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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus janthiniformis Tosevski &amp; Caldara 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668168933079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>939</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>87</mods:start>
<mods:end>165</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C622AE8B331F542E95CF60DDA1B32B96" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName LSID="C622AE8B-331F-542E-95CF-60DDA1B32B96" authority="Tosevski &amp; Caldara, 2011" authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
Mecinus janthiniformis
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
&amp; Caldara, 2011
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
2 L3 larvae, Mecedonia, Prilep, 25.07.2017, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="17.354" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.289234">41°17.354'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="29.983" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.499716">21°29.983'E</geoCoordinate>
, 618 m.) ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria dalmatica subsp. macedonica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dalmatica" subSpecies="macedonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Linaria dalmatica macedonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1 L3 larva, 4 pupae, Bulgaria, Harmanli, 17.08.2008,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="53.117" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.885284">41°53.117'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="52.373" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.872883">25°52.373'E</geoCoordinate>
, 310 m., ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria genistifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Linaria genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
12 L3 larva, Bulgaria, Harmanli, 17.07.2011,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="53.117" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.885284">41°53.117'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="52.373" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.872883">25°52.373'E</geoCoordinate>
, 310 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2 L3 larvae, 1 pupa, Bulgaria, Slatino, 7.08.2011,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="09.981" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.16635">42°09.981'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="02.371" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.039516">23°02.371'E</geoCoordinate>
, 390 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1 pupa, Serbia, Kalna, 1.09.2010.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="29.450" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.490833">43°29.450'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="19.712" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.328533">22°19.712'E</geoCoordinate>
, 278 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3 pupae, Serbia, Bovansko Jezero, Aleksinac, 12.08.2010,
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="37.735" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.628918">43°37.735'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="42.917" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.715282">21°42.917'E</geoCoordinate>
, 231 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; North Macedonia, Veles, 10.09.2009,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="44.332" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.738865">41°44.332'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="46.893" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.78155">21°46.893'E</geoCoordinate>
, 201 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1 pupa, Serbia, Vranje, Golemo Selo, 20.08.2009,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="44.203" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.736717">42°44.203'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="50.696" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.844933">21°50.696'E</geoCoordinate>
, 523 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3 pupae, Bulgaria, Slatino, 7.08.2007,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="09.981" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.16635">42°09.981'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="02.371" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.039516">23°02.371'E</geoCoordinate>
, 390 m., ex
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All collected by I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
. Accession numbers of sequenced specimen MN992006.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23A-F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 1.66-2.90. Body width (abdominal segments I-II): 0.66-1.10. Head width: 0.53-0.67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22A-D</figureCitation>
) yellowish. Prothorax smaller than meso- and metathorax. Abdominal segments I-VII of almost equal length; segments VIII and IX decreasing gradually to the terminal body part; segment X reduced to three anal lobes of those lateral are the largest, and dorsal the smallest (sometimes absent). Dorsum of abdominal segments I-VI divided into three lobes; on seventh into two lobes. Chaetotaxy well developed, setae various in length. Prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22B</figureCitation>
) with eleven long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
; two medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22B</figureCitation>
) with one short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, three
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds1</emphasis>
short,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds2-3</emphasis>
medium), one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Pedal area with six
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
of different length (four of them placed on well isolated pedal sclerite). Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22C, D</figureCitation>
) with one short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, four
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
(on segments I-V:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds1,3</emphasis>
medium,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds2,4</emphasis>
short; on segments VI-VIII all
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
very long, equal in length), always arranged along the posterior margin, one minute and two long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, one short and one medium e
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
and two medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22D</figureCitation>
) with four long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
located close to posterior margin, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
different in length, and two short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Each of anal lobe (abd. segment X) with two minute setae.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- alar,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
- epipleural,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
- eusternal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
- laterosternal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
- pedal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
- postdorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
- pronotal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
- prodorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
- pleural,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
- spiracular,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
- sternal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
- terminal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III- number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419876" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">22A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23A-F</figureCitation>
) dark yellow, narrowed bilaterally.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1-3,5</emphasis>
very long, equal in length,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
twice shorter than other
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
medially.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs1</emphasis>
as long as
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1, fs3</emphasis>
short,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs4,5</emphasis>
long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
equal in length, slightly shorter than
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
; two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
and three
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
very short (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23A</figureCitation>
). Two stemmata of different size. Antennae (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23B</figureCitation>
) with sensorium (Se) conical, twice as long as wide, and four sensilla basiconica (sb). Clypeus (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23C</figureCitation>
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin concave; two medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
clearly visible. Labrum (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23C</figureCitation>
) with sinuate anterior margin;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
medium. Epipharynx (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23D</figureCitation>
) with three relatively long, finger-shaped
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
of almost equal length; two finger-shaped
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
, equal in length; two rod-like
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
of medium length; surface smooth; labral rods short, kidney shaped. Mandibles (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23E</figureCitation>
) conical, wide, with a small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; both
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
capilliform, relatively short, equal in length, placed mediolaterally. Maxilla (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23F</figureCitation>
) with one
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
and two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
of equal length;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
very short; mala with seven long finger-like
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
of almost equal size, five
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
different in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere wider than distal, both of almost equal length. Prelabium (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23F</figureCitation>
) cup-shaped with one very long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with two relatively long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
; premental sclerite clearly visible, cup-like. Labial palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal, both almost equal in length. Postlabium (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Mecinus janthiniformis mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">23F</figureCitation>
) with three medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419877" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, head and mouth parts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
- antenna,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
- clypeal sensorium,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
- anterolateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
- anteromedial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
- clypeal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
- dorsal malar,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
- frontal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
- ligular,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
- labral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral epicranial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
- malar basiventral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
- mandibular,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
- median,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
- maxillary palp,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
- postepicranial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
- ventral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
- palpiferal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
- postlabial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
- prelabial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
- stipal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
- ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.46-0.66. Body width: 1.20-1.66. Body length: 3.22-4.16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
elongated, white. Rostrum slender, about four times as long as wide, reaching almost up to mesocoxae. Antennae slender and elongated. Pronotum 1.3 times as wide as long. Urogomphi (ur) slender and elongated, conical, with sclerotised apex, distinctly reaching outline of the body, directed outside (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
well developed, setae medium long or elongated, unequal length. Head with one long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
different in length, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
different in length and two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
different in length. Rostrum with one
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, and three
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24B, C</figureCitation>
). All setae on prothorax elongated, equal in length (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Mecinus janthiniformis pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">24C</figureCitation>
). Setae on head and rostrum shorter than those on prothorax. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with three setae placed medially. Abdominal segments I-VIII with two setae placed laterally and three medium long setae ventrally. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-VII with six setae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d1-4</emphasis>
placed posteromedially,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d5-6</emphasis>
posterolaterally); segment VIII with five very long setae dorsally. Abdominal segment IX with two micro-setae ventrally.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419878" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- apical,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- discal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
- femoral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
- orbital,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- postantennal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
- posterolateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
- rostral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- superlateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
- superorbital,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
- vertical.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The host plants of
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. janthiniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria genistifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Linaria genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Mill. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. dalmatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. dalmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Mill., as well as all variable forms and hypothetical hybrids between these two plant species.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tosevski &amp; Caldara" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus janthiniformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits stands from lowlands to mountain pastures and meadows up to 1500 m. At the beginning of the 1990s, this species was introduced as a biological control agent for the control of invasive toadflaxes in North America (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Applied Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="16 - 34" refId="B49" refString="Tosevski, I, Sing, SE, De Clerck-Floate, R, McClay, A, Weaver, DK, Schwarzlaender, M, Krstic, O, Jovic, J, Gassmann, A, 2018. Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America. Annals of Applied Biology 173: 16 - 34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430" title="Twenty-five years after: post-introduction association of Mecinus janthinus with invasive host toadflaxes Linaria vulgaris and Linaria dalmatica in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12430" volume="173" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Adults emerge in early spring and feed on the apical part of newly growing shoots. The females lay eggs over the next three months on the upper part of the main stem, including the lateral branches of the plant. Oviposition and larval development induce a slightly elongate gall in which the larvae pupate. The adults of this species overwinter inside the main stem of the host plant or inside induced galls on lateral branches (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="741 - 753" refId="B47" refString="Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Jovic, J, Hernandez-Vera, G, Baviera, C, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2011. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). Systematic Entomology 36: 741 - 753, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" title="Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" volume="36" year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. janthiniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
follows that of the two host plants,
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. genistifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="genistifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. genistifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Mill. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. dalmatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">L. dalmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(eastern part of central and southeastern Europe to southern central Siberia, the northern Caucasian states and Turkey). Its separation from
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. janthinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the species level was clearly shown based on very careful biological and genetic studies (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="741 - 753" refId="B47" refString="Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Jovic, J, Hernandez-Vera, G, Baviera, C, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2011. Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae). Systematic Entomology 36: 741 - 753, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" title="Morphological, molecular and biological evidence reveal two cryptic species in Mecinus janthinus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a successful biological control agent of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (Lamiales, Plantaginaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00593.x" volume="36" year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
), but unfortunately, easy identification is only possible by collecting the specimens together with their host plants. Usually, in
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. janthiniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="janthiniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. janthiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the body is larger (length 3.2-6.0 mm), the apical part of the rostrum in females in lateral view is more curved, the punctures of the pronotum are slightly smaller and more densely adpressed, and the scales of the elytral interstriae are denser, arranged in two rows on part of several interstriae. The larvae of these two species show numerous differences in the number of setae in many parts of the body, whereas the differences are few in the pupae (see keys).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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