460 lines
70 KiB
XML
460 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="4C9FC9F09DD26593DA3F2664BB7E6B2B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5298914" ID-ZooBank="E922034E-1247-400B-97F6-1778CF766B91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629867666578" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Wiegmann, Brian M." docDate="2013" docId="03E45152FFC2FF86A6ABFC765165468F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03684p166.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3684 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Curtonotum gonzo Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FFDD292AFF9FFFE6A63CFFA4553F4548" masterDocTitle="<p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p>" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1699124826494" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="18E721B2C5045F226C5BA2F4115E3D69" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8E03525A1BC514D7B706A917CD09A02A">
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<mods:title id="7A379EA0F11CB099567198A752797B79"><p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p></mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BC4A2DCB3C5639AFAECE6C9907BAB5F4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EAE4A7D58E9E328CC480EE64F7374B4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6ACB94393D4B94DA7B911537A139078F">Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7A2C93C662B2F77AD8BA764F08B7989" type="email">ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9485B229E18E6021C91FB70DC70D2919">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="22FE4EE9839B55C74BF2546E788442DB">Wiegmann, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB993F629CFBB95B95588EB82E94B2B5" type="email">ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C510659D4B4A9BF2436D41618CF9CB01">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6D9A6F016A51EF7F58C11BCB5A5CA1DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9C5D5CE1CC9FA3C2F63A8238688FE519">
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<mods:date id="1E3688237C59A98264ADCE31C68637C1">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D53B9CC6EB9A5DE48153DFDE625CD693">2013-07-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="49EFECD690BFF0792E6FB4F07F41433E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C6906E4607433DBC970C2790D8CEDB89">3684</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="693118CB92BEA9AF1A0D197C7A686841">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6DA7FC885746B588C13FECCB423101E9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="35B1AF0501DD8B5CCBAA0818D7C8D9EC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A69EE45D496B08EA5A41D678B1195749" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C357B3CFFFC2FFBBA6ABFC76574946A4" box="[151,630,978,1004]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6ABFC76574946A4" blockId="93.[151,813,978,1037]" box="[151,630,978,1004]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="D0BA5728FFC2FFBBA6ABFC76574946A4" bold="true" box="[151,630,978,1004]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6ABFC76574946A4" bold="true" box="[151,630,978,1004]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC2FFBBA6ABFC76571846A4" ID-CoL="8GSXS" authority="Kirk-Spriggs" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,551,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6ABFC76544546A4" bold="true" box="[151,378,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Curtonotum gonzo</emphasis>
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Kirk-Spriggs
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC2FFBBA408FC76574946A4" box="[564,630,978,1004]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C357B3CFFFC2FF86A6ABFC515165468F" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6ABFC5156124145" blockId="93.[151,813,978,1037]" box="[151,813,1013,1037]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA6ABFC5155C64145" box="[151,249,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="58.[151,263,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-250@58.[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne’ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298942/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 119</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA739FC51540E4145" box="[261,305,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–153" captionStartId="64.[151,263,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-524@64.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298948/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">143</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA701FC5154564145" box="[317,361,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURES 172–181" captionStartId="68.[151,263,1496,1519]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,213,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-286@68.[151,1436,210,1459]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 172–181. Wing of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 172. C. angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 173. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 174. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 175. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 176. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 177. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 178. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 179. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 180. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Samaru, MNHN). 181. C. simile (N-T, Oman, Ourm, MZLU). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298954/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">179</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA749FC51572D4145" box="[373,530,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURES 259–267" captionStartId="84.[151,263,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,197,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-223@84.[153,1433,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 259–267. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 259–261. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 259. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 260. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Zaria, NMWC). 261. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC). 262–264. Phallus (right lateral view). 262. C. gonzo (same). 263. C. saheliense (same). 264. C. simile (same). 265. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view), C. gonzo (same). 266–267. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view). 266. C. saheliense (same). 267. C. simile (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298970/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">259, 262, 265</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA421FC5157754145" box="[541,586,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURES 295–305" captionStartId="94.[151,263,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,197,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-221@94.[156,1430,193,1605]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 295–305. Male sternites of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 295. C. angolense (N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 296. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 297. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 298. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 299. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 300. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 301. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, Kenya, Kainuk, TAU). 302. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 303. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Yankari Game Reserve, NMWC). 304. C. simile (N- T, UAE, Wadi Maidan, NMWC). 305. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). Scale bars: 295–301, 303–305 = 0.5 mm; 302 = 0.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298979/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">302</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA469FC5157874145" box="[597,696,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURES 306–321" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-220@100.[150,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 306–321. Examples of female postabdomen of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 306. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU), ventral. 307. Same, lateral. 308. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA), ventral. 309. Same, lateral. 310. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM), ventral. 311. Same, lateral. 312. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC), ventral. 313. Same, lateral. 314. C. litoralis sp. n. (PT, [Tanzania], Zanzibar, BMNH), ventral. 315. Same, lateral. 316. C. uncinatum sp. n. (N-T, Namibia, Regenstein 32, NMNW), ventral. 317. Same, lateral. 318. C. sakalava (N-T, Madagascar, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS), ventral. 319. Same, lateral. 320. C. balachowskyi (N-T, Madagascar, Ambovamy Belambo, TAU), ventral. 321. Same, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298981/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">310, 311</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA4F8FC5157CF4145" box="[708,752,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 328" captionStartId="122.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-130@122.[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURE 328. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Topographical: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298995/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">328</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA4C0FC5156164145" box="[764,809,1013,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 329" captionStartId="125.[151,250,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-145@125.[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIGURE 329. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Major Habitat Types: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298997/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">329</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6ABFB9951CC4131" blockId="93.[151,1436,1085,2015]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6ABFB99542A411D" box="[151,277,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC2FFBBA43EFB9A577A411D" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[514,581,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA43EFB9A577A411D" box="[514,581,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">gonzo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in apposition, named after “Gonzo the Great”, a puppet character from Jim Henson’s Muppet Show, as the anterior half of the phallus resembles his head and “beak”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6FBFB22567C41D5" blockId="93.[151,1436,1085,2015]" box="[199,835,1157,1181]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6FBFB22547441D5" box="[199,331,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Description</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA766FB2154AC41D5" box="[346,403,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Male</emphasis>
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(primarily based on field-pinned HT).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6FBFB0E54AD4041" blockId="93.[151,1436,1085,2015]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6FBFB0E54564189" box="[199,361,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Measurements</emphasis>
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: Overall length
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<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC2FFBBA414FB0D57BE4189" box="[552,641,1193,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA4A8FB0E579D4189" box="[660,674,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
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= 1, HT) (a
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<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC2FFBBA500FB0E566E4189" box="[828,849,1194,1217]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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measures
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<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC2FFBBA5F2FB0D51164189" box="[974,1065,1193,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
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;
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA204FB0E51794189" box="[1080,1094,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
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= 1, PT); length of head and thorax combined
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<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC2FFBBA767FB69548B41AD" box="[347,436,1229,1253]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
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; length of thorax and scutellum combined
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<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC2FFBBA5A8FB69512541AD" box="[916,1050,1229,1253]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.1 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA217FB6A510641AD" box="[1067,1081,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
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= 5, HT, PT); wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFC2FFBBA357FB6955E84041" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.3">2.3– 3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6D4FB5655C94041" box="[232,246,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, HT, PT).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC2FFBBA6FBFAB154074297" blockId="93.[151,1436,1085,2015]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6FBFAB1543B4065" box="[199,260,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA728FAB154464065" box="[276,377,1301,1325]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="58.[151,263,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-250@58.[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne’ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298942/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 119</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA7BBFAB1548B4065" box="[391,436,1301,1325]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–153" captionStartId="64.[151,263,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-524@64.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298948/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">143</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye height/length ratio: 9:6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA528FAB2561D4065" box="[788,802,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, PT); frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC2FFBBA5D9FAB151794065" box="[997,1094,1301,1325]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–153" captionStartId="64.[151,263,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-524@64.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298948/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
|
||
) subparallel-sided, as wide as long, frons length/width ratio: 6:6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA41BFA9E570A4019" box="[551,565,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, PT), very slightly wider at vertex than at ventral margin, ground colour dirty yellow-white, faintly darker at vertex between orbital plates and ocellar triangle, medial vittae conspicuous, surface with a few minute, but clearly discernable, pale to dark brown setulae; orbital plates and ocellar triangle silver-grey pruinose; ocelli clear grey with 6 minute dark setulae arranged in 2 closely-approximated regular rows between posterior ocelli; orbital plates extending from vertex of head to 0.8 length of frons, lateral margins with very narrow silver pruinose fascia (adjacent to eye margin), widest at antennal insertions; posterior and anterior orbital setae inserted proximally, the latter inserted beyond ½ length of frons; posterior orbital seta moderately strong, same length as lateral vertical seta, with tiny proclinate medial orbital seta inserted immediately ventral to socket of posterior orbital seta; anterior orbital seta moderately strong,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA582F9FE56E74339" box="[958,984,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. ½ length of ocellar setae; ocellar setae finer, extending
|
||
<superScript id="7C384D0CFFC2FFBBA76BF9D9546043C3" attach="right" box="[343,351,1661,1675]" fontSize="6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">4</superScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<subScript id="17C9E201FFC2FFBBA75BF92B545043D5" attach="left" box="[359,367,1679,1693]" fontSize="6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">5</subScript>
|
||
length of frons; lateral vertical seta shorter than medial; postocellar setae strong, cruciate, slightly shorter than lateral vertical seta; antennal scape and pedicel dirty yellow-white, silver-grey pruinose, flagellomere 1 concolourous with pedicel basally, darkened apically, silver-grey pruinose, longer than wide, with evenly rounded apex, arista with 6–7 long widely-spaced dorsal branches and 2 or 3 ventral branches in addition to terminal fork; lunule and face uniform silver-grey pruinose throughout, face with broad silver fascia (adjacent to eye margin), facial carina developed as a low ridge, extending ⅔ length of face; clypeus brown, especially laterally; 1 pair strong vibrissae inserted on posterior lateral margin and 9 much finer setae bordering genal groove; occiput yellow to grey pruinose with moderately strong, black postocular setae; gena narrow, eye height/genal height ratio: 9:1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC2FFBBA6E9F80055DC42F3" box="[213,227,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, PT), silver pruinose, abruptly dirty brown beyond basal angle; palpus black-brown, brown microtrichose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32B0CCFFC1FFB8A6ABF9C154A3427C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5298979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298979/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" startId="94.[151,263,1637,1660]" targetBox="[160,1427,197,1605]" targetPageId="94">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC1FFB8A6ABF9C154A3427C" blockId="94.[151,1436,1637,1844]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A6ABF9C154564334" bold="true" box="[151,361,1637,1660]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">FIGURES 295–305</emphasis>
|
||
. Male sternites of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A484F9C2565A4334" box="[696,869,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">Curtonotum spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A551F9C156AC4334" bold="true" box="[877,915,1637,1660]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">295</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A59FF9C251164334" authorityName="Tsacas" authorityYear="1977" box="[931,1065,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angolense">C. angolense</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A7EAF92054C343D3" bold="true" box="[470,508,1668,1691]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">296</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A437F92057F843D2" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1977" box="[523,711,1668,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campsiphallum">C. campsiphallum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A248F92051A543D3" bold="true" box="[1140,1178,1668,1691]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">297</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A296F920501943D2" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1194,1318,1668,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freidberg" status="sp. nov.">C. freidberg</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC1FFB8A313F921505643D2" box="[1327,1385,1669,1690]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A7ECF90754C943F2" bold="true" box="[464,502,1699,1722]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">298</emphasis>
|
||
. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A23CF907511943F2" bold="true" box="[1024,1062,1699,1722]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">299</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A20AF90751C243F1" authorityName="Curran, L. Tsacas" authorityYear="1933" box="[1078,1277,1699,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquevittatum">C. quinquevittatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A75BF96554B24390" bold="true" box="[359,397,1729,1752]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">300</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A7A5F96654E74390" authorityName=": Tsacas" authorityYear="1977" box="[409,472,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sao">C. sao</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A51FF96556764390" bold="true" box="[803,841,1729,1752]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">301</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A56AF966568F4390" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[854,944,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsacas" status="sp. nov.">C. tsacas</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC1FFB8A58AF96756D34390" box="[950,1004,1731,1752]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(PT, Kenya, Kainuk, TAU).