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<mods:namePart id="ED4A973D1D109A1BB7D242D76174C7CD">Scoble, Malcolm J.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D5FFD2DC3BFF3EE448FD72FA92" blockId="31.[151,720,1288,1314]" box="[151,720,1288,1314]" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">
<heading id="D0C281B9FFD2DC3BFF3EE448FD72FA92" bold="true" box="[151,720,1288,1314]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFD2DC3BFF3EE448FD72FA92" bold="true" box="[151,720,1288,1314]" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFF3EE448FE90FA92" ID-CoL="LP" box="[151,306,1288,1314]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
systematics: information sources
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D5FFD2DC3BFF3EE414FCD9F966" blockId="31.[151,1436,1364,2030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFF65E414FEF5FADE" ID-CoL="LP" box="[204,343,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
counterpart of Junk's monumental '
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFD2DC3BFD5DE414FB82FADD" box="[756,1056,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">Coleopterorum Catalogus</emphasis>
' was still quite incomplete when its publication ceased by the time of World War II. By now, of course, the published parts are very outdated. The series was later revived in 1980s (J.Heppner ed.) and has served the publication of Poole's aforementioned noctuid catalogue, which represents a notable step forward in
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFC86E48CFC18FA56" ID-CoL="LP" box="[815,954,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
stocktaking; treatments of several smaller families have since been forthcoming. Other useful modern global-scope reference works are Bridges' butterfly catalogues (1989a–e;
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFE39E75CFD89F986" ID-CoL="DGC" box="[400,555,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
are not covered) and the ' World Catalogue of Insects' series in which so far treatments of Pterophoroidea &amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFDBEE704FC9BF9EE" ID-CoL="68L" authority="Gielis 2003" authorityName="Gielis" authorityYear="2003" box="[535,825,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Alucitidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFD2DC3BFD0BE704FC90F9EE" author="Gielis" box="[674,818,1604,1630]" pageId="31" pageNumber="736" refString="Gielis, C. (2003) Pterophoroidea &amp; Alucitoidea (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects 4, 1 - 198. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="journal article" year="2003">Gielis 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFCEEE704FBD8F9EE" ID-CoL="HBJ" authority="Brown 2005" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="2005" box="[839,1146,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Tortricidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFD2DC3BFC71E704FBD0F9EE" author="Brown" box="[984,1138,1604,1630]" pageId="31" pageNumber="735" refString="Brown, J. W. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects 5, 1 - 741. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="journal article" year="2005">Brown 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFB2EE704FA8AF9EE" ID-CoL="8V4GK" box="[1159,1320,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
(de Prins &amp; de
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFD2DC3BFF71E72CFEFAF936" author="Prins" box="[216,344,1644,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="739" refString="Prins, W. de &amp; J. de Prins (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects 6, 1 - 502. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="journal article" year="2005">Prins 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFE33E72CFDE4F936" ID-CoL="8F8" box="[410,582,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coleophoridae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFD2DC3BFDFEE72CFD2FF935" box="[599,653,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">s.str.</emphasis>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFD2DC3BFD0FE72CFC08F936" author="Baldizzone" box="[678,938,1644,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="734" refString="Baldizzone, G., Landry, J. - F. &amp; Wolf, H. van der (2006) Coleophoridae, Coleophorinae (Lepidoptera). World Catalogue of Insects 8, 1 - 215. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="journal article" year="2006">
Baldizzone
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFD2DC3BFC9AE72CFCC5F935" box="[819,871,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">et al</emphasis>
.2006
</bibRefCitation>
) have appeared. As noted above, the large family
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFF43E7D4FE23F91E" ID-CoL="6247J" box="[234,385,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
was catalogued by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFD2DC3BFDC1E7D4FCEFF91E" box="[616,845,1684,1710]" pageId="31" pageNumber="740" refString="Scoble, M. J., Gaston, K. J. &amp; Crook, A. (1995) Using taxonomic data to estimate species richness in Geometridae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 49, 136 - 147." type="journal article">Scoble et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and the hawkmoths (
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFBEEE7D4FB6CF91E" ID-CoL="GHS" box="[1095,1230,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
) were catalogued by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFD2DC3BFF15E7FCFE56F966" author="Kitching" box="[188,500,1724,1750]" pageId="31" pageNumber="737" refString="Kitching, I. J. &amp; Cadiou; J. - M. (2000) Hawkmoths of the world. An annotated and illustrated revisionary checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). viii + 227 pp., 8 pls. The Natural History Museum London &amp; Cornell University Press, Ithaca." type="book" year="2000">Kitching &amp; Cadiou (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, both outside a serial framework.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36D5FFD2DC04FF6FE7A4FC72FEE2" blockId="31.[151,1436,1364,2030]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1436,152,1098]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="731" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">
Of special note are the six volumes constituting the 'Catalogue of the Generic Names of the Moths of the World' compiled by I.W.B.Nye and his colleagues at the Natural History Museum, London. These Generic Names catalogues were built from the comprehensive collection of index cards to
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFBF2E674FB48F8FE" ID-CoL="LP" box="[1115,1258,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
. The archive is composed of over 290,000 cards to all categories down to species and infraspecific names. It provides names, their associated bibliographical information and taxonomic status. Two digital products have emerged from this remarkable resource - one direct one indirect.
