318 lines
33 KiB
XML
318 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418787" approvalRequired="17" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" approvalRequired_for_treatments="5" checkinTime="1630369566044" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Menezes, Naércio A." docDate="2006" docId="03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2006.38.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (4)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252006000400002&lng=en&tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acestrocephalus pallidus Menezes 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="400" masterDocId="FF8C262626745A428D19FFEA4E3DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="385" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" updateTime="1630681943096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2006-12-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>385</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>400</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252006000400002&lng=en&tlng=en</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5418787</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[941,1364,1803,1827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[941,1364,1803,1859]" box="[941,1364,1803,1827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<heading box="[941,1364,1803,1827]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,1364,1803,1827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Menezes, 2006" authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[941,1218,1803,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="new species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,1218,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Acestrocephalus pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1232,1364,1804,1827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1121,1184,1836,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[941,1364,1803,1859]" box="[1121,1184,1836,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1121,1184,1836,1859]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[158,197,749,772]" captionTargetBox="[162,1473,191,732]" captionTargetId="figure-413@14.[162,1473,191,732]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 14. Acestrocephalus pallidus, MZUSP 35624, immature female, 60.5 mm SL, ilha do Puruzinho, rio Madeira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Fig.14</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[831,1474,1899,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1975-12-15" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" county="Expedicao Permanente da Amazonia" location="Amazonas" municipality="ilha do Puruzinho" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" specimenCode="MZUSP 35624" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,932,1899,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[831,928,1899,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[938,1088,1899,1920]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">MZUSP 35624</specimenCode>
|
||
, immature female,
|
||
<quantity box="[1276,1362,1899,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" unit="mm" value="60.5">60.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1408,1470,1899,1920]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8:8EC3B99326795A4F8E26F8624D9BF82C" box="[831,934,1928,1949]" country="Brazil" county="Expedicao Permanente da Amazonia" municipality="ilha do Puruzinho" name="Amazonas" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Amazonas</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8:8EC3B99326795A4F8EB4F8624A21F82C" box="[941,1052,1928,1949]" country="Brazil" county="Expedicao Permanente da Amazonia" municipality="ilha do Puruzinho" name="rio Madeira" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">rio Madeira</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1059,1225,1928,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">ilha do Puruzinho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectingCounty pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Expedição Permanente da Amazônia</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[970,1156,1957,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" value="1975-12-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[970,1156,1957,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" value="1975-12-15">15 December 1975</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[747,1481,114,138]" lastBlockId="14.[158,802,821,986]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,885,114,136]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">N. A. Menezes</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MZUSP" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" specimenCode="MZUSP 89586, 3" specimenCount="399" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="14" pageNumber="399" type="generic" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||
399
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,264,821,842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode box="[274,424,821,842]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">MZUSP 89586</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[433,446,821,842]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">3</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[457,557,821,842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="56.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="52.0">52-60 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, taken with
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-09-02" collectionCode="MZUSP" county="rio Machado" location="Michael Goulding" municipality="Cururu" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" specimenCode="MZUSP 76623, 2, 50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[709,798,821,842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode box="[158,310,850,871]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">MZUSP 76623</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[322,336,850,871]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[348,372,850,871]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">50</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity box="[422,511,850,871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="54.5">54.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[560,659,850,871]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[669,797,850,871]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">rio Machado</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[158,230,879,900]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Cururu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, by
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8:8EC3B993267A5A4C8C14FC854FFFFC35" box="[269,450,879,900]" county="rio Machado" municipality="Cururu" name="Michael Goulding" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Rondonia">Michael Goulding</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[459,638,879,900]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" value="1980-09-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[459,638,879,900]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" value="1980-09-02">2 September 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-09-04" collectionCode="MZUSP" county="rio Machado" location="Michael Goulding" municipality="Paracauba" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" specimenCode="MZUSP 63311, 10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[647,797,879,900]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">MZUSP 63311</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[158,184,908,929]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">10</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[195,315,908,929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.52" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="4.84" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="55.2" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="48.4">48.4-62 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, 73471, 30,
|
||
<quantity box="[473,574,908,929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="40.0">40-66 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, 73487, l,
|
||
<quantity box="[714,801,908,929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.27" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="42.7">42.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, 76627, 3,
|
||
<quantity box="[296,397,936,957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="41.0">41-46 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[443,569,936,957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">rio Machado</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[578,681,936,957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Paracaúba</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, by
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26795A4D8EB4F8E14ED0FBC8:8EC3B993267A5A4C8FC8FC424EC0FC6B" county="rio Machado" municipality="Paracauba" name="Michael Goulding" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Rondonia">Michael Goulding</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[261,440,965,986]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" value="1980-09-04">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[261,440,965,986]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" value="1980-09-04">4 September 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418815" box="[158,1351,748,772]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418815/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" startId="14.[158,197,749,772]" targetBox="[162,1473,191,732]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[158,1351,748,772]" box="[158,1351,748,772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,234,749,772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Fig. 14</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[245,611,748,772]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,511,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Acestrocephalus pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
35624, immature female, 60.5 mm SL, ilha do Puruzinho, rio Madeira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="399" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[158,801,1025,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,276,1026,1050]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[284,562,1025,1050]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[284,467,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
pallidus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[158,281,1057,1081]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehlkei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[158,281,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. boehlkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[297,443,1057,1081]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,443,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[499,634,1058,1082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[499,634,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. stigmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking the dark humeral blotch characteristic of these species.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[158,428,1121,1145]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[158,428,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Acestrocephalus pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the eye smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[691,801,1121,1145]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[691,801,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. sardina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[201,374,1153,1177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[201,374,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[386,448,1154,1177]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[831,870,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[847,1470,1232,1732]" captionTargetId="graphics-533@3.[912,1463,1238,1667]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Scatter plot of eye diameter on head length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei, A. pallidus, A. nigrifasciatus and A. acutus. Acestrocephalus sardina and A. nigrifiasciatus have larger eye diameters than the other species suggesting the recognition of two species groups with respect to this character (see diagnoses of A. sardina and A. nigrifasciatus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418797/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and fewer maxillary teeth (30-38
|
||
<emphasis box="[158,180,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">vs</emphasis>
|
||
40-46. See
|
||
<figureCitation box="[304,368,1186,1209]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,197,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[161,1474,1110,1643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Scatter plot of number of maxillary teeth on standard length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, A. pallidus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines were not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the maxilla to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418801/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[540,638,1186,1210]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[540,638,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having only scattered dark chromatophores instead of the typical oblong dark blotch on the caudal-fin base of that species and the first pleural rib, the cavity anterior to it and the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">obliquus inferioris</emphasis>
|
||
muscle visible
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,449,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">vs</emphasis>
|
||
entirely covered by the fibers of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[196,401,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">obliquus superioris</emphasis>
|
||
muscle in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[513,611,1346,1370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,611,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Figs. 5f and
|
||
<quantity box="[202,231,1378,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="399" startId="14.[839,902,1222,1245]">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[839,1481,1221,1405]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,940,1222,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Table 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1144,1413,1221,1245]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1144,1413,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Acestrocephalus pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from: MZUSP 35624 (holotype), 89586, 76236, 73471, 73487, 76627, and 63311 (paratypes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[158,801,1442,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,303,1442,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[530,627,1442,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and additional specimens presented in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[408,502,1474,1497]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="14.[839,902,1222,1245]" captionText="Table 14. Morphometrics of Acestrocephalus pallidus. Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from: MZUSP 35624(holotype),89586,76236,73471,73487,76627,and63311 (paratypes)." pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Table 14</tableCitation>
|
||
. Meristic and morphometric data based on all examined lots because no statistical differences found among population samples studied. Body relatively small (SL=
|
||
<quantity box="[346,461,1570,1593]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="40.0">40-66 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Body form, dorsal and ventral body profiles, shape of snout and mouth and extension of maxilla as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[296,405,1633,1657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[296,405,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">A. sardina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[158,801,1442,1977]" lastBlockId="14.[839,1481,818,1161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Dorsal-fin rays ii,
|
||
<quantity box="[379,418,1666,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
all specimens, n=60, including
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="14" pageNumber="399">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Posterior most ray unbranched, n=60. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin rays iv,33 (iv or v, usually iv unbranched, branched rays mean=33.5, range 32-36, n=60, posterior ray split to its base and counted as 1).Moderately developed anterior anal-fin lobe including anterior unbranched rays and first 10-11branched rays. No hooks on anal-fin rays, but sexual mature males not represented in the samples. Pectoral-fin rays i,13 (anterior unbranched ray i, n=60 branched rays mean=13, range 11-15, n=60). Posterior tips of longest pectoral-fin rays reaching slightly beyond origin of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin i,7, n=60. No hooks on pelvic-fin rays. Distal tips of longest pelvic-fin rays reaching anal-fin origin. Principal caudal-fin ray count 10/9, n=60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[839,1481,818,1161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Lateral line complete, perforated scales 72 (mean=71.6, range 68-74, n=60). Scale rows above lateral line 13 (mean=12.2, range 12-13, n=60). Scale rows below lateral line 11 (mean=11, range 10-11, n=60). Scale rows around caudal peduncle 22 (mean=21.5, range 21-23, n=60).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[839,1481,818,1161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Shape, size and arrangement of teeth on premaxilla, maxilla and dentary as in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1083,1205,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1083,1201,1137,1161]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">A. sardina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Outer row small conical
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[839,1480,1438,1973]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Characters
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1187,1263,1438,1457]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
N Range Mean SD Standard length 60.5 60 40.0-66.0
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[839,1480,1438,1973]" pageId="14" pageNumber="399">Body depth 28.1 50 24.1-28.4 26.1 1.0 Snout to dorsal-fin origin 51.7 60 48.7-53.3 50.7 0.8 Snout to pectoral-fin origin 28.1 60 26.2-29.7 28.0 0.6 Snout to pelvic-fin origin 42.1 60 39.1-43.1 41.0 0.8 Snout to anal-fin origin 55.5 60 53.2-57.4 55.3 0.9 Caudal peduncle depth 8.6 60 7.5-8.7 8.1 0.2 Caudal peduncle length 9.6 60 9.1-11.0 9.8 0.5 Pectoral-fin length 17.7 60 16.0-18.3 17.2 0.5 Pelvic-fin length 15.3 60 14.1-16.2 15.1 0.4 Dorsal-fin base length 11.9 60 10.3-12.5 11.6 0.4 Dorsal-fin height 24.8 60 23.2-26.5 24.8 0.8 Anal-fin base length 38.0 60 35.8-40.0 37.7 1.1 Anal-fin lobe length 18.1 60 16.2-18.8 17.7 0.7 Eye to dorsal-fin origin 35.5 60 33.0-36.0 34.8 0.6 Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base 53.0 60 50.0-53.6 52.1 0.8 Head length 30.5 60 28.8-31.2 30.0 0.5 Horizontal eye diameter 32.4 60 29.0-34.1 32.2 1.0 Snout length 29.7 60 26.7-30.0 28.1 0.8 Least interorbital width 19.0 60 17.6-22.0 19.6 1.0 Upper jaw length 64.8 60 60.3-65.6 63.4 1.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,794,194,569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
teeth on premaxilla 9 (mean=7.8, range 7-10, n=60). Maxillary teeth 31 (mean=33.8, range 30-38, n=60), tending to increase in number with an increase in standard length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[648,708,258,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,197,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[161,1474,1110,1643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Scatter plot of number of maxillary teeth on standard length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, A. pallidus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines were not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the maxilla to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418801/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior row dentary teeth 34 (mean=32.2, range 29-37, n=60), also tending to increase in number with an increase in standard length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[229,291,354,377]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[839,878,1662,1685]" captionText="Fig. 7. Scatter plot of number of posterior dentary teeth for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei, A. pallidus, A. nigrifasciatus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines are not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the posterior row on the dentary to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered." pageId="15" pageNumber="400">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner row dentary teeth 9 (mean=10.8, range 9- 13, n=60).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,794,194,569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
Vertebrae 38 (mean=38.7, range 38-39, n=
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,675,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">47).</emphasis>
|
||
Total number of gill-rakers on first gill-arch 7 (mean=6.4, range 6-7, n=60).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,794,194,569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
Shape of muscular hiatus of pseudotympanum, arrangement of associated muscles and remaining structures (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[151,178,546,569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="400" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,370,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[250,366,545,569]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">A. sardina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,794,610,921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,333,610,633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Body pale yellow with no distinct dark spots or blotches. Scatered dark chromatophores present on dorsal head and snout and along free edge of scales on dorsal trunk being slightly darker than remaining parts of body. Dark chromatophores on caudal-fin base scattered, visible only using stereomicroscope, not forming a blotch. Dark spot at dorsalfin origin weak and dark color on lower jaw mental area sometimes diffuse. Lateral body stripe largely consisting of guanine pigment extending from posterior section dorsal opercle to caudal-fin base. All fins pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="400" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,793,962,1017]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,294,962,985]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from rio Madeira and rio Machado, a tributary of rio Madeira (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[429,493,994,1017]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[831,870,571,594]" captionTargetBox="[831,1470,194,549]" captionTargetId="figure-823@5.[831,1474,194,549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 8. Map of northern and central South America showing the geographic distribution of the species of Acestrocephalus. Some symbols may represent more than one locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418803/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="400" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,794,1057,1145]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,281,1058,1081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[484,571,1057,1081]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,571,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="400">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adjective, from the Latin for pale is in reference to the overall body color of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |