treatments-xml/data/03/9C/87/039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907.xml

<document id="9588631D394E3DA5AEED1973422241CE" ID-CLB-Dataset="22058" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.171" ID-GBIF-Dataset="473de193-123e-49c7-95d8-011c75406e30" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832734" ID-ZooBank="2AE15A24-33C0-42F9-BC47-5A44DF36AE9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589831692801" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Nguyen, Thi Anh Duong, Abolafia, Joaquín, Bonkowski, Michael, Peña-Santiago, Reyes &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, Sergio" docDate="2016" docId="039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2016-171.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 171" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sectonema tropicum Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="014CA9CB-57EE-43BB-BBFF-0C1A7EBD522D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFA5FFE5F300924AFF8DFFF4FF82B86B" masterDocTitle="Two atypical new species of the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698840159084" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="DE5A37115C38090B4934E06BE4EBE5F2">Two atypical new species of the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AEC22C65E5BDAE8E1B0C82504FB3F08D">Nguyen, Thi Anh Duong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6A996926C611614ACA253924E726212">Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47 b, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam. Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ‘ Las Lagunillas’ s / n, Edificio B 3, 23071 Jaén, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C89A56671039292D43EA2D8E8C5FCA7A">Abolafia, Joaquín</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8C2FB82504BA01D89C7003586989FBA">Bonkowski, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5CF816805BC8E2A7049CA4B6D49AE48">Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47 b, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam. Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ‘ Las Lagunillas’ s / n, Edificio B 3, 23071 Jaén, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BE73E852D1577922BD23EC7DB1CB9C80">Peña-Santiago, Reyes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF30BAE6F86E149BF7633369110B7F3A">Álvarez-Ortega, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BBCAFF0FC7F78F6C523F8149353C46D8">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3850207" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164167419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3850207" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:014CA9CB-57EE-43BB-BBFF-0C1A7EBD522D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C32F6500F3039249FDE0FDE4FB56BA24" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FDE0FDE4FC45BA40" blockId="3.[351,1236,528,625]" box="[621,967,528,555]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3039249FDE0FDE4FC45BA40" box="[621,967,528,555]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3039249FDE0FDE4FCE7BA41" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[621,869,528,554]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FDE0FDE4FCE7BA41" bold="true" box="[621,869,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sectonema tropicum</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="C32F6500F3039249FD39FDA3FC02BA1A" box="[692,896,599,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FD39FDA3FC02BA1A" blockId="3.[351,1236,528,625]" box="[692,896,599,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="130E2A0EF3039249FD39FDA3FC9EBA1A" box="[692,796,599,625]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionStartId-1="5.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionStartId-2="6.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-3="7.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox-0="[228,1332,286,1860]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1352,272,1846]" captionTargetBox-2="[200,1388,710,1879]" captionTargetBox-3="[200,1390,725,1844]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[224,1363,265,1890]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[228,1360,265,1854]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[189,1399,700,1890]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[189,1399,714,1854]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Sectonema tropicum sp. nov. (Line). A. Lip region in lateral surface view. B. Anterior region in mid-optical level, lateral view. C. Neck region. D. ♀, anterior genital branch. E. Vagina. F. ♁, posterior body region. G. ♀, posterior body region. H. ♀, entire. I. ♁, entire. J. Lateral guiding piece. K. Spicule." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Sectonema tropicum sp. nov. (LM). A, C, E. Anterior region in lateral, median view. B. Lip region in lateral, surface view. D. Neck region. F. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. G. Vagina. H. ♀, anterior genital branch. I. Vagina and anterior uterus containing sperm cells inside. J. Uterine egg. Scale bars: A–B, E, G = 10 μm; C, F, I–J = 20 μm; D, H = 50 μm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Sectonema tropicum sp. nov. (LM). A. ♁, posterior body region. B. ♀, posterior body region. C. ♀, caudal region. D. ♁, caudal region. E–G. Spicules, E–F also showing the lateral guiding piece. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C–G = 10 μm." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Sectonema tropicum sp. nov. (SEM, ♁). A. Lip region in ventral view. B. Lip region in frontal view. C. Lip region in lateral view. D. Lip region in sublateral view. E. Posterior body region in ventral view. F. Posterior body region in lateral view. G. Caudal region in sublateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 5 μm; E–F = 20 μm; G = 10 μm" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832736" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832738" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832740" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832743" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3832736/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3832738/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3832740/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3832743/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6B70330F3039249FCA4FDA3FC02BA1A" box="[809,896,599,625]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@9.[189,1398,358,1236]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of Sectonema tropicum sp. nov. Measurements in μm (except L, in mm), and in the form: mean ± standard deviation (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A6603F3099243FF30FEF8FD49B922" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="DF4A6603F3099243FF30FEF8FD49B922">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6500F3039249FF30FD6DFC5FBBDD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FD6DFEB4BAD8" blockId="3.[189,310,665,691]" box="[189,310,665,691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3039249FF30FD6DFEB4BAD8" bold="true" box="[189,310,665,691]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF30FD6DFEB4BAD8" bold="true" box="[189,310,665,691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FD3CFC5FBBDD" blockId="3.[189,1399,712,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The new species is characterized by a 
<quantity id="4CCD9B6EF3039249FD08FD3CFCB3BA89" box="[645,817,712,739]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.24" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.24" valueMin="2.56">2.56–3.24 mm</quantity>
long body, lip region hardly offset by very weak depression and 19–21 μm broad, odontostyle 20–21 μm long at its ventral side and 6.6–7.1 times as long as wide, 730–834 μm long neck, pharyngeal expansion 403–470 μm long or occupying 52–59% of total neck length, uterus a simple tube-like structure 150–242 μm long or 1.2–2.5 times the body diameter, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF30FCA2FE5BBB04" box="[189,473,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pars refringens vaginae</emphasis>
present, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FDC5FCA2FDDBBB04" box="[584,601,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">V</emphasis>
= 48–52, short (32–39 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FC3CFCA2FC3CBB04" box="[945,958,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
= 70–88, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FBB1FCA2FBD1BB1B" box="[1084,1107,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6) and rounded female tail, male tail similar to that of female (31–40 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FC09FC8EFC13BBF8" box="[900,913,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
= 73–91, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FB9DFC8DFBA5BBF8" box="[1040,1063,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6), 91–97 μm long spicules, and only one weakly developed ventromedian supplement.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6500F3039249FF30FC2AFB0EBC4C" box="[189,1164,990,1063]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FC2AFEC6BB93" blockId="3.[189,324,990,1016]" box="[189,324,990,1016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3039249FF30FC2AFEC6BB93" bold="true" box="[189,324,990,1016]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF30FC2AFEC6BB93" bold="true" box="[189,324,990,1016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FBF9FB0EBC4C" blockId="3.[189,1164,1037,1063]" box="[189,1164,1037,1063]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The specific epithet refers to the tropical area where the new species was collected.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6500F3039249FF30FBBBFB35BDC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FBBBFE6EBC03" blockId="3.[189,492,1102,1129]" box="[189,492,1102,1129]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3039249FF30FBBBFE6EBC03" bold="true" box="[189,492,1102,1129]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF30FBBBFE6EBC03" bold="true" box="[189,492,1102,1129]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF67FB89FEDEBCFC" blockId="3.[189,1398,1149,1282]" box="[234,348,1149,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CD6F3039249FF67FB89FEDEBCFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4433210301" box="[234,348,1149,1175]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.607779" location="Machilus" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.870834" municipality="Pia Oac Natural Reserve" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cao Bang Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF67FB89FEDEBCFC" bold="true" box="[234,348,1149,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="548E8829F3039249FF67FB89FEDEBCFC" box="[234,348,1149,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FB55FA93BD6A" blockId="3.[189,1398,1149,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="F322761BF3039249FF30FB55FECBBCD0" box="[189,329,1185,1211]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D33FD02F3039249FEDAFB55FEEFBCD0" box="[343,365,1185,1211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, in acceptable state of preservation, Northern Vietnam, 
<collectingRegion id="49F1F869F3039249FB94FB55FA85BCD0" box="[1049,1287,1185,1211]" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cao Bang Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACF1F3039249FA9AFB55FEFCBCB4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pia Oac Natural Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE01504CF3039249FE06FB30FDAFBCB4" box="[395,557,1220,1247]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="28" value="22.607779">22º 36’28’’ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE01504CF3039249FDB4FB30FD64BCB4" box="[569,742,1220,1247]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="15" value="105.870834">105º 52’15’’ E</geoCoordinate>
, tropical evergreen forest soil associated with 
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<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FA84FB30FAF4BCB5" box="[1289,1398,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<location id="8EEA6050F3039249FA84FB30FAF4BCB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907:8EEA6050F3039249FA84FB30FAF4BCB5" box="[1289,1398,1220,1246]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.607779" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.870834" municipality="Pia Oac Natural Reserve" name="Machilus" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Cao Bang Province">Machilus</location>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D33FD02F3039249FF30FB1CFF5CBD69" box="[189,222,1256,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3039249FE9AFB1CFE2ABD6A" authorityName="Loureiro" authorityYear="1790" box="[279,424,1256,1281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dimocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FE9AFB1CFE2ABD6A" box="[279,424,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<location id="8EEA6050F3039249FE9AFB1CFE2ABD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907:8EEA6050F3039249FE9AFB1CFE2ABD6A" box="[279,424,1256,1281]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.607779" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.870834" municipality="Pia Oac Natural Reserve" name="Dimocarpus" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Cao Bang Province">Dimocarpus</location>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D33FD02F3039249FE3DFB1CFE51BD69" box="[432,467,1256,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
, deposited in the nematode collection of the 
<location id="8EEA6050F3039249FC6DFB13FB38BD69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907:8EEA6050F3039249FC6DFB13FB38BD69" box="[992,1210,1255,1282]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.607779" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.870834" municipality="Pia Oac Natural Reserve" name="University of Jaen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Cao Bang Province">University of Jaén</location>
, 
<location id="8EEA6050F3039249FB4BFB13FA8FBD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C879DF3039241FDE0FDE4FC72B907:8EEA6050F3039249FB4BFB13FA8FBD6A" box="[1222,1293,1255,1281]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.607779" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.870834" municipality="Pia Oac Natural Reserve" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Cao Bang Province">Spain</location>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF67FADDFEE5BD28" blockId="3.[189,1399,1321,1454]" box="[234,359,1321,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF67FADDFEE5BD28" bold="true" box="[234,359,1321,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="548E8829F3039249FF67FADDFEE5BD28" box="[234,359,1321,1347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FAB9FB35BDC5" blockId="3.[189,1399,1321,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="F322761BF3039249FF30FAB9FECBBD0C" box="[189,329,1357,1383]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D33FD02F3039249FED5FAB9FE1CBD0C" box="[344,414,1357,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 3 ♁♁, in acceptable state of preservation, same data as 
<typeStatus id="548E8829F3039249FBECFAB9FB49BD0C" box="[1121,1227,1357,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D33FD02F3039249FB56FAB9FA89BD0C" box="[1243,1291,1357,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 1 ♁, in acceptable state of preservation, same locality, deposited in the nematode collection of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, 
<collectingRegion id="49F1F869F3039249FDECFA67FD2EBDC6" box="[609,684,1427,1453]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Noi" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hanoi</collectingRegion>
, Vietnam; 1 ♁, same locality, used for SEM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6500F3039243FF30FA21FC3FBF8F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF30FA21FECCBD84" blockId="3.[189,334,1493,1519]" box="[189,334,1493,1519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3039249FF30FA21FECCBD84" bold="true" box="[189,334,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF30FA21FECCBD84" bold="true" box="[189,334,1493,1519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3039249FF67F9F0FEB0BE75" blockId="3.[189,1399,1540,2027]" box="[234,306,1540,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3039249FF67F9F0FEB0BE75" bold="true" box="[234,306,1540,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Adult</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF303924DFF30F9D3FF7BB9E4" blockId="3.[189,1399,1540,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1399,267,399]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Moderately slender to slender nematodes of medium to big size, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B6EF3039249FC3BF9D3FBE3BE29" box="[950,1121,1575,1602]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.24" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.24" valueMin="2.56">2.56–3.24 mm</quantity>
long. Body cylindrical, distinctly tapering towards the anterior end, less so towards the posterior end as the caudal region is short and rounded. Habitus curved ventrad after fixation, especially in posterior body region, C-, G- or spiral-shaped. Cuticle 3.0–4.5 μm thick at anterior region, 5–6 μm in mid-body and 8–10 μm on tail; consisting of three layers, especially distinguishable at caudal region: thinner outer layer bearing very fine transverse striation across the entire body, thicker intermediate layer with radial striation, and thin inner layer. Lateral chords 13–21 μm wide at mid-body, occupying about one-sixth (13–18%) of midbody diameter. Two ventral and two dorsal body pores often present at level of odontostyle-odontophore. Lip region hardly offset from the adjacent body by weak, but perceptible depression, 2.8–3.0 times wider than high and up to one-fourth (17–25%) of body diameter at neck base; lips (under SEM) mostly amalgamated, but their perioral part distinctly separated by the existence of six radial, interlabial, deep incisures delimiting six perceptible liplets; button-like labial papillae, the inner ones located at the margin of the oral field and surrounded by two or three concentric annuli, whereas the outer papillae, located a little behind the inner papillae, are surrounded by only one annulus; cephalic papillae pore- rather than button-like, also surrounded by only one ring-like annulus; oral aperture a dorso-ventral, slightly hexagonal orifice, the lip region hence showing a bi-radial symmetry. Amphid fovea cup-shaped, its opening occupying 9–10 μm or less than one-half (43–49%) of lip region diameter. Cheilostom nearly cylindrical, without any differentiation. Stomatal protruding structure apparently a reduced odontostyle 6.6–7.1 times longer than wide (see: Remarks), its ventral side 1.0–1.1 times longer than lip region diameter and 0.65–0.83% of body length. Guiding ring simple, plicate, at 0.8–0.9 lip region diameters from the anterior end. Odontophore linear, rod-like, 1.7–1.9 times the odontostyle length, somewhat irregular at its base and with (in lateral view) the ventral side slightly longer than the dorsal one (
<figureCitation id="130E2A0EF306924CFACAFDD1FF67BA09" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,272,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[228,1360,265,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Sectonema tropicum sp. nov. (LM). A, C, E. Anterior region in lateral, median view. B. Lip region in lateral, surface view. D. Neck region. F. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. G. Vagina. H. ♀, anterior genital branch. I. Vagina and anterior uterus containing sperm cells inside. J. Uterine egg. Scale bars: A–B, E, G = 10 μm; C, F, I–J = 20 μm; D, H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832738/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Anterior region of pharynx enlarging very gradually; basal expansion 7.1–10.7 times longer than wide, 3.6–5.6 times as long as body diameter, and occupying 52–59% of total neck length; gland nuclei often obscure, located as follows: DN = 60–62 (n = 4); S 
<subScript id="17B134CEF307924DFCC7FEE9FCD1B940" attach="both" box="[842,851,285,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
N 
<subScript id="17B134CEF307924DFCE5FEE9FCF3B940" attach="left" box="[872,881,285,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
= 75 (n = 2); S 
<subScript id="17B134CEF307924DFB90FEE9FBA4B940" attach="right" box="[1053,1062,285,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
N 
<subScript id="17B134CEF307924DFBB7FEE9FBC1B940" attach="left" box="[1082,1091,285,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
= obscure; S 
<subScript id="17B134CEF307924DFB54FEE9FB60B940" attach="both" box="[1241,1250,285,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
N = obscure. Nerve ring located at 182–216 μm from anterior end or 25–26% of total neck length. Cardia rounded conoid, 13–17 × 13–17 μm; a weak ring-like structure is present surrounding its junction to pharyngeal base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A6603F304924EFF30F87FFAF5BF80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1931,1957]" targetBox="[228,1332,286,1860]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF304924EFF30F87FFAF5BF80" blockId="4.[189,1399,1931,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFF30F87FFE89BFCE" bold="true" box="[189,267,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F304924EFE9EF87FFD81BFCE" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[275,515,1931,1957]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFE9EF87FFD81BFCE" box="[275,515,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sectonema tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F304924EFD86F878FDE4BFCD" box="[523,614,1932,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Line). 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFD4BF87FFD59BFCE" bold="true" box="[710,731,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
. Lip region in lateral surface view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFB0DF87FFB16BFCE" bold="true" box="[1152,1172,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. Anterior region in mid-optical level, lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFDA5F85AFDBFBFA3" bold="true" box="[552,573,1966,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
. Neck region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFD67F85AFD7DBFA3" bold="true" box="[746,767,1966,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
. ♀, anterior genital branch. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFBC4F85AFBDFBFA3" bold="true" box="[1097,1117,1966,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
. Vagina. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFB47F85AFB5EBFA3" bold="true" box="[1226,1244,1966,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
. ♁, posterior body region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFEDAF825FEECBF80" bold="true" box="[343,366,2001,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G</emphasis>
. ♀, posterior body region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFD24F826FD42BF87" bold="true" box="[681,704,2002,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H</emphasis>
. ♀, entire. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFCCFF826FCCFBF87" bold="true" box="[834,845,2002,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I</emphasis>
. ♁, entire. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFC5DF826FC5DBF87" bold="true" box="[976,991,2002,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J</emphasis>
. Lateral guiding piece. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F304924EFB7FF826FA8BBF87" bold="true" box="[1266,1289,2002,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">K</emphasis>
. Spicule.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A6603F305924FFF30F893FCB8BF80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832738/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[235,1352,272,1846]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF305924FFF30F893FCB8BF80" blockId="5.[189,1399,1895,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFF30F893FE8BBFEA" bold="true" box="[189,265,1895,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F305924FFE83F89CFE7EBFEA" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[270,508,1896,1922]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFE83F89CFE7EBFEA" box="[270,508,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sectonema tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F305924FFD8FF89CFDD9BFE9" box="[514,603,1896,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(LM). 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFD21F893FD43BFEA" bold="true" box="[684,705,1895,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFD42F893FD66BFEA" bold="true" box="[719,740,1895,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFD7CF893FC87BFEA" bold="true" box="[753,773,1895,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
. Anterior region in lateral, median view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFB51F893FB72BFEA" bold="true" box="[1244,1264,1895,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
. Lip region in lateral, surface view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFE68F87EFE78BFCF" bold="true" box="[485,506,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
. Neck region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFD39F87EFD44BFCF" bold="true" box="[692,710,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
. Pharyngo-intestinal junction. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFBB1F87EFBD1BFCF" bold="true" box="[1084,1107,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
. Vagina. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFB44F87EFB62BFCF" bold="true" box="[1225,1248,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H</emphasis>
. ♀, anterior genital branch. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFEF8F85AFE02BFA3" bold="true" box="[373,384,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
. Vagina and anterior uterus containing sperm cells inside. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F305924FFBB6F85AFBC8BFA3" bold="true" box="[1083,1098,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">J</emphasis>
. Uterine egg. Scale bars: A–B, E, G = 10 μm; C, F, I–J = 20 μm; D, H = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A6603F306924CFF30F87EFD1FBF80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832740/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[200,1388,710,1879]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF306924CFF30F87EFD1FBF80" blockId="6.[189,1399,1928,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFF30F87EFE8EBFCF" bold="true" box="[189,268,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F306924CFE9BF87FFD85BFCF" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[278,519,1931,1957]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFE9BF87FFD85BFCF" box="[278,519,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sectonema tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F306924CFD9DF87FFDEFBFCE" box="[528,621,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(LM). 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFD4BF87EFD59BFCF" bold="true" box="[710,731,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
. ♁, posterior body region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFBA9F87EFBBABFCF" bold="true" box="[1060,1080,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
. ♀, posterior body region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFF30F859FF50BFAC" bold="true" box="[189,210,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
. ♀, caudal region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFE34F85AFE4CBFA3" bold="true" box="[441,462,1966,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
. ♁, caudal region. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F306924CFD38F859FD6CBFAC" bold="true" box="[693,750,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E–G</emphasis>
. Spicules, E–F also showing the lateral guiding piece. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C–G = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF307924DFF67FE43FEC7B9BA" blockId="7.[189,1399,439,641]" box="[234,325,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFF67FE43FEC7B9BA" bold="true" box="[234,325,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3079242FF30FE2DFBA8BAEC" blockId="7.[189,1399,439,641]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,267,647]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, with almost equally and well developed branches, the anterior 320–442 μm or 12–15% of body length and the posterior 348, 440 μm (n = 2) or 14, 16% of body length (447, 509 μm or 15, 17% bearing one uterine egg inside). Reflexed ovaries well developed, often surpassing the sphincter level, the anterior 182–319 μm, the posterior 207–380 μm long; oocytes arranged first in two or more rows, then in a single row. Oviduct 124–174 μm long or 1.1–1.8 times the corresponding body diameter, and consisting of a slender part made of prismatic cells and a moderately developed 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FECDFEC4FE63B922" box="[320,481,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars dilatata,</emphasis>
with visible lumen and often containing sperm cells inside. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by a sphincter. Uterus a simple, tube-like structure 150–190 μm long or 1.2–1.7 times the corresponding body diameter [223, 242 μm (n = 2) long or 2.2, 2.5 times the corresponding body diameter, with one uterine egg inside; and 231, 240 μm (n = 1) long, with two uterine eggs], always containing abundant sperm cells inside. Vagina extending inwards 52–57 μm or one-half to foursevenths (48–57%) of body diameter: 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FDFAFE14FCAFB992" box="[631,813,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars proximalis</emphasis>
33–43 × 23–28 μm, with somewhat sigmoid walls surrounded by weak musculature; 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FDD2FDF0FC97BA76" box="[607,789,515,541]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars refringens</emphasis>
with two trapezoidal pieces measuring (in optical section) 13–16 × 7–9 μm and with a combined width of 24–28 μm; 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FC40FDD3FBDFBA2B" box="[973,1117,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars distalis</emphasis>
5.5–7.0 μm long. Vulva a nearly equatorial transverse slit. Prerectum 2.0–2.4, rectum 0.7–1.0 anal body diameters long. Tail short and rounded; two pairs of caudal pores, sublateral and close together.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A6603F307924DFF30F893FDB6BF80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3832743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3832743/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[200,1390,725,1844]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF307924DFF30F893FDB6BF80" blockId="7.[189,1399,1893,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFF30F893FE8EBFEA" bold="true" box="[189,268,1895,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F307924DFE99F89CFD87BFEA" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[276,517,1896,1922]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFE99F89CFD87BFEA" box="[276,517,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sectonema tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F307924DFD80F89CFDEBBFE9" box="[525,617,1896,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SEM, ♁). 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFD7AF893FC8EBFEA" bold="true" box="[759,780,1895,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. Lip region in ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFBECF893FBF7BFEA" bold="true" box="[1121,1141,1895,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
. Lip region in frontal view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFE8EF87EFE9ABFCF" bold="true" box="[259,280,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
. Lip region in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFDD0F87EFDF0BFCF" bold="true" box="[605,626,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
. Lip region in sublateral view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFC6DF87EFC76BFCF" bold="true" box="[992,1012,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
. Posterior body region in ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFE89F85AFE94BFA3" bold="true" box="[260,278,1966,1992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F</emphasis>
. Posterior body region in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F307924DFD6BF859FD7FBFAC" bold="true" box="[742,765,1965,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G</emphasis>
. Caudal region in sublateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 5 μm; E–F = 20 μm; G = 10 μm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3089242FF67FD5BFEA8BAA2" blockId="8.[189,1399,687,1137]" box="[234,298,687,713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FF67FD5BFEA8BAA2" bold="true" box="[234,298,687,713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3089242FF30FD26FCB6BC1A" blockId="8.[189,1399,687,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Genital system diorchic, with opposite testes. In addition to the ad-cloacal pair, situated at 18–21 μm from cloacal aperture, one weakly developed ventromedian supplement, lying out the range of retracted spicules and located at 80–131 μm from the ad-cloacal pair. Spicules distinctly robust and massive, especially in its posterior half, 3.6–4.2 times its maximum width, 1.4–1.6 times the body diameter at level of the cloacal aperture: dorsal contour regularly convex, ventral contour slightly concave, with distinct hump and hollow; curvature 121–124°; head occupying 11–16% of spicule total length, its dorsal side visibly curved at its anterior end and longer than the ventral one, which is shorter and almost straight; median piece 5.4–6.2 times longer than wide, occupying 51–59% of spicule maximum width, reaching the posterior tip; posterior end 7–8 μm wide. Lateral guiding pieces 23–29 μm long, 5.3– 7.1 times longer than wide. Prerectum 3.2–4.6, cloaca 0.9–1.3 times the corresponding body width long. Cloacal aperture, as seen under SEM, a curved anteriad, transverse slit. Tail similar to that of female; caudal pores two pairs, one lateral, another subdorsal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3089242FF30FB6CFEE5BCD9" blockId="8.[189,359,1176,1202]" box="[189,359,1176,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3089242FF30FB6CFEE5BCD9" bold="true" box="[189,359,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FF30FB6CFEE5BCD9" bold="true" box="[189,359,1176,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Relationships</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3089243FF30FB33FDC5BD1A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1223,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,1295,1393]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
In having a long stomatal protruding structure (20–21 μm at its ventral side) and short (
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FB3AFB33FB4CBC8A" box="[1207,1230,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
up to 1.0) and rounded tail, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FED7FB1FFE63BD6F" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[346,481,1259,1285]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FED7FB1FFE63BD6F" box="[346,481,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F3089242FE65FB1FFDC6BD6E" box="[488,580,1259,1285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FC68FB1FFA83BD6E" authority="Altherr, 1965" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1965" box="[997,1281,1258,1285]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="demani">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FC68FB1FFBDBBD6F" box="[997,1113,1258,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. demani</emphasis>
Altherr, 1965
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FA83FB1FFEE1BD43" authority="Altherr, 1968" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1968" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="heynsi">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FA83FB1FFAF4BD6F" box="[1294,1398,1258,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. heynsi</emphasis>
Altherr, 1968
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FEF8FAFAFD73BD43" authority="Goodey, 1951" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1951" box="[373,753,1293,1320]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rotundicauda">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FEF8FAFAFDB4BD43" box="[373,566,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. rotundicauda</emphasis>
Goodey, 1951
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FC89FAFAFF7ABD27" authority="Pena-Santiago &amp; Alvarez-Ortega, 2015" authorityName="Pena-Santiago &amp; Alvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2015" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="septentrionale">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FC89FAFAFC4DBD43" box="[772,975,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. septentrionale</emphasis>
Peña-Santiago &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B7AF3089242FB34FAF8FF7ABD27" author="Alvarez-Ortega S. &amp; Nguyen T. A. D. &amp; Abolafia J. &amp; Vu T. T. T. &amp; Pena-Santiago R." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref8559" refString="Alvarez-Ortega S., Nguyen T. A. D., Abolafia J., Vu T. T. T. &amp; Pena-Santiago R. 2015. Three new species of the genus Aporcelaimoides Heyns, 1965 from Vietnam (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae), and an updated taxonomy of the genus. ZooKeys 516: 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 516.10087" type="journal article" year="2015">Álvarez-Ortega, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FEB8FAC5FD9FBD20" authority="Clark, 1964" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1964" box="[309,541,1329,1355]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sica">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FEB8FAC5FE06BD20" box="[309,388,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. sica</emphasis>
Clark, 1964
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be distinguished from all of them in its smaller general size (body length 
<quantity id="4CCD9B6EF3089242FEEDFAA0FD92BD04" box="[352,528,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.24" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.24" valueMin="2.56">2.56–3.24 mm</quantity>
, neck 730–834 μm long vs more than 
<quantity id="4CCD9B6EF3089242FC64FAA0FBB1BD04" box="[1001,1075,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, more than 1000 μm long, respectively), nearly continuous lip region (vs offset by a more or less deep constriction) and stomatal protruding structure of different nature (a reduced odontostyle vs a mural tooth; see Remarks). Besides, the new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FD9AFA4BFD0EBDB3" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1965" box="[535,652,1470,1497]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="demani">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FD9AFA4BFD0EBDB3" box="[535,652,1470,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. demani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see recent re-description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B7AF3089242FC63FA4AFE8BBD96" author="Pena-Santiago R. &amp; Alvarez-Ortega S." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref9292" refString="Pena-Santiago R. &amp; Alvarez-Ortega S. 2014 b. Re-description of three species of the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) originally studied by E. Altherr. Zootaxa 3881: 63 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3881.1.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega 2014b</bibRefCitation>
) in its less slender (
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FD8DFA17FD8DBD97" box="[512,527,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
= 21–36 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FD21FA17FD39BD97" box="[684,699,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
= 48–56) body, narrower (19–21 vs 27–28 μm broad) lip region, shorter pharyngeal expansion (occupying 52–59 vs 68–69% of total neck length), shorter female tail (32–39 vs 51–55 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FE62F9DDFD84BE28" box="[495,518,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FD24F9DDFD42BE28" box="[681,704,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
= 0.7–0.8), and male present (vs absent). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FAEDF9DDFE8ABE0D" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1968" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="heynsi">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FAEDF9DDFE8ABE0D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. heynsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see recent re-description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B7AF3089242FDF9F9B8FBD7BE0C" author="Pena-Santiago R. &amp; Alvarez-Ortega S." box="[628,1109,1610,1639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref9292" refString="Pena-Santiago R. &amp; Alvarez-Ortega S. 2014 b. Re-description of three species of the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) originally studied by E. Altherr. Zootaxa 3881: 63 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3881.1.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega 2014b</bibRefCitation>
) in its narrower (19–21 vs 28 μm broad) lip region, circumoral area lacking (vs bearing) cilia- or setae-like structures, shorter pharyngeal expansion (occupying 52–59 vs 68% of total neck length), shorter (32–39 vs 54 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FACBF967FADFBEC6" box="[1350,1373,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FEC9F942FED9BEBB" box="[324,347,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
= 0.7) female tail, and male present (vs absent). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FBFCF942FAADBEBB" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1951" box="[1137,1327,1718,1744]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rotundicauda">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FBFCF942FAADBEBB" box="[1137,1327,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. rotundicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its less slender (
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FED6F92EFEE8BE98" box="[347,362,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
= 21–36 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FD88F92EFD96BE98" box="[517,532,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
= 80) body, narrower (19–21 vs about 28 μm broad) lip region, shorter (31–40 vs 64 μm) male tail, fewer (one vs four) ventromedian supplements, and shorter (91–97 vs about 155 μm) spicules. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FDC3F8D4FC97BF51" authorityName="Pena-Santiago &amp; Alvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2015" box="[590,789,1824,1850]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="septentrionale">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FDC3F8D4FC97BF51" box="[590,789,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. septentrionale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its less slender (
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FB8DF8D5FB8DBF51" box="[1024,1039,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
= 21–36 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FB25F8D5FB35BF51" box="[1192,1207,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
= 47–64) body, narrower (19–21 vs 25–29 μm broad) lip region, shorter (occupying 52–59 vs 60–73% of total neck length) pharyngeal expansion, uterus simple (vs tripartite) and shorter (150–242 μm or 1.2–2.5 times the body diameter vs 370–493 μm or 2.9–4.3 times the corresponding body diameter), shorter (31–40 vs 40–62 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FECDF85AFED5BFA3" box="[320,343,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FE7FF85AFD8BBFA3" box="[498,521,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c’</emphasis>
= 0.6–0.8) tail, fewer (one vs 5–11) ventromedian supplements, and shorter (91–97 vs 100–145 μm) spicules. Finally, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3089242FCD1F825FC2BBF80" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1964" box="[860,937,2001,2027]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sica">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3089242FCD1F825FC2BBF80" box="[860,937,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. sica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its narrower (19–21 vs about 24 μm broad) lip region, shorter (occupying 52–59% vs two-thirds of total neck length) pharyngeal expansion, more posterior (
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FEF6FAC7FE0EBD27" box="[379,396,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V</emphasis>
= 48–52 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FD92FAC7FDB2BD27" box="[543,560,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V</emphasis>
= 40) vulva, shorter (32–39 vs 54 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FB8CFAC7FB9ABD26" box="[1025,1048,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FB34FAC7FB52BD26" box="[1209,1232,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c’</emphasis>
= 0.7) female tail, and male present (vs absent).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A6603F3099243FF30FEF8FD49B922" ID-Table-UUID="DF4A6603F3099243FF30FEF8FD49B922" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A6603F3099243FF30FEF8FD49B922" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[197,1339,370,1232]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3099243FF30FEF8FD49B922" blockId="9.[189,1399,267,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF30FEF8FE9DB94E" bold="true" box="[189,287,267,294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FE72FEF8FD6CB94E" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[511,750,268,294]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FE72FEF8FD6CB94E" box="[511,750,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sectonema tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F3099243FD79FEF8FCCCB94D" box="[756,846,268,294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Measurements in μm (except L, in mm), and in the form: mean ± standard deviation (range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3099243FF48FE52FB7CBCBB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F935C42BF3096DB5FF48FE86FAB9BCBB" box="[197,1339,370,1232]" gridcols="5" gridrows="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FE86FAB9B9B9" box="[197,1339,370,466]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FE86FE32B9B9" box="[197,432,370,466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF48FE52FEACB9D7" bold="true" box="[197,302,422,444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FE4AFE86FDB5B9B9" box="[455,567,370,466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FE4AFE7DFDB5B9F4" bold="true" box="[455,567,393,415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Population</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FE86FD44B9B9" box="[617,710,370,466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FDE4FE6CFD23B9B9" bold="true" box="[617,710,408,466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Holotype ♀</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFE86FAB9B9B9" box="[754,1339,370,466]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FD7FFE87FB66B9B9" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cao Bằng Province (Pia Oac Natural Reserve) Paratypes 5 ♀♀ 5 ♁♁</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FE15FAB9B99C" box="[197,1339,481,503]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FE15FE32B99C" box="[197,432,481,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFE15FF55B99D" bold="true" box="[199,215,481,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FE15FD44B99C" box="[617,710,481,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.04</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFE15FC76B99C" box="[754,1012,481,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.81 ± 0.19 (2.57–3.05)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFE15FAB9B99C" box="[1111,1339,481,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.87 ± 0.31 (2.56–3.24)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FDF1FAB9BA77" box="[197,1339,517,540]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FDF1FE32BA77" box="[197,432,517,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFDF2FF51BA70" bold="true" box="[199,211,518,539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FDF1FD44BA77" box="[617,710,517,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">31</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFDF1FC76BA77" box="[754,1012,517,540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">24.9 ± 4.7 (21–31)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFDF1FAB9BA77" box="[1111,1339,517,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29.0 ± 5.9 (23–36)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FDDEFAB9BA2B" box="[197,1339,554,576]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FDDEFE32BA2B" box="[197,432,554,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFDDEFF56BA54" bold="true" box="[199,212,554,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">b</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FDDEFD44BA2B" box="[617,710,554,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">?</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFDDEFC76BA2B" box="[754,1012,554,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.7 ± 0.2 (3.4–3.9)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFDDEFAB9BA2B" box="[1111,1339,554,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.7 ± 0.3 (3.4–3.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FDBAFAB9BA0F" box="[197,1339,590,612]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FDBAFE32BA0F" box="[197,432,590,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFDBAFF50BA08" bold="true" box="[199,210,590,611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FDBAFD44BA0F" box="[617,710,590,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">87</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFDBAFC76BA0F" box="[754,1012,590,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">79.4 ± 6.5 (70–88)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFDBAFAB9BA0F" box="[1111,1339,590,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">81.3 ± 7.0 (73–91)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FD86FAB9BAE3" box="[197,1339,626,648]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FD86FE32BAE3" box="[197,432,626,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFD86FF58BAE3" bold="true" box="[199,218,626,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c’</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FD86FD44BAE3" box="[617,710,626,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFD86FC76BAE3" box="[754,1012,626,648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6 ± 0.0 (0.5–0.6)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFD86FAB9BAE3" box="[1111,1339,626,648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6 ± 0.1 (0.5–0.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FD62FAB9BAC7" box="[197,1339,662,684]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FD62FE32BAC7" box="[197,432,662,684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFD63FF5ABAC7" bold="true" box="[199,216,663,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FD62FD44BAC7" box="[617,710,662,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">50</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFD62FC76BAC7" box="[754,1012,662,684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">50.6 ± 1.5 (48–52)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFD62FAB9BAC7" box="[1111,1339,662,684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FD4EFAB9BAB9" box="[197,1339,698,722]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FD4EFE32BAB9" box="[197,432,698,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFD4EFEF3BABB" bold="true" box="[199,369,698,720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lip region diam.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FD4EFD44BAB9" box="[617,710,698,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFD4EFC76BAB9" box="[754,1012,698,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.1 ± 0.6 (20–21)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFD4EFAB9BAB9" box="[1111,1339,698,722]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.1 ± 0.6 (19–21)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FD14FAB9BA9C" box="[197,1339,736,759]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FD14FDB5BA9C" box="[197,567,736,759]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFD14FDA2BA9D" bold="true" box="[199,544,736,758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Odontostyle length at ventral side</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FD14FD44BA9C" box="[617,710,736,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">21</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFD14FC76BA9C" box="[754,1012,736,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.6 ± 0.6 (20–21)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFD14FAB9BA9C" box="[1111,1339,736,759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.7 ± 0.5 (20–21)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FCF1FAB9BB70" box="[197,1339,773,795]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FCF1FDB5BB70" box="[197,567,773,795]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFCF1FD95BB70" bold="true" box="[199,535,773,795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Odontostyle length at dorsal side</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FCF1FD44BB70" box="[617,710,773,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">23</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFCF1FC76BB70" box="[754,1012,773,795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">22.5 ± 0.5 (22–23)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFCF1FAB9BB70" box="[1111,1339,773,795]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">22.5 ± 0.4 (22–23)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FCDDFAB9BB54" box="[197,1339,809,831]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FCDDFE32BB54" box="[197,432,809,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFCDDFE14BB55" bold="true" box="[199,406,809,831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Odontophore length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FCDDFD44BB54" box="[617,710,809,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">36</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFCDDFC76BB54" box="[754,1012,809,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">36.0 ± 1.0 (35–38)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFCDDFAB9BB54" box="[1111,1339,809,831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">35.3 ± 0.7 (34–36)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FCB9FAB9BB0F" box="[197,1339,845,868]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FCB9FDB5BB0F" box="[197,567,845,868]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFCB9FE5EBB08" bold="true" box="[199,476,845,867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guiding ring from ant. end</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FCB9FD44BB0F" box="[617,710,845,868]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFCB9FC76BB0F" box="[754,1012,845,868]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.4 ± 0.6 (17–18)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFCB9FAB9BB0F" box="[1111,1339,845,868]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18.1 ± 0.1 (18–18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FC86FAB9BBE3" box="[197,1339,882,904]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FC86FE32BBE3" box="[197,432,882,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFC86FEC3BBEC" bold="true" box="[199,321,882,903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neck length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FC86FD44BBE3" box="[617,710,882,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">?</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFC86FC76BBE3" box="[754,1012,882,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">764 ± 23 (730–790)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFC86FAB9BBE3" box="[1111,1339,882,904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">801 ± 49 (745–834)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FC62FAB9BBC7" box="[197,1339,918,940]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FC62FDB5BBC7" box="[197,567,918,940]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFC62FE6DBBC0" bold="true" box="[199,495,918,940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pharyngeal expansion length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FC62FD44BBC7" box="[617,710,918,940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">?</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFC62FC76BBC7" box="[754,1012,918,940]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">427 ± 29 (403–468)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFC62FAB9BBC7" box="[1111,1339,918,940]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">448 ± 19 (436–470)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FC4EFAB9BBBA" box="[197,1339,954,977]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FC4EFE32BBBA" box="[197,432,954,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFC4EFE0ABBA4" bold="true" box="[199,392,954,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diam. at neck base</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FC4EFD44BBBA" box="[617,710,954,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">99</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFC4EFC76BBBA" box="[754,1012,954,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">103 ± 12 (91–116)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFC4EFAB9BBBA" box="[1111,1339,954,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">95 ± 11 (84–111)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FC2AFAB9BB9E" box="[197,1339,990,1013]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FC2AFE32BB9E" box="[197,432,990,1013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FE84FC2BFEFCBB9F" bold="true" box="[265,382,990,1012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">at midbody</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FC2AFD44BB9E" box="[617,710,990,1013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">99</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFC2AFC76BB9E" box="[754,1012,990,1013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">114 ± 14 (98–130)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFC2AFAB9BB9E" box="[1111,1339,990,1013]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">101 ± 12 (90–118)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FBF7FAB9BC72" box="[197,1339,1027,1049]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FBF7FE32BC72" box="[197,432,1027,1049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FE84FBF7FED1BC73" bold="true" box="[265,339,1027,1048]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">at anus</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FBF7FD44BC72" box="[617,710,1027,1049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">60</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFBF7FC76BC72" box="[754,1012,1027,1049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">64.4 ± 4.5 (61–72)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFBF7FAB9BC72" box="[1111,1339,1027,1049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">61.2 ± 2.1 (60–65)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FBD3FAB9BC55" box="[197,1339,1063,1086]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FBD3FE32BC55" box="[197,432,1063,1086]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFBD3FEFBBC57" bold="true" box="[199,377,1063,1084]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Prerectum length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FBD3FD44BC55" box="[617,710,1063,1086]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">143</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFBD3FC76BC55" box="[754,1012,1063,1086]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">136 ± 9 (126–150)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFBD3FAB9BC55" box="[1111,1339,1063,1086]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">228 ± 37 (189–277)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FBBFFAB9BC09" box="[197,1339,1099,1122]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FBBFFE32BC09" box="[197,432,1099,1122]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFBB8FE32BC0A" bold="true" box="[199,432,1099,1121]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rectum /cloacla length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FBBFFD44BC09" box="[617,710,1099,1122]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">54</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFBBFFC76BC09" box="[754,1012,1099,1122]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">53.8 ± 3.0 (52–59)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFBBFFAB9BC09" box="[1111,1339,1099,1122]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">66.3 ± 8.8 (53–77)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FB84FAB9BCED" box="[197,1339,1136,1158]" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FB84FE32BCED" box="[197,432,1136,1158]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFB84FEB6BCEE" bold="true" box="[199,308,1136,1158]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tail length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FB84FD44BCED" box="[617,710,1136,1158]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">35</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFB84FC76BCED" box="[754,1012,1136,1158]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">35.5 ± 3.3 (32–39)</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFB84FAB9BCED" box="[1111,1339,1136,1158]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">35.4 ± 3.0 (31–40)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FB60FAB9BCC0" box="[197,1339,1172,1195]" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FB60FE32BCC0" box="[197,432,1172,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFB60FED5BCC2" bold="true" box="[199,343,1172,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spicule length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FB60FD44BCC0" box="[617,710,1172,1195]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">–</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFB60FC76BCC0" box="[754,1012,1172,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">–</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFB60FAB9BCC0" box="[1111,1339,1172,1195]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">92.5 ± 2.6 (91–97)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534C9F3096DB5FF48FB4CFAB9BCBB" box="[197,1339,1208,1232]" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FF48FB4CFDB5BCBB" box="[197,567,1208,1232]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF4AFB4CFE5CBCA5" bold="true" box="[199,478,1208,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ventromedian supplements</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FDE4FB4CFD44BCBB" box="[617,710,1208,1232]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">–</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FD7FFB4CFC76BCBB" box="[754,1012,1208,1232]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">–</td>
<td id="76D45DB5F3096DB5FBDAFB4CFAB9BCBB" box="[1111,1339,1208,1232]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1 ± 0 (1–1)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3099243FF30FA64FA8DBEAF" blockId="9.[189,1399,1424,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Moreover, in having a lip region nearly continuous with the adjacent body, the new species resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FF30FA47FE70BDA6" authority="Siddiqi, 1984" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1984" box="[189,498,1459,1485]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mucrodens">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF30FA47FED1BDA6" box="[189,339,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. mucrodens</emphasis>
Siddiqi, 1984
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FDA5FA47FCB6BDA6" authority="Siddiqi, 1984" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1984" box="[552,820,1459,1485]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="truxum">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FDA5FA47FD11BDA6" box="[552,659,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. truxum</emphasis>
Siddiqi, 1984
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be easily distinguished from these by the more anterior position of the stomatal protruding structure (its anterior tip in front of the level of guiding ring, just behind the base of lip region vs its anterior tip distinctly behind the level of guiding ring, far from the lip region base) and 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FEF6F9E9FD04BE5D" box="[379,646,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pars refringens vaginae</emphasis>
well (vs faintly) developed. Moreover, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FB6DF9E9FAF4BE5D" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1984" box="[1248,1398,1564,1591]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mucrodens">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FB6DF9E9FAF4BE5D" box="[1248,1398,1564,1591]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. mucrodens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its shorter (730–834 vs 
<date id="FF8B104BF3099243FE7BF9CBFDF7BE31" box="[502,629,1599,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1086" valueMax="1157">1086–1157</date>
μm) neck, shorter (occupying 52–59 vs 69% of total neck length) pharyngeal expansion, shorter (32–39 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FD12F997FD37BE16" box="[671,693,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c’</emphasis>
= 0.5–0.6 vs 44–50 μm, 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FC40F997FC61BE16" box="[973,995,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c’</emphasis>
= 0.7) female tail, and male present (vs absent). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FE64F973FDD7BECB" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1984" box="[489,597,1671,1697]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="truxum">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FE64F973FDD7BECB" box="[489,597,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. truxum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its narrower (19–21 vs 24 μm broad) lip region, shorter (730–834 vs 837–1070 μm) neck, more anterior (
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FDDAF95EFDEABEA8" box="[599,616,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V</emphasis>
= 48–52 vs 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FD79F95EFC87BEA8" box="[756,773,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V</emphasis>
= 54–56) vulva, and male present (vs absent).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3099243FF30F91FFD92BF6F" blockId="9.[189,528,1770,1797]" box="[189,528,1770,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0C281E7F3099243FF30F91FFD92BF6F" bold="true" box="[189,528,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF30F91FFD92BF6F" bold="true" box="[189,528,1770,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Molecular characterisation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF3099243FF30F8EEFC3FBF8F" blockId="9.[189,1399,1817,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Two sequences of the D2–D 
<geoCoordinate id="EE01504CF3099243FD97F8EDFDDDBF58" box="[538,607,1817,1843]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="-3.4666667">3 28S</geoCoordinate>
rRNA gene were obtained from one female and one male. Both sequences are very similar (99%) and differ by two nucleotides only. The evolutionary relationships of the new species with representatives of the order 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FCB9F894FC4ABF11" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1942" box="[820,968,1888,1914]" class="Adenophorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="order">Dorylaimida</taxonomicName>
are presented in 
<figureCitation id="130E2A0EF3099243FB17F894FA84BF11" box="[1178,1286,1887,1914]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-1="11.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[203,1365,468,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1351,444,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[199,1389,457,1889]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[189,1398,433,1889]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus trees as inferred from D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequence alignments under the GTR + I + G model. Posterior probabilities are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated by bold letters." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Maximum Likelihood tree as inferred from D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequence alignments under the GTR + I + G model. Bootstrap values are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated by bold letters." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832745" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832747" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3832745/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3832747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
. The two 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FF30F877FECABFF6" authority="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega, 2016" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Abolafia &amp; Bonkowski &amp; Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega" authorityYear="2016" box="[189,328,1923,1949]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tropicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FF30F877FECABFF6" box="[189,328,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. tropicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257E2F3099243FED9F877FE31BFF6" box="[340,435,1923,1949]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sequences are clustered together with other available sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FB7AF877FAF4BFF6" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1930" box="[1271,1398,1923,1949]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FB7AF877FAF4BFF6" box="[1271,1398,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sectonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
representatives and form a highly supported clade together with members of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F3099243FB2EF852FAEDBFAB" authorityName="Lordello" authorityYear="1965" box="[1187,1391,1958,1984]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Metaporcelaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FB2EF852FAEDBFAB" box="[1187,1391,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Metaporcelaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thus confirming previous results (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B7AF3099243FDC8F833FC13BF88" author="Alvarez-Ortega S. &amp; Subbotin S. A. &amp; Pena-Santiago R." box="[581,913,1991,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="251 - 278" refId="ref8683" refString="Alvarez-Ortega S., Subbotin S. A. &amp; Pena-Santiago R. 2013 a. Morphological and molecular characterization of Californian species of the genus Metaporcelaimus Lordello, 1965 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae), with a new concept of the genus. Nematology 15 (3): 251 - 278. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685411 - 00002674" type="journal article" year="2013">
Álvarez-Ortega 
<emphasis id="B941EA99F3099243FC88F83EFCC2BF88" box="[773,832,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
, b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6500F30A9241FF30FEFFFC72B907" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF30A9240FF30FEFFFEADB94E" blockId="10.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C281E7F30A9240FF30FEFFFEADB94E" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F30A9240FF30FEFFFEADB94E" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A368BF30A9241FF30FECDFC72B907" blockId="10.[189,1398,313,410]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,267,365]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The nature of the stomatal protruding structure in the new species is difficult to interpret and deserves further explanation. The specimens examined bear a reduced odontostyle (comparable to that described in the 
<typeStatus id="548E8829F30A9240FE8AFE74FEB8B9F1" box="[263,314,384,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D08F30A9240FE10FE74FD38B9F1" authority="Thone, 1930" authorityName="Thone" authorityYear="1930" box="[413,698,384,410]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Sectonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ventrale">
<emphasis id="B941EA99F30A9240FE10FE74FD98B9F1" box="[413,538,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. ventrale</emphasis>
Thone, 1930
</taxonomicName>
; see recent description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B7AF30A9241FC7CFE74FE85B94E" author="Pena-Santiago R. &amp; Alvarez-Ortega S." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1097 - 1104" refId="ref9231" refString="Pena-Santiago R. &amp; Alvarez-Ortega S. 2014 a. Studies on the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae). Re-description of S. ventrale, the type species of the genus. Nematology 16 (9): 1097 - 1104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685411 - 00002837" type="journal article" year="2014">Peña-Santiago &amp; Álvarez-Ortega 2014a</bibRefCitation>
) rather than a mural tooth as the base of its dorsal side is visibly sclerotized and seems to join the dorsal stomatal wall (vs dorsal side not scletorized at the base, somewhat sigmoid and not joining the dorsal stomatal wall). Nonetheless, some doubt persists in this matter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>