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A332F965500B4390" bold="true" box="[1294,1332,1729,1752]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">302</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A37DF96650A34390" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1345,1436,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo" status="sp. nov.">C. gonzo</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC1FFB8A6ABF94555F243BE" box="[151,205,1761,1782]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A40EF944576743BF" bold="true" box="[562,600,1760,1783]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">303</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A458F94557D543BF" authorityName=": Wirth and Tsacas" authorityYear="1980" box="[612,746,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saheliense">C. saheliense</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N-T, Nigeria, Yankari Game Reserve, NMWC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A2D8F944503543BF" bold="true" box="[1252,1290,1760,1783]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">304</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A32BF945504D43BF" authorityName=": Wirth and Tsacas" authorityYear="1980" box="[1303,1394,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simile">C. simile</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N- T, UAE, Wadi Maidan, NMWC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A7D1F95B572C425E" bold="true" box="[493,531,1791,1814]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">305</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFC1FFB8A41CF95B5796425D" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[544,681,1791,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinatum" status="sp. nov.">C. uncinatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFC1FFB8A493F8A457D9425D" box="[687,742,1792,1813]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). Scale bars: 295–301, 303–305 = 0.5 mm; 302 = 0.6 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC1FFB9A6FBF8C5505844BC" blockId="94.[151,1436,1888,2021]" lastBlockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A6FBF8C554274231" box="[199,280,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC1FFB8A716F8C454B14230" box="[298,398,1888,1912]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="58.[151,263,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-250@58.[151,1436,265,1635]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne’ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298942/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
). Silver-grey pruinose, with four narrow parallel chestnut-brown pruinose vittae on dorsal surface, 2 median vittae extending from anterior margin to region of anterior dorsocentral seta socket, 2 lateral vittae shorter, extending from ⅔ length to region of posterior dorsocentral seta socket, 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae, posterior very long and strong (shorter than lateral scutellar seta), anterior shorter and finer (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC1FFB8A2D9F86A51C042AD" box="[1253,1279,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. ¾ length of posterior); 1 pair acrostichal setae finer, but as long as anterior dorsocentral seta; presutural seta moderately strong, reclinate, as long and strong as posterior notopleural seta; 2 notopleural setae the anterior slightly longer than posterior; 1 strong supra-alar seta slightly exceeding length of posterior dorsocentral seta; 2 postalar setae moderately strong, same size as acrostichal setae; postpronotum dirty yellow-grey pruinose, with 2 strong postpronotal setae, the more dorsal longer and reclinate, the more ventral shorter and proclinate, with 8 finer blackbrown setulae; anepisternum silver-grey pruinose with 3 strong anepisternal setae and 2 moderately strong intermediate setae, surface with 24 fine setulae scattered across surface, 3 arranged in a group in posterior corner; anepimeron, laterotergite and meron silver-grey pruinose, glabrous; katepisternum silver-grey pruinose, with 2 katepisternal setae, the more ventral strong, slightly dorsally-directed, the more dorsal much smaller and finer,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A347FE1D50AA4498" box="[1403,1429,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 0.4 length of ventral katepisternal setae, surface with 12 short, fine setulae at base and along posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FBFDA451E74774" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FBFDA4540A4750" box="[199,309,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
. Silver-grey pruinose as on mesonotum, disk clothed in black, irregular, overlapping setulae; 2 pairs of strong scutellar setae, with variable number of weaker basal and intermediate scutellar setulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FBFDED56D0465C" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FBFDED55C34728" box="[199,252,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore coxa silver-yellow pruinose with 2 moderately strong, brown, ventrally-directed preapical setae and comb of finer setulae medially, with 15 brown setulae on anterior surface; mid and hind coxae yellow-grey pruinose, mid-coxa with 2 very strong, lateral, ventrally-directed, black setae and comb of finer setae medially; hind coxa with 1 weaker lateral black seta, 1 brown setula and 1 strong ventral seta; femora, tibia and tarsi uniform dirty yellow; fore tibia with 5 strong setae on lateral margin of variable length, with ctenidium of 9–10 short, sharp, black spinules, separated from each other by 1 or more basal spinule widths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FBFC8451B146E1" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FBFC84543F467F" box="[199,256,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A728FCBB5445467F" box="[276,378,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 172–181" captionStartId="68.[151,263,1496,1519]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,213,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-286@68.[151,1436,210,1459]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 172–181. Wing of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 172. C. angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 173. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 174. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 175. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 176. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 177. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 178. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 179. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 180. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Samaru, MNHN). 181. C. simile (N-T, Oman, Ourm, MZLU). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298954/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 179</figureCitation>
|
||
). Long, relatively broad, tip evenly-rounded, veins chestnut-brown, membrane very faintly infuscate brown throughout, very slightly darker in region of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A570FCE056A84614" box="[844,919,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">dm–cu</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein; costa with prominent costal spines in basal
|
||
<superScript id="7C384D0CFFC0FFB9A6CFFCC355C4463D" attach="right" box="[243,251,871,885]" fontSize="6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">4</superScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<subScript id="17C9E201FFC0FFB9A73FFCDE543446C0" attach="left" box="[259,267,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">5</subScript>
|
||
from costal break;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A7DFFCCF571146CB" box="[483,558,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">dm–cu</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein with gentle medial angle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A5FAFCCF56C846CF" box="[966,1015,875,903]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
cua
|
||
<subScript id="17C9E201FFC0FFB9A5D3FCDE56C846CF" attach="left" box="[1007,1015,890,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
relatively short and narrow; anal fold extending less than ½ length of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A7C0FC36571346E6" box="[508,556,914,942]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
cua
|
||
<subScript id="17C9E201FFC0FFB9A418FC05571346E6" attach="left" box="[548,556,929,942]" fontSize="6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anal lobe broad, squarely rounded; halter dirty white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FBFC1C57AA41B8" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FBFC1C540E4698" box="[199,305,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Ground colour of tergites 1–5 silver-yellow to grey pruinose, clothed in relatively long black, overlapping setulae, arranged in regular rows, those at apical margins longer and stronger with dark rings around the bases of the sockets; tergite 1 simple, devoid of maculae; tergite 2 with oblique, subquadrate brown-black pruinose dorsolateral macula on either side only; tergites 3–5 with narrow, brown median fascia and well developed “T-shaped” brown lateral maculae, but not merging with median fascia, lateral margin of tergites 2–5 with subtriangular maculae in basal ½; sternites 3 to 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A511FBC856AE41CC" box="[813,913,1132,1156]" captionStart="FIGURES 295–305" captionStartId="94.[151,263,1637,1660]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,197,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-221@94.[156,1430,193,1605]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 295–305. Male sternites of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 295. C. angolense (N-T, Angola, 10 mi. NE of Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 296. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 297. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 298. C. hay sp. n. (HT, Uganda, Mujenge, HNHM). 299. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mts., TAU). 300. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 301. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, Kenya, Kainuk, TAU). 302. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 303. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Yankari Game Reserve, NMWC). 304. C. simile (N- T, UAE, Wadi Maidan, NMWC). 305. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). Scale bars: 295–301, 303–305 = 0.5 mm; 302 = 0.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298979/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 302</figureCitation>
|
||
) laterally expanded, sternite 5 especially so; sternites 4 and 5 with modified extremely long and thick setae; sternite 6 narrow basally, expanded apically, with sides evenly rounded and shallow and broad U-shaped apical excision and group of long strong setae medially; tergite 6 absent, sternite 7 weakly sclerotised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FBFB5857814244" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FBFB58547E405C" box="[199,321,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A768FB585706405C" box="[340,569,1276,1300]" captionStart="FIGURES 259–267" captionStartId="84.[151,263,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,197,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-223@84.[153,1433,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 259–267. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 259–261. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 259. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 260. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Zaria, NMWC). 261. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC). 262–264. Phallus (right lateral view). 262. C. gonzo (same). 263. C. saheliense (same). 264. C. simile (same). 265. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view), C. gonzo (same). 266–267. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view). 266. C. saheliense (same). 267. C. simile (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298970/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs 259, 262, 265</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypandrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A4CEFB585667405C" box="[754,856,1276,1300]" captionStart="FIGURES 259–267" captionStartId="84.[151,263,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,197,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-223@84.[153,1433,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 259–267. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 259–261. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 259. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 260. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Zaria, NMWC). 261. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC). 262–264. Phallus (right lateral view). 262. C. gonzo (same). 263. C. saheliense (same). 264. C. simile (same). 265. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view), C. gonzo (same). 266–267. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view). 266. C. saheliense (same). 267. C. simile (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298970/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 259</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A554FB5856BD405C" box="[872,898,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">hy</emphasis>
|
||
) long, with moderately broad-based roundedtruncate dorsobasal lobe, posterior bridge dorsally and ventrally produced; hypandrial arms narrow basally, expanded apically (viewed laterally), with 2 very long setulae proximal to postgonite, sclerotised area of medial lobes (viewed dorsally), closely abutting; postgonite (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A53CFACD562340C8" box="[768,796,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">pg</emphasis>
|
||
) free basally, long and narrow; epandrium (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A325FACD500C40C8" box="[1305,1331,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ep</emphasis>
|
||
) broader dorsally than ventrally (viewed laterally), gently curved on dorsal margin, posterior margin slightly angled, ventral margin with group of long, strong regular to irregular setae of variable length; cercus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A25DFA1551454080" box="[1121,1146,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ce</emphasis>
|
||
) narrow, usually partially retracted into epandrium, longest setae shorter than long setae on ventral margin of epandrium, with elongate fused ventral process; surstylus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A7FEFA5D54E74358" box="[450,472,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ss</emphasis>
|
||
) widest basally, long and narrow, slightly curved apically; phallus (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A336FA5C50514358" box="[1290,1390,1528,1552]" captionStart="FIGURES 259–267" captionStartId="84.[151,263,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,197,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-223@84.[153,1433,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 259–267. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 259–261. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 259. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 260. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Zaria, NMWC). 261. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC). 262–264. Phallus (right lateral view). 262. C. gonzo (same). 263. C. saheliense (same). 264. C. simile (same). 265. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view), C. gonzo (same). 266–267. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view). 266. C. saheliense (same). 267. C. simile (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298970/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs 262</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A345FA5C50AA4358" box="[1401,1429,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ph</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6ABF9B8558C437C" box="[151,179,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">bp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FFF9B855E0437C" box="[195,223,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">dp</emphasis>
|
||
; 265,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A710F9B85477437C" box="[300,328,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">bp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A764F9B8544B437C" box="[344,372,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">dp</emphasis>
|
||
) heavily sclerotised, brown; phallapodeme (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A54FF9B856E8437C" box="[883,983,1564,1588]" captionStart="FIGURES 259–267" captionStartId="84.[151,263,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,197,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-223@84.[153,1433,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 259–267. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 259–261. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 259. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 260. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Zaria, NMWC). 261. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC). 262–264. Phallus (right lateral view). 262. C. gonzo (same). 263. C. saheliense (same). 264. C. simile (same). 265. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view), C. gonzo (same). 266–267. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view). 266. C. saheliense (same). 267. C. simile (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298970/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 262</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A5D9F9B8513E437C" box="[997,1025,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ph</emphasis>
|
||
) fused to basiphallus, subtriangular (viewed laterally), with basal margin developed into 2 broad lateral lobes, bifurcated at point of connection with hypandrium; ejaculatory apodeme (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A41AF9C1577F4334" box="[550,576,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ea</emphasis>
|
||
) free, duct inserted at junction of phallapodeme and basiphallus; basiphallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A6A3F92C540243E8" box="[159,317,1672,1696]" captionStart="FIGURES 259–267" captionStartId="84.[151,263,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,197,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-223@84.[153,1433,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 259–267. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 259–261. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 259. C. gonzo sp. n. (HT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM). 260. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Zaria, NMWC). 261. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC). 262–264. Phallus (right lateral view). 262. C. gonzo (same). 263. C. saheliense (same). 264. C. simile (same). 265. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view), C. gonzo (same). 266–267. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view). 266. C. saheliense (same). 267. C. simile (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298970/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs 262, 265</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A776F92C545943E8" box="[330,358,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">bp</emphasis>
|
||
) very broad basally and for most of length, slightly expanded apically, preapically with weakly sclerotised “window”, left side with expanded blade, right side reduced to cordiform extension which continues down right side of distiphallus (may be homologous with baso-ventral process); distiphallus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A2F4F97451DB43A0" box="[1224,1252,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">dp</emphasis>
|
||
) long, scimitarlike (viewed laterally), membranous area narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FBF8BD51F24230" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC0FFB9A6FBF8BD55E34278" box="[199,220,1817,1840]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Similar to
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFC0FFB9A75EF8BD51F74230" collectionCode="PT" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFC0FFB9A75EF8BD54484278" box="[354,375,1817,1840]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, except in the following respects: wing length 3.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A5C3F8BD51324278" box="[1023,1037,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFC0FFB9A271F8BC514D4278" box="[1101,1138,1816,1840]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">PT</collectionCode>
|
||
). Postabdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFC0FFB9A30CF8BC55FB421C" captionStart="FIGURES 306–321" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-220@100.[150,1436,183,1633]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 306–321. Examples of female postabdomen of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 306. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU), ventral. 307. Same, lateral. 308. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA), ventral. 309. Same, lateral. 310. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, [Ghana], Kwadaso, HNHM), ventral. 311. Same, lateral. 312. C. simile (N-T, UAE, Wadi Maidag, NMWC), ventral. 313. Same, lateral. 314. C. litoralis sp. n. (PT, [Tanzania], Zanzibar, BMNH), ventral. 315. Same, lateral. 316. C. uncinatum sp. n. (N-T, Namibia, Regenstein 32, NMNW), ventral. 317. Same, lateral. 318. C. sakalava (N-T, Madagascar, Berenty Special Reserve, CAS), ventral. 319. Same, lateral. 320. C. balachowskyi (N-T, Madagascar, Ambovamy Belambo, TAU), ventral. 321. Same, lateral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298981/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figs 310, 311</figureCitation>
|
||
); sternite 8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A76AF8985450421C" box="[342,367,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">s8</emphasis>
|
||
) weakly sclerotised and reduced; sternite 10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A5BEF8985697421C" box="[898,936,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">s10</emphasis>
|
||
) laterally flattened proximally, with medial division; tergite 10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A746F8C454F54230" box="[378,458,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">t10+ce</emphasis>
|
||
) fused to free cerci, spinose with some sparse short terminal setulae
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFC0FFB9A6FAF821504D42AC" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFC0FFB9A6FAF821541342D4" box="[198,300,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. Some variation is apparent in the ground colour of the frons. In the Nigerian and Cameroonian specimens this is dirty white, while in the Ghanaian specimens the vittae and dark areas between the orbital plates are darker brown. The male terminalia is consistent, however, and this is here regarded as intraspecific variation only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFFFFF86A6FBFF3C541244E4" blockId="96.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A6FBFF3C548345F8" box="[199,444,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A7F0FF3C57A145F8" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[460,670,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A7F0FF3C57A145F8" box="[460,670,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Curtonotum gonzo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFFFFF86A49AFF3C57DB45E7" box="[678,740,152,175]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is sufficiently different from other species in the genus to be ascribed to a species-group of its own (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A477FF1957B1459C" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[587,654,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A477FF1957B1459C" box="[587,654,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">gonzo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group). The form of the phallus in particular is fundamentally different from other described species of the genus. Whether the Madagascan endemic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A28AFF4450A345BF" authority="Tsacas" authorityName="Tsacas" authorityYear="1974" box="[1206,1436,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternithrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A28AFF4451F645B0" box="[1206,1225,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A2EAFF44507545B0" box="[1238,1354,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">sternithrix</emphasis>
|
||
Tsacas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to this species-group remains in question. The two species share a number of similarities, including the laterally expanded male sternite 5, modified setae on male sternites 4 and 5, and the cordiform structure of the basiphallus. The two species differ dramatically in other respects however and the characters noted are more likely plesiomorphic characters of the common ancestor of the two species. Only a molecular study would help resolve relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFFFFF86A6FBFE1D5742465C" blockId="96.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A6FBFE1D54EB4498" box="[199,468,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A7D5FE1357674487" box="[489,600,439,463]" name="Ghana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">GHANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFFFFF86A456FE1357F34487" box="[618,716,439,463]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A4E8FE1C57D64487" box="[724,745,440,463]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “Kwadaso /
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFFFFF86A5BFFE1356C94487" box="[899,1014,439,463]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1969-07-21">21.7.1969</date>
|
||
. [handwritten] // light trap / on field / UV light [handwritten] // leg Endrödy- / Younga S. [handwritten] //
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFFFFF86A5A0FE78510F44BC" box="[924,1072,476,500]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A205FE78517144BB" box="[1081,1102,476,499]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A258FE7851D444BC" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1124,1259,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A258FE7851D444BC" box="[1124,1259,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Curtonotum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A338FE79507844BC" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1284,1351,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A338FE79507844BC" box="[1284,1351,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">gonzo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFFFFF86A373FE7850B344BB" box="[1359,1420,476,499]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ A.H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC9DB5FFFFFF86A6EAFE5B5496475F" author="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H." box="[214,425,511,535]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="392 - 456" refId="ref105551" refString="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. (2011) A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part III - the Malagasy species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of six new species. African Invertebrates, 52, 392 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 052.0212" type="journal article" year="2011">Kirk-Spriggs 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[printed; red card]” (HNHM). In good condition. Dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFFFFF86A403FD805746465C" collectingDate="1990-04-03" collectingDateMax="2006-05-08" collectingDateMin="1990-04-03" collectionCode="A, NW, DEI, HNHM, NMWC" collectorName="F. Menzel & J. C. Deeming" country="Cameroon" latitude="7.7575" location="Wak" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="13.525556" municipality="Beoue" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Rivers" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFFFFF86A403FD8057934774" box="[575,684,548,572]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(all labelled: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFFFFF86A56FFD8056DE4774" box="[851,993,548,572]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A5D7FD80513F4773" box="[1003,1024,548,571]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
[or
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A20CFD80517A4773" box="[1072,1093,548,571]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
] /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A259FD8051D34774" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1125,1260,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A259FD8051D34774" box="[1125,1260,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Curtonotum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D9BC7FFFFFF86A338FD8150784774" authority="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013" authorityName="Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann" authorityYear="2013" box="[1284,1351,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Curtonotidae" genus="Curtonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A338FD8150784774" box="[1284,1351,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">gonzo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A812DFFFFFF86A373FD8050B34773" box="[1359,1420,548,571]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFFFFF86A6ABFDE355904717" box="[151,175,583,607]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">A</collectionCode>
|
||
.H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC9DB5FFFFFF86A6EBFDE354964717" author="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H." box="[215,425,583,607]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="392 - 456" refId="ref105551" refString="Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. (2011) A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part III - the Malagasy species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of six new species. African Invertebrates, 52, 392 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 052.0212" type="journal article" year="2011">Kirk-Spriggs 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[printed; blue card]”):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A48AFDE356644717" box="[694,859,583,607]" name="Cameroon" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A55BFDE356B54717" box="[871,906,583,607]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “Cameroon: Prov. Nord / Dépt. Faro: village Ndom- /
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B967A3EFFFFFF86A73CFDC8547747CC" box="[256,328,620,644]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Beoué</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFFFFF86A764FDC854B747CC" box="[344,392,620,644]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">NW</collectionCode>
|
||
of
|
||
<location id="8E92B69FFFFFFF86A78DFDC854D947CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E45152FFC2FF86A6ABFC765165468F:8E92B69FFFFFFF86A78DFDC854D947CC" box="[433,486,620,644]" country="Cameroon" latitude="7.7575" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="13.525556" municipality="Beoue" name="Wak" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" stateProvince="Rivers">Wak</location>
|
||
) /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE798683FFFFFF86A43BFDC857B047CB" box="[519,655,620,644]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" precision="15" seconds="27" value="7.7575">07°45'27"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE798683FFFFFF86A4A0FDC8562147CB" box="[668,798,620,644]" degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" precision="15" seconds="32" value="13.525556">13°31'32"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFFFFF86A50BFDC856A547CC" box="[823,922,620,644]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2006-05-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB73F6CFFFFFF86A50BFDC856A547CC" box="[823,922,620,644]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2006-05-08">
|
||
8.v.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB54DA1FFFFFF86A566FDC856A547CC" box="[858,922,620,644]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0065649999999997" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="2006565.0">2006</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 565m /
|
||
<collectorName id="26B88592FFFFFF86A23DFDC8514A47CC" box="[1025,1141,620,644]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">F. Menzel</collectorName>
|
||
, CAM11 // River bank of Mayo Ndom- / Beoué, above herb / vegetation near bank, / swept” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFFFFF86A5FFFD2B56C847EF" box="[963,1015,655,679]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" name="Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">DEI</collectionCode>
|
||
). [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A22AFD2B51BA47EF" box="[1046,1157,655,679]" name="Ghana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">GHANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A2A6FD2B518247EF" box="[1178,1213,655,679]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A2ECFD2B51CC47EF" box="[1232,1267,655,679]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as holotype (all
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFFFFF86A717FD1054B94784" box="[299,390,692,716]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">HNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A7A4FD10572F4784" box="[408,528,692,716]" name="Nigeria" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4B2BCDFFFFFF86A426FD1057024783" box="[538,573,692,716]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A445FD1057CF4784" box="[633,752,692,716]" name="Nigeria" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: /
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49892EA6FFFFFF86A535FD1056784784" box="[777,839,692,716]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bagel / at crossing of / Bauchi-Dass / road,
|
||
<date id="FFF3C684FFFFFF86A308FD1050A34784" box="[1332,1436,692,716]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1990-04-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB73F6CFFFFFF86A308FD1050A34784" box="[1332,1436,692,716]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1990-04-03">3.iv.1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26B88592FFFFFF86A69BFD73547C47A7" box="[167,323,727,751]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">J.C. Deeming</collectorName>
|
||
[handwritten] // roosting in / moist cave / in bank of / dry river [handwritten] // NMW.Z. / 1981- 001” [terminalia on micro-slide] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFFFFF86A42DFD58574D465C" box="[529,626,764,788]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFFFFF86A6FBFC84578E4613" blockId="96.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A6FBFC84546F4670" box="[199,336,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A762FCBB54E9467F" box="[350,470,799,823]" name="Cameroon" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A7DEFCBB5714467F" box="[482,555,799,823]" name="Ghana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A45FFCBB5788467F" box="[611,695,799,823]" name="Nigeria" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFFFFF86A4FBFCBB5613467F" box="[711,812,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 328" captionStartId="122.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-130@122.[151,1436,301,1746]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURE 328. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Topographical: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298995/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs 328</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376FCC1FFFFFF86A505FCBB5658467F" box="[825,871,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 329" captionStartId="125.[151,250,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-145@125.[151,1436,409,1837]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIGURE 329. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Major Habitat Types: C. sao, C. gonzo sp. n., C. quinquevittatum and C. tsacas sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5298997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5298997/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">329</figureCitation>
|
||
). Records indicate that the species may be mainly associated with fragmented rainforest remnants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2E044FFFFFF86A6FBFCCC5165468F" blockId="96.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9393C56FFFFFF86A6FBFCCC547A4637" box="[199,325,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B25EA19FFFFFF86A76FFCC35459468F" collectionCode="III" country="Ghana" location="Ghana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Occurring in 3 major habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F65EE6FFFFFF86A483FCCC57C246C8" box="[703,765,872,896]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">types</typeStatus>
|
||
; predominantly in Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands and in Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests (Appendix
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5C7881FFFFFF86A2E0FC2851C346EC" box="[1244,1276,908,932]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">III</collectionCode>
|
||
). Collected at UV-light in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A721FC0B5459468F" box="[285,358,943,967]" name="Ghana" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
and roosting in moist cave in the bank of a dry riverbed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AA0D4FFFFFF86A5C2FC0B5169468F" box="[1022,1110,943,967]" name="Nigeria" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |