090FDFD64" box="[909,923,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFC0FFD419765FD65" box="[938,1027,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown to be highly similar to the last instar larva in the body shape, chaetotaxy of head and mouthparts, and tubercular pattern, however, it differs in the dorsal integument with less dense platelets and pronotal tubercle D-DL-EPa with relatively long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |