813 lines
70 KiB
XML
813 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828" ID-PMC="PMC6023953" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-100-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" ID-PubMed="29962890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300060" ModsDocID="1314-2003-100-9" checkinTime="1529641997768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ortiz, Rosa del C." docDate="2018" docId="69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 100: 9-89" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 100" docPubDate="2018-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828" docTitle="Curarea candicans (Rich. ex DC.) Barneby & Krukoff" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668138919646" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ortiz, Rosa del C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-4347</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rosa.ortiz-gentry@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-06-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>100</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>9</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>89</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-100-9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1300060</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="24" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="69799BD3-D10E-5444-9BE1-0A4612B2989F" authority="(Rich. ex DC.) Barneby & Krukoff" authorityName="(Rich. ex DC.) Barneby & Krukoff" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="15" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Curarea candicans (Rich. ex DC.) Barneby & Krukoff</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Curarea candicans staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals G-H outer stamens, latero-adaxial and lateral surfaces (based on Pipoly & Boyan 8982)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211310" pageId="15" pageNumber="24">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Curarea candicans pistillate plant: A branch showing fruiting peduncle with no fruits B fruiting branch (based on [Jardim Botanico do Rio RB- 19508])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211311" pageId="15" pageNumber="24">, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="25" start="start">Curarea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
candicans
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.) Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22(2): 12. 1971.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Abuta candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC., Syst. 1: 543. 1818. Type: French Guiana. Cayenne: "Cayensibus dicitur, genus affine
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cissampelos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cissampelos" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cissampelos</taxonomicName>
|
||
", no date [1781-1789], (sterile),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">L.C. Richard s.n</emphasis>
|
||
. (lectotype, designated here [or perhaps holotype]): P-Jussieu Herbarium 10832, photocopy of microfiche P!, IDC microfiche 6206. 803.I). Guyana. Demerara: Mabura Hill Concession, ridgetop ecotone between Wallaba and Purpleheart forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.4166665">05°25'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="058" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.666668">058°40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 50 m, 20 Nov 1986, (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Pipoly & Boyan 8982</emphasis>
|
||
(epitype, designated here: MO!; isoepitypes: NY!, US!). Note: Following Art. 9.8 of the Melbourne Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MacNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" publicationUrl="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main" refId="B40" refString="MacNeill, J, Barrie, FR, Buck, WR, Demoulin, V, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Marhold, K, Prado, J, Prud'homme van Reine, WF, Smith, JF, Wiersema, JH, Turland, NJ, 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for Agae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code): adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Agae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code): adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books." url="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main" year="2012">MacNeill et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), I am here designating an epitype to serve as an interpretative type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Abuta candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose sterile condition makes it ambiguous for identification purposes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Richard ex DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Sciadotenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sciadotenia candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Sciadotenia candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.) Diels, in Engl. Pflanzenr. 4(94): 87. 1910. Type: Based on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Abuta candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandw" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="L. C. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chondrodendron candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Chondrodendron candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.) Sandwith, Bull. Misc. Informat. Kew. 1930: 342. Type: Based on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Abuta candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocculus dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichroa">Cocculus dichroa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mart., Flora 24, Beibl. II: 46. 1841. Type: Brazil. Para: Habitat in silvis, no date, (sterile),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Martius s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, designated here: M! [image seen]; isolectotype: B! frag., likely of M).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Sciadotenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sciadotenia leucophylla" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucophylla">Sciadotenia leucophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
Miers, Contr. Bot. 3: 344. 1871. Type: In Guiana [Guyana]. Guiana Batavana: no date, (sterile),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Anderson s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: BM! [BM000071492]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta limaciifolia" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limaciifolia">Abuta limaciifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Diels, in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.94(Heft 46): 194. 1910. Type: Brazil. Para: Peixe Boi, [25] July 1907, (♂ fl bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Rodr</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Sigueira s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herbário">Herbario</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amazônico">Amazonico</normalizedToken>
|
||
Museu
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraênsis">Paraensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Museu Goeldi) MG-8266], (lectotype designation effected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" author="Krukoff, BA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B35" refString="Krukoff, BA, Moldenke, HN, 1938. Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons. Brittonia 3 (1): 1 - 74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" title="Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" volume="3" year="1938">Krukoff and Moldenke 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20: B!, F neg. 4993; isolectotypes: BM! [BM000071503], MG! [image seen]). Note: The F negative of B specimen has two annotations, one at the bottom right that reads:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta limaciifolia" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limaciifolia">Abuta limaciifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Diels and a second one to the bottom left that reads: "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Anomospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anomospermum limaciifolium" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limaciifolium">Anomospermum limaciifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
Diels sp. nov.", a non-published name, this later annotation is missing in the B specimen available in this study, which may suggest that this second annotation label was not glued-down or the existence of another specimen at B. However, the B specimen I studied appears in every other feature to be the source of the F photograph. Additionally, the measurements included in the original description of the species, suggest that Diels did not examine the duplicates at BM and MG, hence the lectotype designated is the B specimen examined here. The citation by Diels of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Herbário">"Herbario</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amazônico">Amazonico</normalizedToken>
|
||
Museu
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraênsis”">Paraensis"</normalizedToken>
|
||
is in reference to the label of the material in B, not to a sheet in MG.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Diels" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chondrodendron limaciifolium" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limaciifolium">Chondrodendron limaciifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Diels) Moldenke, in Krukoff & Moldenke, Brittonia 3: 20. 1938. Type: Based on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta limaciifolia" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limaciifolia">Abuta limaciifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Diels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Ortiz" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta pullei" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pullei">Abuta pullei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Diels, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 22: 348. 1925. Type: Suriname. Without locality, 4 Sep 1920, (sterile),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Pulle 408</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype designation effected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" author="Krukoff, BA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B35" refString="Krukoff, BA, Moldenke, HN, 1938. Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons. Brittonia 3 (1): 1 - 74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" title="Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" volume="3" year="1938">Krukoff and Moldenke 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 18: U! [U-30956, photographs at F!, G!, GH!, MO!; isolectotypes: B!, frag., U! [U-30955]). Note: the original material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta pullei" order="Ranunculales" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pullei">Abuta? pullei</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises juvenile leaves and is mounted on two sheets at U. Both appear to have
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diels’">Diels'</normalizedToken>
|
||
handwriting and the sheet U-30956 has one, more or less, complete leaf and two fragmentary leaves. The second sheet, labelled as U-30955, is a much younger leaf and it appears that its measurements were not included in the description of the species. Hence the U-30956 specimen has been considered the holotype and annotated as such by previous authors, a designation that is followed in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Large canopy
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">lianas</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 25 m tall; older stem flattened (width unknown); bark dark brown, with shallow lengthwise fissures; branchlets densely brownish to silvery strigose.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
: blades 9-23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5-12 cm, elliptic, oblong or narrowly ovate, subcoriaceous to coriaceous when mature and up in the canopy; surfaces conspicuously discolorous when juvenile, lustrous and glabrate to glabrous when mature adaxially, silvery web-like indumentum concealing the abaxial epidermis when juvenile, with few brownish trichomes on main veins, densely tomentellous with age, indumentum usually confined to the areolae, base obtuse, rounded or cuneate, margin entire, (minutely undulate -"
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">crispatulo subdentato</emphasis>
|
||
"- (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Candolle, AP" journalOrPublisher="Regni Vegetabilis Sistema Naturale" pageId="47" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 564" refId="B13" refString="de Candolle, AP, 1818. . Regni Vegetabilis Sistema Naturale 1: 1 - 564" title="." volume="1" year="1818">de Candolle 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 543), apex acuminate (bilobulate), cuspidate when juvenile, usually 3-5(7) palmatinerved, less frequently plinerved, innermost pair of main veins acrodromous perfect on mature leaves, usually acrodromous imperfect on leaves from young shoots, midrib immersed or raised adaxially, raised abaxially, secondary veins 0-3 pairs, usually arising above the middle of the blade, veinlets weakly prominent adaxially in juvenile leaves, immersed on mature ones, always raised abaxially, sparsely silvery-tomentose adaxially when juvenile; petioles 2.5-16 cm long, the smaller sizes are frequently associated with canopy leaves and thus fertile plants, silvery, greyish or rufous strigillose-tomentellous, the trichomes appressed or ascending, glabrate with age, apical pulvinus conspicuous, rugulose, shallowly grooved adaxially.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
solitary or fascicled, slightly supra-axillary or axillary, narrowly branched thyrsi (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Curarea candicans staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals G-H outer stamens, latero-adaxial and lateral surfaces (based on Pipoly & Boyan 8982)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211310" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">13A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
), densely silvery to greyish or rufescent strigillose tomentellous, conspicuously ridged; axes (1.2-)6.5-10.6 cm; primary branches 0.6-2.1 cm long, compact and 1-2(-3) branching orders (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Curarea candicans staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals G-H outer stamens, latero-adaxial and lateral surfaces (based on Pipoly & Boyan 8982)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211310" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
); bracts 0.5-0.9 mm long, ovate, concave, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, abaxially indumentum as on inflorescence.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
unknown.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
1.2-1.3 mm long, greenish, yellowish or brownish; pedicels 0.9-5.6 mm long, conspicuously ridged, indumentum as on staminate inflorescence; bracteoles 1-3, 0.3-0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.3 mm, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, silvery tomentellous abaxially; sepals 6, usually 2-whorled (spirally arranged (?) and 8 in number,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="25">Steyermark et al. 125686</emphasis>
|
||
), glabrous adaxially, silvery tomentellous abaxially; outer sepals 0.7-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.6 mm, narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base obtuse or truncate,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="26" start="start">apex</pageBreakToken>
|
||
acute (middle sepals ca.1-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7 mm, obovate, base obtuse, apex rounded); inner sepals 0.9-1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1 mm, obovate to suborbicular, base obtuse, apex acute or obtuse (weakly retuse), tip of inner sepals erect to reflexed past anthesis; petals 6, 0.4-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.6 mm, inner ones slightly shorter and narrower, obovate to obovate-trilobed, weakly concave, membranous, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely tomentellous abaxially, base cuneate, lateral margins inflexed, partially clasping the filaments, apex obtuse or truncate; stamens 6, filaments 0.2-0.6, mm long, inner ones slightly longer, clavate-terete, moderately thick, free or connivent, glabrous; anthers 0.1-0.3 mm long, erect, connective slightly protruding apically, thicker adaxially and forming a protruding keel at the base of the anthers or shortly overgrowing thecae when older (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Curarea candicans staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals G-H outer stamens, latero-adaxial and lateral surfaces (based on Pipoly & Boyan 8982)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211310" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">13G-H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
unknown.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Infructescences</emphasis>
|
||
axes 2.5-2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 cm, thyrsi (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Curarea candicans pistillate plant: A branch showing fruiting peduncle with no fruits B fruiting branch (based on [Jardim Botanico do Rio RB- 19508])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211311" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">14A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
), velutinous; fruiting pedicel 0.5-1.1 cm long, terete; carpophore drum-like, ca. 1.3 mm long, apically weakly concave, velutinous.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Drupelets</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7 cm, (colour when ripe unknown), broadly ellipsoid to subglobose (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Curarea candicans pistillate plant: A branch showing fruiting peduncle with no fruits B fruiting branch (based on [Jardim Botanico do Rio RB- 19508])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211311" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">14B</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly eccentrically attached, base obtuse; stylar scar weakly protruding; exocarp 2 mm thick, surface rugulose or weakly muriculate, velutinous, granular when dried; mesocarp not seen; endocarp papyraceous, surface smooth.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
and embryo not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300084" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211310" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Curarea candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
staminate plant:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
flowering branch
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
|
||
flower bud
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
|
||
inner sepal, adaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">E-F</emphasis>
|
||
outer and inner petals
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">G-H</emphasis>
|
||
outer stamens, latero-adaxial and lateral surfaces (based on
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Pipoly & Boyan 8982</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300086" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211311" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Curarea candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pistillate plant:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
branch showing fruiting peduncle with no fruits
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
|
||
fruiting branch (based on [
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Jardim Botanico do Rio RB-19508</emphasis>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
North-eastern South America, from southern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and northern Para in Brazil (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Geographic distribution of Curarea barnebyana, C. candicans, C. crassa, C. cuatrecasasii and C. gentryana." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211306" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">9</figureCitation>
|
||
), in Terra Firme forest from near sea level to 710 m in Lely Mt., Suriname. Staminate flowering specimens were collected in January, July, October and November; the single fruiting specimen was collected in February.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="26" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Guyana</emphasis>
|
||
: "teteabo (Arawak),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“granny’s">"granny's</normalizedToken>
|
||
backbone" (Creole), (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandwith, NY" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="49" pageNumber="58" refId="B53" refString="Sandwith, NY, 1930. XXXVIII Contributions to the flora of Tropical America. II Chondodendron candicans, a menispermaceous bush-rope of Guiana. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 339-343." title="XXXVIII Contributions to the flora of Tropical America. II Chondodendron candicans, a menispermaceous bush-rope of Guiana. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 339 - 343." year="1930">Sandwith 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Sandwith 561</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ fl); used in the preparation of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“warrou’s">"warrou's</normalizedToken>
|
||
other kind of poison" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Jenman 5199</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ fl).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Suriname</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“dobroedoea”">"dobroedoea"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Vreden 11706</emphasis>
|
||
, st).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Venezuela</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“shiña-ten”">"shina-ten"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Steyermark et al. 125686</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ fl bud).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The epithet "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Curarea candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
" doubtlessly stems from the silvery indumentum on the abaxial surface of leaves, which is dense and matted in young individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="26" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Analysis of the seven collections representing seven localities resulted in an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 209,650 km2 and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 28 km2. Of the seven subpopulations, the most recent collection -a sterile specimen- was made in 2004. While the species has not been collected during the past decade, which may be suggestive of population decline, it is also likely that, due to its climbing habit, the species might have been overlooked by collectors. Additionally, one of the seven individuals occurred in a nature reserve in Venezuela and the locality where one collection was made in French Guiana in the early 1990s, has also become a nature reserve. Based on these observations and the results of the assessment,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assigned a preliminary status of "Least Concern" (LC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="26">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The drum-like carpophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Curarea candicans pistillate plant: A branch showing fruiting peduncle with no fruits B fruiting branch (based on [Jardim Botanico do Rio RB- 19508])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211311" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">14B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are unique in the genus. In all other species, these are elongated or subglobose. Vegetatively,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="26">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also distinctive on account of the sparse appressed or ascending brownish trichomes on main veins and dense silvery web-like indumentum on the abaxial surface of leaves from young shoots. This indumentum later changes to a tomentellous
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="27" start="start">cover</pageBreakToken>
|
||
that usually becomes restricted to the areoles with age. The only other species with similar web-like indumentum is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="18" pageNumber="27" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gentryana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="27">C. gentryana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described below, but this lacks the brownish appressed trichomes on the main veins of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="18" pageNumber="27" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="27">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, moreover, its
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="28" start="start">web-like</pageBreakToken>
|
||
indumentum persists on old leaves. When leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are tomentellous and this indumentum is not yet restricted to the areoles, they are indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. toxicofera" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="toxicofera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. toxicofera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cuatrecasasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cuatrecasasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. cuatrecasasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, neither of the two occurs in the Guianas and both have laxly branching rather than compact primary branches of the inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="28">
|
||
In a family-wide phylogenetic analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as sister to the remaining sampled species and support for this placement is high (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/656.5" author="Ortiz, RdC" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="49" pageNumber="58" pagination="1288 - 1312" refId="B50" refString="Ortiz, RdC, Wang, W, Jacques, FMB, Chen, Z-D, 2016. Phylogeny and a revised tribal classification of Menispermaceae (moonseed family) based on molecular and morphological data. Taxon 65 (6): 1288 - 1312, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/656.5" title="Phylogeny and a revised tribal classification of Menispermaceae (moonseed family) based on molecular and morphological data." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/656.5" volume="65" year="2016">Ortiz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It shares similar narrowly branched secondary axes in the staminate inflorescences with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. barnebyana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="barnebyana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">C. barnebyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">Abuta candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the basionym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">Curarea candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="28">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.) Barneby & Krukoff, is a sterile and unnumbered Richard collection from French Guiana (deposited in the P herbarium). Although the specimen in question shows features usu
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="29" start="start">ally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
not associated with the remaining specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as leaves with bilobulate apex, minutely undulate margins and penninerved venation, these features have sporadically been observed in a few sterile specimens of other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Curarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, although not in the same combination on the same specimen. I follow earlier workers in accepting this sterile specimen as the type of the basionym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Curarea candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Candolle, AP" journalOrPublisher="Regni Vegetabilis Sistema Naturale" pageId="47" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 564" refId="B13" refString="de Candolle, AP, 1818. . Regni Vegetabilis Sistema Naturale 1: 1 - 564" title="." volume="1" year="1818">de Candolle (1818)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the leaves are abaxially "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">glabris candicantibus</emphasis>
|
||
", hence the specific epithet, which highlights a distinctive feature of this species. However, in order to unequivocally fix the application of the name, an epitype is being designated is this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
On another unnumbered collection of Richard, also at P, one of the four labels has the annotation "Type coll. 2" made by Krukoff in 1968. This specimen is rather dissimilar from the type material: its leaf blades are elliptic, the apices are not bilobed and the secondary veins arise beyond the middle of the leaf, towards the apex; however, the abaxial surface is whitish. A comparison of this second specimen with other collections from the region suggests that it is conspecific with the fertile representatives of the species. However, there is no indication in de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candolle’s">Candolle's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original description of the existence of another specimen and he described the lamina as having a bilobed apex; thus this second specimen should not be considered part of the original material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In the protologue,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Martius, CFP" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" refId="B41" refString="von Martius, CFP, 1841. Cocculus dichroa. Flora 24. Beibl.2: 1-112." title="Cocculus dichroa. Flora 24. Beibl. 2: 1 - 112." year="1841">von Martius (1841)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
contrasted
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocculus dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Cocculus dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Abuta candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eichler, AG" editor="von Martius, CFP" journalOrPublisher="1 - 3" pageId="47" pageNumber="56" pagination="162 - 236" refId="B18" refString="Eichler, AG, 1864. Menispermaceae. In: von Martius, CFP, Ed., Flora Brasiliensis XIII. 1-3: 162 - 236" title="Menispermaceae." volumeTitle="Flora Brasiliensis XIII." year="1864">Eichler (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the two conspecific and placed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocculus dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Cocculus dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym. Similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miers, J" journalOrPublisher="Williams and Northgate, London" pageId="49" pageNumber="58" refId="B44" refString="Miers, J, 1871. A complete monograph of the Menispermaceae. Contributions to Botany III. Williams and Northgate, London" title="A complete monograph of the Menispermaceae. Contributions to Botany III." year="1871">Miers (1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 392) in listing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">Abuta? candicans</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a presumed species, imperfectly known species in current terminology, he also listed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocculus dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Cocculus dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. candicans" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">A. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Miers also noted that, due to its lack of inflorescences, it was uncertain whether the specimen in question belonged in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Ortiz" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Abuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abuta" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Abuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chondrodendron" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Chondrodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocculus dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Cocculus dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mart., has been considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Richard ex DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Sciadotenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sciadotenia candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Sciadotenia candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.) Diels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diels, L" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="47" pageNumber="56" refId="B16" refString="Diels, L, 1910. Menispermaceae. In: Engler A (Ed.) Pflanzenreich IV, 94. 1-345." title="Menispermaceae. In: Engler A (Ed.) Pflanzenreich IV, 94. 1 - 345." year="1910">Diels 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandw" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="L. C. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chondrodendron candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Chondrodendron candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.) Sandwith (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandwith, NY" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="49" pageNumber="58" refId="B53" refString="Sandwith, NY, 1930. XXXVIII Contributions to the flora of Tropical America. II Chondodendron candicans, a menispermaceous bush-rope of Guiana. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 339-343." title="XXXVIII Contributions to the flora of Tropical America. II Chondodendron candicans, a menispermaceous bush-rope of Guiana. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 339 - 343." year="1930">Sandwith 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, more recently,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Curarea candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rich.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">ex</emphasis>
|
||
DC.) Barneby & Krukoff (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 89" refId="B4" refString="Barneby, RC, Krukoff, BA, 1971. Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. VIII. A Generic Survey of the American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 22 (3): 1 - 89" title="Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. VIII. A Generic Survey of the American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae." volume="22" year="1971">Barneby and Krukoff 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The sterile type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocculus dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Cocculus dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at M, image from JStore, has the leaf blades ovate, with a long-acuminate apex and the adaxial surface somewhat bullate. While ovate and long-acuminate leaves are characteristic of juvenile leaves of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Curarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however a somewhat bullate adaxial surface has not been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This vegetative feature might turn out to be a distinguishing character when studied in more specimens and the extent of morphological variation
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is better understood. At this time however,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only other species known to occur in Para and, in this study, I hesitantly follow earlier workers in the family in including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dichroa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">C. dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. candicans" order="Ranunculales" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">C. candicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1909-02-15" collectorName="Santa Isabel. Ea., de Ferro, de Braganca" country="BRAZIL" location="Estrada de Ferro" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>Santa Isabel. Ea.</collectorName>
|
||
de F. [
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:8A781D96FA1BD3A8C913A84DFAC5AB32" country="BRAZIL" name="Estrada de Ferro" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
Estrada
|
||
<collectorName>de Ferro</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
]
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bragança">Braganca</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1909-02-15">15 Feb 1909</collectingDate>
|
||
, (detached old fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">collector unknown</emphasis>
|
||
, (RB n°. 19508!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="FRENCH GUIANA" location="Cayenne" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cayenne">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="French Guiana">FRENCH GUIANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion>Cayenne</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Richard s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, no date, (st), (P!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-11-01" country="French Guiana" elevation="300" latitude="3.6166668" location="Sentier Botanique" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-53.2" municipality="Vicinity of Eaux Claires" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Sauel">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saül">
|
||
<collectingRegion>Sauel</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Vicinity of Eaux Claires</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:17D0D133A72EEC923B61EE4A0793EC7A" country="French Guiana" latitude="3.6166668" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-53.2" municipality="Vicinity of Eaux Claires" name="Sentier Botanique" stateProvince="Sauel">Sentier Botanique</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Crique Tortue" secondLocation="Split">between Crique Tortue and Split</locationDeviation>
|
||
in trail,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.6166668">03°37'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="053" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.2">053°12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200-400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1992-11-01">1 Nov 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">Mori et al. 22743</emphasis>
|
||
(NY!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-01-22" collectingDateMax="2004-02-02" collectingDateMin="1989-01-22" collectorName="Hahn, Tiwari" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" elevation="100" latitude="6.35" location="Jansen-Jacobs" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Guyana">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Demerara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Mabura Hill</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Ekuk</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
compartment, mixed forest on loamy sand,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.1666665">05°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="058" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.75">058°45'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1989-10-12">12 Oct 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
buds & fl)
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:163E857A3E304036486258F0F4AF72F6" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" latitude="6.35" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" name="Jansen-Jacobs" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Jansen-Jacobs</location>
|
||
et al. 1995
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, (NY!,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="30" start="start">U</pageBreakToken>
|
||
!);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Guyana" name="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Upper Demerara-Berbice</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:4C218E37814D2E040DCE55B5E0E2491E" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" latitude="6.35" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" name="Pibiri Research Site" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Pibiri Research Site</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Mabura Hill">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="km" value="53.0">53 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Mabura Hill
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.016667">05°01'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="058" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.616665">058°37'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2004-02-02">2 Feb 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:645CD3CA6180F39B5B6DDD4DECBE5DA7" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" latitude="6.35" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" name="Torke" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Torke</location>
|
||
et al. 310
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Guyana" name="Cuyuni-Mazaruni">Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:7346D3E756B91D16D8D49A2ACC197E47" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" latitude="6.35" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" name="Kartabo" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Kartabo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:AD5243F86B03B5F215A54D687B3044FB" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" latitude="6.35" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" name="Willems Timber Concession" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Willems Timber Concession</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:66063068183F777F5DB6A5B107356D58" country="GUYANA" county="Mabura Hill" latitude="6.35" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-58.833332" municipality="Ekuk" name="Wallaba (Eperua) forest" stateProvince="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Wallaba (Eperua) forest</location>
|
||
on white sand,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.35">06°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.833332">58°50'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1989-01-22">22 Jan 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
, (old
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectorName>Hahn</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Tiwari</collectorName>
|
||
5136
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(US!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1929-11-06" collectorName="Sandwith" country="United States of America" county="Basin of Issororo River" location="Essequibo River" municipality="Jenman" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Essequibo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingRegion>Essequibo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Basin of Issororo River</collectingCounty>
|
||
, 1888, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Jenman</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
5199
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:7C0EEE3613D28581896468B2EFE908BA" country="United States of America" county="Basin of Issororo River" municipality="Jenman" name="Essequibo River" stateProvince="Essequibo">Essequibo River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:8FF39AD09B90FDFEE35ED2FB73208049" country="United States of America" county="Basin of Issororo River" municipality="Jenman" name="Moraballi Creek" stateProvince="Essequibo">Moraballi Creek</location>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:58FDC52BC4B567AE3C4102F17AEA8138" country="United States of America" county="Basin of Issororo River" municipality="Jenman" name="Bartica" stateProvince="Essequibo">Bartica</location>
|
||
, near sea level,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1929-11-06">6 Nov 1929</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectorName>Sandwith</collectorName>
|
||
561
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K! [3], NY n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1941-11" country="SURINAME" location="Without" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Suriname">SURINAME</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:BE1B99E94E3F83709D99A0A7BF1CEAFC" country="SURINAME" name="Without">Without</location>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1941-11">Nov 1941</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Krukoff 12305</emphasis>
|
||
(GH!, NY n.v.); Railroad Paramaribo-Dam,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1941-11">Nov 1941</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Krukoff 12335</emphasis>
|
||
(GH! [2], NY n.v., US n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1949-03-17" collectingDateMax="1980-09-22" collectingDateMin="1949-03-17" collectorName="In, Nassau, Lanjou, Lindeman, Lanjouw, Nickerie, Kabalebo Dam Project, Lely Mts., SW" country="United States of America" elevation="80" latitude="4.0" location="Boegroemaka forest" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-57.5" municipality="Lely Mts." specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectorName>In</collectorName>
|
||
hellingbos tussen, km 11.0 en 11.1, montibus, qui dicuntur
|
||
<collectorName>Nassau</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1949-03-17">17 Mar 1949</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectorName>Lanjou</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Lindeman</collectorName>
|
||
2775a
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY n.v., U!); ibid., (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectorName>Lanjouw</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Lindeman</collectorName>
|
||
2779
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY n.v., U!);
|
||
<collectorName>Nickerie</collectorName>
|
||
, area of
|
||
<collectorName>Kabalebo Dam Project</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="30.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="30.0">30-130 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:E7CAD8BBC3D996E4968B5EFAF901CD50" country="United States of America" latitude="4.0" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-57.5" municipality="Lely Mts." name="Boegroemaka forest">Boegroemaka forest</location>
|
||
on gentle slope towards creek, west of road, km 80,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.0">04°00'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-57.5">57°30'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1980-09-22">22 Sep 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Lindeman et al. 539</emphasis>
|
||
(U!);
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lely Mts.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, SW
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
plateaus covered by ferrobauxite, forest on plateau S of camp 4, 550-
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" unit="m" value="710.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" unit="m" value="710.0">710 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1975-10-05">5 Oct 1975</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Lindeman et al. 805</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, NY n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Open spot from fallen tree near
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" unit="m" value="7100.0">7100 m</quantity>
|
||
in line from road, km 80 eastward, area of Kabalebo Dam Project,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="30.0">30-130 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1981-11-11">11 Nov 1981</date>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Lindeman & de Roon 808</emphasis>
|
||
(U!); Mapane Creek area, along Sarwa road, plot in succession, no date, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Vreden 11663</emphasis>
|
||
(U!); Mapane Creek area,
|
||
<date value="1967-04-29">29 Apr 1967</date>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Vreden 11706</emphasis>
|
||
(U!); Without locality, (st), no date,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">collector unknown</emphasis>
|
||
(U-32454-B!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1982-01-28" collectingDateMax="1982-02-08" collectingDateMin="1982-01-28" collectorName="La Culebra" country="VENEZUELA" elevation="195" latitude="3.6666667" location="Huachamacari" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-65.75" municipality="Rio Cunucunuma" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Atabapo,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Rio Cunucunuma</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, entre las comunidades
|
||
<collectorName>La Culebra</collectorName>
|
||
y
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69799BD3D10E54449BE10A4612B2989F:14833E33FA0536999DD43E4F992403AD" country="VENEZUELA" latitude="3.6666667" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-65.75" municipality="Rio Cunucunuma" name="Huachamacari" stateProvince="Amazonas">Huachamacari</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="El Cerro Duida" secondLocation="Huachamacari">entre El Cerro Duida y Huachamacari</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.6666667">03°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="065" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.75">065°45'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="m" value="195.0" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="180.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="m" value="195.0" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="180.0">180-210 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1982-01-28" valueMax="1982-02-08" valueMin="1982-01-28">28 Jan-8 Feb 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="30">Steyermark et al. 125686</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, NY!, US!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |