154 lines
16 KiB
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154 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6495685" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6495685" approvalRequired="8" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="7" checkinTime="1630375632161" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Lundberg, John G. & Dahdul, Wasila M." docDate="2008" docId="03DD87B7FFD4FF9A61FDA518FB84FD4B" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2008.43.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252008000300018&lng=en&tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Megalonema Eigenmann 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="441" masterDocId="FFE4FFCFFFD5FF98622EA118FFB9FF92" masterDocTitle="Two new cis-Andean species of the South American catfish genus Megalonema allied to trans-Andean Megalonema xanthum, with description of a new subgenus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="454" masterPageNumber="439" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" updateTime="1651011573334" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new cis-Andean species of the South American catfish genus Megalonema allied to trans-Andean Megalonema xanthum, with description of a new subgenus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lundberg, John G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dahdul, Wasila M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>439</mods:start>
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<mods:end>454</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252008000300018&lng=en&tlng=en</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252008000300018</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5419874</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6495685" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6495685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87B7FFD4FF9A61FDA518FB84FD4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B7FFD4FF9A61FDA518FB84FD4B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<subSubSection box="[979,1326,1024,1048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[979,1326,1024,1048]" box="[979,1326,1024,1048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<heading box="[979,1326,1024,1048]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Eigenmann, 1912" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[979,1326,1024,1048]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[979,1326,1024,1048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[979,1124,1024,1048]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Megalonema</emphasis>
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Eigenmann, 1912
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[831,1390,1090,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1390,1090,1114]" box="[831,1390,1090,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<taxonomicName authority="Eigenmann, 1912 a: 150" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1912" box="[831,1227,1090,1114]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[831,970,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Megalonema</emphasis>
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Eigenmann, 1912a: 150
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</taxonomicName>
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. Gender neuter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="440" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1474,1154,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,974,1155,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<typeStatus box="[831,886,1155,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Eigenmann, 1912 a" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[977,1470,1154,1178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platycephalum">
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<emphasis box="[977,1271,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Megalonema platycephalum</emphasis>
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Eigenmann, 1912a
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1474,1250,1946]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1482,193,729]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,949,1251,1274]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Eigenmann’s (1912a) diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[1333,1473,1250,1274]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1333,1473,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Megalonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a mixture of derived and plesiomorphic character states, each with a checkered distribution among pimelodids. Accordingly, we offer an alternative diagnosis emphasizing unique or unambiguous synapomorphies. Thus,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[1335,1474,1378,1402]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1335,1474,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Megalonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the following. A unique structure of the gas bladder and its encapsulating processes of the Weberian complex (
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<figureCitation box="[941,1005,1475,1498]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,199,1121,1144]" captionTargetBox="[158,801,192,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-558@2.[158,801,192,1099]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. a, Weberian complex, post-Weberian vertebrae, basioccipital region and upper bones of shoulder girdle of Megalonema cf. platycephalum, ANSP 178515. b, Weberian complex and gas bladder of M. orixanthum, ANSP 187450. aoc = bony aortic canal; bocc = basioccipital; ccfl = ventral flange of compound centrum; tcom = position of gas bladder tubular commissure posterior to ventral flange; clr = cleithral ring; cpcv = position of bony canal for passage of posterior cardinal vein; gbld = lateral distention of gas bladder; gbtc = transverse commissure of gas bladder; ij5-6 = typical intervertebral joint between c5 and c6; tp4 = ventrally incomplete bony capsules surrounding lateral lobes of gas bladder formed by deeply down-curved 4th transverse processes of Weberian complex; c1, c5, c6, c7 = vertebrae designated by their ordinal numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419876/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) including: reduced, dumbbell-shaped gas bladder with distended lateral lobes connected by a tubular commissure ventrally crossing Weberian compound centrum; paired, ventrally incomplete bony capsules surrounding lateral lobes of gas bladder formed by deeply down-curved 4
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1461,1473,1601,1615]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">th</superScript>
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transverse processes of Weberian complex; a prominent ventral flange of compound centrum immediately anterior to tubular commissure of gas bladder and sutural joint with 5
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1462,1474,1697,1711]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">th</superScript>
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centrum. Paired bony canals of passage for posterior cardinal veins and median aortic canal all very short, formed by ventral flange crossing compound centrum. Bony aortic canal, in some specimens, continued anterior to ventral flange by a second thin midventral bridge (
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<figureCitation box="[1070,1128,1859,1882]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,199,1121,1144]" captionTargetBox="[158,801,192,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-558@2.[158,801,192,1099]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. a, Weberian complex, post-Weberian vertebrae, basioccipital region and upper bones of shoulder girdle of Megalonema cf. platycephalum, ANSP 178515. b, Weberian complex and gas bladder of M. orixanthum, ANSP 187450. aoc = bony aortic canal; bocc = basioccipital; ccfl = ventral flange of compound centrum; tcom = position of gas bladder tubular commissure posterior to ventral flange; clr = cleithral ring; cpcv = position of bony canal for passage of posterior cardinal vein; gbld = lateral distention of gas bladder; gbtc = transverse commissure of gas bladder; ij5-6 = typical intervertebral joint between c5 and c6; tp4 = ventrally incomplete bony capsules surrounding lateral lobes of gas bladder formed by deeply down-curved 4th transverse processes of Weberian complex; c1, c5, c6, c7 = vertebrae designated by their ordinal numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419876/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Transformator process of tripus reduced to a thin tapering splint on anteromedial wall of gas bladder lobe. Vertebral centra five and six articulate by a in
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<emphasis box="[864,1010,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[864,1005,193,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalonema</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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small median sac with anterior projections in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller & Troschel in Muller" authorityYear="1843" box="[880,1006,225,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Calophysus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[880,1006,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Calophysus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, and a pair of small separate sacs in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Howes" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[839,1012,257,281]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Hypophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[839,1012,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Hypophthalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1482,193,729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">
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We also note that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[1090,1234,289,313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1090,1234,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Megalonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may have a possibly diagnostic dark caudal spot embedded within the base of upper lobe of the caudal fin, internal to uppermost 4-5 branched fin rays. Some specimens show a matching spot on the lower lobe. We have observed the upper caudal spot in specimens of all species except
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="MacDonagh" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1061,1201,450,473]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
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<emphasis box="[1061,1201,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">M. argentina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(no specimens examined) and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[884,1013,481,505]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">
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<emphasis box="[884,1013,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">M. xanthum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for which the only available specimens are the faded
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<typeStatus box="[944,1001,514,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">types</typeStatus>
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collected nearly a century ago. It is possible that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[886,1014,545,569]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Megalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthum">
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<emphasis box="[886,1014,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">M. xanthum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the caudal spot in life but it is bleached out as it is in faded specimens of other species. Upper lobe caudal spots in a similar position are also found in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Lundberg & Littmann" authorityYear="2003" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pimelodidae</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bleeker in Bleeker" authorityYear="1862" box="[921,1068,641,665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Hemisorubim" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[921,1068,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Hemisorubim</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Haseman" authorityYear="1911" box="[1083,1214,641,665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platysilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1083,1214,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Platysilurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bleeker in Bleeker" authorityYear="1862" box="[1269,1475,641,665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystomatichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1269,1475,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="441">Platystomatichthys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but in these the pigmentation is chromatophores in the skin, external to the fin rays.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |