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<document id="66FD4199378C27866019531246FE5FE0" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.615" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2465730-6237-4a14-a98d-7fd2d1096cb0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3711000" ID-ZooBank="637FC87F-13B5-4B32-BC52-11A9B30ECF1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584210958022" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R." docDate="2020" docId="03B520481A47FF839559734759198657" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-615_galea.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 615" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lytocarpia pseudoctenata Galea 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F9BD38C7-AFF6-4703-B6E4-3C11BB0EFE16" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FF8C58301A5AFFA3971777095A2A8450" masterDocTitle="Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698728323888" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="09F475E790C54CB970928C081E85700B">Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20AD59885723E24BB1C7D882464FCCC9">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="24F6FC0C2C79091B7EB62D293E77149C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F0BC71F623FF2154C5AE0F79368408A5">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EB6B0988E17A837406F8B12FDE9CBA87">2020-03-13</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B520481A47FF839559734759198657" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718307" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162505298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3718307" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F9BD38C7-AFF6-4703-B6E4-3C11BB0EFE16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B520481A47FF839559734759198657" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A47FFBE955973475EE280DB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE9559734759CC8039" blockId="29.[364,1224,1102,1199]" box="[590,998,1102,1129]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0EB26321A47FFBE9559734759CC8039" box="[590,998,1102,1129]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A47FFBE9559734759AE8039" ID-CoL="849TT" authority="Galea, 2020" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[590,900,1102,1129]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudoctenata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE9559734759AE8039" bold="true" box="[590,900,1102,1129]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lytocarpia pseudoctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BF0371A47FFBE949C734659CC8039" box="[907,998,1103,1129]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A47FFBE95AB739D595D80FF" box="[700,887,1172,1199]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE95AB739D595D80FF" blockId="29.[364,1224,1102,1199]" box="[700,887,1172,1199]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<figureCitation id="13278DDB1A47FFBE95AB739D593B80FE" box="[700,785,1172,1198]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,425,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[189,1399,425,1784]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 12. A–C. Lytocarpia fragilis sp. nov, fertile colony (A) and details of a corbula (B–C), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-523 (holotype). — D–F. Lytocarpia pilosa sp. nov., fertile colony (D), portion of stem, showing proximal parts of pseudophylactocarps (E), and corbula (F), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-524 (holotype). — G–H. Lytocarpia pseudoctenata sp. nov., fertile colony (G) and corbula (H), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-527 (holotype). Scale bars: A, D = 1 cm; B, H = 1 mm; C, E = 500 µm; F = 2 mm; G = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711022/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 12</figureCitation>
G–H, 15
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A47FFBE97AA73DF58D582F1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE97AA73DF5B1C80A0" blockId="29.[189,310,1238,1264]" box="[189,310,1238,1264]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0EB26321A47FFBE97AA73DF5B1C80A0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1238,1264]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE97AA73DF5B1C80A0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1238,1264]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE97AA720D58D582F1" blockId="29.[189,1399,1284,1697]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A47FFBE9653720C5BEE814E" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[324,452,1285,1310]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE9653720C5BEE814E" box="[324,452,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lytocarpia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with tall, slender, pinnate colonies of delicate appearance. Stems unbranched, slightly fascicled, with long internodes provided with a frontal row of 4–10 nematothecae, a lateral apophysis supporting a cladium and its conical nematotheca, as well as with a fronto-axillar nematotheca. Cladia fairly distant from one another, shifted on to the anterior side of the colony. Cormidia short, with up to 7 intranodal ridges; hydrothecae strongly S-shaped, with ad- and abaxial ridges projecting far into their lumina; mesial nematotheca adnate for ¾ its length, free part projecting upwards, not reaching hydrothecal margin; the latter with strong, median, abaxial cusps and edges with 3 pairs of additional cusps, the 2
<superScript id="7C693C161A47FFBE96D672F05BF88257" attach="left" box="[449,466,1529,1543]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nd</superScript>
being comparatively more developed. Corbula on distal end of a hydrocladium, after a sequence of 5–18 normal cormidia; rachis geniculate, segments with a costal apophysis and a nematotheca lateral to it; costae forked, with a hydrotheca (devoid of its lateral nematothecae) in middle and appendages with successive pairs of opposite to subopposite nematothecae; gonothecae lenticular, flimsy, arising from the base of costal apophyses.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A47FFBE97AA71C05ED08341" box="[189,1274,1737,1810]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE97AA71C05B6E82B3" blockId="29.[189,1274,1737,1810]" box="[189,324,1737,1763]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0EB26321A47FFBE97AA71C05B6E82B3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1737,1763]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE97AA71C05B6E82B3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1737,1763]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE97AA71FE5ED08341" blockId="29.[189,1274,1737,1810]" box="[189,1274,1783,1810]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The specific name indicates obvious resemblances with
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A47FFBE945971FE5EDC8341" authority="(Totton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[846,1270,1783,1809]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ctenata">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE945971FE5E688341" box="[846,1090,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Aglaophenia ctenata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A47FFBE934671FE5EC78341" author="Totton A. K." box="[1105,1261,1783,1809]" firstAuthor="Totton" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="131 - 252" part="5" refId="ref23918" refString="Totton A. K. 1930. Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology 5 (5): 131 - 252." title="Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida" type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A47FFBD97AA70315BEB85DD" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE97AA70315B808302" blockId="29.[189,426,1848,1874]" box="[189,426,1848,1874]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0EB26321A47FFBE97AA70315B808302" bold="true" box="[189,426,1848,1874]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE97AA70315B808302" bold="true" box="[189,426,1848,1874]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A47FFBE97FD706E5B7683D1" bold="true" box="[234,348,1895,1921]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54A72FFC1A47FFBE97FD706E5B7683D1" box="[234,348,1895,1921]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A47FFBE97AA70835BEB83BB" blockId="29.[189,1398,1895,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="3B749B031A47FFBE97AA70835BEB83BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575926602" collectingDate="2016-08-22" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="KANACONO" country="New Caledonia" elevation="358" latitude="-22.683332" location="stn CP 4739" longLatPrecision="1258" longitude="167.68333" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNHN-IK-2015-527" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PACIFIC OCEAN" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49D85FBC1A47FFBE97AA70835BB483F4" box="[189,414,1930,1956]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">PACIFIC OCEAN</collectingRegion>
•
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, ca
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high, hydrorhiza missing, bearing 3 corbulae; off
<collectingCountry id="F30BD1CE1A47FFBE922870825B1D8397" name="New Caledonia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
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;
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,
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; 393–
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;
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;
<collectorName id="26E9F4881A47FFBE939D70A75F188398" box="[1162,1330,1966,1992]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">KANACONO</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBBA39251A47FFBE97AA70D95B9783BB" box="[189,445,2000,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MNHN-IK-2015-527</specimenCode>
.
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</paragraph>
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A44FFBD97AA76245BEB85DD" blockId="30.[189,1398,267,397]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="3B749B031A44FFBD97AA76245B9485DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575926620" collectingDate="2016-08-28" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="KANACONO" country="New Caledonia" elevation="230" latitude="-23.033333" location="stn DR 4772" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="168.35" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MNHN-IK-2015-528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PACIFIC OCEAN" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="49D85FBC1A44FFBD97AA76245BB18517" box="[189,411,301,327]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">PACIFIC OCEAN</collectingRegion>
•
<specimenCount id="9D1A5AD71A44FFBD96AA7624588A8517" box="[445,672,301,327]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1 colony fragment</specimenCount>
,
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long, with one gonotheca in middle part; off
<collectingCountry id="F30BD1CE1A44FFBD922876245B1D8539" name="New Caledonia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
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;
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,
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; 795–
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;
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<date id="FFA2B79E1A44FFBD94D776465E5F8539" box="[960,1141,335,361]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2016-08-28">28 Aug. 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="26E9F4881A44FFBD939D76465F188539" box="[1162,1330,335,361]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">KANACONO</collectorName>
leg.;
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.
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<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A44FFBD97AA76BD5B64859E" bold="true" box="[189,334,436,462]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A44FFBD97AA76EB585782FC" blockId="30.[189,1399,482,1708]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Undamaged colonies reaching more than
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high; erect, slender and of delicate appearance, unable to support themselves when out of liquid, though perisarc rather thick throughout the colony; hydrorhiza not seen; stems lightly fascicled, composed of several superimposed auxiliary tubes, each adhering to the dorsal side of the preceding one, not forming a beam around the main tube, but rather resulting in a laterally-flattened structure; a notable deeply-cut, oblique node some distance above the origin from hydrorhiza, passing through all cauline tubes at a time; occasional oblique nodes sporadically along the remainder of stem; division into additional internodes not always distinct, though transverse nodes (
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wide) are more noticeable in the younger parts of the stem, where the perisarc is thinner; each internode
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD96CB75F4586A8747" box="[476,576,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long, comprising a frontal row of 4–10 saccate nematothecae (with gutter-shaped, adaxial apertures), a short (ca
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD95DB74295930876A" box="[716,794,800,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 µm</quantity>
) cladial apophysis above carrying basally a conical nematotheca (with small, rounded, apical aperture), as well as an elbow nematotheca (also with guttershaped aperture) lateral to the insertion of apophysis on the internode (fronto-axillar). Basalmost cladia broken off, but arrangement alternate along the longest portion of the stem; up to
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD939474835EF987F4" box="[1155,1235,906,932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
long, the two rows shifted on to the anterior side of the colony so as to form an acute angle; cladia fairly distant from one another in each row; divided into rather short (
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD943B74D959E287BB" box="[812,968,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.925" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.85" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="592.5" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="585.0">585–600 µm</quantity>
) internodes by means of transverse nodes (
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD960474FA5B87805E" box="[275,429,1011,1038]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="147.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="145.0">145–150 µm</quantity>
wide), each comprising a hydrotheca and its three associated nematothecae: one mesial and a pair of laterals; hydrotheca
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD9584731E59028061" box="[659,808,1047,1074]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.325" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="532.5" valueMax="540.0" valueMin="525.0">525–540 µm</quantity>
deep, strongly S-shaped, with 2 internal septa, one adaxial arising a short distance above the base, and one abaxial given off a certain distance below the aperture from the abaxial wall, both septa protruding at least into the middle of the hydrothecal lumen; internodes with a number of incomplete internal septa: 2 abaxial and up to 5 on their adaxial side; mesial nematotheca long, tubular, adnate for more than ¾ its length, leaving only a short (
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD936B73AD5F3980EF" box="[1148,1299,1188,1215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="107.5" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="100.0">100–115 µm</quantity>
) portion free, provided with a gutter-shaped aperture along its whole free length; lateral nematothecae tubular,
<quantity id="4CE43CBB1A44FFBD97AA73E35B7E8155" box="[189,340,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="217.5" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="215.0">215–220 µm</quantity>
long, aperture with rim deeply-scooped adaxially; hydrothecal margin with a prominent, rounded, abaxial cusp, continued on each side by three broad, triangular cusps, the second being the most developed. Gonosome an open corbula borne on a hydrocladium after a sequence of 5–18 normal cormidia; rachis slightly geniculate, divided into very short internodes (by means of transverse nodes), each bearing a costal apophysis and an elbow nematotheca lateral to it; costa separated from apophysis by transverse node; costa forked, with a basal hydrotheca (lateral nematothecae lost) in middle; mesial nematotheca situated far below the hydrothecal base, so as to accommodate the insertion of the ‘anterior’ arm, comprising 5–6 pairs of opposite to subopposite nematothecae; a nematotheca on the back of the hydrotheca, above which is inserted the ‘posterior’ arm, comprising 7–8 opposite to subopposite nematothecae; proximalmost costa of a corbula with the mesial nematotheca immediately below the hydrothecal base, not giving rise to the “anterior” arm set with nematothecae; all nematothecae elongated, with deeply-scooped adaxial margins. Gonothecae lenticular, with flimsy perisarc, arising from the base of the costal apophyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A44FF8397AA71DD5BA385C3" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A44FFBD97AA71DD5B0582BE" blockId="30.[189,303,1748,1774]" box="[189,303,1748,1774]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0EB26321A44FFBD97AA71DD5B0582BE" bold="true" box="[189,303,1748,1774]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A44FFBD97AA71DD5B0582BE" bold="true" box="[189,303,1748,1774]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A44FFBD97AA700A59288333" blockId="30.[189,1399,1794,1891]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
None of the nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A44FFBD9525700A5898834C" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[562,690,1795,1820]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A44FFBD9525700A5898834C" box="[562,690,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lytocarpia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described so far (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A44FFBD9495700B5E17834C" accessDate="2019-10-08" author="Schuchert P." box="[898,1085,1794,1820]" firstAuthor="Schuchert" journalOrPublisher="Lytocarpia Kirchenpauer" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" publicationUrl="http://www.marinespecies.org/hydrozoa/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=117002" refId="ref23727" refString="Schuchert P. 2019. World Hydrozoa Database. Lytocarpia Kirchenpauer, 1872. Available from http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 117002 [accessed 8 Oct. 2019]." title="World Hydrozoa Database" type="url" year="2019">Schuchert 2019</bibRefCitation>
) possesses simultaneously two (ab- and adaxial) strongly-developed internal septa, creating such a distinctive, S-shaped appearance of their hydrothecae, as
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A44FFBD96CF7040588A8333" authority="Galea, 2020" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[472,672,1865,1891]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudoctenata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A44FFBD96CF7040588A8333" box="[472,672,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. pseudoctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BF0371A44FFBD95B0704059288333" box="[679,770,1865,1891]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A44FF8397AA70835BA385C3" blockId="30.[189,1398,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="32.[189,1399,267,403]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The new species shows striking resemblances with
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A44FFBD943970835EF083F4" authority="(Totton, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[814,1242,1930,1956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ctenata">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A44FFBD943970835E0E83F4" box="[814,1060,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Aglaophenia ctenata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A44FFBD932170835EF883F4" author="Totton A. K." box="[1078,1234,1930,1956]" firstAuthor="Totton" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="131 - 252" part="5" refId="ref23918" refString="Totton A. K. 1930. Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology 5 (5): 131 - 252." title="Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida" type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
with respect to the morphology of both hydrothecae and some components of the gonosome. Indeed, hydrothecae of both are borne on short internodes, are strongly S-shaped and possess two intrathecal ridges, one abaxial, the other adaxial, projecting halfway across their lumina (compare
<figureCitation id="13278DDB1A45FFBC933876025EBF8576" box="[1071,1173,267,294]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1893,1919]" captionTargetBox="[206,1386,535,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[189,1398,535,1857]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 15. Lytocarpia pseudoctenata sp. nov. A. Portion of stem. B–D. Hydrotheca (B) and details of its basal (C) and distal (D) parts, all seen laterally. E–F. Portion of the rachis of corbula, and costa with gonotheca (F). From samples MNHN-IK-2015-527 (C–D) and MNHN-IK-2015-528 (A–B, E–F). Scale bars: A, F = 500 µm; B–E = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711028/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
with
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A45FFBC93C076055F598575" author="Totton A. K." box="[1239,1395,267,294]" firstAuthor="Totton" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="131 - 252" part="5" refId="ref23918" refString="Totton A. K. 1930. Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology 5 (5): 131 - 252." title="Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida" type="journal article" year="1930">Totton (1930</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 69a)). However, the hydrothecal apertures of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A45FFBC941C762659AE8518" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[779,900,303,329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ctenata">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC941C762659AE8518" box="[779,900,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A. ctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear more tilted forward (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A45FFBC93CB76265F598519" author="Totton A. K." box="[1244,1395,303,329]" firstAuthor="Totton" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="131 - 252" part="5" refId="ref23918" refString="Totton A. K. 1930. Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (&quot; Terra Nova &quot;) Expedition, 1910. Zoology 5 (5): 131 - 252." title="Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida" type="journal article" year="1930">Totton 1930</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 69a;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A45FFBC963E765B5B92853C" author="Ralph P. M." box="[297,440,338,364]" firstAuthor="Ralph" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="749 - 838" part="88" refId="ref23105" refString="Ralph P. M. 1961. New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 749 - 838." title="New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. Family Sertulariidae" type="journal article" year="1961">Ralph 1961</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9b;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A45FFBC9534765B5979853C" accessDate="2020-03-06" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[547,851,338,364]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoir" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 538" part="119" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/niwabiodiversitymemoir01192003" refId="ref24067" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 6 Mar. 2020]." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids)" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 62e, g–i). Although both species possess similarly long cladia, those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A45FFBC9532767C58B785DF" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[549,669,373,399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ctenata">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC9532767C58B785DF" box="[549,669,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A. ctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are ‘tightly packed’ (compare image ‘a’ from the frontispiece of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A45FFBC97CC7690582585E2" accessDate="2020-03-06" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[219,527,408,435]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoir" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 538" part="119" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/niwabiodiversitymemoir01192003" refId="ref24067" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 6 Mar. 2020]." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids)" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
with
<figureCitation id="13278DDB1A45FFBC95477691589C85E2" box="[592,694,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,425,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[189,1399,425,1784]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 12. A–C. Lytocarpia fragilis sp. nov, fertile colony (A) and details of a corbula (B–C), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-523 (holotype). — D–F. Lytocarpia pilosa sp. nov., fertile colony (D), portion of stem, showing proximal parts of pseudophylactocarps (E), and corbula (F), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-524 (holotype). — G–H. Lytocarpia pseudoctenata sp. nov., fertile colony (G) and corbula (H), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-527 (holotype). Scale bars: A, D = 1 cm; B, H = 1 mm; C, E = 500 µm; F = 2 mm; G = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711022/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
herein). Its stem internodes possess “one terminal apophysis with a pair of opposite nematothecae at their base and one or two nematothecae on the proximal part […]. No mamelon has been observed […]” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A7AFF8395DD760259DD8575" accessDate="2020-03-06" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[714,1015,267,294]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoir" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 538" part="119" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/niwabiodiversitymemoir01192003" refId="ref24067" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 6 Mar. 2020]." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids)" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
). As with the gonohydrocladium of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A7AFF8397C976385B82851A" authority="Galea, 2020" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[222,424,304,330]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudoctenata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A7AFF8397C976385B82851A" box="[222,424,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. pseudoctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BF0371A7AFF8396A676385825851B" box="[433,527,305,331]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A7AFF839564763858C1851A" baseAuthorityName="Totton" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[627,747,305,331]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ctenata">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A7AFF839564763858C1851A" box="[627,747,305,331]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. ctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also appears bifid (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DECAF1A7AFF8394C376395F2E851A" accessDate="2020-03-06" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[980,1284,304,331]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoir" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 538" part="119" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/niwabiodiversitymemoir01192003" refId="ref24067" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 6 Mar. 2020]." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids)" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 62j), but there is no hydrotheca associated with it, and the number and position of the nematothecae are also slightly different.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF63C1D61A45FFBC97AA706C584583B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3711028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3711028/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[189,232,1893,1919]" targetBox="[206,1386,535,1856]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A45FFBC97AA706C584583B9" blockId="31.[189,1399,1893,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC97AA706C5B30832F" bold="true" box="[189,282,1893,1919]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1CEADD1A45FFBC9635706F5879832F" authority="Galea, 2020" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[290,595,1893,1919]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudoctenata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC9635706F5879832F" box="[290,595,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Lytocarpia pseudoctenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BF0371A45FFBC954B706F589283D0" box="[604,696,1894,1920]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC95D7706C58FF832F" bold="true" box="[704,725,1893,1919]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
. Portion of stem.
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC94BC706C59C8832F" bold="true" box="[939,994,1893,1919]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B–D</emphasis>
. Hydrotheca (B) and details of its basal (C) and distal (D) parts, all seen laterally.
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A45FFBC95EA7080591B83F3" bold="true" box="[765,817,1929,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E–F</emphasis>
. Portion of the rachis of corbula, and costa with gonotheca (F). From samples MNHN-IK-2015-527 (C–D) and MNHN-IK-2015-528 (A–B, E–F). Scale bars: A, F = 500 µm; B–E = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C306C2D51A7AFF8397AA76B559198657" box="[189,819,444,519]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A7AFF8397AA76B55B7C8586" blockId="32.[189,819,444,519]" box="[189,342,444,470]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0EB26321A7AFF8397AA76B55B7C8586" bold="true" box="[189,342,444,470]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9684D4C1A7AFF8397AA76B55B7C8586" bold="true" box="[189,342,444,470]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3915E1A7AFF8397AA76E459198657" blockId="32.[189,819,444,519]" box="[189,819,492,519]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Known only from off
<collectingCountry id="F30BD1CE1A7AFF8396D776E4585F8656" box="[448,629,492,519]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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