255 lines
27 KiB
XML
255 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="7B413B948092117D1737815779AC4C15" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. & Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FF8A120AF398896A3020F4B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pelodryadidae Gunther 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E6AFDC829915C55D98A2C2641B534C5C">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A8CC9AD9B7F865900F17914AAAC5305">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C37FE8DDC0547510988E6D1E822FB7A6">Marion, Angela B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF17AEC5683F9DFC498315045C29994C">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2C610EB1469BB18436D6AC055CFA2E88">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D195D4AC090DA16960FB1ABE6A25527A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="383C8ACBF55648B77485B985C04C768F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8F15DB58F3E33623210DEABD04CB34FC">4104</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7250A29817FB28135B994FDC932DA9A3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EA87A5FF8A120AF398896A3020F4B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458544" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5458544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87A5FF8A120AF398896A3020F4B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A5FF8A120AF398896A3020F4B7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8A120AF398896A315AF710" box="[151,612,1076,1102]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF398896A315AF710" blockId="35.[151,612,1076,1102]" box="[151,612,1076,1102]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0B481DFFF8A120AF398896A315AF710" bold="true" box="[151,612,1076,1102]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF398896A315AF710" bold="true" box="[151,612,1076,1102]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF3F9896A315AF710" ID-CoL="625T8" authority="Gunther, 1859" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1859" box="[246,612,1076,1102]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pelodryadidae Günther, 1859</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8A120AF39889243073F6DB" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF3988924327DF7F1" blockId="35.[151,1436,1146,1199]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF398892432E9F7CE" ID-CoL="625T8" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,471,1146,1168]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Pelodryadidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8A120AF23B892432E9F7CE" author="Gunther" box="[308,471,1146,1168]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (" 1858 " 1859) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, xvi + 160 pp." type="book" year="1858">Günther, “1858</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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” 1859:345,
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<typeStatus id="54F88811FF8A120AF16F892531ACF7CE" box="[608,658,1147,1168]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF1E3892430C9F7CE" authority="Gunther, 1859" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1859" box="[748,1015,1146,1168]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pelodryas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF1E38924306CF7CE" box="[748,850,1146,1168]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pelodryas</emphasis>
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Günther, 1859
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF72A8925362EF7CE" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1061,1296,1146,1168]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF72A89253752F7CE" box="[1061,1132,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8A120AF7778924362EF7CE" author="Tschudi" box="[1144,1296,1146,1168]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Tschudi, J. J. v. (1838) Classification der Batrachier mit Berucksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Petitpierre, Neuchatel, 100 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59545" type="book" year="1838">Tschudi, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF398898236A2F63E" blockId="35.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF39889823228F7AB" bold="true" box="[151,278,1244,1269]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Definition.</emphasis>
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Arciferal pectoral girdle, eight procoelous presacral vertebrae, astragalus and calcaneum not fused, intercalary cartilages between terminal and penultimate phalanges, claw-shaped terminal phalanges, SVL from
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<quantity id="4CBB9B56FF8A120AF68F885E33FDF662" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
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in female
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF244887B31F3F662" authority="Anstis 2013" authorityName="Anstis" authorityYear="2013" box="[331,717,1316,1341]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microbelos">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF244887B311FF663" box="[331,545,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria microbelos</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8A120AF13A887A31F8F662" author="Anstis" box="[565,710,1316,1341]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Anstis, M. (2013) Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia. New Holland Press, London, 829 pp." type="book" year="2013">Anstis 2013</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<quantity id="4CBB9B56FF8A120AF1F3887A3061F662" box="[764,863,1316,1341]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
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in
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF081887B3782F662" box="[910,1212,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF081887B378BF662" box="[910,1205,1316,1340]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenatus">Nyctimystes infrafrenatus</taxonomicName>
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;
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</emphasis>
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free-living aquatic tadpoles with LTRF of no more than 2/3. Chromosome complement 2n = 26 (2n =
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<quantity id="4CBB9B56FF8A120AF72088163756F63E" box="[1071,1128,1351,1376]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF761881736B5F63E" box="[1134,1419,1352,1376]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenatus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF761881736B5F63E" box="[1134,1419,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nyctimystes infrafrenatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF3C888323073F6DB" blockId="35.[151,1436,1244,2025]" box="[199,845,1388,1413]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3C888323210F6DB" bold="true" box="[199,302,1388,1413]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Content.</emphasis>
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Two subfamilies, three genera, and 208 species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8A120AF3C888D13796F693" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF3C888D13796F693" blockId="35.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3C888D1325EF6F6" bold="true" box="[199,352,1423,1448]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF26888D132EFF6F6" box="[359,465,1423,1448]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, Tasmania, New
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF19D88D131D8F6F6" box="[658,742,1423,1448]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF1FE88D1308EF6F6" box="[753,944,1423,1448]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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, Bismark Archipelago,
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF7B588CE3627F6F9" box="[1210,1305,1424,1447]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
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, and Seram Island and
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF21D88EA3241F693" box="[274,383,1460,1485]" name="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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Islands in
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF2F688EA3154F693" box="[505,618,1460,1485]" name="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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. Introduced into
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF02888EB30EDF693" box="[807,979,1460,1485]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF8A120AF70588EB379AF693" box="[1034,1188,1460,1485]" name="New Zealand" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8A120AF3C888893795F54B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF3C888893795F54B" blockId="35.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3C888893270F6AE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1495,1520]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The familial name is taken from the generic name
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF0AD88893725F6AE" box="[930,1051,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF0AD88893728F6AE" box="[930,1046,1495,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pelodryas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pelodryas</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which is derived from the Greek
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF39888A233F9F54B" box="[151,199,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">pelo</emphasis>
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meaning clay or mud and the Greek
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF16988A2319AF54B" box="[614,676,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">dryos</emphasis>
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meaning tree; the implied meaning is unclear.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FF8A120AF3C88B413020F4B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF8A120AF3C88B413020F4B7" blockId="35.[151,1436,1244,2025]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3C88B413205F566" bold="true" box="[199,315,1567,1592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The phylogenetic relationships of pelodryadid frogs has been a major problem. As stated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8A120AF6478B7E33C0F503" author="Frost" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2006) 297 [0001: TATOL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Frost
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF6878B7F338AF503" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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(2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
:204–205), “The extensive paraphyly of ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF1C78B1B3028F502" box="[712,790,1605,1628]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF1C78B1B3028F502" box="[712,790,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’ with respect to
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF0DF8B1A3778F503" box="[976,1094,1604,1629]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Cyclorana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF0DF8B1A3778F503" box="[976,1094,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cyclorana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF78A8B1B3635F502" box="[1157,1291,1605,1628]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF78A8B1B3635F502" box="[1157,1291,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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’ remains the elephant in the room for Australian herpetology, and for reasons that escape us this spectacular problem has largely been ignored until recently.” As a result of their parsimony analysis that included three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF7E98BD33652F5FA" box="[1254,1388,1677,1700]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF7E98BD33652F5FA" box="[1254,1388,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and eight of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF3FC8BEF327FF596" box="[243,321,1713,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3FC8BEF327FF596" box="[243,321,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.5% of known pelodryadids)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF8A120AF1AC8BEE3055F596" box="[675,875,1711,1736]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2006) 297 [0001: TATOL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF1EC8BEF3025F596" box="[739,795,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF0FD8BEF3746F596" box="[1010,1144,1713,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF0FD8BEF3746F596" box="[1010,1144,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3988B8B33D5F5B2" box="[151,235,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF3988B8B33D6F5B2" box="[151,232,1749,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Litoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
because the generic recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF1D98B8B3062F5B2" box="[726,860,1749,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF1D98B8B3062F5B2" box="[726,860,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
made
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF0CA8B8B372DF5B2" box="[965,1043,1749,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF0CA8B8B372DF5B2" box="[965,1043,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paraphyletic. In our analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF3988BA93266F44E" box="[151,344,1783,1808]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phyllomedusidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF1478BA931D5F44E" box="[584,747,1783,1808]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pelodryadidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and these two families form the sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF6088BA9365EF44E" box="[1287,1376,1783,1808]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FF8A120AF6608BA93396F46A" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,447,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1415,447,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree of the families, subfamilies, and genera of arboranan frogs, distilled from the maximum likelihood phylogeny (Fig. 4). Names in red are new and those in blue are resurrected. The tree is rooted with Ceuthomantis smaragdinus, Dendrobates auratus, Haddadus binotatus, and Rhinoderma darwinii (not shown). Bootstrap support values are indicated at nodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265811/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The results of a maximum likelihood analysis of molecular data from 109 species (52% of known species) reveal three major clades of pelodryadids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FF8A120AF1758A6131FEF406" box="[634,704,1855,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,447,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1415,447,1889]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree of the families, subfamilies, and genera of arboranan frogs, distilled from the maximum likelihood phylogeny (Fig. 4). Names in red are new and those in blue are resurrected. The tree is rooted with Ceuthomantis smaragdinus, Dendrobates auratus, Haddadus binotatus, and Rhinoderma darwinii (not shown). Bootstrap support values are indicated at nodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265811/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF0248A6130F5F406" box="[811,971,1855,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pelodryadidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
two major clades of
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF7B48A1F3631F406" box="[1211,1295,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF7B48A1F3632F406" box="[1211,1292,1857,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Litoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as currently recognized, make
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF2678A3B3288F422" box="[360,438,1893,1916]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF2678A3B3288F422" box="[360,438,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paraphyletic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF1818A3B302AF422" box="[654,788,1893,1916]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF1818A3B302AF422" box="[654,788,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
intervening. Thus, we resurrect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF7858A3A3621F423" box="[1162,1311,1892,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Dryopsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF7858A3A3621F423" box="[1162,1311,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dryopsophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for one of the clades of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF2488AD732ABF4FE" box="[327,405,1929,1952]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF2488AD732ABF4FE" box="[327,405,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Furthermore, we recognize the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF0AA8AD9377BF4FE" box="[933,1093,1927,1952]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelodryadinae">Pelodryadinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF7DD8AD93659F4FE" box="[1234,1383,1927,1952]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Dryopsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF7DD8AD93659F4FE" box="[1234,1383,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dryopsophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF3988AF3321DF49A" box="[151,291,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF3988AF3321EF49A" box="[151,288,1965,1988]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimystes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
while leaving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF2C58AF33126F49A" box="[458,536,1965,1988]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF2C58AF33126F49A" box="[458,536,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the single genus in Pelobiinae. This classification necessitates rearrangement of the generic synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF8A120AF2C18A8F3122F4B6" box="[462,540,2001,2024]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF8A120AF2C18A8F3122F4B6" box="[462,540,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by Frost (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |