271 lines
32 KiB
XML
271 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F10C7C1692F5E72651871B9CEB78910C">A taxonomic review of the genus Acanella (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Isididae) in the North Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3815C227FF6465C77EACFDFB" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[238,490,503,530]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3815C227FF6465C77E1CFDF8" bold="true" box="[238,346,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">Acanella</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3815C227FF1D660E7FB7FDBD" box="[151,241,574,596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">Acanella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FF73660E7ED0FDBD" author="Gray" box="[249,406,574,596]" page="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FF73660E7E29FDBD" author="Gray" box="[249,367,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Catalogue of the lithoPhytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum. Natural History British Museum, London, vi + 51 pp." type="book" year="1870">Gray, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 16
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FE29660E7D16FDBD" author="Verrill" box="[419,592,574,596]" page="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FE29660E7D6EFDBD" author="Verrill" box="[419,552,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1883) Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the " Blake " in 1877 ‾ 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk " in 1880 ‾ 82. Bulletin of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 11, 1 ‾ 72." type="journal article" year="1883">Verrill, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FDD6660E7C30FDBD" author="Studer" box="[604,886,574,596]" page="44" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FDD6660E7C08FDBD" author="Studer" box="[604,846,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Studer, T. & Wright, E. P. (1887) Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 53, 1 ‾ 74." type="journal article" year="1887">Studer & Wright, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 44
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FC08660E7B35FDBD" author="Wright" box="[898,1139,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 ‾ 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 ‾ 76. Zoology, 31, 1 ‾ 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: xliii, 29;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FB54660E7AD1FDBD" author="Nutting" box="[1246,1431,574,596]" page="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FB54660E7A29FDBD" author="Nutting" box="[1246,1391,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga expedition. VI. The Gorgonellidae. Siboga-EXPeditie MonograPhie, XIII, 39, pls. 1 - 11 b 3." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FF4D666D7EE0FD9A" author="Kukenthal" box="[199,422,605,627]" page="573" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FF4D666D7E35FD9A" author="Kukenthal" box="[199,371,605,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-EXPedition auf dem DamPfer " Valdivia " 1898 ‾ 1899, 13, 1 ‾ 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 573
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1924: 414;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FDAE666D7C49FD9A" author="Deichmann" box="[548,783,605,627]" page="243" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FDAE666D7D9AFD9A" author="Deichmann" box="[548,732,605,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 53, 1 ‾ 317." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 243
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FC93666E7CD1FD9A" author="Bayer" box="[793,919,605,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1956) Octocorallia. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part F. Coelenterata. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 166 ‾ 231." type="journal article" year="1956">Bayer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: F222;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FC69666D7BC3FD9A" author="Grant" box="[995,1157,605,627]" page="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FC69666D7B19FD9A" author="Grant" box="[995,1119,605,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Grant, R. B. (1976) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Isididae (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Zealand and the Antarctic. Memoirs of the New Zealand OceanograPhic Institute Wellington, 66, 1 ‾ 56." type="journal article" year="1976">Grant, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 25
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FB1B666E7A79FD9A" author="Bayer" box="[1169,1343,605,627]" page="941" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FB1B666E7A48FD9A" author="Bayer" box="[1169,1294,605,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the Genera of Octocorallia Exclusive of the Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 943, 902 - 947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 941
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FF4D664D7E9AFD7B" author="Bayer" box="[199,476,636,658]" page="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FF4D664D7EFFFD7B" author="Bayer" box="[199,441,636,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J. (1987 a) Isididae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Caledonie: nouvelles cle des genres de la famille = Isididae (Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia. New key to the genera of the family. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, biologie et ecologie animals, 9, 47 - 106" type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Bayer & Stefani, 1987a</bibRefCitation>
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: 51
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FDB5664D7C24FD7B" author="Bayer" box="[575,866,636,658]" page="941" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FDB5664D7C75FD7B" author="Bayer" box="[575,819,636,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J. (1987 b) New and previously known taxa of isidid octocorals (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea), partly from Antarctic waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100, 937 - 991." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">Bayer & Stefani, 1987b</bibRefCitation>
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: 941
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FC4F664D7B31FD7B" author="Bayer" box="[965,1143,636,658]" page="210" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FC4F664D7B02FD7B" author="Bayer" box="[965,1092,636,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1990) A new isidid octocoral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of other new species form elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings from the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 205 ‾ 228." type="journal article" year="1990">Bayer, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 210
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FB0B664D7A1DFD7B" author="Duenas" box="[1153,1371,636,658]" page="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FB0B664D7A04FD7B" author="Duenas" box="[1153,1346,636,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Duenas, L., Alderslade, P. & Sanchez, J. A. (2014) Molecular systematics of the deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Isididae: Keratoisdinae) from New Zealand with descriptions of two new species of Keratoisis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 74, 15 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.01.031" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Dueñas
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3815C227FB59664D7A40FD7B" box="[1235,1286,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3815C227FF1D66AA7EE3FD59" authority=": Muzik, 1978: 737" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityPageNumber="737" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,421,666,688]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3815C227FF1D66AA7FA5FD59" box="[151,227,666,688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">Isidella</emphasis>
|
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493815C227FF7A66AA7EE3FD59" author="Muzik" box="[240,421,666,688]" page="737" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93815C227FF7A66AA7E33FD59" author="Muzik" box="[240,373,666,688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" refString="Muzik, K. (1978) A bioluminescent Gorgonian, LePidisis olaPa, new species (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 735 ‾ 741." type="journal article" year="1978">Muzik, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 737
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(part)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4B91D03815C227FF1D63257E53F84F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919810/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" targetBox="[158,1436,829,1789]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583815C227FF1D63257E53F84F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1813,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3815C227FF1D63257E50F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,278,1813,1835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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||
Box and whisker plot depicting the depth range of the 8 different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3815C227FC6863257BFFF8C2" authority="Haplotypes" authorityName="Haplotypes" box="[994,1209,1813,1835]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3815C227FC6863257B7AF8C2" box="[994,1084,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="368">Acanella</emphasis>
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||
Haplotypes
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(A-H) among the 97 samples sequenced for this study; where n=1 the line connects depth extremes of the trawl that collected the sample. The Haplotypes are arranged in order of decreasing depth and divided by collection location (Haplotype A was collected from both the Atlantic and Pacific). The dashed line demarcates the 200 m isobath, a conventional limit for the upper depth of the deepsea (200 m).
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||
</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D64A77D8EFF59" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,712,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D64A77E72FF59" bold="true" box="[151,308,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Type species:</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FEB164A97D8EFF59" authority="Johnson, 1862" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1862" box="[315,712,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Mopsea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum">
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||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FEB164A97D59FF59" box="[315,543,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Mopsea arbusculum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FDAC64A77D8EFF59" author="Johnson" box="[550,712,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Johnson, J. Y. (1862) Descriptions of two corals from Madeira, Belonging to the genera Primnoa and MoPsea. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London, 1862, 245 ‾ 246, pl. XXXI, figs. 1 & 1 a." type="proceedings paper" year="1862">Johnson, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E92D33816C224FF4D648C7F89FE44" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF4D648C7F89FE44" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF4D648C7E05FF3C" bold="true" box="[199,323,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Bush-like colonies, branched dichotomously or in whorls, one to six branches at each node. Colonies moderate in size (rarely more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FD2864D07DABFF11" box="[674,749,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
) when anchored in soft substrate by lobate holdfast, larger (possibly to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FEAC65347E15FEF5" box="[294,339,260,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
in height) and compressed when attached to hard bottom; internodes solid, short (to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FAA265347A25FEF5" box="[1320,1379,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
) and covered with thin coenenchyme. Polyps non-retractile with a narrower base and wider at the mouth, or more or less cylindrical, and perpendicular or angled towards the branch. Polyps armed with sparsely prickly needles and/or rods running longitudinally or obliquely up the polyp body wall; pharyngeal wall with small thorny stars or short rods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E92D33816C224FF4D65877D12FBB1" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF4D65877D12FBB1" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF4D65877E7BFE39" bold="true" box="[199,317,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FEC265887E90FE39" author="Gray" box="[328,470,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Catalogue of the lithoPhytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum. Natural History British Museum, London, vi + 51 pp." type="book" year="1870">Gray (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the family Acanelladae as a monotypic family for the species
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FAB265877E48FE1C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FAB265877E4DFE1C" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">Acanella arbuscula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Acanelladae was diagnosed as having verticillate or simple branching from the node and eight sclerites protruding beyond the base of the tentacles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FD0465CF7CE9FDF1" author="Wright" box="[654,943,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 ‾ 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 ‾ 76. Zoology, 31, 1 ‾ 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright and Studer (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
deemed the designation as superfluous and placed the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FED566147E85FDD4" box="[351,451,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FED566147E85FDD4" box="[351,451,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subfamily Keratoisidinae, noting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FC4C66147B6CFDD4" box="[966,1066,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FC4C66147B6CFDD4" box="[966,1066,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FBEE66147BFEFDD4" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[1124,1208,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FBEE66147BFEFDD4" box="[1124,1208,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in the “spiny character of the spicules and mode of branching.”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FD4F66777C5FFD89" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[709,793,583,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FD4F66777C5FFD89" box="[709,793,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dichotomous or trichotomous branching and does not have large sclerites that project between the bases of the tentacles as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FC34665C7B64FD6C" box="[958,1058,620,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FC34665C7B64FD6C" box="[958,1058,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FBBB665C7B8CFD6D" author="Verrill" box="[1073,1226,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1883) Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the " Blake " in 1877 ‾ 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk " in 1880 ‾ 82. Bulletin of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 11, 1 ‾ 72." type="journal article" year="1883">Verrill (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF5566BF7E75FD41" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[223,307,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF5566BF7E75FD41" box="[223,307,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was doubtful and should be ignored because it was never properly described (it was based solely on the skeleton) and thus cannot be positively identified. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FC0E66847B53FD25" author="Koch" box="[900,1045,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Koch, G. von (1887) Die Gorgoniden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golefs von NeaPel, 15, 1 ‾ 99." type="journal article" year="1887">Koch (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FB2166847BB9FD24" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[1195,1279,692,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FB2166847BB9FD24" box="[1195,1279,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and included illustrations that resolved some of the uncertainty between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FCE766E77C87FD19" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[877,961,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FCE766E77C87FD19" box="[877,961,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FB8266E77B2AFD19" box="[1032,1132,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FB8266E77B2AFD19" box="[1032,1132,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Koch’s illustrations and description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FECB66CC7ED3FCFC" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[321,405,764,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FECB66CC7ED3FCFC" box="[321,405,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
noted large sclerites do not project between the tentacles. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FB4C66CC7FA7FCD1" author="Wright" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 ‾ 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 ‾ 76. Zoology, 31, 1 ‾ 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright and Studer (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FE9D672F7E9BFCD1" author="Kukenthal" box="[279,477,799,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Walter de Gruyter and Co, Berlin & Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
both suggest that the sclerites can protrude slightly between the tentacles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FABA672F7AC2FCD1" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[1328,1412,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FABA672F7AC2FCD1" box="[1328,1412,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if the specimen is dry or tentacles are highly contracted. Carpine and Grasshoff’s (1975) image of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FB5467747ADAFCB4" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[1246,1436,836,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FB5467747ADAFCB4" box="[1246,1436,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows large sclerites that project well past the tentacle bases (Figure 59:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FC6667577A7BFC69" author="Carpine" box="[1004,1341,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Carpine, C. & Grasshoff, M. (1975) Les Gorgonaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut OceanograPhique, 71, 1 ‾ 140." type="journal article" year="1975">Carpine and Grasshoff, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FAD967577FA7FC4D" author="Muzik" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Muzik, K. (1978) A bioluminescent Gorgonian, LePidisis olaPa, new species (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Bulletin of Marine Science, 28, 735 ‾ 741." type="journal article" year="1978">Muzik (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FE1967BC7EB1FC4C" box="[403,503,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FE1967BC7EB1FC4C" box="[403,503,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FCC667BC7CE6FC4C" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[844,928,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FCC667BC7CE6FC4C" box="[844,928,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as they both branch from the node and have sclerites that protrude through the base of the tentacles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FC8167807CE6FC21" author="Bayer" box="[779,928,944,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1990) A new isidid octocoral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of other new species form elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings from the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 205 ‾ 228." type="journal article" year="1990">Bayer (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that whorled branching at the node in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF3E67E47E5EFC04" box="[180,280,980,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF3E67E47E5EFC04" box="[180,280,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is so distinct it should remain a separate genus from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FCE667E47C86FC04" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[876,960,980,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FCE667E47C86FC04" box="[876,960,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pending a review of all species. However, in the same paper he described the new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FD6667C87C11FBF9" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1990" box="[748,855,1015,1040]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FD6667C87C11FBF9" box="[748,855,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">A. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a strongly compressed bush, “with principal branching commonly in whorls of two, roughly planar, secondary branching in whorls of 3 or more,” thus creating a flattened colony with bushy branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |