188 lines
22 KiB
XML
188 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F692797C3BF17108C0BB1091A5B4ABD1">Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago 2590</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F8C35DD1A8E2CB7ECFC289875AC34DF0">2010</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF2FFC3DCFFFDC6725A4DA4" box="[151,584,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCFFFDC6725A4DA4" blockId="12.[151,584,621,647]" box="[151,584,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0BC795FFFF2FFC3DCFFFDC6725A4DA4" bold="true" box="[151,584,621,647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCFFFDC6725A4DA4" bold="true" box="[151,584,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DC86FDC6725A4DA4" ID-CoL="7PXMR" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[238,584,621,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DC86FDC671654DA4" bold="true" box="[238,375,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
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L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DDC8FDC6725A4DA4" author="Agassiz, L." box="[416,584,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF2FFC3DCFFFD1372154DEC" box="[151,519,696,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCFFFD1372154DEC" blockId="12.[151,893,696,751]" box="[151,519,696,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5BE91DFFF2FFC3DCFFFD1372154DEC" box="[151,519,696,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEAE822FFF2FFC3DCFFFD1372114DEC" author="Agassiz, L." box="[151,515,696,719]" page="224" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1862">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DCFFFD1372114DEC" ID-CoL="7PXMR" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862: 224" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,515,696,719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCFFFD13711D4DEC" box="[151,271,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
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L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DD5BFD1372114DEC" author="Agassiz, L." box="[307,515,696,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862: 224</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF2FFC3DCFFFD7C736F4DCC" box="[151,893,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCFFFD7C736F4DCC" blockId="12.[151,893,696,751]" box="[151,893,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCFFFD7C71394DCC" bold="true" box="[151,299,727,751]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<typeStatus id="54F07091FFF2FFC3DCFFFD7C70DD4DCC" box="[151,207,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DD50FD7372CC4DCC" ID-CoL="4SCMY" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[312,734,728,751]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DD50FD7372334DCC" box="[312,545,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
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L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DE2DFD7372CC4DCC" author="Agassiz, L." box="[581,734,728,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF2FFC3DCFFFCB473044C91" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCFFFCB471E14CA9" blockId="12.[151,1436,799,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCFFFCB471054C1A" bold="true" box="[151,279,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Oceaniid hydroids with stolonal colonies. Hydranths arising from hydrorhiza, with thin perisarcal collar at base, varied in shape but nearly cylindrical when extended; tentacles filiform, scattered over much of hydranth; hypostome conical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCAEFC3373044C91" blockId="12.[151,1436,799,1626]" box="[198,790,920,946]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gonophores fixed sporosacs, borne on hydrorhiza.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF2FFC3DCAEFC1470F14979" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCAEFC14723D4A49" blockId="12.[151,1436,799,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCAEFC14712D4CFA" bold="true" box="[198,319,959,985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DDA3FC6B730D4CF9" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[459,799,960,986]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DDA3FC6B725D4CFA" box="[459,591,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
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L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DE10FC6B730D4CF9" author="Agassiz, L." box="[632,799,960,986]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other oceaniid hydroids in having stolonal colonies with fixed gonophores that arise only from the hydrorhiza, and in lacking nematophores.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DCFFFBBB71FE4B09" authority="Calder, 1988" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,492,1040,1066]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCFFFBBB71584B0A" box="[151,330,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizodendrium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DD3CFBBB71FE4B09" author="Calder, D. R." box="[340,492,1040,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref52713" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been considered a synonym (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DFECFBBB74514B09" author="Schuchert, P." box="[900,1091,1040,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref64494" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3D83AFBBB75554B09" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F." box="[1106,1351,1040,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref51270" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 591 pp." type="book" year="2006">
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Bouillon
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3D8AAFBBB74EA4B0A" box="[1218,1272,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
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. 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and I agree.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DC8FFB9371884B72" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[231,410,1080,1105]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DC8FFB9371884B72" box="[231,410,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizodendrium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was established after comparing
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DF45FB93745B4B71" authority="Calder, 1988" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[813,1097,1080,1106]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DF45FB9373B54B72" box="[813,935,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. sterreri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DFD9FB93745B4B71" author="Calder, D. R." box="[945,1097,1080,1106]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref52713" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F35C8EA3FFF2FFC3D8FEFB9375134B71" box="[1174,1281,1080,1106]" name="Bermuda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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with incompletely described and poorly preserved
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<typeStatus id="54F07091FFF2FFC3DE00FBCB72884B59" box="[616,666,1120,1146]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DF44FBCB75124B59" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[812,1280,1120,1146]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DF44FBCB743F4B5A" box="[812,1069,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
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L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3D83EFBCB75124B59" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1110,1280,1120,1146]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54F07091FFF2FFC3D965FBCB752D4B59" box="[1293,1343,1120,1146]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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||
species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DCDFFB2371294B82" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[183,315,1160,1185]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCDFFB2371294B82" box="[183,315,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, from Massachusetts. The diagram and description of the hydranth of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3D810FB23751C4B82" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1144,1294,1160,1185]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3D810FB23751C4B82" box="[1144,1294,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3D93EFB2371694BE9" author="Agassiz, L." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz (1862: 224–226</bibRefCitation>
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, Plate 20) must be considered misleading based on subsequent observations of the species. Abundant fertile colonies identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DE10FB7373004BD2" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[632,786,1240,1265]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DE10FB7373004BD2" box="[632,786,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Passamaquoddy Bay,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C8EA3FFF2FFC3D806FB7374D44BD1" box="[1134,1222,1240,1266]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(ROMIZ B3101, ROMIZ B3102) generally overlap
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DE5CFAAB73554A3A" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[564,839,1280,1305]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DE5CFAAB73554A3A" box="[564,839,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in important characters such as hypostome shape, tentacle numbers and arrangement, and gonophore morphology, the reasons originally given for establishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DCFFFAFB71584A4A" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,330,1360,1385]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DCFFFAFB71584A4A" box="[151,330,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizodendrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF2FFC3DCAEFAD370F14979" blockId="12.[151,1436,799,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Five species are currently recognized in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DF5BFAD374814AB1" authority="(Schuchert 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Schuchert" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[819,1171,1400,1426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DF5BFAD373A54AB2" box="[819,951,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DFA1FAD374994AB1" author="Schuchert, P." box="[969,1163,1400,1426]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref64674" refString="Schuchert, P. (2009) World Hydrozoa Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa (Last date of access: 28 December 2009)." type="url" year="2009">Schuchert 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Possible undescribed species have been noted in both the Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DE9CFA0B74664A99" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D." box="[756,1140,1440,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="165 - 181" refId="ref56992" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Mioche, D. (1996) Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices on a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina, 60, 165 - 181." type="journal article" year="1996">Gravier-Bonnet & Mioche 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in European waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DCF6FA6371F14AC1" author="Schuchert, P." box="[158,483,1480,1506]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="221 - 302" refId="ref64602" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 a) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 3. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 221 - 302." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008a: 273–274</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3DEE7FA6373014AC2" baseAuthorityName="Schuchert" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[655,787,1480,1505]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3DEE7FA6373014AC2" box="[655,787,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mostly inconspicuous and poorly known, but they now appear to be notably widespread. Representatives have been reported from the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic oceans, and some are known to raft on phoretic substrates such as pelagic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF2FFC3D81DF9B374E64912" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[1141,1268,1560,1585]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF2FFC3D81DF9B374E64912" box="[1141,1268,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3D96BF9B375854911" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1283,1431,1560,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref52713" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF2FFC3DCFFF9EB70C44979" author="Calder, D. R." box="[151,214,1600,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="537 - 546" refId="ref52855" refString="Calder, D. R. (1995) Hydroid assemblages on holopelagic Sargassum from the Sargasso Sea at Bermuda. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56, 537 - 546." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |