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<mods:title id="57FE5A7EA9BDCFA446B240F20457B3F4">Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF924C15FF4037CA3015B7F1" bold="true" box="[151,573,1701,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
5.
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF924C15FF6237CA3015B7F1" ID-CoL="VFG9" authority="Reitter, 1888" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[181,573,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF924C15FF6237CA33BEB7F1" bold="true" box="[181,406,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cionus caucasicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FE4937CA3015B7F1" author="Reitter, E." box="[414,573,1701,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="259 - 274" refId="ref113050" refString="Reitter, E. (1888) Coleopteren aus Circassien gesammelt von Hans Leder im Jahre 1887. VII Theil. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 7, 259 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27374" type="journal article" year="1888">Reitter, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E08C307FF924C15FF4037A63327B7AD" blockId="18.[151,573,1701,1763]" box="[151,271,1736,1763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="D68CDF82FF924C15FF4037A632F4B7AD" box="[151,220,1736,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 56" captionStartId="115.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[187,1405,176,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[177,1411,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURES 56. FIGURE 5. Cionus caucasicus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 6. Cionus ponticus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3294129/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 5</figureCitation>
af.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF924C15FF4036613031B66B" ID-CoL="VFG9" authority="Reitter, 1888: 270" authorityName="Reitter" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,537,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF924C15FF403661337DB66B" box="[151,341,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cionus caucasicus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FE8A36633031B66B" author="Reitter, E." box="[349,537,1804,1829]" page="270" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FE8A36633031B66B" author="Reitter, E." box="[349,537,1804,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="259 - 274" refId="ref113050" refString="Reitter, E. (1888) Coleopteren aus Circassien gesammelt von Hans Leder im Jahre 1887. VII Theil. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 7, 259 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27374" type="journal article" year="1888">Reitter, 1888: 270</bibRefCitation>
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.
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FDF3366330FBB66B" author="Reitter, E." box="[548,723,1804,1829]" page="57" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FDF3366330FBB66B" author="Reitter, E." box="[548,723,1804,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref113095" refString="Reitter, E. (1904) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Coleopteren-Gattung Cionus Clairv. aus Europa und angrenzenden Landern. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 23, 47 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27188" type="journal article" year="1904">Reitter, 1904: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FD0A366331C8B66B" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[733,992,1804,1829]" page="181" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FD0A366331C8B66B" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[733,992,1804,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="166 - 237" refId="ref114355" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1914) Monographie der palaarktischen Arten der Tribus Cionini. Munchen, pp. 166 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1914">Wingelmüller, 1914: 181</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FC3B3662367EB66B" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[1004,1110,1805,1829]" page="104" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FC3B3662367EB66B" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[1004,1110,1805,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="101 - 124" refId="ref114378" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1921) Bestimmungstabelle der palaarktischen Cionini (Curculionidae) nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 9, 101 - 124." type="journal article" year="1921">1921: 104</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FBB6366236E3B66B" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[1121,1227,1804,1829]" page="160" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FBB6366236E3B66B" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[1121,1227,1804,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="143 - 221" refId="ref114406" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1937) Monografie der palaarktischen Arten der Tribus Cionini. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 23, 143 - 221." type="journal article" year="1937">1937: 160</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FB01366337B1B66B" author="Bialooki, P." box="[1238,1433,1804,1829]" page="56" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FB01366337B1B66B" author="Bialooki, P." box="[1238,1433,1804,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref110029" refString="Bialooki, P. (2006) Two new species of Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) from Turkey. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 75, 55 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Białooki, 2006: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FF10364433A4B60A" author="Caldara, R." box="[199,396,1835,1860]" page="123" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FF10364433A4B60A" author="Caldara, R." box="[199,396,1835,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="117" refId="ref110460" refString="Caldara, R. (2013) Curculioninae. In: Lobl, I. &amp; Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 8. Leiden, Brill, pp. 117." type="book chapter" year="2013">Caldara, 2013: 123</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FF924C15FE43364430D9B60A" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. &amp; Barrios, H. &amp; Borovec, R. &amp; Bouchard, P. &amp; Caldara, R. &amp; Colonnelli, E. &amp; Gultekin, L. &amp; Hlavac, P. &amp; Korotyaev, B. &amp; Lyal, C. H. C. &amp; Machado, A. &amp; Meregalli, M. &amp; Pierotti, H. &amp; Ren, L. &amp; Sanchez-Ruiz, M. &amp; Sforzi, A. &amp; Silfverberg, H. &amp; Tryzna, M. &amp; Velazquez de Castro, A. J. &amp; Yunakov, N. N." box="[404,753,1835,1860]" page="185" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FE43364430D9B60A" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. &amp; Barrios, H. &amp; Borovec, R. &amp; Bouchard, P. &amp; Caldara, R. &amp; Colonnelli, E. &amp; Gultekin, L. &amp; Hlavac, P. &amp; Korotyaev, B. &amp; Lyal, C. H. C. &amp; Machado, A. &amp; Meregalli, M. &amp; Pierotti, H. &amp; Ren, L. &amp; Sanchez-Ruiz, M. &amp; Sforzi, A. &amp; Silfverberg, H. &amp; Tryzna, M. &amp; Velazquez de Castro, A. J. &amp; Yunakov, N. N." box="[404,753,1835,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref109524" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Barrios, H., Borovec, R., Bouchard, P., Caldara, R., Colonnelli, E., Gultekin, L., Hlavac, P., Korotyaev, B., Lyal, C. H. C., Machado, A., Meregalli, M., Pierotti, H., Ren, L., Sanchez-Ruiz, M., Sforzi, A., Silfverberg, H., Skuhr- ovec, J., Tryzna, M., Velazquez de Castro, A. J. &amp; Yunakov, N. N. (2017) Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografias electronicas SEA 8. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa S. E. A., Zaragosa, 729 pp." type="book" year="2017">
Alonso-Zarazaga
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF924C15FD9E36423054B60A" box="[585,636,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 185
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E08C307FF924C15FF40361D3015B6C3" blockId="18.[151,1437,1905,2041]" box="[151,573,1905,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFF924C15FF40361D3011B6C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923437" box="[151,569,1905,1933]" country="Georgia" location="Abastumani" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF924C15FF40361D331EB6C2" bold="true" box="[151,310,1905,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FF924C15FF40361D32FAB6C2" box="[151,210,1906,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="4B6895DCFF924C15FEEC361D33EAB6C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C61E7211FF924C13FF4037CA3707B3BD:4B6895DCFF924C15FEEC361D33EAB6C2" box="[315,450,1906,1932]" country="Georgia" name="Abastumani" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abastumani</location>
(
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF924C15FE05361D3019B6C3" box="[466,561,1906,1933]" name="Georgia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Georgia</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF924C14FF1036F9307BB1B5" blockId="18.[151,1437,1905,2041]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF924C15FF1036F9337CB6FE" bold="true" box="[199,340,1941,1968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type series.</emphasis>
We studied the
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FF924C15FDDB36F9305BB6FE" box="[524,627,1942,1968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF924C15FCC836F931FAB6FF" author="Bialooki, P." box="[799,978,1942,1969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref110029" refString="Bialooki, P. (2006) Two new species of Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) from Turkey. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 75, 55 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Białooki (2006)</bibRefCitation>
deposited in coll. Reitter (
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FF924C15FAD636F93775B6FE" box="[1281,1373,1942,1968]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">HNHM</collectionCode>
). It is a female,
<quantity id="894F6EE2FF924C15FEDD36D63358B69B" box="[266,368,1977,2005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
long, with missing right antenna from flagellum, and left posterior onychium, labeled “n.sp. Abastuman. / Abastum leg. Korb. /
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FF924C15FDE536B1308FB6B6" box="[562,679,2014,2040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
1888
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF924C15FD2636B1363EB6B6" authority="Reitter" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[753,1046,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">Cionus caucasicus Reitter</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF924C15FBE636B136EAB6B6" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[1073,1218,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">C.caucasicus</taxonomicName>
m. 1888 [Reitter´s handwriting] / Coll. Reitter /
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF934C14FE0931F63160B1FD" authority="Reitter, 1888" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[478,840,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FE0931F63098B1FD" box="[478,688,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cionus caucasicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF934C14FD6031F63160B1FD" author="Reitter, E." box="[695,840,153,179]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="259 - 274" refId="ref113050" refString="Reitter, E. (1888) Coleopteren aus Circassien gesammelt von Hans Leder im Jahre 1887. VII Theil. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 7, 259 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27374" type="journal article" year="1888">Reitter, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FF934C14FC9831F631C7B1FD" box="[847,1007,153,179]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ design. P.Białooki2005”. Hereby we correct minor, mainly formal inaccuracies in label citations by
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF934C14FC8A31D23627B196" author="Bialooki, P." box="[861,1039,189,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref110029" refString="Bialooki, P. (2006) Two new species of Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) from Turkey. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 75, 55 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Białooki (2006)</bibRefCitation>
like spacing, “Abastumen” instead of “Abastuman”, lower case vs. capital.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF934C14FF10306B33BCB051" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,404,260,287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FF10306B3361B051" bold="true" box="[199,329,260,287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synonyms.</emphasis>
None.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFF934C13FF1030473106B199" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF934C14FF103047361CB665" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FF103047335DB00D" bold="true" box="[199,373,296,323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Redescription.</emphasis>
Male. Body suboval.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FDAA304630EEB00D" bold="true" box="[637,710,297,323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Head:</emphasis>
rostrum moderately stout, medium long (l/
<geoCoordinate id="2B83A5C0FF934C14FB163046372FB00D" box="[1217,1287,296,323]" degrees="5.0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5555" value="-5.0">w 5.0</geoCoordinate>
, Rl/Pl 1.43), black-brown in its entire length; in lateral view moderately unevenly curved, with slight swelling in middle third, apical part moderately tapered to apex; in dorsal view slightly narrower at base, then of same width to apex, from base to antennal insertion in cross-section not constricted, apical part moderately flattened dorsoventrally; basal part and proximal apical part very densely to confluent, markedly longitudinally punctured to ribbed, in most apical part glabrous, with several small punctures; at base with backwardly oriented, recumbent to subrecumbent elongate reddish, whitish and blackish intermixed scales being more sparse towards antennal insertion, apically with suberect, forwardly oriented hair-like scales. Head between eyes narrow, about 0.3 rostrum width at base. Eyes large, slightly rounded to flat, not protruding from head outline. Antennae reddish-brown, with darkened club, inserted at 0.7 of rostrum length; funicle of 0.8 scape length, segment 1 slightly wider than segment 2, of 0.9 its length, segment 1 approximately, segment 2 more than twice as long as wide, segments 25 subglobose; club spindle-shaped, twice as long as wide, of approximately 0.8 funicle length, completely covered with recumbent, densely arranged brownish tiny hairs and sparsely distributed, erect, light brown sensilla.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FC8533B631FCB3BD" bold="true" box="[850,980,729,755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pronotum:</emphasis>
black, markedly wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.64), very densely evenly punctured, punctures round, of equal size; covered with unevenly distributed, recumbent whitish, reddish and black intermixed elongate (l/w 34) scales, more densely arranged in one medial and two lateral longitudinal, very indistinct striae being mostly apparent as white patches only on pronotum anterior margin; widest at base, with unevenly rounded convergent sides and shallow constriction before anterior margin, in lateral view in basal half flat on disc, then slowly falling to anterior margin.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FC7632E23611B2E9" bold="true" box="[929,1081,909,935]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Prosternum:</emphasis>
anterior margin with very shallow emargination, bounded by two tiny protuberances, not reaching coxae.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FC3C32DF3644B285" bold="true" box="[1003,1132,944,971]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Scutellum:</emphasis>
triangular, relatively sharp at apex, covered with recumbent, backwardly oriented, whitish, reddish and black scales.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FB4032BA36C4B2A1" bold="true" box="[1175,1260,981,1007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Elytra:</emphasis>
dark brown, in basal half very slightly rounded to subparallel, in apical half broadly evenly rounded, moderately elongate (El/Ew 1.36), widest at 1/3 of their length, at base strikingly wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.92), humeri bluntly rectangular, considerably prominent, with posthumeral impression; moderately convex on disc; interstria 1 beyond 1/4 of medial length moderately, before apex indistinctly broadened, interstria 2 beyond 1/4 of medial length moderately narrowed and slightly constricted laterally encompassing larger dorsal elongate, and small preapical subquadrate black tomentous maculae, dorsal macula at posterior margin with large, preapical macula at anterior margin with small elongate patches formed by densely arranged overlapping whitish-yellow scales, interstriae except perimacular areas of same width, slightly convex; odd interstriae with unevenly distributed, alternating elongate black and yellowish-white subquadrate patches of scales giving them more convex appearance; striae shallow, formed by indistinct, unevenly densely arranged rows of punctures; entire surface covered with recumbent whitish, yellowish and black elongate (l/w 46), sparsely arranged scales leaving integument partially visible.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FB72340E36D6B435" bold="true" box="[1189,1278,1377,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venter:</emphasis>
sparsely covered with whitish, short elongate scales, and broader yellowish scales at margins of ventrites 3 and 5 clustered into small light patches; mesosternal process short, emarginate at apex; metasternum slightly concave, with transversally elongate, densely arranged punctures and thin ribs; ventrite 1 with impression, ventrite 2 flat, densely transversally punctured and covered with backwardly oriented, long light hairs; ventrite 1 1.5 × as long as ventrite 2, ventrites 12 combined 3.4 × as long as ventrites 34 combined, ventrites 34 combined of 0.9 length of ventrite 5.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FA8C377A37B4B761" bold="true" box="[1371,1436,1557,1583]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Legs:</emphasis>
femora blackish-brown, tibiae and tarsi brown; profemora with indistinct teeth emphasized by erect scales, meso- and metafemora with small blunt teeth bearing comb of whitish scales; femora and tibiae relatively densely covered with recumbent to subrecumbent, whitish, reddish and black elongate scales, clustered into indistinct transverse bands, tarsi with subrecumbent whitish hair-like scales, onychia with sparse recumbent whitish thin hairs; onychia of anterior legs of normal length, of 0.7 length of tarsomeres 13 combined; lateral protarsal claws sharp and thin, distinctly divided from medial ones, at most by 1/4 shorter than medial ones, medial claws of meso- and metatarsi as lateral claws of protarsi.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FE1C367F303CB665" bold="true" box="[459,532,1808,1835]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Penis:</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="D68CDF82FF934C14FDCC367E3048B665" box="[539,608,1808,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 56" captionStartId="115.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[187,1405,176,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[177,1411,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURES 56. FIGURE 5. Cionus caucasicus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 6. Cionus ponticus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3294129/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5</figureCitation>
df, apex of its body moderately tapered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF934C14FF10365A33D3B6D9" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Female. Rostrum markedly longer (Rl/Pl 2.0) and thinner, its apical part visibly narrowed in mid-length, antennal insertion shortly beyond mid-length of rostrum. Ventrites 1 and 2 without impression. Onychia of anterior legs as in males, claws equally long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF934C13FF1036CE3106B199" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,153,755]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FF1036CE3315B6F5" box="[199,317,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Variability</emphasis>
. Length
<specimenCount id="58B1088EFF934C14FE7136CE33F8B6F5" box="[422,464,1953,1979]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
<quantity id="894F6EE2FF934C14FE0E36CF30A8B6F5" box="[473,640,1952,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="2.71" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="3.03" valueMax="3.35" valueMin="2.71">2.713.35 mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="58B1088EFF934C14FD5936CE3090B6F5" box="[654,696,1953,1979]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="894F6EE2FF934C14FD1636CE3142B6F5" box="[705,874,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.24" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="3.24" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="3.08">3.083.40 mm</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF934C14FCA136CE3662B6F5" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[886,1098,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF934C14FCA136CE3662B6F5" box="[886,1098,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cionus caucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a moderate variability in its vestiture: the shape of the dorsal macula may be more or less elongate, white patches between dorsal and preapical macula may sometimes be confluent. The color of legs varies from dark brown to light reddish, in some specimens the apical ends of the onychia may be darkened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFF944C13FF10318F3603B0C5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF944C13FF10318F3001B00D" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FF10318F336AB1B5" bold="true" box="[199,322,224,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is characterised by partially visible elytral integument, small body size, not elongate male onychia, long, marked, sometimes confluent light patches at posterior margin of dorsal, and anterior margin of preapical maculae, and penis shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF944C13FF1030233603B0C5" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FF1030233399B029" bold="true" box="[199,433,332,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comparative notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF944C13FE6E302230A3B029" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[441,651,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FE6E302230A3B029" box="[441,651,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cionus caucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the most closely related, newly described
