188 lines
19 KiB
XML
188 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="30F57DA869E576438763E4C856671747" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399EEFF5506D7FBE5F9E4F4D6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Oreotragus schillingsi Neumann 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="736" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="736" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="57998239F735ACF8E85A243A0E8B4D63" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="40DC891556759BB9CAB9F0EAE2124C1F">
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<mods:title id="8F4FD68711E3BAC4EF7EC745C38E74BA">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="90AAD7287F9303D4944BCDFB77A17334" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="010C6DF80002478CF220BAFEDC622EF8">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="27B20FB05BA0504333A9C2884A0B44FF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8B7BC6E64111268CDBEFCB068F568A82">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DA5872D69DA7E4EF6FD99A2BA131846C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9139D6E20FD7F20918097DFE870EB038">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="6219A20A6DD0E4374712CE7AFCDF2137" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="19DF15285CFF236D4BF0846615AF8D0C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="724B9164EECBB9EE67C450D8D6872801">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82C690556A78435C3FACF3F18E03EDEE">
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<mods:title id="4557955A3B0CF626ACD68D7E04835B94">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9D59F5E0FA3A1B7F283D85E6726E42AC">
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<treatment id="03F5071399EEFF5506D7FBE5F9E4F4D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773249" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399EEFF5506D7FBE5F9E4F4D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399EEFF5506D7FBE5F9E4F4D6" lastPageNumber="736" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506D7FBE5F9FEFB14" box="[1473,1555,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506D7FBE5F9FEFB14" blockId="165.[1470,2495,1127,1216]" box="[1473,1555,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EEFF5506D7FBE5F9FEFB14" box="[1473,1555,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099EEFF5506D7FBE5F9FEFB14" box="[1473,1555,1127,1173]" captionStart="Plate 54: Bovidae" captionStartId="164.[117,147,3397,3418]" captionTargetBox="[13,2775,15,3638]" captionTargetPageId="163" captionText="269. Cape Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus), 270. Transvaal Klipspringer (Oreotragus transvaalensis), 271. Stevenson’s Klipspringer (Oreotragus stevensoni), 272. Angolan Klipspringer (Oreotragus tyler), 273. Zambian Klipspringer (Oreotragus centralis), 274. Noack’s Klipspringer (Oreotragus aceratos), 275. Masai Klipspringer (Oreotragus schillingsi), 276. Golden Klipspringer (Oreotragus aureus), 277. Ethiopian Klipspringer (Oreotragus saltatrixoides), 278. Somali Klipspringer (Oreotragus somalicus), 279. Nigerian Klipspringer (Oreotragus porteousi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512975/files/figure.png" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">275.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF550535FBE5F841FB14" box="[1571,1964,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF550535FBE5F841FB14" blockId="165.[1470,2495,1127,1216]" box="[1571,1964,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EEFF550535FBE5F841FB14" box="[1571,1964,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EEFF550535FBE5F841FB14" box="[1571,1964,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Masai Klipspringer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5504E2FBE5F69DFB14" box="[2036,2416,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5504E2FBE5F69DFB14" blockId="165.[1470,2495,1127,1216]" box="[2036,2416,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EEFF5504E2FBE5F69DFB14" box="[2036,2416,1127,1173]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EEFF5504E2FBE5F69DFB14" authority="Neumann, 1902" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1902" box="[2036,2416,1127,1173]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schillingsi">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5504E2FBE5F69DFB14" box="[2036,2416,1127,1173]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Oreotragus schillingsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506D6FB24F652FB3A" box="[1472,2495,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506D6FB24F652FB3A" blockId="165.[1470,2495,1127,1216]" box="[1472,2495,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EEFF5506D6FB24F652FB3A" box="[1472,2495,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506D6FB24F9E0FB3A" bold="true" box="[1472,1549,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EEFF550500FB24F8E6FB3A" box="[1558,1803,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Oréotrague de Schillings</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF550436FB24F896FB3A" bold="true" box="[1824,1915,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EEFF550493FB24F7B9FB3A" box="[1925,2132,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Massai-Klippspringer</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF550B7FFB24F729FB3A" bold="true" box="[2153,2244,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EEFF550BDBFB24F652FB3A" box="[2253,2495,1190,1211]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Saltarrocas de Schillings</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF550B31FB6FF734FAB0" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF550B31FB6FF734FAB0" blockId="165.[2087,2674,1261,1683]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF550B31FB6FF72FFA8B" bold="true" box="[2087,2242,1261,1290]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EEFF550BFFFB6FF739FAB0" authority="Neumann, 1902" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schillingsi">Oreotragus schillingsi Neumann, 1902</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF550BFCFA92F65AFAD8" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF550BFCFA92F65AFAD8" blockId="165.[2087,2674,1261,1683]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899EEFF550BFCFA92F65AFAD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198474" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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Dunje Ngaptuk, north-west of Mt
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<collectingRegion id="499878E799EEFF550B6AFABEF6CEFAD8" box="[2172,2339,1340,1369]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EEFF550A24FABEF65FFAD8" box="[2354,2482,1340,1369]" name="Tanzania" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF550B3EFAE1F6BBFA29" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF550B3EFAE1F6BBFA29" blockId="165.[2087,2674,1261,1683]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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Formerly considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EEFF550936FAE1F746FA29" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltatrixoides">O. saltatrixoides</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF550B31FA2FF6F7F99C" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99EEFF550B31FA2FF6F7F99C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512907/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" targetBox="[1469,2063,1267,1683]" targetPageId="165">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF550B31FA2FF6F7F99C" blockId="165.[2087,2674,1261,1683]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF550B31FA2FF73AFA4F" bold="true" box="[2087,2263,1453,1486]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EEFF550BF3FA2FF6D1FA4F" box="[2277,2364,1453,1486]" name="Kenya" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, S of Mt
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EEFF550AD5FA2FF5F7FA4F" box="[2499,2586,1453,1486]" name="Kenya" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, W to the Dodoth Hills (
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EEFF550A30FA5FF676FA77" box="[2342,2459,1501,1526]" name="Uganda" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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), and S to Lake
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<collectingRegion id="499878E799EEFF550B3EF986F76BF99C" box="[2088,2182,1540,1565]" country="Tanzania" name="Rukwa" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Rukwa</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EEFF550B83F986F6F8F99C" box="[2197,2325,1540,1565]" name="Tanzania" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF550B31F9A1F5B7F79D" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF550B31F9A1F5B7F79D" blockId="165.[2087,2674,1261,1683]" lastBlockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF550B31F9A1F6C8F9C5" bold="true" box="[2087,2341,1571,1604]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 77-84 cm (males), tail 6.9-8 cm (both sexes), ear 8-5—8-7 cm (males) and 9-3 cm (females), hindfoot 22-22.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EEFF5505B4F91CF90BF93A" box="[1698,1766,1694,1723]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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(males) and 23-8 cm (females). Sexual dimorphism in this species is extreme among klipspringers; the female is much larger than the male. Skull length is 13.5-13.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EEFF5505A0F96AF916F888" box="[1718,1787,1768,1801]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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in males and 14.6-14.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EEFF550B2EF96AF790F888" box="[2104,2173,1768,1801]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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in females. The Masai Klipspringer is also unique in that the female has horns; horn length is 8:2.8-7 cm in males and 6.7-9.
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||
<quantity id="4CA41BE099EEFF550502F8B5F9B5F8D9" box="[1556,1624,1847,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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||
in females. J. Kingdon stated that the possession of hornsis not constant in this form, but T. Roosevelt and E. Heller were quite clear that itis: “none of the females show rudimentary horns or any evidence of transition to the hornless condition of the races inhabiting the country north or south of them.” General color very rich, bright orange, with contrasting gray legs and dark pasterns; the mid-back region is darker. There is some variation in color; some individuals are a pale yellow on the foreparts.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506A9F7A5F651F7C5" box="[1471,2492,2087,2116]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506A9F7A5F651F7C5" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" box="[1471,2492,2087,2116]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506A9F7A5F9C3F7C5" bold="true" box="[1471,1582,2087,2116]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Masai Klipspringers occupy rocky areas, like other klipspringers.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506A9F7C8F68BF7EA" box="[1471,2406,2122,2155]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506A9F7C8F68BF7EA" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" box="[1471,2406,2122,2155]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506A9F7C8F929F7EA" bold="true" box="[1471,1732,2122,2155]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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A concentrate selector, like other klipspringers.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506A9F7F4F855F73B" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506A9F7F4F855F73B" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506A9F7F4F9ABF712" bold="true" box="[1471,1606,2166,2195]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species. In other klipspringers, weaning is at 4-5 months.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506A8F742F97BF6B1" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506A8F742F97BF6B1" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506A8F742F94AF760" bold="true" box="[1470,1703,2240,2273]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species. Other klipspringers are diurnal and crepuscular, with more activity in the mornings and evenings than at midday.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506A9F6B8F7BDF513" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506A9F6B8F7BDF513" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506A9F6B8F79EF6D6" bold="true" box="[1471,2163,2362,2391]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The territories of this species, which has been studied in two Kenyan localities, Tsavo National Park and Gilgil, average less than 2 ha, whereas in all other species territories are much greater than this, suggesting that the females, being large and having horns, are as competitive as the males or more so. This supports the Female Competition Hypothesis: the rate of aggressive contests between females selects for having horns, rather than the size of the groups. In the Serengeti,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EEFF5505ADF5A8F8D6F5C2" box="[1723,1851,2602,2627]" name="Tanzania" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the territories may be seasonal; during the dry season, a group of kopjes was unoccupied, but three pairs of klipspringers arrived after the rains had begun and reestablished themselves there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506D6F51EF894F489" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506D6F51EF894F489" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506D6F51EF8F0F538" bold="true" box="[1472,1821,2716,2745]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EEFF550942F51EF9A5F561" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreotragus">O. oreotragus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EEFF550575F541F907F561" box="[1635,1770,2755,2784]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreotragus</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa, except the Nigerian Klipspringer (O. o. porteousi), are not considered separately by IUCN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EEFF5506D7F494F9E4F4D6" pageId="165" pageNumber="736" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EEFF5506D7F494F9E4F4D6" blockId="165.[1470,2673,1694,2903]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EEFF5506D7F494F9B7F4AE" bold="true" box="[1473,1626,2838,2863]" pageId="165" pageNumber="736">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Estes (1991), Groves & Grubb (2011), Kingdon (1982), Roberts (1996), Roosevelt & Heller (1914).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |