436 lines
51 KiB
XML
436 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="B7F090DBF6AAFD96C4FEA0602A2949CC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4274.1.1SLASH11283" ID-CLB-Dataset="32875" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.804182" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7ffebb0-4bea-4c4d-8873-96db1864f598" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="804182" ID-ZooBank="27748C60-F64A-4E2C-B5CD-8DB413480DF4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1496907452697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Song, Hojun, Oyama, Ken, González-Rodríguez, Antonio & Castillo, Raúl Cueva Del" docDate="2017" docId="A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4274.1.1SLASH11283.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4274 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sphenarium zapotecum Sanabria-Urban, Song & Cueva" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="5D15165DAC073B682C29D26CFFA0AF0C" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698440317697" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="1960696B32659E6EDB0EEA5F4570FF56" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1707FEEF95549083897E2ABA6AC6B09B">
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<mods:title id="B8C25BF61F714636323858567B648E39">Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C25F006FA535620BFAD3599899F6D83E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EF3CB9AE870F628E84AED634EDF0F65A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B2F104F1BB5858E2F1053D891B910B8">Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D2B58B56C1A6313469819FAD1087F7F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0F943DE96C88B9A25938323D603B9F94">Song, Hojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B118AEA4C198AA5F6F85574F36675E82" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="59B2C22E7093F2EDF85B079A8CA3F7AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="716C8BAAD13A5993E123B2D7860BD72B">Oyama, Ken</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0E195B8C1CBA4F311D06747AE439D6">González-Rodríguez, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED20672EF43F6A2949E5658A3AFF6B20">Castillo, Raúl Cueva Del</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B708CA4B103A6175D039035C8BF19004">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0C0A46B93CA3DCCE9D1FB8C8B91107D7">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="665B4ED11F915B9C43ADCEAC844A74D2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D05EEE58B9E9881F4B69DE295A915420">4274</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F85C3C93D3BD25E478E32691CAC1AC24" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.804182</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A57140C2068C0D798D9C5DB89F5386DD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131876342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC1B3B742CBED2FBFB91AFDF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CBED2FBFB83AFBE" blockId="28.[151,1073,151,211]" box="[151,1059,151,178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="7272685FAC1B3B742CBED2FBFB83AFBE" bold="true" box="[151,1059,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CBED2FBFB83AFBE" bold="true" box="[151,1059,151,178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742CBED2FBFCEDAFBE" ID-CoL="4YV4T" authority="Sanabria-Urban, Song & Cueva" authorityName="Sanabria-Urban, Song & Cueva" box="[151,845,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CBED2FBFE15AFBD" bold="true" box="[151,437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphenarium zapotecum</emphasis>
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Sanabria-Urbán, Song & Cueva
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</taxonomicName>
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del Castillo sp.n.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CBED2D6FB91AFDF" blockId="28.[151,1073,151,211]" box="[151,1073,186,211]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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(http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742E3BD2D6FD33AFDF" box="[530,659,186,211]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:495075)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC1B3B742CBED36EFC88AB3C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CBED36EFB32AC03" blockId="28.[151,1437,258,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CBED36EFE89AE17" bold="true" box="[151,297,258,283]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</emphasis>
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External morphology (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742E07D36EFDD0AE17" box="[558,624,258,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,205,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. External morphology of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 2 m (C) and f (D), and morphotype 3 m (E) and f (F); S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype m (G) and paratype f # 23 (H); S. tarascum sp. n. holotype m (I) and paratype f # 2 (J,); S. planum m (K) and f (L); S. macrophallicum paratype m # 230 (M) and f (N); S. minimum m (O) and f (P); S. infernalis sp. n. holotype m (Q) and paratype f # 2 (R); S. rugosum morphotype 1 m (S) and f (T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804202/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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G, H): total body length ranging from
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<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742835D36FFB52AE16" box="[1052,1266,258,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.443" metricValueMax="2.673" metricValueMin="2.213" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="24.43" valueMax="26.73" valueMin="22.13">22.13 to 26.73 mm</quantity>
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in females and from
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<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742CFCD34BFE0BAE32" box="[213,427,294,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1774999999999998" metricValueMax="2.426" metricValueMin="1.9289999999999998" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="21.775" valueMax="24.26" valueMin="19.29">19.29 to 24.26 mm</quantity>
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in males; antennae filiform, slightly shorter in females or longer than head and pronotum together in males; head subtriangular-elongated slightly longer than wide in females or conical notably longer than wide in males, with oval eyes in both sexes; fastigium moderately elongated, nearly half the length of interocular space in females or notably elongated, nearly as long as the interocular space in males; tegmina spatula-like in both sexes; subgenital plate of males rounded, moderately developed posteriorly; dorsal ovipositor valves lanceolate, moderately elongated towards the apex. Male genitalia: bridge of epiphallus as long or slightly longer than the length of lateral plates in most cases (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742E7CD390FD09AD19" box="[597,681,508,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[178,1427,201,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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J–I). Ectophallus in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742804D390FB20AD19" box="[1069,1152,508,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[178,1427,201,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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J-II) with lateral borders convergent slightly rounded; basal emargination of cingulum moderately developed; interspace between apodemal plates of cingulum moderately open. Ectophallus in posterior view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742F8BD028FC54AD51" box="[930,1012,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[178,1427,201,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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K) without a conspicuous sclerotized hollow in the sheath; inflections of supraramus reduced or not developed laterally (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742877D00BFB11AD8C" box="[1118,1201,615,640]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[178,1427,201,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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K, arrow); valves of cingulum with unique tongue-like form, notably developed posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742F9ED0E7FBA8ADA8" box="[951,1032,651,676]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[178,1427,201,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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L). Endophallus in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742946D0E7FF11ADC4" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[178,1427,201,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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J-III) with an elongated pseudoarch loosely joined to the valves of cingulum; aedeagal valves long with smooth ventral borders and an apical spine slightly longer than the width of the base of aedeagal sclerites; aedeagal valves and sclerites together about twice the length of dorsal inflections of endophallic apodemes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CEED176FC88AB3C" blockId="28.[151,1437,258,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CEED176FEFFAC3F" bold="true" box="[199,351,794,819]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colouration.</emphasis>
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Ground colours varying from green to brown. Body uniformly coloured with ground colours (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742CB6D152FF42AC5B" box="[159,226,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,205,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. External morphology of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 2 m (C) and f (D), and morphotype 3 m (E) and f (F); S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype m (G) and paratype f # 23 (H); S. tarascum sp. n. holotype m (I) and paratype f # 2 (J,); S. planum m (K) and f (L); S. macrophallicum paratype m # 230 (M) and f (N); S. minimum m (O) and f (P); S. infernalis sp. n. holotype m (Q) and paratype f # 2 (R); S. rugosum morphotype 1 m (S) and f (T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804202/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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H) or with the following colour traits (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742EB0D152FD7DAC5B" box="[665,733,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,205,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. External morphology of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 2 m (C) and f (D), and morphotype 3 m (E) and f (F); S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype m (G) and paratype f # 23 (H); S. tarascum sp. n. holotype m (I) and paratype f # 2 (J,); S. planum m (K) and f (L); S. macrophallicum paratype m # 230 (M) and f (N); S. minimum m (O) and f (P); S. infernalis sp. n. holotype m (Q) and paratype f # 2 (R); S. rugosum morphotype 1 m (S) and f (T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804202/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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G): antennae generally light brown; fastigium brown to black; lateral postocular bands whitish; dorsomedial line narrow and pinkish in eastern populations or wide and yellowish in western populations; dorsal shades black, grey or brown, frequently covering partially the dorsal portion of the body; lateral black shades generally absent or restricted to head; lateral bands of blotches not evident; ventral bands of pronotum generally absent, instead ventral borders of pronotum lightly-coloured; mesonotum partially or entirely black; lateral blotches of 1st abdominal segment if present white; hind femora uniformly coloured with knees laterally black, dorsally brownish; hind tibia orange.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC1B3B742CEED657FD5EAA0A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CEED657FD5EAA0A" blockId="28.[151,1437,258,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CEED657FEE1AB58" bold="true" box="[199,321,1083,1108]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Externally this species closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742F30D650FC6EAB5F" box="[793,974,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F30D650FC6EAB5F" box="[793,974,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. purpurascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B74282CD650FB26AB58" box="[1029,1158,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B74282CD650FB26AB58" box="[1029,1158,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. variabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742921D650FA3CAB5F" box="[1288,1436,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742921D650FA3CAB5F" box="[1288,1436,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742CBED632FF6EAB7B" box="[151,206,1118,1143]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CBED632FF6EAB7B" bold="true" box="[151,206,1118,1143]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
generally differs from these two species by its more elongated head in both sexes. At the male genitalia level
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742CBED6EFFE8BAB97" box="[151,299,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CBED6EFFE8BAB97" box="[151,299,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742D18D6EEFEC9AB96" box="[305,361,1154,1179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742D18D6EEFEC9AB96" bold="true" box="[305,361,1154,1179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
more closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742E55D6EFFC8FAB97" box="[636,815,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742E55D6EFFC8FAB97" box="[636,815,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. purpurascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742F4FD6EFFC49AB97" box="[870,1001,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarascum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F4FD6EFFC49AB97" box="[870,1001,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. tarascum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742FD9D6EEFB88AB97" box="[1008,1064,1154,1179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742FD9D6EEFB88AB97" bold="true" box="[1008,1064,1154,1179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which also show an apical spine in the aedeagus and lack the sclerotized hollow in the sheath of ectophallus. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742895D6CBFAF3ABB2" box="[1212,1363,1191,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742895D6CBFAF3ABB2" box="[1212,1363,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742974D6CAFA34ABB3" box="[1373,1428,1190,1215]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742974D6CAFA34ABB3" bold="true" box="[1373,1428,1190,1215]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, differs from these latter species by its reduced or undeveloped inflections of supraramus, as well as the unique form of its valves of cingulum notably projected posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC1B3B742CEED77DFBDFAA42" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CEED77DFBDFAA42" blockId="28.[151,1437,258,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CEED77DFEC0AA26" bold="true" box="[199,352,1297,1322]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is apparently restricted to the outer southern slope of the Sierra Madre del
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B74297FD77EFADDAA26" box="[1366,1405,1298,1322]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B742CBED75AFF4EAA42" box="[151,238,1334,1358]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B742CD0D759FEF1AA42" box="[249,337,1333,1358]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC1B3B742CD0D759FEF1AA42" box="[249,337,1333,1358]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, occurring in elevations ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742ED7D759FC0FAA41" box="[766,943,1333,1358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2365" metricValueMax="1.4569999999999999" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1236.5" valueMax="1457.0" valueMin="1016.0">
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC1B3B742ED7D759FC32AA42" box="[766,914,1333,1358]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1016" valueMax="1457">1016 to 1457</date>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742FD0D759FB9CAA41" box="[1017,1084,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,201,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1073]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Sphenarium species. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxa names indicate the number of identified morphotype within the species. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804198/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC1B3B742CEED735FEF9A8F9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CEED735FF15A99C" blockId="28.[151,1437,258,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC1B3B742CEED735FD36AAD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451391" collectingDate="2013-12-11" collectorName="Sanabria-Urban S. & Fontana P. & Marino-Perez R." country="Mexico" elevation="1153" latitude="15.939878" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.42996" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CEED735FE1AAA7E" bold="true" box="[199,442,1369,1394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC1B3B742CEED735FE8FAA7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910:2C5A89E8AC1B3B742CEED735FE8FAA7E" box="[199,303,1369,1394]" country="Mexico" latitude="15.939878" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-96.42996" name="Material" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC1B3B742DE5D735FD94AA7E" box="[460,564,1369,1394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742E6CD736FDF9AA7D" box="[581,601,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742E5BD735FD6AAA7D" box="[626,714,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,205,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. External morphology of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 2 m (C) and f (D), and morphotype 3 m (E) and f (F); S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype m (G) and paratype f # 23 (H); S. tarascum sp. n. holotype m (I) and paratype f # 2 (J,); S. planum m (K) and f (L); S. macrophallicum paratype m # 230 (M) and f (N); S. minimum m (O) and f (P); S. infernalis sp. n. holotype m (Q) and paratype f # 2 (R); S. rugosum morphotype 1 m (S) and f (T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804202/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
G; 10J, K, L) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC1B3B742FFCD735FB8FAA7E" box="[981,1071,1369,1394]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B74286DD735FB3BAA7D" box="[1092,1179,1369,1393]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pluma
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B742920D735FAC3AA7E" box="[1289,1379,1369,1394]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4CB1B9F4AC1B3B742CBED710FEE9AA99" box="[151,329,1404,1429]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="15.939878">15.93987876°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4CB1B9F4AC1B3B742D74D710FDB6AA99" box="[349,534,1404,1429]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="-96.42996">96.42996051°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC1B3B742E0AD710FD16AA99" box="[547,694,1404,1429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.153" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1153.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742E0AD710FDD8AA99" box="[547,632,1404,1429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.153" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1153.0">1153 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4D7F001BAC1B3B742EEDD711FCF0AA99" box="[708,848,1405,1429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2013-12-11">
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC1B3B742EEDD711FCF0AA99" box="[708,848,1405,1429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2013-12-11">XII-11-2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742F48D710FB95AA99" box="[865,1077,1404,1429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sanabria-Urbán S.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B74286AD712FB1AAA99" box="[1091,1210,1406,1429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fontana P.</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B7428C9D710FA3CAA99" box="[1248,1436,1404,1429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mariño-Pérez R.</collectorName>
|
||
#L27); measurements: BS =
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742DF4D7CDFDF2AAB4" box="[477,594,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3739999999999997" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="23.74">23.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FL =
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742EB6D7CDFCA6AAB4" box="[671,774,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.29">1.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PL =
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742F7DD7CCFC1BAAB4" box="[852,955,1440,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.68">4.68 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HF =
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742822D7CDFB20AAB4" box="[1035,1152,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.177" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="11.77">11.77 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC1B3B7428A2D7CDFB58AAB5" box="[1163,1272,1441,1465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC1B3B742916D7CCFA39AAB5" box="[1343,1433,1440,1465]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B742CBED7A9FF50AAD1" box="[151,240,1477,1501]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC1B3B742D2BD7A9FE92AAD0" box="[258,306,1477,1501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="4.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742D2BD7A9FE92AAD0" box="[258,306,1477,1501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="4.0">
|
||
4
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742D37D7A9FE92AAD0" box="[286,306,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742D4CD7A9FECDAAD1" box="[357,365,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">f</emphasis>
|
||
, same data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742E81D7A9FD79AAD0" box="[680,729,1477,1501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742EECD7A9FD79AAD0" box="[709,729,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F25D7A9FCB4AAD1" box="[780,788,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">f</emphasis>
|
||
, Carr. 175 Km. 172,
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC1B3B742800D7A9FB1AAAD1" box="[1065,1210,1477,1501]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2013-12-12">XII-12-2013</date>
|
||
, 16.01864845°N, - 96.5303105°W,
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742D63D784FE3EA90C" box="[330,414,1512,1537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4569999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1457.0">1457 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (Sanabria-Urbán S., Fontana P. & Mariño-Pérez R. #L31);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC1B3B742847D784FCAAA928" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451402" collectingDate="1981-09-01" collectorName="Otte & Azuma & Newlin" country="Mexico" elevation="1" location="Pto. Angel" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC1B3B742847D784FB36A90C" box="[1134,1174,1512,1536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742847D784FB36A90C" box="[1134,1174,1512,1536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B7428ABD785FB36A90C" box="[1154,1174,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B74288AD784FB57A90C" box="[1187,1271,1512,1536]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
road ca.
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742975D784FA3CA90D" box="[1372,1436,1512,1537]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="85.0">85km</quantity>
|
||
N
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC1B3B742C9BD461FE8DA929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910:2C5A89E8AC1B3B742C9BD461FE8DA929" box="[178,301,1548,1573]" country="Mexico" name="Pto. Angel" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Pto. Angel</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4D7F001BAC1B3B742D11D460FE0EA928" box="[312,430,1548,1572]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1981-09-01">
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC1B3B742D11D460FE0EA928" box="[312,430,1548,1572]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1981-09-01">IX-1-1981</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742D97D460FE52A928" box="[446,498,1548,1572]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Otte</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742DD7D460FDEFA928" box="[510,591,1548,1572]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Azuma</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742E5AD460FD65A929" box="[627,709,1548,1573]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Newlin</collectorName>
|
||
# 43)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC1B3B742F3FD460FF15A99C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451393" collectingDate="1981-09-02" collectionCode="IBUNAM, ANSP, TAMUIC" collectorName="N Pto. Escondido & Otte & Azuma & Newlin & The & Appendix Table" country="Mexico" elevation="2" location="Pto. Escondido rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC1B3B742F3FD460FC9FA928" box="[790,831,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742F3FD460FC9FA928" box="[790,831,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F02D461FC9FA928" box="[811,831,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F4BD460FCCAA928" box="[866,874,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">f</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742F51D460FC42A929" box="[888,994,1548,1573]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9428928" metricValueMax="4.02336" metricValueMin="3.8624256" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mi" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24-25 mi</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742FC4D461FB12A929" box="[1005,1202,1548,1573]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
N
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC1B3B742821D461FB12A929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC1B3B762CBED2FBFDA3A910:2C5A89E8AC1B3B742821D461FB12A929" box="[1032,1202,1548,1573]" country="Mexico" name="Pto. Escondido rd." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Pto. Escondido</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
rd. to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC1B3B7428D5D460FAF3A928" box="[1276,1363,1548,1572]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4D7F001BAC1B3B742977D460FF6FA944" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1981-09-02">
|
||
<date id="5D3BF9F3AC1B3B742977D460FF6FA944" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1981-09-02">IX-2- 1981</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742CF7D45CFEB2A944" box="[222,274,1584,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Otte</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742D37D45CFECFA944" box="[286,367,1584,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Azuma</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742DBAD443FE45A944" box="[403,485,1583,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Newlin</collectorName>
|
||
# 45).
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B742E1FD443FDC2A944" box="[566,610,1583,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">The</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC1B3B742E40D443FD6BA944" box="[617,715,1583,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was deposited at
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC1B3B742FBAD45CFBA4A944" box="[915,1028,1584,1608]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wfd-7x2v" name="Instituto de BiIolog<6F>a, Universidad Nacional Aut<75>noma de M<>xico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IBUNAM</collectionCode>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC1B3B74284CD45CFB70A944" box="[1125,1232,1584,1608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC1B3B742CE9D438FEA7A960" box="[192,263,1620,1644]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC1B3B742D3BD438FE24A960" box="[274,388,1620,1644]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wfd-7x2v" name="Instituto de BiIolog<6F>a, Universidad Nacional Aut<75>noma de M<>xico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IBUNAM</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F9447F6AC1B3B742D93D438FD8AA960" box="[442,554,1620,1644]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wntj-faij" name="Texas A&amp;M University Insect Collection" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TAMUIC</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742E1DD43FFCB0A960" box="[564,784,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC1B3B742F36D43FFCE8A967" box="[799,840,1619,1644]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC1B3B742F36D43FFCE8A967" box="[799,840,1619,1644]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
5
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F1DD438FCE8A967" box="[820,840,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F42D438FCD3A960" box="[875,883,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">f</emphasis>
|
||
, from three additional localities (
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC1B3B7428CED43FFA3CA960" box="[1255,1436,1619,1644]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Appendix
|
||
<tableCitation id="6407EA88AC1B3B742977D43FFA3CA960" box="[1374,1436,1619,1644]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="68.[119,196,494,513]" captionText="TABLE 5. Lisŧ of localiŧies reviseđ of eacħ Sphenarium species aŊđ morpħoŧypes (Ŋumbers wiŧħiŊ pareŊŧħesis) iđeŊŧifieđ. Localiŧies iŊcluđeđ our geŊeŧic aŊalysis are đeŊoŧeđ iŊ bolđ. For localiŧy we iŊđicaŧe iŧs localiŧy Ŋumber (LN), đescripŧioŊ, Ŋumber specimeŊs (F, females and M, males) eXamiŊeđ, đeposiŧory of ŧħe eXamiŊeđ maŧerial as iŊđicaŧeđ iŊ ŧħe meŧħođs" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Table</tableCitation>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
5).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1B3B742CEED4F6FEF9A8F9" blockId="28.[151,1437,258,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CEED4F6FE7BA9BF" bold="true" box="[199,475,1690,1715]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
We observed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742EFAD4F7FCD1A9BF" box="[723,881,1691,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742EFAD4F7FCD1A9BF" box="[723,881,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742FA8D4F6FC19A9BF" box="[897,953,1690,1715]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742FA8D4F6FC19A9BF" bold="true" box="[897,953,1690,1715]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is mainly related morphologically and genetically to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742D13D4D3FE51A9DA" box="[314,497,1727,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742D13D4D3FE51A9DA" box="[314,497,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. purpurascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, its unique combination of morphologic traits (both in external and male genitalia structures), as well as its geographic isolation supports its recognition as an independent species within the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742D45D569FDD7A812" box="[364,631,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742D45D569FDD7A812" box="[364,631,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphenarium zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742EADD569FD1BA812" box="[644,699,1797,1822]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742EADD569FD1BA812" bold="true" box="[644,699,1797,1822]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was not included in previous studies on the genus except for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC1B3B742CBED545FE6BA84E" box="[151,459,1833,1858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Pedraza-Lara, C., Barrientos-Lozano, L., Rocha-Sanchez, A. Y. & Zaldivar-Riveron, A. (2015) Montane and coastal species diversification in the economically important Mexican grasshopper genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 84, 220 - 231." type="journal article">
|
||
Pedraza-Lara
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742D1ED547FECCA84E" box="[311,364,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who identified specimens from a locality within the ranges of this new species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742CBED521FEBEA86A" box="[151,286,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742CBED521FEBEA86A" box="[151,286,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphenarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Oax6. Using the
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742E20D522FD9EA86A" box="[521,574,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
sequences of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC1B3B742EF2D521FBA0A86A" box="[731,1024,1869,1894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Pedraza-Lara, C., Barrientos-Lozano, L., Rocha-Sanchez, A. Y. & Zaldivar-Riveron, A. (2015) Montane and coastal species diversification in the economically important Mexican grasshopper genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 84, 220 - 231." type="journal article">
|
||
Pedraza-Lara
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F5ED522FC08A86A" box="[887,936,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the present study, the only locus represented in both studies, we conducted a combined Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, in which all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B7428C7D51DFAD5A886" box="[1262,1397,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B7428C7D51DFAD5A886" box="[1262,1397,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphenarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Oax6 samples strongly clustered (
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742E04D5FAFDEFA8A1" box="[557,591,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PP</emphasis>
|
||
> 0.95) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742F2BD5F9FC3CA8A1" box="[770,924,1941,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F2BD5F9FC3CA8A1" box="[770,924,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B742F80D5F9FC41A8A2" box="[937,993,1941,1966]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F80D5F9FC41A8A2" bold="true" box="[937,993,1941,1966]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
samples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC1B3B742876D5F9FB17A8A1" box="[1119,1207,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[223,1345,196,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[218,1358,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bayesian phylogeny of Sphenarium species based on CO 1 sequences of Pedraza-Lara et al. (2015) and this study. The analysis was conducted using the substitution model estimated previously and under the same conditions above specified for the concatenated phylogenetic analysis in methods section. Terminals of different colours represent the 17 recognized species in this study. Black dots behind the nodes indicate PP values greater than 95 %. Black bottom bars are equal to 0.04 substitutions per site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804206/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Considering their geographical and phylogenetic proximity it is probable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742F1DD5D4FC1BA8DD" box="[820,955,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742F1DD5D4FC1BA8DD" box="[820,955,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sphenarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Oax6 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1B3B742875D5D5FB50A8DD" box="[1116,1264,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B742875D5D5FB50A8DD" box="[1116,1264,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. zapotecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC1B3B7428DFD5D4FA8EA8DD" box="[1270,1326,1976,2001]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1B3B7428DFD5D4FA8EA8DD" bold="true" box="[1270,1326,1976,2001]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
represent the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7DFA8FBBAC1A3B752CBED531FECEA8E2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804206/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[223,1345,196,1853]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC1A3B752CBED531FECEA8E2" blockId="29.[151,1437,1885,2030]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1A3B752CBED531FEBEA87E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1885,1907]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC1A3B752E3BD531FD2CA87F" box="[530,652,1885,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1A3B752E3BD531FD2CA87F" box="[530,652,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphenarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species based on
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1A3B752F69D531FCD0A87F" box="[832,880,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
sequences of Pedraza-Lara
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1A3B7528A3D532FB16A87F" box="[1162,1206,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015) and this study. The analysis was conducted using the substitution model estimated previously and under the same conditions above specified for the concatenated phylogenetic analysis in methods section. Terminals of different colours represent the 17 recognized species in this study. Black dots behind the nodes indicate
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC1A3B752ED0D5D6FCB8A8C3" box="[761,792,1978,1999]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">PP</emphasis>
|
||
values greater than 95%. Black bottom bars are equal to 0.04 substitutions per site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7DFA8FBBAC193B762CBED7F1FE3FAABF" box="[151,415,1437,1459]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804208/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[187,1407,202,1405]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC193B762CBED7F1FE3FAABF" blockId="30.[151,415,1437,1459]" box="[151,415,1437,1459]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC193B762CBED7F1FEBEAABE" bold="true" box="[151,286,1437,1459]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC193B762CEED7B3FDA3A910" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC193B762CEED7B3FDA3A910" blockId="30.[151,1436,1503,1564]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC193B762CEED7B3FEEEAAF4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1503,1528]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named in honour of the Zapotecos, an ancient Native American people still living in the area where this species is distributed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |