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<mods:title id="AC76B98C2C959397D732E18CED3C8923">Revision of the genus Thyreocephalus and description of Afrus gen. nov. of Africa south of the Sahara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFF4AFD22FEC7BCBF" box="[151,312,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thyreocephalus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFEE0FD22FDA4BCBF" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[317,603,644,666]" page="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1844">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFEE0FD22FDC9BCBF" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[317,566,644,666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie de regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de zoologie. III. Texte explicatif. Insectes. J. B. Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp." type="book" year="1844">Guérin-Méneville, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFDBBFD22FCE8BCBF" author="Sharp" box="[614,791,644,666]" page="498" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1885">
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: 498
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFCFCFD22FC0CBCBF" author="Cameron" box="[801,1011,644,666]" page="354" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFCFCFD22FC3FBCBF" author="Cameron" box="[801,960,644,666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Cameron, M. (1921) New species of Staphylinidae from Singapore. Part IV (Conclusion). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1920, 347 - 413. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1921. tb 00228. x" type="journal article" year="1921">
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, 1921
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: 354
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFC23FD22FB67BCBF" author="Steel" box="[1022,1176,644,666]" page="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFC23FD22FB8DBCBF" author="Steel" box="[1022,1138,644,666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Steel, W. O. (1938) On the xantholinid genera Thyreocephalus Guer. and Eulissus Mannh. (Col. Staphylinidae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 74, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1938">Steel, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 55
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFB7EFD22FA67BCBF" author="Blackwelder" box="[1187,1432,644,666]" page="490" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFB7EFD22FA9BBCBF" author="Blackwelder" box="[1187,1380,644,666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1943) Monograph of the West Indian beetles of the family Staphylinidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 182, i - viii + 1 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.182. i" type="journal article" year="1943">Blackwelder, 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 490
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; 1952: 390;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFEE1FD04FE00BC9D" author="Coiffait" box="[316,511,674,696]" page="128" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFEE1FD04FE31BC9D" author="Coiffait" box="[316,462,674,696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Coiffait, H. (1968) Contribution a la connaissance des Xantholininae (Coleopteres Staphylinidae) du Gabon. Biologia Gabonica, 4 (2), 127 - 161." type="journal article" year="1968">Coiffait, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 128
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and 152;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFDBAFD04FCC9BC9D" author="Smetana" box="[615,822,674,696]" page="348" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFDBAFD04FCFDBC9D" author="Smetana" box="[615,770,674,696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Smetana, A. (1977) Lectotype designations and taxonomic remarks on some xantholinine genera and species from Central and South America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 31 (4), 347 - 362." type="journal article" year="1977">Smetana, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 348
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; 1982: 66;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFC76FD05FB3DBC9D" author="Moore" box="[939,1218,674,696]" page="76" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFC76FD05FB63BC9D" author="Moore" box="[939,1180,674,696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Moore, I. &amp; Legner, E. F. (1979) An illustrated guide to the genera of the Staphylinidae of America North of Mexico exlusive of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera). Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California Publication, 4093, 1 - 332." type="journal article" year="1979">Moore &amp; Legner, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 76
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,
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFB10FD04FA67BC9D" author="Bordoni" box="[1229,1432,674,696]" page="210" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFB10FD04FA9ABC9D" author="Bordoni" box="[1229,1381,674,696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bordoni, A. (2002) Xantholinini della Regione Orientale (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Classificazione, filogenesi e revisione tassonomica. Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 33, 1 - 998." type="journal article" year="2002">Bordoni, 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 210
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; 2005a: 478; 2005b: 354; 2010: 318;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFDE1FD67FC5FBCF2" author="Navarette-Heredia" box="[572,928,705,727]" page="319" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFDE1FD67FC92BCF2" author="Navarette-Heredia" box="[572,877,705,727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Navarette-Heredia, J. L., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K. &amp; Chandler, D. S. (2002) Guia illustrada para los generos de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico. Universidad de Guadalajara &amp; CONABIO, Mexico, xii + 401 pp." type="book" year="2002">Navarette-Heredia et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 319
</treatmentCitation>
; Newton et al. 2001: 328 et 392, 2005: 48;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFA81FD67FECFBCD3" author="Janak" page="130" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFA81FD67FF01BCD3" author="Janak" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Janak, J. (2010) On the genus Thyreocephalus from Africa south of Sahara with description of four new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Xantholinini). Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series, 6, 129 - 147." type="journal article" year="2010">Janák, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 130
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFEE7FD46FDD6BCD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193600" author="Asenjo" box="[314,553,736,758]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB21423A5B0F3EFF6CF9529C817C71" page="359" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFEE7FD46FE09BCD3" author="Asenjo" box="[314,502,736,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Asenjo, A., Irmler, U., Klimaszewski, J., Herman L. H. &amp; Chandler D. S. (2013) A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil. Insecta Mundi, 0 277, 1 - 419." type="journal article" year="2013">Asenjo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 359
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.
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<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFF4AFD58FF15BD31" box="[151,234,766,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linidius</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFF2DFD58FE5EBD31" author="Sharp" box="[240,417,766,788]" page="196" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFF2DFD58FE90BD31" author="Sharp" box="[240,367,766,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Sharp, D. S. (1876) Contribution to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera-Staphylinidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1876, 27 - 424. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1876. tb 01123. x" type="journal article" year="1876">Sharp, 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 196
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFE76FD58FDB9BD31" author="Steel" box="[427,582,766,788]" page="56" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFE76FD58FDDFBD31" author="Steel" box="[427,544,766,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Steel, W. O. (1938) On the xantholinid genera Thyreocephalus Guer. and Eulissus Mannh. (Col. Staphylinidae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 74, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1938">Steel, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 56
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.
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<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFF4AFCBBFEE4BD16" box="[151,283,797,819]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Saurohypnus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFEFDFCBBFE2EBD16" author="Sharp" box="[288,465,797,819]" page="501" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFEFDFCBBFE61BD16" author="Sharp" box="[288,414,797,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Sharp, D. S. (1885) Staphylinidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. 1 (2). Taylor &amp; Francis, London, pp. 393 - 536." type="journal article" year="1885">Sharp, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 501
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFE06FCBBFD72BD16" author="Casey" box="[475,653,797,819]" page="373" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFE06FCBBFDA5BD16" author="Casey" box="[475,602,797,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Casey, T. L. (1906) Observations on the staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 16 (6), 125 - 434." type="journal article" year="1906">Casey, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 373
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFD45FCB8FCB1BD16" author="Arnett" box="[664,846,797,819]" page="247" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFD45FCB8FCE4BD16" author="Arnett" box="[664,795,797,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Arnett, R. H. Jr. (1960) The beetles of the United States (A manual for identification). Washington, D. C., The Catholic University of America, xi + 1112 pp." type="book" year="1960">Arnett, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 247
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFC85FCB8FBFBBD16" author="Moore" box="[856,1028,797,819]" page="94" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFC85FCB8FC21BD16" author="Moore" box="[856,990,797,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Moore, I. (1963) Key to Nearctic xantholinine genera and a new Platyprosopus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 17, 94 - 96." type="journal article" year="1963">Moore, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 94
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFBD2FCB8FAD0BD16" author="Moore" box="[1039,1327,797,819]" page="557" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFBD2FCB8FB03BD16" author="Moore" box="[1039,1276,797,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Moore, I. &amp; Legner, E. F. (1974) Keys to the genera of the Staphylinidae of America north of Mexico exclusive of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Hilgardia, 42 (16), 548 - 563. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 42 n 16 p 548" type="journal article" year="1974">Moore &amp; Legner, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF4AFC9AFBF3BD77" blockId="13.[151,1436,644,850]" box="[151,1036,828,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2411CD5536FFCCFF4AFC9AFBF3BD77" box="[151,1036,828,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605536FFCCFF4AFC9AFE39BD77" authority="Heller, 1900: 5" authorityName="Heller" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,454,828,850]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Indoscitalinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFF4AFC9AFED8BD77" box="[151,295,828,850]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indoscitalinus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFEF1FC9AFE39BD77" author="Heller" box="[300,454,828,850]" page="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFEF1FC9AFE52BD77" author="Heller" box="[300,429,828,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Heller, K. M. (1900) Neue Kafer von Celebes IV. Abhandlungen und Berichte Konigl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch- Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 9 (5), 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1900">Heller, 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectingCountry id="F32376735536FFCCFE0FFC9AFDCEBD77" box="[466,561,828,850]" name="Cameroon" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cameron</collectingCountry>
, 1932: 33;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFD7CFC9AFCC3BD77" author="Steel" box="[673,828,828,850]" page="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFD7CFC9AFCE9BD77" author="Steel" box="[673,790,828,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Steel, W. O. (1938) On the xantholinid genera Thyreocephalus Guer. and Eulissus Mannh. (Col. Staphylinidae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 74, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1938">Steel, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 55
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510F25536FFCCFC9AFC9AFBF6BD77" author="Shibata" box="[839,1033,828,850]" page="126" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFC9AFC9AFC29BD77" author="Shibata" box="[839,982,828,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Shibata, Y. (1973) The subfamily Xantholininae from Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 11 (4), 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1973">Shibata, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E65685536FFCCFF4AFCD8FCA6BA26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF4AFCD8FEDFBD9E" blockId="13.[151,1437,894,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFF4AFCD8FECBBDB2" bold="true" box="[151,308,894,919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="548F88415536FFCCFF4AFCD8FF2DBDB2" box="[151,210,894,919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605536FFCCFE90FCD8FC7EBDB2" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1844" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" box="[333,897,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jekelii">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFE90FCD8FDAABDB2" box="[333,597,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thyreocephalus jekelii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFDB8FCD8FC7EBDB2" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[613,897,894,919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie de regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de zoologie. III. Texte explicatif. Insectes. J. B. Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp." type="book" year="1844">Guérin-Méneville, 1844</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFB8DFCD9FB1DBDB2" author="Lucas" box="[1104,1250,895,919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Lucas, R. (1920) Catalogus alphabeticus generum et subgenerum Coleopterorum orbis terrarum totius (famil., trib., subtr., sect. incl.). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A), 84 (1918), 1 - 696." type="journal article" year="1920">Lucas, 1920</bibRefCitation>
by subsequent designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF1AFC60FCA6BA26" blockId="13.[151,1437,894,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The following redescription is based on redescriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFC8AFC61FBF5BDFA" author="Smetana" box="[855,1034,967,991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Smetana, A. (1982) Revision of the subfamily Xantholininae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 120, 1 - 389. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 114120 fv" type="journal article" year="1982">Smetana (1982)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B125536FFCCFB9EFC60FB2ABDFA" author="Janak" box="[1091,1237,966,991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Janak, J. (2010) On the genus Thyreocephalus from Africa south of Sahara with description of four new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Xantholinini). Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series, 6, 129 - 147." type="journal article" year="2010">Janák (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and is completed and extended for hitherto revised species from various regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E65685536FFD0FF1AFBA8FAE0BA35" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF1AFBA8FBE7BA02" blockId="13.[151,1437,894,2035]" box="[199,1048,1038,1063]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFF1AFBA8FE8BBA02" bold="true" box="[199,372,1038,1063]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Redescription.</emphasis>
Form elongate, stout, of large to very large size (
<quantity id="4CCC9B065536FFCCFC41FBA8FBF3BA02" box="[924,1036,1038,1063]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="9.0">9–25 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF1AFB94FA62BBDE" blockId="13.[151,1437,894,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Head variably punctate (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFE33FB94FDACBA6E" box="[494,595,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFDB8FB95FD2EBA6E" box="[613,721,1075,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 124 – 129. 124, 125" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,318,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[150,1437,301,1751]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 124 – 129. 124, 125, Thyreocephalus michaeli Janák; 126, 127, T. ferox (Harold); 128, 129, T. raptor Tottenham; 124, 126, 128, habitus; 125, 127, 129, head. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289905/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">127, 129</figureCitation>
), punctures not forming semi-impressed rows of coalescent grooves, frontal grooves short or moderately long, ocular grooves less deep, inconspicuous or absent. Anterior margin of frons between antennal insertions extended into short and very wide, apically truncate process, limited at each side by rounded emargination, and slightly impressed dorsally. Eyes small, temples longer than length of eyes seen from above, evenly rounded, hind angles rounded or acute. Antennae geniculate, moderately short, antennal insertions separated from each other by distance about equal to distance separating each insertion from anteromedian margin of eye, first segment long, thickened towards apex, equal in length to at least the four following segments combined, second segment shorter than third, distal segments more or less transverse. Labrum completely chitinised, short, transverse, more or less lobate (
<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFC9CFAF2FC9DBB4E" box="[833,866,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFCAAFAF4FC2BBB4E" box="[887,980,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 34" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,189,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,177,1947]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 34. Thyreocephalus tsingidianus sp. nov.; 30, head and pronotum; 31, labrum; 32, male tergite 10; 33, male sternite 9; 34, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289885/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFC3DFAF4FC01BB4E" box="[992,1022,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 79" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,205,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[172,1416,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 79. Thyreocephalus ater (Laporte); 75, head and pronotum; 76, labrum; 77, male tergite 10; 78, male sternite 9; 79, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289894/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">76</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFBD7FAF4FBCABB4E" box="[1034,1077,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 158 – 165" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,206,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 158 – 165. Thyreocephalus interocularis (Eppelsheim); 158, head and pronotum (iop—interior ocular puncture, pop—postocular punctures); 159, labrum; 160, male tergite 10; 161, male sternite 9; 162, aedeagus; 163, 164, median lobe (extreme shapes); 165, paramere (extreme shape)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289914/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">159</figureCitation>
) or rounded (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFB12FAF4FAD1BB4E" box="[1231,1326,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 130 – 134" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[247,1335,199,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[228,1349,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 130 – 134. Thyreocephalus ferox (Harold); 130, head and pronotum; 131, labrum; 132, male tergite 10; 133, male sternite 9; 134, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289906/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
) apically, with long and strong apical setae. Mandible stout, lateral furrow reduced to vague impression at base. Maxillary palpi moderately long, segment 3 shorter than segment 2, segment 4 longer and somewhat narrower than segment 3, subacute apically. Labial palpi moderately long, last segment distinctly longer than segment 2. Mentum short, transverse, pentagonal. Ligula divided. Gula very short, gular sutures contiguous or narrowly separated posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF1AF9A1FA8CB8F6" blockId="13.[151,1437,894,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Pronotum without dorsal rows of punctures, with one big puncture (without seta) close to anterior angles (
<emphasis id="B940EAF15536FFCCFAB1F9A1FA64B83B" box="[1388,1435,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">e.g.,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFF4AF98CFF0DB866" box="[151,242,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[185,1398,208,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[156,1430,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham) — T. pilosus group; 23, T. alluaudi (Fauvel) — T. ater group. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289882/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFF23F98CFEE2B866" box="[254,285,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25</figureCitation>
); antesternal plate with a suture (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFD50F98CFD1FB866" box="[653,736,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); both superior and inferior line of pronotal hypomera strongly developed, superior line turning downwards well before middle, joining or almost joining inferior line next to front margin of procoxae and continuing onto front margin of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFC15F9D4FBDCB8AE" box="[968,1059,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFB0FF9D4FAD5B8AE" box="[1234,1322,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) elevated medioposteriorly, without or with posteromedian carina, intercoxal process protruding, triangular (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFAEEF930FA70B88A" box="[1331,1423,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); epimera present. Mesosternum very short, transverse, widely separating middle coxae. Metasternum very long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35536FFCCFF1AF978FF12B9D6" blockId="13.[151,1437,894,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Elytra overlapping at suture (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFDCBF978FD5DB8D2" box="[534,674,1758,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[185,1398,208,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[156,1430,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham) — T. pilosus group; 23, T. alluaudi (Fauvel) — T. ater group. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289882/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 22, 23</figureCitation>
). Legs moderately long; protarsi simple (not dilated) in either sex, first four segments gradually becoming shorter, last segment about as long as three preceding segments combined; protibiae with numerous strong spines on outer margin; mesotibiae strongly spinose, with apical ctenidium which extends onto inner margin backwards to about middle and with another similar ctenidium above it; first segment of mesotarsus and metatarsus about equally long as second, last segment about as long as preceding segments combined; metatibiae spinose on outer margin, with apical ctenidium which extends onto inner margin backwards to about middle, and with another similar ctenidium above it extending along outer margin to about middle (
<figureCitation id="130F2A665536FFCCFAB9F810FF1EB9D6" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1802,1824]" captionTargetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. 24, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham); 25, 27, T. alluaudi (Fauvel); 26, T. interocularis (Eppelsheim); 28, T. ferox (Harold); 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 27, 28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B666B5535FFCFFF4AF8E9FEE9B9A6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289882/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[185,1398,208,1778]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35535FFCFFF4AF8E9FEE9B9A6" blockId="14.[151,1437,1871,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15535FFCFFF4AF8E9FEABB940" bold="true" box="[151,340,1871,1893]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 22–23.</emphasis>
22,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605535FFCFFE5DF8E9FCC1B940" authority="Tottenham" authorityName="Tottenham" box="[384,830,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneiventris">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15535FFCFFE5DF8E9FD43B940" box="[384,700,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thyreocephalus brunneiventris</emphasis>
(Tottenham)
</taxonomicName>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605535FFCFFC85F8F6FC46B940" box="[856,953,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15535FFCFFC85F8F6FC46B940" box="[856,953,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; 23,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605535FFCFFBF2F8F6FB08B940" authority="Fauvel" authorityName="Fauvel" box="[1071,1271,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xantholinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15535FFCFFBF2F8F6FB63B940" box="[1071,1180,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. alluaudi</emphasis>
(Fauvel)
</taxonomicName>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605535FFCFFACFF8F6FAADB940" box="[1298,1362,1872,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eulissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15535FFCFFACFF8F6FAADB940" box="[1298,1362,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. ater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Scale 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B666B5534FFCEFF4AF8ACFDBDB959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289883/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[152,1422,209,1768]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B8B36E35534FFCEFF4AF8ACFDBDB959" blockId="15.[151,1436,1802,1916]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15534FFCEFF4AF8ACFEA3B905" bold="true" box="[151,348,1802,1824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURES 24–28.</emphasis>
24,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605534FFCEFE44F8ACFC94B905" authority="Tottenham" authorityName="Tottenham" box="[409,875,1802,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneiventris">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15534FFCEFE44F8ACFD23B905" box="[409,732,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thyreocephalus brunneiventris</emphasis>
(Tottenham)
</taxonomicName>
; 25, 27,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605534FFCEFC07F8ADFB48B905" authority="Fauvel" authorityName="Fauvel" box="[986,1207,1802,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Xantholinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15534FFCEFC07F8ADFBAFB905" box="[986,1104,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. alluaudi</emphasis>
(Fauvel)
</taxonomicName>
; 26,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605534FFCEFB24F8ADFEDDB91A" authority="Eppelsheim" authorityName="Eppelsheim" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interocularis">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15534FFCEFB24F8ADFA63B905" box="[1273,1436,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. interocularis</emphasis>
(Eppelsheim)
</taxonomicName>
; 28,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D605534FFCEFE89F88CFDFEB91A" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" box="[340,513,1833,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="B940EAF15534FFCEFE89F88CFE61B91A" box="[340,414,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. ferox</emphasis>
(Harold)
</taxonomicName>
; 24, 25, head and anterior part of pronotum; 26, ventral side of pronotum (ap—antesternal plate, pr—prosternum, ip—intercoxal process, SL—superior line, IL—inferior line); 27, 28, metatibia (ac—apical ctenidium, sac—subapical ctenidium). Scale 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B666B552BFFD1FF4AF99FFA6CB84B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289884/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[162,1433,201,1578]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552BFFD1FF4AF99FFA6CB84B" blockId="16.[151,1436,1593,1646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FF4AF99FFEE4B86A" bold="true" box="[151,283,1593,1615]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 29</emphasis>
. Distribution of species in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FDEAF99FFCD6B86A" box="[567,809,1593,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FDEAF99FFCD6B86A" box="[567,809,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thyreocephalus pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (● =
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FC76F99CFB54B86A" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" box="[939,1195,1593,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eulissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FC76F99CFBD9B86A" box="[939,1062,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. africanus</emphasis>
(Bernhauer)
</taxonomicName>
, Δ =
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FB30F99CFEE9B84B" authority="Tottenham" authorityName="Tottenham" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneiventris">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FB30F99CFA63B86A" box="[1261,1436,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. brunneiventris</emphasis>
(Tottenham)
</taxonomicName>
, ▲ =
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FE89F9FFFE00B84B" authority="Roth" authorityName="Roth" box="[340,511,1624,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FE89F9FFFE4AB84B" box="[340,437,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pilosus</emphasis>
(Roth)
</taxonomicName>
, ☆
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FDC2F9FFFD20B84B" box="[543,735,1624,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoafricanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FDC2F9FFFD20B84B" box="[543,735,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pseudoafricanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578A552BFFD1FD3BF9FEFCC9B84B" box="[742,822,1624,1646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FD3BF9FEFCCFB84B" bold="true" box="[742,816,1624,1646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ○
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FC84F9FEFC98B84B" bold="true" box="[857,871,1624,1646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FCB0F9FFFBA4B84B" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" box="[877,1115,1624,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secretus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FCB0F9FFFC27B84B" box="[877,984,1625,1646]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. secretus</emphasis>
(Bernhauer)
</taxonomicName>
, ★
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FB5CF9FFFAD1B84B" box="[1153,1326,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552BFFD1FB44F9FFFAD1B84B" box="[1177,1326,1624,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsingidianus" status="sp. nov.">T. tsingidianus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578A552BFFD1FAE9F9FEFA7CB84B" box="[1332,1411,1624,1646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552BFFD1FAE9F9FEFA81B84B" bold="true" box="[1332,1406,1624,1646]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552BFFD1FF1AF934FC89B8EA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1682,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FE98F934FE34B88E" box="[325,459,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[185,1398,208,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[156,1430,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham) — T. pilosus group; 23, T. alluaudi (Fauvel) — T. ater group. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289882/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 22, 23</figureCitation>
) ‘Staphylininae-shaped’ with fourth or fifth segment broadest. Tergite 7 with complete membranous palisade fringe at its posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FD3DF910FC96B8EA" box="[736,873,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[185,1398,208,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[156,1430,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 23. 22, Thyreocephalus brunneiventris (Tottenham) — T. pilosus group; 23, T. alluaudi (Fauvel) — T. ater group. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289882/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 22, 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552BFFD1FF1AF97CFECEB982" blockId="16.[151,1437,1682,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552BFFD1FF1AF97CFEFBB8D6" box="[199,260,1754,1779]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Male</collectingCountry>
. Tergite and sternite 8 of male simple, not modified. Tergite 10 of male genital segment rather narrowly exposed between sclerites of tergite 9, strongly narrowed proximally (e. g.
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FBD6F958FB94B932" box="[1035,1131,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 34" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,189,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,177,1947]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 34. Thyreocephalus tsingidianus sp. nov.; 30, head and pronotum; 31, labrum; 32, male tergite 10; 33, male sternite 9; 34, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FBA6F959FB65B932" box="[1147,1178,1791,1815]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 44" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[195,1376,206,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[183,1393,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 44. Thyreocephalus pseudoafricanus sp. nov.; 40, head and pronotum; 41, labrum; 42, male tergite 10; 43, male sternite 9; 44, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289887/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">42</figureCitation>
), sclerites of tergite 9 contiguous mediobasaly. Sternite 9 of male genital segment asymmetrical, located centrally (e. g.
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FADFF885FA9EB91E" box="[1282,1377,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 34" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,189,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,177,1947]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 34. Thyreocephalus tsingidianus sp. nov.; 30, head and pronotum; 31, labrum; 32, male tergite 10; 33, male sternite 9; 34, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FAADF885FA6FB91E" box="[1392,1424,1827,1851]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 44" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[195,1376,206,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[183,1393,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 44. Thyreocephalus pseudoafricanus sp. nov.; 40, head and pronotum; 41, labrum; 42, male tergite 10; 43, male sternite 9; 44, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289887/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">43</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus with basal bulbus subovoid, median lobe of different length, symmetrical (e. g.
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FB01F8E0FABFB97A" box="[1244,1344,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 34" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,189,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,177,1947]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 34. Thyreocephalus tsingidianus sp. nov.; 30, head and pronotum; 31, labrum; 32, male tergite 10; 33, male sternite 9; 34, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FA8FF8E1FA90B97A" box="[1362,1391,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 79" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,205,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[172,1416,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 79. Thyreocephalus ater (Laporte); 75, head and pronotum; 76, labrum; 77, male tergite 10; 78, male sternite 9; 79, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289894/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">79</figureCitation>
) or assymetrical (
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FEEFF8CDFE6FB9A1" box="[306,400,1899,1924]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 69" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1392,206,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[182,1405,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 69. Thyreocephalus alluaudi (Fauvel); 65, head and pronotum; 66, labrum; 67, male tergite 10; 68, male sternite 9; 69, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289892/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 69</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FE41F8CDFE46B9A6" box="[412,441,1899,1923]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 91" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,201,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[225,1362,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 91. Thyreocephalus manfredi sp. nov.; 87, head and pronotum; 88, labrum; 89, male tergite 10; 90, male sternite 9; 91, aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289897/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">91</figureCitation>
) parameres and inner sac with shape of more or less long and wide ribbon with scales of different size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552BFFD1FF1AF815FE52B9CA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1682,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Female. Genital segment with sternite proportionally short and two big supplementary sclerites that cover its proximal part (
<figureCitation id="130F2A66552BFFD1FEE3F870FE5EB9CA" box="[318,417,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 212 – 217" captionStartId="82.[151,264,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[174,1402,201,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[172,1416,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 212 – 217. Thyreocephalus burgeoni (Bernhauer); 212, head and pronotum; 213, labrum; 214, male tergite 10; 215, male sternite 9, 216, aedeagus, 217, female genital segment (fp—fused pleurites, s—sternite, ss—supplementary sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289926/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 217</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552AFFD0FF1AFF31FEEFBC3D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FF1AFF31FE30BE95" bold="true" box="[199,463,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
This genus differs from several other genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FC2AFF31FB7BBE95" box="[1015,1156,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xantholinini">Xantholinini</taxonomicName>
in the absence of dorsal rows of punctures on the pronotum (together with
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FCCAFF1AFBB7BEF1" authority="Bordoni, 2004" authorityName="Bordoni" authorityYear="2004" box="[791,1096,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Achmonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FCCAFF1AFC76BEF0" box="[791,905,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Achmonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FC44FF1AFBB7BEF1" author="Bordoni" box="[921,1096,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2004) Nuovi dati per la conoscenza degli Xantholinini della Regione Orientale. II. Un nuovo genere di Giava (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Fragmenta Entomologica, Roma, 36 (1), 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="2004">Bordoni, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FB81FF1AFB67BEF1" box="[1116,1176,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Afrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FB81FF1AFB67BEF1" box="[1116,1176,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Afrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578A552AFFD0FB74FF1AFAE3BEF0" box="[1193,1308,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FB74FF1AFAE3BEF0" bold="true" box="[1193,1308,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FAEEFF1AFE91BEDD" authority="Motschulsky, 1858" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Agerodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FAEEFF1AFA63BEF0" box="[1331,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Agerodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FF4AFF79FE91BEDD" author="Motschulsky" box="[151,366,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1858) Enumeration des nouvelles especes de Coleopteres rapportes de ses voyages. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 31 (3), 204 - 264." type="journal article" year="1858">Motschulsky, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FEA7FF79FCFCBEDD" authority="Scheerpeltz, 1957" authorityName="Scheerpeltz" authorityYear="1957" box="[378,771,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Dibothroglyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FEA7FF79FDCFBEDD" box="[378,560,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dibothroglyptus</emphasis>
Scheerpeltz, 1957
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FCD3FF47FBF4BEDD" authority="Bordoni, 2002" authorityName="Bordoni" authorityYear="2002" box="[782,1035,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Domea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FCD3FF47FCA0BEDD" box="[782,863,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Domea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FCBBFF79FBF4BEDD" author="Bordoni" box="[870,1035,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2002) Xantholinini della Regione Orientale (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Classificazione, filogenesi e revisione tassonomica. Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 33, 1 - 998." type="journal article" year="2002">Bordoni, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FBCBFF79FACCBEDD" authority="Bordoni, 2005" authorityName="Bordoni" authorityYear="2005" box="[1046,1331,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eachamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FBCBFF79FB77BEDD" box="[1046,1160,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eachamia</emphasis>
Bordoni, 2005
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FAE3FF79FE8EBF39" authority="Mannerheim, 1830" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eulissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FAE3FF79FA64BEDD" box="[1342,1435,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eulissus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FF4AFEA2FE8EBF39" author="Mannerheim" box="[151,369,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Mannerheim, C. G. von (1830) Precis d'un nouvel arrangement de la famille des brachelytres de l'ordre des insectes coleopteres. St. Petersbourg, 87 pp." type="book" year="1830">Mannerheim, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FEA0FEA3FD36BF38" authority="Thomson, 1860" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1860" box="[381,713,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Gauropterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FEA0FEA3FDF4BF39" box="[381,523,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gauropterus</emphasis>
Thomson, 1860
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FD0BFEA2FBF3BF38" authority="Scheerpeltz, 1965" authorityName="Scheerpeltz" authorityYear="1965" box="[726,1036,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Liotesba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FD0BFEA2FCC9BF38" box="[726,822,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Liotesba</emphasis>
Scheerpeltz, 1965
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FBC4FEA2FACFBF38" authority="Steel, 1946" authorityName="Steel" authorityYear="1946" box="[1049,1328,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oculolabrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FBC4FEA2FB5ABF38" box="[1049,1189,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oculolabrus</emphasis>
Steel, 1946
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FAE0FEA2FEC3BF65" authority="Bordoni, 2002" authorityName="Bordoni" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ulisseus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FAE0FEA2FA63BF38" box="[1341,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ulisseus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FF4AFE81FEC3BF65" author="Bordoni" box="[151,316,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2002) Xantholinini della Regione Orientale (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Classificazione, filogenesi e revisione tassonomica. Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 33, 1 - 998." type="journal article" year="2002">Bordoni, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), in the punctures on the head not forming semi-impressed rows of coalescent grooves (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FF4AFEEBFEDABF41" box="[151,293,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Gauropterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FF4AFEEBFEDABF41" box="[151,293,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gauropterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in the absence of longitudinal furrows on the dorsal side of the temples (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FAD2FEEAFA91BF40" box="[1295,1390,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ulisseus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FAD2FEEAFA91BF40" box="[1295,1390,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ulisseus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in the anterior angles of pronotum not emarginated (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FC51FEC9FBBCBFAD" box="[908,1091,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Dibothroglyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FC51FEC9FBBCBFAD" box="[908,1091,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dibothroglyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in the superior line turning downwards well before middle and joining or almost joining the inferior line next to the front margin of procoxae and continuing onto the front margin of pronotum (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FC67FE11FBD4BFF5" box="[954,1067,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Achmonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FC67FE11FBD4BFF5" box="[954,1067,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Achmonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FB9DFE11FB56BFF5" box="[1088,1193,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Agerodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FB9DFE11FB56BFF5" box="[1088,1193,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Agerodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FB63FE1FFAF0BFF5" box="[1214,1295,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Domea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FB63FE1FFAF0BFF5" box="[1214,1295,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Domea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FAFEFE11FA6ABFF5" box="[1315,1429,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eachamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FAFEFE11FA6ABFF5" box="[1315,1429,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eachamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FF4AFE7AFF0BBFD0" box="[151,244,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eulissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FF4AFE7AFF0BBFD0" box="[151,244,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eulissus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FEDFFE7AFE9CBFD0" box="[258,355,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Liotesba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FEDFFE7AFE9CBFD0" box="[258,355,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Liotesba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FE45FE7AFDDBBFD0" box="[408,548,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oculolabrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FE45FE7AFDDBBFD0" box="[408,548,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oculolabrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and in presence of a subapical ctenidium on the metatibia (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FA82FE7AFA63BFD1" box="[1375,1436,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Afrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FA82FE7AFA63BFD1" box="[1375,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Afrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578A552AFFD0FF4AFE59FEFFBC3D" box="[151,256,511,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FF4AFE59FEFFBC3D" bold="true" box="[151,256,511,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552AFFD0FF1AFD82FCF3BCE9" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FF1AFD82FDFBBC18" bold="true" box="[199,516,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
This genus is characteristic of warm regions of the earth and is well represented in Africa,
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FF32FDE1FE87BC45" box="[239,376,583,608]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Central and South
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FDBCFDE1FD3BBC45" box="[609,708,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
, in the Oriental Region from
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FBFDFDE1FBA5BC45" box="[1056,1114,583,608]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FB4AFDE1FB25BC45" box="[1175,1242,583,608]" name="Nepal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nepal</collectingCountry>
to Sulawesi, the Sunda islands, and the
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FE74FDCAFDE9BCA0" box="[425,534,620,645]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FDF4FDCAFD30BCA1" author="Bordoni" box="[553,719,620,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2002) Xantholinini della Regione Orientale (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Classificazione, filogenesi e revisione tassonomica. Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 33, 1 - 998." type="journal article" year="2002">Bordoni 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FD38FDCAFC68BCA0" box="[741,919,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FD38FDCAFC68BCA0" box="[741,919,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thyreocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is particularly represented in the Australian Region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FF2BFD29FE5EBC8D" author="Bordoni" box="[246,417,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2005 a) Revision of the Xantholinini of Australia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). In: Daccordi, M. &amp; Giachino, P. M. (Eds.), Results of the Zoological Missions to Australia of the Regional Museum of Natural Sciences of Turin, Italy. II. Monografie del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 42, 435 - 614." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Bordoni 2005a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FE70FD36FE15BC8D" author="Bordoni" box="[429,490,656,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2010) Revisione degli Xantholinini della Nuova Guinea e delle isole autromalesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 27, 2, 253 - 635." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
). The few species of
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FD08FD36FC94BC8D" box="[725,875,655,680]" name="New Zealand" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
are introduced (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FBFFFD29FB27BC8D" author="Bordoni" box="[1058,1240,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2005 b) Revisione degli Xantholinini della Nuova Zelanda (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 22, 2: 329 - 442." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Bordoni, 2005b</bibRefCitation>
). Two species are known from
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FEFAFD12FE78BCE8" box="[295,391,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
North of
<collectingCountry id="F3237673552AFFD0FE2BFD12FDB4BCE8" box="[502,587,692,717]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FD87FD12FCFFBCE9" author="Smetana" box="[602,768,692,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Smetana, A. (1982) Revision of the subfamily Xantholininae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 120, 1 - 389. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 114120 fv" type="journal article" year="1982">Smetana 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552AFFD0FF1AFD71FEA9BD1D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FF1AFD71FEB5BCD5" bold="true" box="[199,330,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bionomics.</emphasis>
The species belonging to this genus were collected in rotting matter, in debris, under stones, sometimes in dung, in carrion of small animals, in rotting fruits on the ground; some of them are probably subcorticicolous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552AFFD0FF1AFCE2FE0FBD80" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The pre-imaginal stages of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FE26FCE3FD8BBD78" box="[507,628,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albertisi">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FE26FCE3FD8BBD78" box="[507,628,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. albertisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FC8DFCE2FB88BD78" author="Marucci" box="[848,1143,836,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Marucci, P. E. &amp; Clancy, D. W. (1952) The biology and laboratory culture of Thyreocephalus albertisi (Fauvel) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, (1951) 14 (3), 525 - 532." type="journal article" year="1952">Marucci &amp; Clancy (1952)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FB5EFCE2FAD6BD79" author="Paulian" box="[1155,1321,836,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Paulian, R. (1941) Les premiers etats des Staphylinoides (Coleoptera), etude de morphologie comparee. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Nouvelle serie), 15, 1 - 361." type="journal article" year="1941">Paulian (1941)</bibRefCitation>
described a larva attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FE56FCCFFDD4BDA5" box="[395,555,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoreta">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FE56FCCFFDD4BDA5" box="[395,555,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. anachoreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu auct. (=
<taxonomicName id="4C344D60552AFFD0FD3BFCCFFBAFBDA5" authority="Bordoni, 2002" authorityName="Bordoni" authorityYear="2002" box="[742,1104,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Thyreocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphidaseus">
<emphasis id="B940EAF1552AFFD0FD3BFCCFFC67BDA5" box="[742,920,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. amphidaseus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FC79FCC1FBAFBDA5" author="Bordoni" box="[932,1104,871,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bordoni, A. (2002) Xantholinini della Regione Orientale (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Classificazione, filogenesi e revisione tassonomica. Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 33, 1 - 998." type="journal article" year="2002">Bordoni, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B12552AFFD0FBBAFCCEFAEEBDA5" author="Dettner" box="[1127,1297,872,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Dettner, K. (1987) Chemosystematics and evolution of beetle chemical defenses. Annual Review of Entomology, 32, 17 - 48. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 32.010187.000313" type="journal article" year="1987">Dettner (1987)</bibRefCitation>
studied the defensive glands of this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36E3552AFFD0FF1AFC16FAE0BA35" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">In Africa the genus can be divided into 9 distinct species groups, characterised by different composition of setiferous punctures on head, general appearance including colour of the body and the shape of the labrum. These species groups do not always reflect natural relationship, but can help with the identification of species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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