442 lines
51 KiB
XML
442 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="F761748B9BC2C9B5F3AAFE4ADC984351" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273675" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6136c6ff-eceb-4ede-bea8-7b7dc81df292" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273675" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459802017836" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Navia, Denise, Gondim, Manoel G. C. & De, Gilberto J." docDate="2007" docId="737D87D9295388417D90C10AFB57FD15" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01389p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1389" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aceria guerreronis Keifer 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="8F44FFA1295A884A7D07C72DFFA4FFF7" masterDocTitle="Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with palm trees" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698220080074" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D330FE4309F011C4FEE768FF10652041" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="018C19DA4E66A00AD5E514BFDB034376">
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<mods:title id="DA9F0E16C133CDB88353F5D5EE506E5B">Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with palm trees</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BF404C00DDF917959260F66B8FB572E">Navia, Denise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8045E779B150E9A70195EF4E6652298">Gondim, Manoel G. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7940EC27A848313FEC38B0A87EFDCAB0">De, Gilberto J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1A64E5D05DA9848974D65511A2503A92">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D0C142445503203E4FCF80437DFFFA72">
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<mods:date id="15C580086F06F663568A8557E4971885">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B48D579B68D8A2F41A450D5C045522E8">1389</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="ED7F6593C571ED0FAF2A2843ADA09B6B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.273675</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="737D87D9295388417D90C10AFB57FD15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6250599" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352019" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6250599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:737D87D9295388417D90C10AFB57FD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/737D87D9295388417D90C10AFB57FD15" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="B3CE6544295388437D90C10AFDBDF9B6" box="[151,537,1575,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388437D90C10AFDBDF9B6" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" box="[151,537,1575,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="A02381A3295388437D90C10AFDBDF9B6" bold="true" box="[151,537,1575,1601]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437D90C10AFDBDF9B6" authority="Keifer, 1965" authorityName="Keifer" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,537,1575,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437D90C10AFDBDF9B6" bold="true" box="[151,537,1575,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437D90C10AFED8F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,380,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aceria guerreronis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295388437C84C10AFDBDF9B6" author="Keifer" box="[387,537,1575,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" refString="Keifer, H. H. (1965) Eriophyid studies B- 14. California Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Sacramento, 20 pp." type="book" year="1965">Keifer, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3CE6544295388417DC0C17DFB57FD15" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388437DC0C17DFDB8F99D" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" box="[199,540,1616,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="246F886D295388437DC0C17DFF5BF99D" box="[199,255,1616,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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host:
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437C4EC17DFE5FF99E" box="[329,507,1616,1641]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nucifera">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437C4EC17DFE5FF99E" box="[329,507,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cocos nucifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388437DC0C155FDEAF965" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" box="[199,590,1656,1682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="246F886D295388437DC0C155FEA5F965" box="[199,257,1656,1682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295388437C77C155FE6EF965" box="[368,458,1656,1682]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(Guerrero)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388437DC0C18DFB60F915" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Other host:
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437C54C18DFD9FF94E" box="[339,571,1696,1721]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellifer">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437C54C18DFD9FF94E" box="[339,571,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Borassus flabellifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295388437F6BC18DFC1FF94D" author="Ramaraju" box="[620,955,1696,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" refString="Ramaraju, K. & Rabindra, R. J. (2002) Palmyra, Borassus flabellifer L. (Palmae): a host of the coconut eriophyid mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer. Pest Management in Horticulture Ecosystems, 7 (2), 149 - 151." type="journal article" year="2002">Ramaraju & Rabindra 2002</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437ED7C18DFE0BF915" authority="(H. Wendl.) Tol. (Flechtmann 1989)" authorityName="(H. Wendl.) Tol. (Flechtmann" authorityYear="1989" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Lytocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weddellianum">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437ED7C18DFAACF94E" box="[976,1288,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lytocaryum weddellianum</emphasis>
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(H. Wendl.) Tol. (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295388437DD3C1E5FE02F915" author="Flechtmann" box="[212,422,1736,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" refString="Flechtmann, C. H. W. (1989) Cocos weddelliana H. Wendl. (Palmae: Arecaceae), a new host plant for Eriophyes guerreronis (Keifer, 1965) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 15 (4), 241." type="journal article" year="1989">Flechtmann 1989</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437CBCC1E5FB60F915" authority="(Cham.) Glass. (Ansaloni & Perring 2002)" authorityName="(Cham.) Glass. (Ansaloni & Perring" authorityYear="2002" box="[443,1220,1736,1762]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Syagrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romanzoffiana">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437CBCC1E5FD6FF916" box="[443,715,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Syagrus romanzoffiana</emphasis>
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(Cham.) Glass. (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295388437E95C1E5FB18F915" author="Ansaloni" box="[914,1212,1736,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Ansaloni, T. & Perring, T. M. (2002) Biology of Aceria guerreronis Keifer on queen palms. In: XI. International Congress of Acarology, Merida, 2002. Program and Abstract Book. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, 145." type="book chapter" year="2002">Ansaloni & Perring 2002</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388437DC0C1DDFB05F8FD" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" box="[199,1185,1776,1802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Other locality: widely distributed in
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295388437F76C1DDFD72F8FD" box="[625,726,1776,1802]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">America</collectingCountry>
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and Africa; Asia (
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295388437EAAC1DDFC4FF8FD" box="[941,1003,1776,1802]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">India</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295388437923C1DDFB3CF8FD" box="[1060,1176,1776,1802]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388437DC0C035FCE0F8C5" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" box="[199,836,1816,1842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plant part: under the bract of fruit; leaf; terminal shoot</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295388407DC0C06DFC6DFDED" blockId="9.[151,1438,1575,2002]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Remarks:
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437C38C06DFDBAF8AE" box="[319,542,1856,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437C38C06DFDBAF8AE" box="[319,542,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aceria guerreronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the coconut mite, is an invasive species that became a key pest of coconut (
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295388437DA6C045FEF7F876" box="[161,339,1896,1921]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nucifera">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295388437DA6C045FEF7F876" box="[161,339,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cocos nucifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.) in the Americas, Africa and recently in IndoOcean countries. Infestations by
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C29538843780BC045FF1DF85E" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD29538843780BC045FF1DF85E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in coconut fruits cause physical damage to growing tissues, which become necrotic and suberized, resulting in uneven growth and premature drop (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295388437F9AC095FCE6F825" author="Doreste" box="[669,834,1976,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" refString="Doreste-S., E. (1968) El acaro de la flor del cocotero (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) en Venezuela. Agronomia Tropical, 18 (3), 370 - 386." type="journal article" year="1968">Doreste 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295388437E56C095FBD4F825" author="Moore" box="[849,1136,1976,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" refString="Moore, D. & Howard, F. W. (1996) Coconuts. In: Lindquist, E. E.; Sabelis, M. W. & J. Bruin (Org.). Eriophyoid mites: their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 561 - 570." type="book chapter" year="1996">Moore & Howard 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F2953884379AEC095FAA2F825" box="[1193,1286,1976,2002]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, in the same year of its description, an infestation varying from 80 to 100% had been observed in several regions of the country, indicating that the mite had already been disseminated in that country (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840794CC7EDFA8CFF2D" author="Ortega" box="[1099,1320,192,218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Ortega, C. A., Rodriguez, V. & Garibay, C. V. (1965) Investigaciones preliminares sobre el eriofido del fruto del cocotero, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, en la Costa Grande de Guerrero. Agricultura Tecnica en Mexico, 2, 222 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">
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Ortega
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD2950884079A3C7EDFB7DFF2E" box="[1188,1241,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
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. 1965
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Collection records indicate that
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<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407CC1C7C5FDCBFEF6" box="[454,623,232,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
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<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407CC1C7C5FDCBFEF6" box="[454,623,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was also already present in other regions from SouthAmerica even before its original description. Symptoms similar to that caused by coconut mite infestations were observed before
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<quantity id="3C2C9B2A295088407DEDC615FEE7FEA5" box="[234,323,312,338]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9911" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1965.0">1965 in</quantity>
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C4CC615FE66FEA5" box="[331,450,312,338]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407CC9C615FDE2FEA5" box="[462,582,312,338]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407F85C615FD6EFEA5" box="[642,714,312,338]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407FDEC615FC5CFEA5" author="Robbs" box="[729,1016,312,338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Robbs, C. F. & Peracchi, A. L. (1965) Sobre a ocorrencia de um acaro prejudicial ao coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.). Anais da 9 a Reuniao Fitossanitaria, Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, p. 65 - 70." type="book chapter" year="1965">Robbs & Peracchi 1965</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407902C615FB02FEA5" author="Doreste" box="[1029,1190,312,338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Doreste-S., E. (1968) El acaro de la flor del cocotero (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) en Venezuela. Agronomia Tropical, 18 (3), 370 - 386." type="journal article" year="1968">Doreste 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E2950884079B4C615FF72FE8D" author="Zuluaga" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Zuluaga, C. I. & Sanchez, P. A. (1971) La rona o escoriacion de los frutos del cocotero (Cocos nucifera L.) en Colombia. Acta Agronomica, 21 (3), 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="1971">Zuluaga & Sánchez 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
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||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C0BC64DFE26FE8D" box="[268,386,352,378]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, it was reported in 1948 the occurrence of a symptom named as "mancha de la nuez del cocotero" in several areas of the Atlantic coast (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407FE0C6A5FB86FE55" author="Zuluaga" box="[743,1058,392,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Zuluaga, C. I. & Sanchez, P. A. (1971) La rona o escoriacion de los frutos del cocotero (Cocos nucifera L.) en Colombia. Acta Agronomica, 21 (3), 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="1971">Zuluaga & Sánchez 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This symptom had also been observed by Sánchez (1962) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407F0CC69DFCEFFE3D" author="Zuluaga" box="[523,843,432,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Zuluaga, C. I. & Sanchez, P. A. (1971) La rona o escoriacion de los frutos del cocotero (Cocos nucifera L.) en Colombia. Acta Agronomica, 21 (3), 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="1971">Zuluaga & Sánchez (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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, who denominated it as "roña o escoriación de los frutos del cocotero". The causal agent of this symptom had not been determined until affected fruits were examined in detail and mites were found, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407E1DC52DFC66FDEE" box="[794,962,512,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407E1DC52DFC66FDEE" box="[794,962,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295088407DC0C505FEDBFCC5" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407DEFC505FE97FDB5" box="[232,307,552,578]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407C38C505FDCBFDB5" author="Robbs" box="[319,623,552,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Robbs, C. F. & Peracchi, A. L. (1965) Sobre a ocorrencia de um acaro prejudicial ao coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.). Anais da 9 a Reuniao Fitossanitaria, Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, p. 65 - 70." type="book chapter" year="1965">Robbs & Peracchi (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407FE6C505FC2FFDB6" box="[737,907,552,577]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407FE6C505FC2FFDB6" box="[737,907,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time, infesting coconut in Santa Cruz, State of Rio de Janeiro, causing "russeting" and premature fruit drop. These authors mention that the same symptons had been observed before in State of Pernambuco. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407ECCC555FBB2FD65" box="[971,1046,632,658]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in addition to infesting fruits,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407884C555FEBBFD4E" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407884C555FEBBFD4E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also reported to cause the death of buds of young coconut plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840797DC58DFA3CFD4D" author="Aquino" box="[1146,1432,672,698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" refString="Aquino, M. L. N. & Arruda, G. P. (1967) O agente causal da " necrose do olho do coqueiro " em Pernambuco. IPA, Recife, 33 pp." type="book" year="1967">Aquino & Arruda 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407D90C5E5FEDFFD15" author="Aquino" box="[151,379,712,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" refString="Aquino, M. L. N., Flechtmann, C. H. W. & Arruda, G. P. (1968) Contribuicao ao estudo do acaro causador da " necrose do olho do coqueiro " em Pernambuco e seu controle. Boletim Tecnico, 34, Instituto de Pesquisa Agronomica de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brasil, 15 pp." type="book" year="1968">
|
||
Aquino
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407DF0C5E5FE97FD16" box="[247,307,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1968
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this
|
||
<typeStatus id="246F886D295088407F3AC5E5FDCBFD15" box="[573,623,712,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of damage has not been seen since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C29508840791DC5E5FB60FD16" box="[1050,1220,712,737]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD29508840791DC5E5FB60FD16" box="[1050,1220,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also reported infesting terminal shoots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407CF6C5DDFBA5FCFD" authority="(H. Wendl.) Tol." authorityName="(H. Wendl.) Tol." box="[497,1025,752,778]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Lytocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weddellianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407CF6C5DDFC88FCFE" box="[497,812,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lytocaryum weddellianum</emphasis>
|
||
(H. Wendl.) Tol.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the State of São Paulo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407852C5DDFA39FCFD" box="[1365,1437,752,778]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407D99C435FED6FCC5" author="Flechtmann" box="[158,370,792,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Flechtmann, C. H. W. (1989) Cocos weddelliana H. Wendl. (Palmae: Arecaceae), a new host plant for Eriophyes guerreronis (Keifer, 1965) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 15 (4), 241." type="journal article" year="1989">Flechtmann 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295088407DC0C46DFD5BFC0D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407DC0C46DFE81FCAD" author="In" box="[199,293,832,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" refString="Aquino, M. L. N. & Arruda, G. P. (1967) O agente causal da " necrose do olho do coqueiro " em Pernambuco. IPA, Recife, 33 pp." type="book" year="1967">In 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a significantly premature drop of coconut fruits was observed in the State of Zulia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F29508840781AC46DFA3DFCAD" box="[1309,1433,832,858]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, caused by high infestations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407F17C445FD1EFC76" box="[528,698,872,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407F17C445FD1EFC76" box="[528,698,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This was the first report of the coconut mite in that country. Afterwards it was observed that the mite was already widely disseminated in all regions of the Maracaibo Lake, Northwest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C97C495FDA8FC25" box="[400,524,952,978]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to the farmers the problem emerged in 1965/1966 with losses reaching 70% of fruits in that region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407F48C4CDFD57FC0D" author="Doreste" box="[591,755,992,1018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Doreste-S., E. (1968) El acaro de la flor del cocotero (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) en Venezuela. Agronomia Tropical, 18 (3), 370 - 386." type="journal article" year="1968">Doreste 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295088407DC0C325FD27FA95" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In the Caribbean region the presence of the coconut mite was first reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407995C325FB74FBD5" box="[1170,1232,1032,1058]" name="Cuba" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
during the early 1970’s, in the Baracoa region where the coconut production area is concentrated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840795DC31DFA34FBBD" author="Estrada" box="[1114,1424,1072,1098]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Estrada, J. & Gonzalez, M. (1975) Danos causados en coco por Aceria guerreronis (Acarina: Eriophyidae) en Cuba. Revista de la Agricultura, 8 (2), 30 - 34." type="journal article" year="1975">Estrada & Gonzalez 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The intensity of infestation was from 42 to 65% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407FE1C375FCDBFB85" author="Suarez" box="[742,895,1112,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Suarez, A. (1991) Distribucion y evaluacion de danos del acaro Eriophyes guerreronis en plantaciones de cocotero de la region de Baracoa. Proteccion de Plantas, 1 (1), 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="1991">Suarez 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407EB0C375FBBAFB85" box="[951,1054,1112,1138]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the exact year of occurrence of the coconut mite is unknown, however it was around 1976 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407E48C3ADFC54FB6D" author="Griffith" box="[847,1008,1152,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Griffith, R. (1984) The problem of the coconut mite, Eriophyes guerreronis, in the coconut groves of Trinidad & Tobago. Proceedings of the 20 th Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Food Crops Society, Caribbean Food Crops Society, St. Croix, 128 - 132." type="proceedings paper" year="1984">Griffith 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407924C3ADFB14FB6D" box="[1059,1200,1152,1178]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coconut mite infestations were observed since 1977 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407F3DC385FC8FFB35" author="Howard" box="[570,811,1192,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Howard, F. W., Abreu-Rodriguez, E. & Denmark, H. A. (1990) Geographical and seasonal distribution of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Puerto Rico and Florida, USA. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 74 (3), 237 - 251." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Howard
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407FA2C385FD7FFB36" box="[677,731,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in Saint Lucie since 1980 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840798CC385FAC9FB35" author="Moore" box="[1163,1389,1192,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Moore, D., Alexander, L. & Hall, R. A. (1989) The coconut mite, Eriophyes guerreronis Keifer in St. Lucia: yield losses and attempts to control it with acaricide, polybutene and Hirsutella fungus. Tropical Pest Management, 35, 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Moore
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD2950884079E1C385FAB9FB36" box="[1254,1309,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407D90C3FDFF5EFB1D" box="[151,250,1232,1258]" name="Grenada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C3EC3FDFE7FFB1D" box="[313,475,1232,1258]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Saint Vincent</collectingCountry>
|
||
before 1985 and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407FD0C3FDFC43FB1D" box="[727,999,1232,1258]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Republica Dominicana</collectingCountry>
|
||
since 1984 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407981C3FDFA84FB1D" author="Moore" box="[1158,1312,1232,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Moore, D. (1986) Bract arrangement in the coconut fruit in relation to attack by the coconut mite Eriophyes guerreronis Keifer. Tropical Agriculture, 63 (4), 285 - 288." type="journal article" year="1986">Moore 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F29508840785DC3FDFF69FAE5" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
the first report of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407CA8C3D5FDFEFAE6" box="[431,602,1272,1297]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407CA8C3D5FDFEFAE6" box="[431,602,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurrence is from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407E49C3D5FB87FAE5" author="Schliesske" box="[846,1059,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="30" refString="Schliesske, J. (1988) On the gall mite fauna (Acari: Eriophyoidea) of Cocos nucifera L. in Costa Rica. Nachrichtenblatt des deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 40 (8 - 9), 124 - 127." type="journal article" year="1988">Schliesske (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who considered the species as endemic, because in the Atlantic coast, South of Province of Limon, 90% of coconut palms were infested and a high percentage of fruits were damaged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295088407DC0C25DFAF9FA2D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C14C25DFEF5FA7D" box="[275,337,1392,1418]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407F1FC25DFD65FA7E" box="[536,705,1392,1417]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407F1FC25DFD65FA7E" box="[536,705,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported for the first time in Florida, in 1984 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840781AC25DFF5FFA45" author="Howard" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Howard, F. W., Abreu-Rodriguez, E. & Denmark, H. A. (1990) Geographical and seasonal distribution of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Puerto Rico and Florida, USA. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 74 (3), 237 - 251." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Howard
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407880C25DFF0AFA46" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In 1997 infestations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407F1CC2B5FD67FA46" box="[539,707,1432,1457]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407F1CC2B5FD67FA46" box="[539,707,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in young Queen palm plants,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407918C2B5FA38FA45" authority="(Cham.) Glass." authorityName="(Cham.) Glass." box="[1055,1436,1432,1458]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Syagrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romanzoffiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407918C2B5FB42FA46" box="[1055,1254,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. romanzoffiana</emphasis>
|
||
(Cham.) Glass.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported in San Diego, California, causing the death of terminal shoots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407925C2EDFAF5FA2D" author="Ansaloni" box="[1058,1361,1472,1498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" refString="Ansaloni, T. & Perring, T. M. (2002) Biology of Aceria guerreronis Keifer on queen palms. In: XI. International Congress of Acarology, Merida, 2002. Program and Abstract Book. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, 145." type="book chapter" year="2002">Ansaloni & Perring 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295088407DC0C2C5FEC2F89D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Almost simultaneously with its original description from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407E65C2C5FC1FF9F5" box="[866,955,1512,1538]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the reports in South American countries —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407DF3C13DFE9AF9DD" box="[244,318,1552,1578]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C4DC13DFE1AF9DD" box="[330,446,1552,1578]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407CF1C13DFDCAF9DD" box="[502,622,1552,1578]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
the coconut mite was reported from Africa. It was found on the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407869C13DFEDCF9A5" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">São Tomé and Principe</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands off the West coast of Africa in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407EEEC115FB99F9A5" box="[1001,1085,1592,1618]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1966 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E2950884079B3C115FF72F98D" author="Cabral" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Cabral, R. V. G. & Carmona, M. M. (1968) Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acarina: Eriophyidae), uma especie nova para S. Tome e Principe. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 10 (3 / 4), 353 - 358." type="journal article" year="1968">Cabral & Carmona 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In continental Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407CE8C14DFD3CF98E" box="[495,664,1632,1657]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407CE8C14DFD3CF98E" box="[495,664,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported for the first time in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407921C14DFBCBF98D" box="[1062,1135,1632,1658]" name="Benin" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in 1967, and in less than two years the mite was found in all coconut producing areas in this country (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840792DC1A5FB62F955" author="Mariau" box="[1066,1222,1672,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Mariau, D. (1969) Aceria guerreronis Keifer: recent ravageur de la cocoteraie Dahomeenne. Oleagineux, 24 (5): 269 - 272." type="journal article" year="1969">Mariau 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E2950884079D4C1A5FAB6F955" author="Mariau" box="[1235,1298,1672,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Mariau, D. (1977) Aceria (Eriophyes) guerreronis: un important ravageurdes cocoteraies africaines et americaines. Oleagineux, 32, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Then the coconut mite was found in neighbouring countries –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407FFBC19DFC9FF93D" box="[764,827,1712,1738]" name="Togo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407E42C19DFC39F93D" box="[837,925,1712,1738]" name="Nigeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407ED2C19DFBEBF93D" box="[981,1103,1712,1738]" name="Cameroon" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840795AC19DFB5CF93D" author="Mariau" box="[1117,1272,1712,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Mariau, D. (1977) Aceria (Eriophyes) guerreronis: un important ravageurdes cocoteraies africaines et americaines. Oleagineux, 32, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1977">Mariau 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407803C19DFEA5F905" author="Julia" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Julia, J. F. & Mariau, D. (1979) Nouvelles researches en Cote d'Ivoire sur Eriophyes guerreronis K., acarien ravageur des noix du cocotier. Oleagineux, 34, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1979">Julia & Mariau 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Côte d´Ivoire (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407CE7C1F5FDC8F905" box="[480,620,1752,1778]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
) it was first reported in 1975, in several Southeastern localities, causing a reduction of 7 to 15% in copra production (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295088407FDCC02DFC73F8ED" author="Julia" box="[731,983,1792,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Julia, J. F. & Mariau, D. (1979) Nouvelles researches en Cote d'Ivoire sur Eriophyes guerreronis K., acarien ravageur des noix du cocotier. Oleagineux, 34, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1979">Julia & Mariau 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Later damage by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C2950884079BBC02DFAC2F8EE" box="[1212,1382,1792,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD2950884079BBC02DFAC2F8EE" box="[1212,1382,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407C22C005FE21F8B5" box="[293,389,1832,1858]" name="Gambia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, indicating that the mite is also present in all countries between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F29508840796AC005FB6EF8B5" box="[1133,1226,1832,1858]" name="Gambia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407805C005FA9AF8B5" box="[1282,1342,1832,1858]" name="Togo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29508840784BC005FEFEF89D" author="Moore" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Moore, D. & Howard, F. W. (1996) Coconuts. In: Lindquist, E. E.; Sabelis, M. W. & J. Bruin (Org.). Eriophyoid mites: their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 561 - 570." type="book chapter" year="1996">Moore & Howard 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295088417DC0C055FC53FF45" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,738]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In East Africa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295088407C74C055FDB9F866" box="[371,541,1912,1937]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295088407C74C055FDB9F866" box="[371,541,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295088407FC4C055FC88F865" box="[707,812,1912,1938]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the early 1980´s and today is widely disseminated in the coconut production areas of this country as well as off the coast — Mafia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F29508840794DC08DFB16F84D" box="[1098,1202,1952,1978]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Pemba Islands. During surveys conducted in affected areas from
|
||
<date id="8F6A100F295088407FD0C0E5FCD0F815" box="[727,884,1992,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1992" valueMax="1996">1992 to 1996</date>
|
||
, the losses in coconut dry weight reached 20 to 30% and due to premature dropping were on average 21% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417E57C7B5FC4FFF45" author="Seguni" box="[848,1003,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refString="Seguni, Z. (2000) Incidence, distribution and economic importance of the coconut eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in Tanzanian coconut based cropping systems. In: 1 st International Workshop on Coconut Mite (Aceria guerreronis), Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwilla, Sri Lanka, 10." type="book chapter" year="2000">Seguni 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB6B36CF295188417DC0C7EDFB57FD15" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The most recent records of the coconut mite were in Asia, more specifically in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417959C7EDFB3EFF2D" box="[1118,1178,192,218]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F2951884179D5C7EDFAE3FF2D" box="[1234,1351,192,218]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the species was unknown until the end of the 1990s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417FFAC7C5FBA8FEF5" author="Sathiamma" box="[765,1036,232,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refString="Sathiamma, B., Radhakrishnan Nair, C. P. R. & Koshi, P. K. (1998) Outbreak of a nut infesting eriophyid mite, Eriophyes guerreronis (K.) in coconut plantations in India. Indian Coconut Journal, 29 (2), 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Sathiamma
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417E8BC7C5FC1BFEF6" box="[908,959,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417910C7C5FAABFEF5" author="Fernando" box="[1047,1295,232,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" refString="Fernando, L. C. P., Wickramananda, I. R., Aratchige, N. S. (2002) Status of coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis in Sri Lanka. In: Fernando, L. C. P.; Moraes, G. J.; Wickramananda, I. R. (Org.). Proceedings of the international workshop on coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis). Lunuwila: Coconut Research Institute. p. 1 - 8" type="proceedings paper" year="2002">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD29518841798AC7C5FB64FEF6" box="[1165,1216,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In 1997
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295188417884C7C5FEBBFEDE" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417884C7C5FEBBFEDE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infestations were observed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417F8CC63DFCA7FEDD" box="[651,771,272,298]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The mite pest was found in Kalpitiya, disseminating to neighbouring areas of about 15.000 acres. The incidence varied from 5 to 100% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29518841796AC615FACAFEA5" author="Fernando" box="[1133,1390,312,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" refString="Fernando, L. C. P., Wickramananda, I. R., Aratchige, N. S. (2002) Status of coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis in Sri Lanka. In: Fernando, L. C. P.; Moraes, G. J.; Wickramananda, I. R. (Org.). Proceedings of the international workshop on coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis). Lunuwila: Coconut Research Institute. p. 1 - 8" type="proceedings paper" year="2002">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD2951884179E0C615FAB9FEA6" box="[1255,1309,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417D90C64DFF72FE8D" box="[151,214,352,378]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a high infestation was reported in 1998, in the District of Ernakulam, Central Kerala (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E2951884179D3C64DFF77FE55" author="Sathiamma" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refString="Sathiamma, B., Radhakrishnan Nair, C. P. R. & Koshi, P. K. (1998) Outbreak of a nut infesting eriophyid mite, Eriophyes guerreronis (K.) in coconut plantations in India. Indian Coconut Journal, 29 (2), 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Sathiamma
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417866C64DFA31FE8E" box="[1377,1429,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in 1999 surveys showed that the pest was already stablished in all State of Kerala and also in some areas of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andra Pradesh, in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417E7CC69DFC1FFE3D" box="[891,955,432,458]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295188417EC2C69DFB00FE3E" box="[965,1188,432,457]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417EC2C69DFB00FE3E" box="[965,1188,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aceria guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurrence was also observed in the west islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417F08C6F5FD14FE05" box="[527,688,472,498]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lakshadweep</collectingCountry>
|
||
— Minicoy, Kalpeni and Kavaratti (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417960C6F5FB7BFE05" author="Haq" box="[1127,1247,472,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" refString="Haq, M. A. (1999) Distribution of the coconut mite Aceria guerreronis in Peninsular India and adjacent islands. Entomon, 24 (4), 371 - 379." type="journal article" year="1999">Haq 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the east islands — Adamans and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417CCEC52DFD83FDED" box="[457,551,512,538]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417F3CC52DFCD4FDED" author="Prasad" box="[571,880,512,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refString="Prasad, G. S. & Ranganath, H. R. (2000) Occurrence of nut infesting eriophyid mite Eriophyes guerreronis (K.) in coconut plantations in Andamans. Indian Coconut Journal, 31 (6), 17." type="journal article" year="2000">Prasad & Raganath 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417EE8C52DFB8AFDED" box="[1007,1070,512,538]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Orissa, the coconut mite was reported for the first time in 2000 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417F37C505FCE6FDB5" author="Jagadiswari" box="[560,834,552,578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" refString="Jagadiswari, R., Anand Prakash & Sujatha, A. (2001). Incidences of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) on coconut in Orissa. Journal of Applied Zoological Research, 12 (2 / 3), 151." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Jagadiswari
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417FC3C505FD5BFDB6" box="[708,767,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417EDBC505FBBFFDB5" box="[988,1051,552,578]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in Gujarat, in 2003 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417812C505FF73FD9D" author="Desai" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" refString="Desai, H. R., Patel, S. M., Patel, M. B. & Saravaiya, S. N. (2003) Record of eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer on coconut, Cocos nucifera L. in South Gujarat. Insect Environment, 9 (2), 60 - 61." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Desai
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417866C505FA31FDB6" box="[1377,1429,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295188417DEEC57DFE62FD9E" box="[233,454,592,617]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Aceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerreronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417DEEC57DFE62FD9E" box="[233,454,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aceria guerreronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been found infesting Palmyra palm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD44D4C295188417EDEC57DFB1BFD9E" box="[985,1215,592,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A0EADD295188417EDEC57DFB1BFD9E" box="[985,1215,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Borassus flabellifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu and Sirugamani,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417CE8C555FD8FFD65" box="[495,555,632,658]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417F63C555FD72FD65" box="[612,726,632,658]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E295188417FE2C555FB8AFD65" author="Ramaraju" box="[741,1070,632,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refString="Ramaraju, K. & Rabindra, R. J. (2002) Palmyra, Borassus flabellifer L. (Palmae): a host of the coconut eriophyid mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer. Pest Management in Horticulture Ecosystems, 7 (2), 149 - 151." type="journal article" year="2002">Ramaraju & Rabindra 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F454B3E29518841793DC555FABEFD65" author="Subramanian" box="[1082,1306,632,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refString="Subramanian, S. (2002) Eriophyid mite incidence on Palmyrah. Insect Environment, 8 (3), 113 - 114." type="journal article" year="2002">Subramanian 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Moraes & Fernando [Moraes, G.J.de. (Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (
|
||
<collectionCode id="9DC5AE0A29518841792CC58DFB34FD4D" box="[1067,1168,672,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ESALQ</collectionCode>
|
||
), Universidade de São Paulo) & Fernando, L.C.P (Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C3765F295188417EA0C5E5FBBFFD15" box="[935,1051,712,738]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (in preparation)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |