190 lines
19 KiB
XML
190 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3E6D60F35771BE32B148B246E2D9CF38">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="57341A9517963DCB57D855442B59E698">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DB73ECD11F9CCA42D2EA3D02FCBA01CB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="044806EAF285FCE20F55EFB53A412428">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="95FCA92991802E64CDCB02D0AB9D256D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="88D29CE9EF4FE76515C151E3C4DACBA6">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="218A2D91F2D9F373C49AD6D45FDCFC85" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="EFB8AA40340A8DFBD1FF2F6706D5AA74">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="0A6C80F002AC0A1A13F7D0D534D96820">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DFDC55D0A4FCE1A38E8312450C1E8A05">
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<mods:title id="B260EC6389152914E3C2FB8B79E99F5B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B27ABA3C551B0394F388F99ED8EEDE43">
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<mods:identifier id="088E3076F43AAE08CDCB945A18D01397" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5071399C4FF7F06D1F995F7B0F2FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773161" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399C4FF7F06D1F995F7B0F2FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399C4FF7F06D1F995F7B0F2FD" lastPageNumber="714" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D1F995F9F4F9C4" box="[1479,1561,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D1F995F9F4F9C4" blockId="143.[1476,2503,1559,1646]" box="[1479,1561,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<heading id="D0AB016999C4FF7F06D1F995F9F4F9C4" box="[1479,1561,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099C4FF7F06D1F995F9F4F9C4" box="[1479,1561,1559,1605]" captionStart="Plate 51: Bovidae" captionStartId="142.[106,136,3389,3414]" captionTargetBox="[14,2769,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="233. Western Blue Duiker (Philantomba congica), 234. Bioko Blue Duiker (Philantomba melanorhea), 235. Eastern Blue Duiker (Philantomba aequatorialis), 236. Mountain Blue Duiker (Philantomba lugens), 237. Simpson’s Blue Duiker (Philantomba simpsoni), 238. Malawi Blue Duiker (Philantomba hecki), 239. Zimbabwe Blue Duiker (Philantomba bicolor), 240. Cape Blue Duiker (Philantomba monticola), 241. Angolan Blue Duiker (Philantomba anchietae), 242. Zambian Blue Duiker (Philantomba defries)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512969/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">236.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F053FF995F7EFF9C4" box="[1577,2050,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F053FF995F7EFF9C4" blockId="143.[1476,2503,1559,1646]" box="[1577,2050,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<heading id="D0AB016999C4FF7F053FF995F7EFF9C4" box="[1577,2050,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99C4FF7F053FF995F7EFF9C4" box="[1577,2050,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Mountain Blue Duiker</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F0B25F995F644F9C4" box="[2099,2473,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F0B25F995F644F9C4" blockId="143.[1476,2503,1559,1646]" box="[2099,2473,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<heading id="D0AB016999C4FF7F0B25F995F644F9C4" box="[2099,2473,1559,1605]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0B25F995F644F9C4" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2099,2473,1559,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugens">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F0B25F995F644F9C4" box="[2099,2473,1559,1605]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Philantomba lugens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D0F9D5F62BF9ED" box="[1478,2502,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D0F9D5F62BF9ED" blockId="143.[1476,2503,1559,1646]" box="[1478,2502,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<heading id="D0AB016999C4FF7F06D0F9D5F62BF9ED" box="[1478,2502,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D0F9D5F9FFF9ED" bold="true" box="[1478,1554,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99C4FF7F050DF9D5F8F3F9ED" box="[1563,1822,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Céphalophe de montagne</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F0424F9D5F863F9ED" bold="true" box="[1842,1934,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99C4FF7F0480F9D5F78FF9ED" box="[1942,2146,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Tansania-Blauducker</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F0B61F9D5F73CF9ED" bold="true" box="[2167,2257,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99C4FF7F0BCAF9D5F6F6F9ED" box="[2268,2331,1623,1644]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Duiker</vernacularName>
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azul de montana
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F0B3AF91FF79BF960" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F0B3AF91FF79BF960" blockId="143.[2092,2678,1693,2115]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F0B3AF91FF72AF93B" bold="true" box="[2092,2247,1693,1722]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0BF4F91FF79CF960" authority="Thomas, 1898" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugens">Cephalophus lugens Thomas, 1898</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F0B97F94AF615F960" box="[2177,2552,1736,1761]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F0B97F94AF615F960" blockId="143.[2092,2678,1693,2115]" box="[2177,2552,1736,1761]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899C4FF7F0B97F94AF615F960" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198501" box="[2177,2552,1736,1761]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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Urori,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599C4FF7F0BF7F94AF619F960" box="[2273,2548,1736,1761]" name="Burundi" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">German East Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F0B3BF96EF724F827" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F0B3BF96EF724F827" blockId="143.[2092,2678,1693,2115]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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Formerly considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0949F96EF747F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P monticola</taxonomicName>
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. Split by some authors into subspecies based on the mountain ranges inhabited, but treated as monotypic here. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F0B3BF82EF5C6F84C" box="[2093,2603,1964,1997]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99C4FF7F0B3BF82EF5C6F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512827" box="[2093,2603,1964,1997]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512827/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" targetBox="[1475,2069,1697,2114]" targetPageId="143">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F0B3BF82EF5C6F84C" blockId="143.[2092,2678,1693,2115]" box="[2093,2603,1964,1997]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F0B3BF82EF731F84C" bold="true" box="[2093,2268,1964,1997]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Highlands of
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599C4FF7F0AB1F82EF5CAF84C" box="[2471,2599,1964,1997]" name="Tanzania" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F0B3BF85AF964F510" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F0B3BF85AF964F510" blockId="143.[2092,2678,1693,2115]" lastBlockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F0B3BF85AF6C0F874" bold="true" box="[2093,2349,2008,2037]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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No specific measurements available, but head-body ¢.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099C4FF7F0904F781F583F79D" box="[2578,2670,2051,2076]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" unit="cm" value="65.0">65 cm</quantity>
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, tail ¢.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099C4FF7F0B60F7A0F722F7C2" box="[2166,2255,2082,2115]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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; weight c.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099C4FF7F0A4DF7A0F677F7C2" box="[2395,2458,2082,2115]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" unit="kg" value="5.0">5 kg</quantity>
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. Based on skull measurements, the Mountain Blue Duikeris larger than the neighboring Eastern Blue Duiker (P. aequatorialis) and
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599C4FF7F0449F7F7F82DF713" box="[1887,1984,2165,2194]" name="Malawi" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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Blue Duiker (P. hecki). In the field, the size and coloration of the Mountain Blue Duiker may cause confusion with the slightly larger Mountain Suni (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F05AFF742F8D7F760" box="[1721,1850,2240,2273]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Neotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neotragus</taxonomicName>
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kirchenpaueri). The pelage is a uniform dark gray-brown across the back, sides, and legs, except for a pale streak down the front of the limbs. The rump darkens to black above the tail, but this marking is not conspicuous because the haunches are also quite dark. The underparts are pale brownish-gray; the groin tends to be paler and there may be a narrow streak of white along the midline. The hairs on the nape of the neck are typically reversed (directed forward). The face is brown, exceptfor the forehead and the top of the muzzle, which are nearly black. The chin and underside of the jaw are white, and whitish superciliary streaks border the dark forehead. The ears are nearly black. The crown of the head has a very long crest of black hairs. Horns are present in both sexes and are long for a blue duiker, averaging 4-3 cm in males and 3-2 cm in females. Dental formula is 10/3, C0/1,P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D3F519F983F561" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D3F519F983F561" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D3F519F9D9F539" bold="true" box="[1477,1588,2715,2744]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Montane forests. The type specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0B78F519F70DF539" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2158,2272,2715,2744]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugens">P. lugens</taxonomicName>
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was collected at an elevation of ¢.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099C4FF7F06E8F541F987F561" box="[1534,1642,2755,2784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D3F564F941F4AF" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D3F564F941F4AF" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D3F564F925F486" bold="true" box="[1477,1736,2790,2823]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but likely fruits and leaves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D3F4B6F853F4FC" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D3F4B6F853F4FC" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D3F4B6F9A1F4D4" bold="true" box="[1477,1612,2868,2901]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but presumably similar to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F05B1F4E2F8A4F4FC" box="[1703,1865,2912,2941]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Philantomba</taxonomicName>
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duikers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D2F401F940F44A" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D2F401F940F44A" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D2F401F95CF425" bold="true" box="[1476,1713,2947,2980]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but presumably diurnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D0F457F667F39B" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D0F457F667F39B" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D0F457F77EF473" bold="true" box="[1478,2195,3029,3058]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but probably like other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0B65F47BF6F8F39B" box="[2163,2325,3065,3098]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Philantomba</taxonomicName>
|
||
duikers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D0F3A6F6A4F2AC" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D0F3A6F6A4F2AC" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D0F3A6F8C8F3C0" bold="true" box="[1478,1829,3108,3137]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0BABF3A6F68DF3C0" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[2237,2400,3108,3137]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (combined with the other nine blue duiker species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699C4FF7F0508F3ECF955F30E" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1566,1720,3182,3215]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Philantomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex). The Mountain Blue Duiker is thought to exist in relatively low numbers. Populations appear to be severely affected by hunting; in the Udzungwa Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599C4FF7F0579F344F902F35E" box="[1647,1775,3270,3295]" name="Tanzania" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, relative densities were ten times lower in forest reserves where regular hunting occurs than in reserves subjected to low hunting pressures. Habitat loss through human encroachmentis anothersignificant threat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99C4FF7F06D1F2BDF7B0F2FD" pageId="143" pageNumber="714" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599C4FF7F06D1F2BDF7B0F2FD" blockId="143.[1476,2678,2122,3452]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799C4FF7F06D1F2BDF98DF2D5" bold="true" box="[1479,1632,3391,3412]" pageId="143" pageNumber="714">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
East (1999), Grubb & Groves (2001), IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008as), Kingdon (1982), Lydekker (1914), Nielsen (2006), Rovero et al. (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |