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<document id="184BC4FF77EE47B3B286605CE5CAD070" ID-CLB-Dataset="58040" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8159436" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da40d403-1bab-4da7-82c1-31dcaeaf3df8" ID-ISSN="0073-134X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8159436" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1689683267111" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Leeper, John R." docDate="2014" docId="D43D75770737FFA67A30B11F7C3F19D5" docLanguage="en" docName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.46.1-7.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 46" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2.1:PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2" docStyleName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Chilocorus nigrita" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="28040D0F0737FFA77860B5617E0E1D04" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Notes on Names of Hawaiian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699541417962" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="184175AEF61B6F8C1B0D40BD192B33E9">Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Notes on Names of Hawaiian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="6B9F5F76E8639C183B5A9A9E909C5DEE">
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<mods:namePart id="FECC8905D0DDCA11E5BA4BD70934580F">Leeper, John R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BB38F8C09137AC1F859A16D086831AF0">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BA566F3C9BFB1ED53AE6245BF082CEFA">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="6D6872E276C0D736038BF923630796B7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="D43D75770737FFA67A30B11F7C3F19D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8188126" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212420474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8188126" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D43D75770737FFA67A30B11F7C3F19D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D43D75770737FFA67A30B11F7C3F19D5" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="148E97EA0737FFA77A30B11F7DDF1992" box="[592,977,1150,1174]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610737FFA77A30B11F7DDF1992" blockId="0.[592,977,1150,1174]" box="[592,977,1150,1174]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<heading id="0763730D0737FFA77A30B11F7DDF1992" bold="true" box="[592,977,1150,1174]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77A30B11F7DDF1992" bold="true" box="[592,977,1150,1174]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77A30B11F7DC21992" authority="(Fabricius 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[592,972,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77A30B11F7D1B1992" bold="true" box="[592,789,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900737FFA77B42B11F7DCB1992" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[802,965,1150,1174]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="ref3472" refString="Fabricius, J. C. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: Proft and Storch, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="148E97EA0737FFA67A08B1FC7F971CF3" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610737FFA77A08B1FC7DC319F6" blockId="0.[592,1009,1181,1570]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The use of
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77AAFB1FC7DFE19B1" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[719,1008,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77AAFB1FC7D8D19B1" box="[719,899,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
represents a correction in spelling from the use of
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77AF2B1BB7DC719F6" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[658,969,1242,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77AF2B1BB7D5B19F5" box="[658,853,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chilocorus nigritus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610737FFA77A08B1997CFC1B26" blockId="0.[592,1009,1181,1570]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77A08B1997CFB1814" bold="true" box="[616,757,1272,1296]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Justification:</emphasis>
Although ITIS lists this name as
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77ACEB0767DFE182B" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[686,1008,1303,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77ACEB0767D74182A" box="[686,890,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chilocorus nigritus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
(TNS: 186963),
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900737FFA77A92B0547D961849" author="Samways, M. J." box="[754,920,1333,1357]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="345 - 351" refId="ref4337" refString="Samways, M. J. 1989. Climate diagram and biological control: an example from the areography of the ladybird Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius, 1798) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Journal of Biogeography 16: 345 - 351." type="journal article" year="1989">Samways (1989)</bibRefCitation>
justified the use of the spelling
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77B53B0327CCC188E" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77B53B0327DFE186F" box="[819,1008,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
stating “R. G. Booth (pers. comm.) has pointed out that strictly the name should be
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77A9FB0CE7D6A18C2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[767,868,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77A9FB0CE7D6A18C2" box="[767,868,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900737FFA77BF2B0CE7C9C18E1" author="Fabricius, J. C." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="ref3472" refString="Fabricius, J. C. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: Proft and Storch, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius (1798)</bibRefCitation>
originally named it
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77B1BB0AC7C9B1B07" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77B1BB0AC7C9B1B07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coccinella nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20737FFA77AAEB08D7D1D1B07" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[718,787,1516,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730737FFA77AAEB08D7D1D1B07" box="[718,787,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ being a noun cannot change gender.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678C8B5F07F971CF3" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
In addition,
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67944B5F07FA71DAD" author="Booth, R. G." box="[292,425,145,169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="361 - 367" refId="ref2850" refString="Booth, R. G. 1998. A review of the species resembling Chilocorus nigrita (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): potential agents for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88: 361 - 367." type="journal article" year="1998">Booth (1998)</bibRefCitation>
provided the following comments and listed the following synonyms: “The etymology of the name
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA678ABB58C7F011C00" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[203,271,237,260]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678ABB58C7F011C00" box="[203,271,237,260]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uncertain, but its treatment as a noun, rather than as an adjective, is consistent with its original use by the early taxonomic authors (
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67933B4267FE11C5B" author="Grenstead, L. W." box="[339,495,327,351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="251 - 252" refId="ref3666" refString="Grenstead, L. W. 1951. A note on the trivial names nigrita and nigritus. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 87, 251 - 252." type="journal article" year="1951">Grenstead 1951</bibRefCitation>
). Thus as Fabricius originally used the combination
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA678A2B4E57F8C1C98" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[194,386,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678A2B4E57F8C1C98" box="[194,386,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Coccinella nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA679F2B4E47FD61C98" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[402,472,389,412]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA679F2B4E47FD61C98" box="[402,472,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a noun, does not change its ending when combined with a generic name of different gender from the original.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="148E97EA0736FFA678C8B49F7C271F12" box="[168,553,510,534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678C8B49F7C271F12" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" box="[168,553,510,534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7C84E34F0736FFA678C8B49F7C271F12" box="[168,553,510,534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitation id="DD35E2700736FFA678C8B49F7C2A1F12" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[168,548,510,534]" page="79" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1798">
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA678C8B49F7C2A1F12" authority="Fabricius 1798: 79" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1798" box="[168,548,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678C8B49F7F6C1F11" box="[168,354,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Coccinella nigrita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67909B49F7C2A1F12" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[361,548,510,534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3472" refString="Fabricius, J. C. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: Proft and Storch, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius 1798: 79</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678C8B77D7F601E60" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7C84E34F0736FFA678C8B77D7C3E1F30" box="[168,560,540,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitation id="DD35E2700736FFA678C8B77D7C221F30" author="Mulsant, E." box="[168,556,540,564]" page="463" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1850">
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA678C8B77D7C221F30" authority=": Mulsant 1850: 463" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="463" authorityYear="1850" box="[168,556,540,564]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678C8B77D7F671F30" box="[168,361,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chilocorus nigritus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67914B77D7C221F30" author="Mulsant, E." box="[372,556,540,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4204" refString="Mulsant, E. 1850. Species des Coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et" type="book" year="1850">Mulsant 1850: 463</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA678D8B75B7F661F57" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[184,360,570,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3315" refString="Crotch, G. R. 1874. A revision of the Coleopterous family Coccinellidae. London, E. W. Janson, 311 pp." type="book" year="1874">Crotch 1874: 184</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67912B75B7C3F1F57" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[370,561,570,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3875" refString="Korschefsky, R. 1932. Pars 120: Coccinellidae. II. pp. 225 - 659 in Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (eds) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Berlin: W. Junk." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932:</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="148E97EA0736FFA678D8B7387F601E60" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
240;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA6788CB7387FA31F75" author="Bielawski, R." box="[236,429,601,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="72 - 96" refId="ref2749" refString="Bielawski, R. 1957. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) von Ceylon. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 68, 72 - 96." type="journal article" year="1957">Bielawski 1957: 86</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679D8B7387C3F1F75" author="Davis, C. J." box="[440,561,601,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="62 - 66" refId="ref3342" refString="Davis, C. J. 1959. Recent Introductions for Biological Control inn Hawaii - IV. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 17 (1): 62 - 66." type="journal article" year="1959">Davis 1959:</bibRefCitation>
65;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67883B7197F9F1F8B" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[227,401,631,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="148 - 189" refId="ref3839" refString="Kapur, A. P. 1967. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Andamans. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India 32 B [1966], 148 - 189." type="journal article" year="1967">Kapur 1967:171</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679FFB7167C3E1F8B" author="Nagaraja, H. &amp; S. U. Hussainy" box="[415,560,631,655]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref4266" refString="Nagaraja, H., and S. U. Hussainy. 1967. A study of six species of Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predaceous on San Jose and other scale insects. Oriental Insects 1, 249 - 256." type="journal article" year="1967">Nagaraja and</bibRefCitation>
Hussainy 1967:252;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679EDB7F77C3F1FAA" author="Miyatake, M." box="[397,561,662,686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="303 - 340" refId="ref4170" refString="Miyatake, M. 1970. The East-Asian coccinellid-beetles preserved in the California Academy of Sciences Tribe Chilocorini. Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, Ehime University 14, 303 - 340." type="journal article" year="1970">Miyatake 1970:</bibRefCitation>
318, 333;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67975B7D57FB61FC8" author="Davis, C. J." box="[277,440,692,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="187 - 190" refId="ref3408" refString="Davis, C. J. 1972. Recent Introductions for Biological Control - XVII. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 21 (2): 187 - 190." type="journal article" year="1972">Davis 1972: 188</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679A1B7D57C3E1FC8" author="Chazeau, J. &amp; J. Etienne &amp; H. Fursch" box="[449,560,692,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="265 - 297" refId="ref3235" refString="Chazeau, J., J. Etienne, and H. Fursch. 1974. Les Coccinellidae de I'ile de La Reunion (Insecta Coleoptera). Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 3 e serie, no 210, Zoologie 140, 265 - 297." type="journal article" year="1974">Chazeau et</bibRefCitation>
al. 1974: 278;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67926B7B37FE51FEF" author="Tsuda, D." box="[326,491,722,747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="317" refId="ref4620" refString="Tsuda, D. 1974. Notes and Exhibitions. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 21 (3): 317." type="journal article" year="1974">Tsuda 1974: 317</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67995B7B37C3E1FEE" author="Davis, C. J." box="[501,560,722,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="355 - 358" refId="ref3440" refString="Davis, C. J. 1974. Recent Introductions for Biological Control - XVIII. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 21 (3): 355 - 358." type="journal article" year="1974">Davis</bibRefCitation>
1974: 357;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA6794AB7907FED1E0D" author="Leeper, J. R." box="[298,483,753,777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="279 - 306" refId="ref4030" refString="Leeper, J. R. 1976. A review of the Hawaiian Coccinellidae. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 22 (2): 279 - 306." type="journal article" year="1976">Leeper 1976: 287</bibRefCitation>
; Greathead and Pope 1977: 264;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679B7B66E7C3E1E23" author="Chazeau, J." box="[471,560,783,807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref3189" refString="Chazeau, J. 1981. La lute biologique contre la cochenille transparente du coctier Temnaspidiotus destructor (Signoret) aux Nouvelles-Hebrides (Homoptere Diaspididae). Cahiers de I'Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Serie Biologie 44, 11 - 22." type="journal article" year="1981">Chazeau</bibRefCitation>
1981:17;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67977B64F7C221E42" author="Funasaki, G. Y. &amp; L. M. Nakahara &amp; B. R. Kumashiro" box="[279,556,814,838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref3497" refString="Funasaki, G. Y., L. M. Nakahara, and B. R. Kumashiro. 1988. Introduction for Biological Control in Hawaii: 1985 and 1986. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 28 (1): 101 - 104." type="journal article" year="1988">Funasaki et al. 1988: 113</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA678D8B62D7F641E60" author="Nishida, G. M." box="[184,362,844,868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4309" refString="Nishida, G. M. 2002. Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. Fourth edition. iv + 310 pp. [HBS 2002 - 005]." type="book" year="2002">Nishida 2002: 50</bibRefCitation>
.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="148E97EA0736FFA678C8B60B7C3E1EA5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678C8B60B7C3E1E86" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" box="[168,560,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7C84E34F0736FFA678C8B60B7C3E1E86" box="[168,560,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitation id="DD35E2700736FFA678C8B60B7C251E86" author="Bielawski, R." box="[168,555,874,898]" page="86" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1957">
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA678C8B60B7C251E86" authority=": Bielawski 1957: 86" authorityName="Bielawski" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1957" box="[168,555,874,898]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678C8B60B7F6C1E86" box="[168,354,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA6790EB60B7C251E86" author="Bielawski, R." box="[366,555,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="72 - 96" refId="ref2749" refString="Bielawski, R. 1957. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) von Ceylon. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 68, 72 - 96." type="journal article" year="1957">Bielawski 1957: 86</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678D8B6E87C3E1EA5" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" box="[184,560,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA678D8B6E87F701EA5" author="Samways, M. J." box="[184,382,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="345 - 351" refId="ref4337" refString="Samways, M. J. 1989. Climate diagram and biological control: an example from the areography of the ladybird Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius, 1798) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Journal of Biogeography 16: 345 - 351." type="journal article" year="1989">Samways 1989: 345</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679E6B6E87C221EA5" author="Booth, R. G." box="[390,556,905,929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="361 - 367" refId="ref2850" refString="Booth, R. G. 1998. A review of the species resembling Chilocorus nigrita (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): potential agents for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88: 361 - 367." type="journal article" year="1998">Booth 1998: 362</bibRefCitation>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="148E97EA0736FFA678D8B6C67C3F19D5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678D8B6C67F9D1EBB" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" box="[184,403,935,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA678D8B6C67F811EBB" author="Booth, R. G. &amp; M. L. Cox &amp; R. B. Madge" box="[184,399,935,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2889" refString="Booth, R. G., M. L. Cox, and R. B. Madge. 1990. IIE Guides to insects of importance to man 3. Coleoptera. Wallingford, CAB International." type="book" year="1990">Booth et al. 1990: 90</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678C8B6A77FDD1990" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678C8B6A77FAF1ED9" bold="true" box="[168,417,965,990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Names Used in
<collectingRegion id="9E500A830736FFA6792BB6A47F921ED9" box="[331,412,965,989]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA679C5B6A77EB01EF8" author="Leeper, J. R." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="279 - 306" refId="ref4030" refString="Leeper, J. R. 1976. A review of the Hawaiian Coccinellidae. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 22 (2): 279 - 306." type="journal article" year="1976">Leeper (1976: 287)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3805B9900736FFA67893B6857FBA1EF8" author="Nishida, G. M." box="[243,436,996,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4309" refString="Nishida, G. M. 2002. Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. Fourth edition. iv + 310 pp. [HBS 2002 - 005]." type="book" year="2002">Nishida (2002: 50)</bibRefCitation>
treated this species as
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA67898B1637C3E191E" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[248,560,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA67898B1637FB3191E" box="[248,445,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chilocorus nigritus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
and noted that as the only spelling of the name used in Hawaiian literature to date. The UHIM currently lists this species as
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA678F0B11D7FC11990" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[144,463,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritus">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA678F0B11D7F571990" box="[144,345,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chilocorus nigritus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C2BC4610736FFA678C8B1FB7C3F19D5" blockId="1.[144,561,145,1233]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
This is the first use of
<taxonomicName id="9B94BFE20736FFA679D6B1FB7F4719D5" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="6EE018730736FFA679D6B1FB7EDB19D5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
in Hawaiian literature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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