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<document id="EBDFCDDF583D959E4562FB9FE5DCA033" ID-CLB-Dataset="26985" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6f362bc-4d6b-4e3a-b69a-a9e8392e6756" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2650112" ID-ZooBank="D9E64DD6-D675-4E25-B9B8-A44C14CE0B22" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556106999488" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Hoeksema, Bert W. &amp; Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="039C8788FFB6217EFE168BD3FDCE748C" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-519_oliveira_hoeksema_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Polysyncraton cabofriense Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="356E2138-BAED-47B4-8E06-8182B064EB7B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="28" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFA5FFF0FFBF2175FFCB8F2FFFB4710F" masterDocTitle="Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698723430310" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A9EA51841F4D7783A7E8B12A9788C98C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B3B0122F5584F6808F1604E2CFA7D6AC">
<mods:title id="D4C33EFC65519B22D3DC8BA5532F015A">Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="88C8513E8D620B945C22AE7BACC4F76D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3D3066BE577B9E147020CA0D7A1AA5EF">
<mods:roleTerm id="FDCEF19CD2F998B4896AECADDE35B33A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8BD5554113D109B9AC049E73AAFCD444">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6A3BD1F413F897E859034D2C05A5A1C9" type="LSID">2058206A-50D4-4956-8888-358701793D7F</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1DA8F3071A6F668FD17CAC2462E7D205">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B9558DA538752D28AFDE95FDB8F2C432" type="email">liviaoliveira@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D58B40C3428BEED7D4F5C533AEA41AFE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="37A850B6E8575227451A05E96082BB9F">
<mods:roleTerm id="C6D9AB66338A75C3D96F5A250D50E74E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E3EBDC36C357431A9814E79E9D704D3D">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDE7B9098F27AC1D1DBF6CBD8152E35D" type="LSID">548DBAFD-040B-4773-A043-6FCC466160A1</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="08599BFED890F58BC2256870D4910C7B">Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB770FC839B72B7F080D16F40CAA1299" type="email">bert.hoeksema@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2184EED16AAD222D7918E3BFBB444480" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B82817716D73F105447DF712158D15F1">
<mods:roleTerm id="579701ED4DA0AAAFD7511403031E79F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="04CAB72385E730872C1711E6705B4F1A">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F0DE0F16AF4649CBEACDA7781621DF1" type="LSID">E170DE7A-DB70-4E5B-8488-45FA680812DA</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9CB7EFD0B062A957E8D8FC280BDF9996">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="55DA9B3239B0923BEB098E6E6F5B4B6D" type="email">rmrocha@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DF175498EE8BE5820C035BFD7CF1927C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="32109F6E36CE926E09940546A075A7A7" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6414A21918010C978B9613A2E662A808">
<mods:title id="16EDAEE5AB4A909E69BCC406CB40BF07">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A30DF594C80E32F05C07A632FA3F69EF">
<mods:date id="056608D94CBD3DA31CDF0B994238772E">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BEB764FE64764E7D1B21A79A1165D373" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1D1FAF6C8596DAB899A9B0AFB9656F53">2019-04-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DC2FF8F3AA503A1A812448AE9672883E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A2DCE6E771DE1F69382DF049F5D467D9">519</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="AA05498D6DF970608D10505F40FD3D04" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C1665060DD95C3921BA8B1DA83DA0A35">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FC3A3F207B1C6702A12D1316DE30C4DF">25</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="89DE40CBD1A2B6505F00E81ED135AA10">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A231B7D8C1CAB3AB04B83937A3A67C7D" type="CLB-Dataset">26985</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F88E35697C574B0D98F5018647FFD8B0" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.519</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB94133C3DA7635C7FD565C449B00C06" type="GBIF-Dataset">c6f362bc-4d6b-4e3a-b69a-a9e8392e6756</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0321869C8288E5780D019952476AE3A7" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="112CE495442F2D5306AB0E2469D9B8C9" type="Zenodo-Dep">2650112</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F560BA240639ED951DF8DA49176497BE" type="ZooBank">D9E64DD6-D675-4E25-B9B8-A44C14CE0B22</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039C8788FFB6217EFE168BD3FDCE748C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156832915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167408" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:356E2138-BAED-47B4-8E06-8182B064EB7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFB6217EFE168BD3FDCE748C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB6217CFE168BD3FC887452" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFE168BD3FBE37418" blockId="9.[367,1220,1276,1373]" box="[477,1111,1276,1303]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB6217CFE168BD3FBE37418" box="[477,1111,1276,1303]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB6217CFE168BD3FC417419" authority="Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[477,1013,1276,1303]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabofriense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB6217CFE168BD3FCA97418" bold="true" box="[477,797,1276,1303]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Polysyncraton cabofriense</emphasis>
Oliveira &amp; Rocha
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB6217CFC378BD2FBE37418" box="[1020,1111,1277,1303]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFEA48A0FFC887452" blockId="9.[367,1220,1276,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<uri id="FFA43A9CFFB6217CFEA48A0FFB707434" box="[367,1220,1312,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF930C4BFFB6217CFD448A0FFB707434" box="[655,1220,1312,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">356E2138-BAED-47B4-8E06-8182B064EB7B</uuid>
</uri>
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB6217CFD3C8A6CFC887452" box="[759,828,1347,1373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,344,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,344,1805]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Polysyncraton cabofriense Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov. (DZUP POSC-50). a. Colony in situ. b. Colony surface (arrows indicating common cloacal apertures with lobes). c. Spicules. d. Thorax stained (big arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ and small arrow the atrial languet). e. Abdomen (arrow indicating the sperm duct coil). f. Larva. Scale bars: d–f = 0.1 mm. Photo (a) courtesy of L.S. Skinner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239951/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB6217CFF768AAAFCC274C1" box="[189,886,1413,1487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF768AAAFEF07490" blockId="9.[189,324,1413,1439]" box="[189,324,1413,1439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB6217CFF768AAAFEF07490" bold="true" box="[189,324,1413,1439]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB6217CFF768AAAFEF07490" bold="true" box="[189,324,1413,1439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF768A9BFCC274C1" blockId="9.[189,886,1460,1487]" box="[189,886,1460,1487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">The name refers to the region where the species was found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB6217CFF768AD9FE987658" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF768AD9FE1E771F" blockId="9.[189,426,1526,1552]" box="[189,426,1526,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB6217CFF768AD9FE1E771F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1526,1552]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB6217CFF768AD9FE1E771F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1526,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF21890AFAC37788" blockId="9.[189,1399,1573,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC3FFB6217CFF21890AFAC37788" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236933732" collectingDate="2014-05-07" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="L. F. Skinner" country="Brazil" county="Cabo Frio" elevation="10" latitude="-22.852777" location="Enseada do Pinguim" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.906113" municipality="Pargos Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="DID5.02" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548E883CFFB6217CFF21890AFEE87730" box="[234,348,1573,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB6217CFF21890AFEE87730" bold="true" box="[234,348,1573,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB6217CFF768966FE92776C" box="[189,294,1609,1635]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• 1 colony;
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87CFFB6217CFE0D8967FDCF776D" box="[454,635,1608,1634]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62EB4E12FFB6217CFD408967FCBD776D" box="[651,777,1608,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cabo Frio</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACE4FFB6217CFCD28966FC0B776D" box="[793,959,1608,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pargos Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEA6045FFB6217CFC048967FB78776D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C8788FFB6217EFE168BD3FDCE748C:8EEA6045FFB6217CFC048967FB78776D" box="[975,1228,1608,1634]" country="Brazil" county="Cabo Frio" latitude="-22.852777" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.906113" municipality="Pargos Island" name="Enseada do Pinguim" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Enseada do Pinguim</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE015059FFB6217CFB168968FAC5776C" box="[1245,1393,1607,1635]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" value="-22.852777">22°51′10″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE015059FFB6217CFF768945FEE27788" box="[189,342,1642,1671]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" value="-41.906113">41°54′22″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ~
<elevation id="0018D1ADFFB6217CFEA48943FE1D7788" box="[367,425,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB6217CFEA48943FE1D7788" box="[367,425,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth;
<collectingDate id="EFCFE9B6FFB6217CFE378942FD3C7789" box="[508,648,1644,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-05-07">
<date id="FF8B105EFFB6217CFE378942FD3C7789" box="[508,648,1644,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-05-07">7 May 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="26C05348FFB6217CFD598942FC947789" box="[658,800,1644,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L.F. Skinner</collectorName>
leg.; scuba;
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFC658942FC4E7788" box="[942,1018,1645,1671]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
POSC-50, slide
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFB7C8942FAB77788" box="[1207,1283,1645,1671]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB939EE5FFB6217CFAC38943FAC77788" box="[1288,1395,1644,1671]" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DID5.02</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF218981FED377C7" blockId="9.[189,1399,1710,1879]" box="[234,359,1710,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="548E883CFFB6217CFF218981FED377C7" box="[234,359,1710,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB6217CFF218981FED377C7" bold="true" box="[234,359,1710,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF7689FDFE987658" blockId="9.[189,1399,1710,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC3FFB6217CFF7689FDFECE761F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236933730" collectingDate="2014-05-07" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="L. F. Skinner" country="Brazil" county="Cabo Frio" elevation="10" latitude="-22.852777" location="Enseada do Pinguim" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.906113" municipality="Pargos Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="DID5.05" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB6217CFF7689FDFE9277E3" box="[189,294,1746,1772]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• 2 colonies; same collecting data as for holotype;
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFC5989FDFC6A77E3" box="[914,990,1746,1772]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
POSC-46,
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFBA289FDFB0177E3" box="[1129,1205,1746,1772]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
POSC-49, slide
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFF7689D9FEBD761F" box="[189,265,1782,1808]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB939EE5FFB6217CFED989DAFECE761F" box="[274,378,1781,1808]" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DID5.05</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC3FFB6217CFE5C89DAFE9C7658" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236933716" collectingDate="2014-05-06" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="L. F. Skinner" country="Brazil" elevation="8" latitude="-22.86139" location="Comprida Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.93667" municipality="Ponta Leste" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="DID5.03, DID5.04" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
2 colonies;
<location id="8EEA6045FFB6217CFDE889DAFD587600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C8788FFB6217EFE168BD3FDCE748C:8EEA6045FFB6217CFDE889DAFD587600" box="[547,748,1781,1807]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.86139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.93667" municipality="Ponta Leste" name="Comprida Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Comprida Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACE4FFB6217CFD3189D9FC3D761F" box="[762,905,1782,1808]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ponta Leste</collectingMunicipality>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE015059FFB6217CFC5389DCFB9E7600" box="[920,1066,1779,1807]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" value="-22.86139">22°51′41″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE015059FFB6217CFBF289DCFB62761F" box="[1081,1238,1779,1808]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" value="-41.93667">41°56′12″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ~
<elevation id="0018D1ADFFB6217CFB3E89DAFA90761F" box="[1269,1316,1781,1808]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="8.0">
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB6217CFB3E89DAFA90761F" box="[1269,1316,1781,1808]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth;
<collectingDate id="EFCFE9B6FFB6217CFF768836FEED763C" box="[189,345,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-05-06">
<date id="FF8B105EFFB6217CFF768836FEED763C" box="[189,345,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-05-06">6 May 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="26C05348FFB6217CFEA18836FDB5763C" box="[362,513,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L.F. Skinner</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFD858836FD2E763C" box="[590,666,1817,1843]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
POSC-47,
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFCE08836FCC3763C" box="[811,887,1817,1843]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
POSC-48, slides
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFB9C8836FB17763C" box="[1111,1187,1817,1843]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB939EE5FFB6217CFB648837FAAE763C" box="[1199,1306,1816,1843]" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DID5.03</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFB6217CFAE08836FAC3763C" box="[1323,1399,1817,1843]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB939EE5FFB6217CFF768813FE9C7658" box="[189,296,1852,1879]" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DID5.04</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB6217EFF768851FAC37281" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217CFF768851FEFA7697" blockId="9.[189,334,1918,1944]" box="[189,334,1918,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB6217CFF768851FEFA7697" bold="true" box="[189,334,1918,1944]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB6217CFF768851FEFA7697" bold="true" box="[189,334,1918,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB6217EFF768882FB7370DB" blockId="9.[189,1398,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,267,468]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Living colonies are yellowish, with a diameter of
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB6217CFD398882FCDC76C7" box="[754,872,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 15 cm</quantity>
and a thickness of
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB6217CFBF68882FB0576C7" box="[1085,1201,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 3 mm</quantity>
. When preserved in formalin, colonies usually lose their colour and become cream coloured, sometimes white. They have an irregular shape, molding themselves to the substrate. The colony surface has several common cloacal apertures, each one with short lobes (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB4217EFDA48E01FD017046" box="[623,693,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,344,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,344,1805]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Polysyncraton cabofriense Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov. (DZUP POSC-50). a. Colony in situ. b. Colony surface (arrows indicating common cloacal apertures with lobes). c. Spicules. d. Thorax stained (big arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ and small arrow the atrial languet). e. Abdomen (arrow indicating the sperm duct coil). f. Larva. Scale bars: d–f = 0.1 mm. Photo (a) courtesy of L.S. Skinner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239951/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
a–b). The tunic is firm, brittle and smooth. Green algae were observed on the surface of some colonies. Spicules are distributed in the whole tunic, with relatively high concentrations on each side of the thorax at the level of the lateral thoracic organ. There are two kinds of spicules: stellate,
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFE678EB9FD8870BE" box="[428,572,406,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="32.0">32 to 40 µm</quantity>
in diameter, with 6 or 7 blunt-tipped conical rays in transverse optical section; others are smaller (
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFE378E96FD3E70DB" box="[508,650,441,468]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25 to 28 µm</quantity>
in diameter), with round and short rays (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB4217EFBAE8E96FB0D70DB" box="[1125,1209,441,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,344,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,344,1805]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Polysyncraton cabofriense Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov. (DZUP POSC-50). a. Colony in situ. b. Colony surface (arrows indicating common cloacal apertures with lobes). c. Spicules. d. Thorax stained (big arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ and small arrow the atrial languet). e. Abdomen (arrow indicating the sperm duct coil). f. Larva. Scale bars: d–f = 0.1 mm. Photo (a) courtesy of L.S. Skinner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239951/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A6616FFB5217FFF76886CFEAA76E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239951/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1859,1885]" targetBox="[192,1399,344,1802]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB5217FFF76886CFEAA76E5" blockId="10.[189,1399,1859,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFF76886CFEBA7652" bold="true" box="[189,270,1859,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB5217FFED1886CFC887652" authority="Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,828,1859,1885]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabofriense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFED1886CFDEC7652" box="[282,600,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Polysyncraton cabofriense</emphasis>
Oliveira &amp; Rocha
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB5217FFC8C886BFC127651" box="[839,934,1860,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(DZUP POSC-50).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFB54886CFB1A7652" bold="true" box="[1183,1198,1859,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a</emphasis>
. Colony
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFAE9886BFADB7652" box="[1314,1391,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFF768848FF79768E" bold="true" box="[189,205,1895,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
. Colony surface (arrows indicating common cloacal apertures with lobes).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFBA28848FBC2768E" bold="true" box="[1129,1142,1895,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
. Spicules.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFB348848FABB768E" bold="true" box="[1279,1295,1895,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">d</emphasis>
. Thorax stained (big arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ and small arrow the atrial languet).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFB2388A5FB4176AB" bold="true" box="[1256,1269,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">e</emphasis>
. Abdomen (arrow indicating the sperm duct coil).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB5217FFD598882FD2876C8" bold="true" box="[658,668,1965,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">f</emphasis>
. Larva. Scale bars: d–f = 0.1 mm. Photo (a) courtesy of L.S. Skinner.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768ED5FC4173EA" blockId="11.[189,1398,506,741]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Zooids are 0.8 to 1.0 mm long. The oral siphon has six small triangular lobes. The atrial aperture is wide, exposing most of the pharynx. The atrial languet is pointed and thin (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB4217EFC388D32FBFD7337" box="[1011,1097,541,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,344,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,344,1805]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Polysyncraton cabofriense Oliveira &amp; Rocha sp. nov. (DZUP POSC-50). a. Colony in situ. b. Colony surface (arrows indicating common cloacal apertures with lobes). c. Spicules. d. Thorax stained (big arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ and small arrow the atrial languet). e. Abdomen (arrow indicating the sperm duct coil). f. Larva. Scale bars: d–f = 0.1 mm. Photo (a) courtesy of L.S. Skinner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239951/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
) or wide and rounded. In some specimens it was absent, probably lost during dissection. The lateral thoracic organs are circular, not protruding and localised between the first and second rows of stigmata on the border of the atrial aperture. The pharynx has seven stigmata in the first two half rows and six stigmata on the posterior two half rows. The muscular process is lacking. The testis is divided in three oval follicles surrounded by three coils of the sperm duct. The oocyte is single, measuring
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFC5F8DE4FC4573EA" box="[916,1009,715,741]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768C23FAC37281" blockId="11.[189,1399,780,911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The larvae are elliptical, gemmiparous, the trunk measuring 0.9 to 1.0 mm. A tail with a diameter of
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFF768C01FEB87246" box="[189,268,814,841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 µm</quantity>
winds about ¾ of a turn around the trunk. The three adhesive papillae show a short and wide peduncle. The sucker of the central adhesive papilla is
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFCF88C7EFC397263" box="[819,909,849,876]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="124.0">124 µm</quantity>
in diameter. There are 10 pairs of rounded ectodermal ampullae. The ocellus is
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFDA28C5BFD027281" box="[617,694,884,911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 µm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB4217EFCE28C5BFC307281" box="[809,900,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.46" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="346.0">346 µm</quantity>
distant from the anterior region of the tail.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB4217EFF768C9AFC18741C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768C9AFE9B72C0" blockId="11.[189,303,949,975]" box="[189,303,949,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB4217EFF768C9AFE9B72C0" bold="true" box="[189,303,949,975]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF768C9AFE9B72C0" bold="true" box="[189,303,949,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768CCCFC18741C" blockId="11.[189,1399,995,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Only two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFE7B8CCCFDED72F2" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[432,601,995,1021]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFE7B8CCCFDED72F2" box="[432,601,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB4217EFC418CCCFC6172F2" box="[906,981,995,1021]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFC2B8CCBFB2372F2" baseAuthorityName="Van Name" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[992,1175,995,1021]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amethysteum">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFC2B8CCBFB2372F2" box="[992,1175,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. amethysteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a distribution along the whole coastline and
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFDE68B28FC19752E" authority="Paiva et al., 2015" authorityName="Paiva et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[557,941,1030,1057]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurizelae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFDE68B28FD7A752F" box="[557,718,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. maurizelae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB4217EFD128B29FC19752E" author="Paiva" box="[729,941,1030,1057]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Paiva" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref9452" refString="Paiva S. V., Oliveira-Filho R. R. &amp; Lotufo T. M. C. 2015. Ascidians from Rocas Atoll, northeast Brazil. Frontiers in Marine Science 2: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2015.00039" type="journal article" year="2015">
Paiva
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFCEF8B28FCD5752F" box="[804,865,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Rocas Atoll (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB4217EFB5C8B29FADF752E" author="Paiva" box="[1175,1387,1030,1057]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Paiva" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref9452" refString="Paiva S. V., Oliveira-Filho R. R. &amp; Lotufo T. M. C. 2015. Ascidians from Rocas Atoll, northeast Brazil. Frontiers in Marine Science 2: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2015.00039" type="journal article" year="2015">
Paiva
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFB2F8B28FA95752F" box="[1252,1313,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFF768B06FE42754C" authority="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,502,1065,1091]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabofriense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF768B06FE42754C" box="[189,502,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polysyncraton cabofriense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFB4217EFE378B06FDE2754C" box="[508,598,1065,1091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFD268B06FC16754C" baseAuthorityName="Van Name" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[749,930,1065,1091]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amethysteum">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFD268B06FC16754C" box="[749,930,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. amethysteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its colour, higher density of spicules, lobed cloaca and larvae with more pairs of ectodermal ampullae.
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFC7C8B64FB46756A" authorityName="Paiva et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[951,1266,1099,1125]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurizeliae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFC7C8B64FB46756A" box="[951,1266,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Polysyncraton maurizeliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has orange colonies with smooth common cloacal apertures, zooids longer and with 12 stigmata in the 1
<superScript id="7C409BD6FFB4217EFB348B42FABE7574" attach="left" box="[1279,1290,1133,1147]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">st</superScript>
row, and the lateral thoracic organ in the 3
<superScript id="7C409BD6FFB4217EFDF68BA0FDFF7592" attach="left" box="[573,587,1167,1181]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">rd</superScript>
row. Among other species from the Atlantic,
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB4217EFB958BBDFF4C75C1" authority="F. Monniot, 1984" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityYear="1984" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="louminae">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFB958BBDFB5375A4" box="[1118,1255,1169,1195]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. louminae</emphasis>
F.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB4217EFAC18BBEFF4C75C1" author="Monniot" firstAuthor="Monniot" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="885 - 905" refId="ref9221" refString="Monniot F. 1984. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VIII. Questions de systematique evolutive posees par les Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 ieme serie 6 ª (4): 885 - 905." type="journal article" year="1984">Monniot, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has a colony of similar shape and spicules, but the colony is grey, zooids have longer oral siphons and two testis follicles surrounded by 3 to 5 coils of the sperm duct, and the larvae are not gemmiparous and have more pairs of ectodermal ampullae (F.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB4217EFD3F8BD6FC2B741C" author="Monniot" box="[756,927,1273,1299]" firstAuthor="Monniot" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="885 - 905" refId="ref9221" refString="Monniot F. 1984. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VIII. Questions de systematique evolutive posees par les Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 ieme serie 6 ª (4): 885 - 905." type="journal article" year="1984">Monniot 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB4217EFF768A15FDCE748C" box="[189,634,1338,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768A15FEE2745B" blockId="11.[189,342,1338,1364]" box="[189,342,1338,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB4217EFF768A15FEE2745B" bold="true" box="[189,342,1338,1364]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB4217EFF768A15FEE2745B" bold="true" box="[189,342,1338,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB4217EFF768A46FDCE748C" blockId="11.[189,634,1384,1411]" box="[189,634,1384,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB4217EFEAD8A47FE1A748D" box="[358,430,1384,1410]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87CFFB4217EFE768A47FDDA748C" box="[445,622,1384,1411]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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