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFD2DC3BFD02E6ECFCB4F875" box="[683,790,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="730">LepIndex</emphasis>
, the Global
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFD2DC3BFC0AE6ECFB6DF876" ID-CoL="LP" authority="Names Index" authorityName="Names Index" box="[931,1231,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera Names Index</taxonomicName>
, (Beccaloni et al., http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/lepindex/index.html) provides users with searchable webaccess to images of all the cards of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FD96E1D8FD68FF02" ID-CoL="LP" box="[575,714,152,178]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
(indexing ceased for most taxa in 1981). The Butterflies and Moths of the World website (Pitkin &amp; Jenkins, http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/butmoth/) is a web-based interactive catalogue to the genus-group names of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FCC1E1A8FC51FEB2" ID-CoL="LP" box="[872,1011,232,258]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FB95E1A8FB59FEB2" author="Linnaeus" box="[1084,1275,232,258]" pageId="32" pageNumber="738" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th ed. Holmiae. 534 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
to
<date id="FF8B1015FFEDDC04FA8BE1A8FA3AFEB2" box="[1314,1432,232,258]" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" value="2004-07">July 2004</date>
. The compilation was derived from several published sources (notably, of course, the Generic Names volumes), with many of these sources themselves being based on the card archive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F655EFFEDDC04FF6FE020FED9FBFA" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36D5FFEDDC04FF6FE020FEDDFDF2" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1098]" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">
Regional/local checklists come in many forms. The only
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FCFFE020FC3BFECA" box="[854,921,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Agathiphagidae" genus="Agathiphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
zoogeographical region for which complete, modern
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FF5EE0C8FE20FE12" box="[247,386,392,418]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
checklists are available are North
<collectingCountry id="F3227645FFEDDC04FCBDE0C8FCD5FE12" box="[788,887,392,418]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">America</collectingCountry>
(Hodges et al., 1983) and
<collectingCountry id="F3227645FFEDDC04FB04E0C8FAB4FE12" box="[1197,1302,392,418]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Nielsen
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFEDDC04FA2EE0C8FF16FE79" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">et al.</emphasis>
1996); a checklist of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FDF1E0F0FD41FE7A" box="[600,739,432,458]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
is in the course of publication since 1984 (Heppner ed.). Important sub-regional checklists include, e.g., those by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FC86E098FB20FE42" author="Karsholt" box="[815,1154,472,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="737" refString="Karsholt, O. &amp; Razowski, J. (eds.) 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe. 380 pp. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="book" year="1996">Karsholt &amp; Razowski (1996)</bibRefCitation>
on Europe (and a more recent electronic list is available on http://www.faunaeur.org/),
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FCCFE340FBBFFDAA" author="Heppner" box="[870,1053,512,538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="736" refString="Heppner, J. B. (1992) Checklist. Lepidoptera of Taiwan 1 (2)." type="journal article" year="1992">Heppner (1992)</bibRefCitation>
on
<collectingCountry id="F3227645FFEDDC04FBEEE340FB39FDAA" box="[1095,1179,512,538]" name="Taiwan" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FB7BE340FA3EFDAA" box="[1234,1436,512,538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="740" refString="Vari, L., Kroon, D. M. &amp; Kruger, M. (2002) Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Published by the authors, xxi + 385 pp." type="book">
Vári
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFEDDC04FAA4E340FAE5FDA9" box="[1293,1351,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
on Southern Africa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36D5FFEDDC04FF6FE310FD30FCEA" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1098]" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">
As for other insect orders a useful survey of identification works, including primary research articles, was given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FEA2E338FE0DFD22" author="Hollis" box="[267,431,632,658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="737" refString="Hollis, D. (ed.) (1980) Animal Identification: a Reference Guide; 3, Insects. British Museum (Natural History) / John Wiley &amp; Sons." type="book chapter" year="1980">Hollis (1980)</bibRefCitation>
. Works of regional scope that proved invaluable tools for
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FBDFE338FAA1FD22" box="[1142,1283,632,658]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
systematists worldwide include the accounts of Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FD0CE3E0FC91FD0A" box="[677,819,672,698]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
immatures in 'Immature Insects' (F.Stehr ed, 1987), the book by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FE87E388FE50FD52" author="Common" box="[302,498,712,738]" pageId="32" pageNumber="735" refString="Common, I. F. B. (1990) Moths of Australia. Melbourne University Press / E. J. Brill, Leiden, NewYork, Kobenhavn, Koln. 535 pp, 32 pls." type="book" year="1990">Common (1990)</bibRefCitation>
on Australian moths, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B24FFEDDC04FC99E388FB8FFD52" author="Holloway" box="[816,1069,712,738]" pageId="32" pageNumber="737" refString="Holloway, J. D., Kibby, G. &amp; Peggie, D. (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies. Fauna Malesiana 3, i - xi, 1 - 455. Brill, Leiden, Boston &amp; Koln." type="journal article" year="2001">
Holloway
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFEDDC04FC05E388FC40FD51" box="[940,994,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
on Malesian
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FB79E388FAC3FD52" box="[1232,1377,712,738]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
. The somewhat detailed account of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FDAAE3B0FD32FCBA" box="[515,656,752,778]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
systematics on a global basis presented in the multi-author treatment of the order in the '
<emphasis id="B941EAC7FFEDDC04FE1AE258FC72FC81" box="[435,976,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology</emphasis>
' series (Kristensen ed. 1998) also gives many references to identification literature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36D5FFEDDC04FF6FE228FED9FBFA" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1098]" pageId="32" pageNumber="731">
Many important internet resources for systematic Lepidopterology can be found at http://www.lepsoc.org/
<taxonomicName id="4C354D56FFEDDC04FF3EE2D0FEBCFC1A" box="[151,286,912,938]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="742" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
_websites_both.php. Of particular note are also the principal websites that give access to important classical descriptive literature, thereby greatly facilitating revisionary studies to workers who have no easy access to comprehensive libraries: ‘Biodiversity Heritage Library’ (http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/) and ‘Animal Base’ (http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/search#about); both are still in development
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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