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF944C13FB2E30223751B029" authorityName="Bialooki" authorityYear="2006" box="[1273,1401,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponticus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FB2E30223751B029" box="[1273,1401,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. ponticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by thinner rostrum in both sexes and more sharply tapered apex of the body of penis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFF944C13FF1030FB3116B0B9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF944C13FF1030FB3116B0B9" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FF1030FB33A1B0E1" bold="true" box="[199,393,404,431]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Biological notes.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FF944C13FDF230FA313AB0E1" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[549,786,405,431]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="143 - 221" refId="ref114406" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1937) Monografie der palaarktischen Arten der Tribus Cionini. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 23, 143 - 221." type="journal article" year="1937">Wingelmüller (1937)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF944C13FCCA30FA3190B0E1" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[797,952,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FCCA30FA3190B0E1" box="[797,952,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. caucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives on
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FF944C13FBCC30FA37B4B0E1" authority="Hoppe. This" authorityName="Hoppe." box="[1051,1436,405,431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scopolii">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FBCC30FA3725B0E1" box="[1051,1293,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scrophularia scopolii</emphasis>
Hoppe. This
</taxonomicName>
plant has been confirmed as a host by the first author in
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FD2C30D63163B09D" box="[763,843,441,467]" name="Turkey" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(Abant Lake) and in
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FBE330D636A6B09D" box="[1076,1166,441,467]" name="Georgia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Georgia</collectingCountry>
(Tana valley near Gori). We have records from elevations from
<quantity id="894F6EE2FF944C13FD9C30B230DDB0B9" box="[587,757,477,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="800.0">800 to 2,000 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFF944C13FF10336F31D4B355" box="[199,1020,512,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF944C13FF10336F31D4B355" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,755]" box="[199,1020,512,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FF10336F3349B355" bold="true" box="[199,353,512,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FEB0336E3390B355" box="[359,440,513,539]" name="Turkey" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FE14336E3008B355" box="[451,544,513,539]" name="Georgia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FDFD336E30A7B355" box="[554,655,513,539]" name="Armenia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Armenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FD4D336E3159B355" box="[666,881,513,539]" name="Russia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Russian Federation</collectingCountry>
(Caucasus).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFF944C13FF10334A3707B3BD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E08C307FF944C13FF10334A3707B3BD" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FF10334A3011B371" bold="true" box="[199,569,548,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Non-type specimens examined.</emphasis>
We examined more than
<specimenCount id="58B1088EFF944C13FC8D334A3629B371" box="[858,1025,549,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic">220 specimens</specimenCount>
from all the above mentioned countries and regions.
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FE8D332733C4B32D" bold="true" box="[346,492,584,611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FE8D332733CFB32D" box="[346,487,584,611]" name="Armenia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ARMENIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="8C730DE5FF944C13FE25332630ACB32D" box="[498,644,585,611]" country="Armenia" name="Geghark'unik'" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gegharkunik</collectingRegion>
env. (
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),
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env. (
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)
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,
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(
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)
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,
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<location id="4B6895DCFF944C13FB643326373FB32D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C61E7211FF924C13FF4037CA3707B3BD:4B6895DCFF944C13FB643326373FB32D" box="[1203,1303,585,611]" name="Norakert" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Norakert</location>
env. (
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FF944C13FA80332637B8B32D" box="[1367,1424,585,611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">WM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFF944C13FF40330233A1B3C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923428" box="[151,393,621,647]" collectionCode="BO" elevation="2000" location="Shoger" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
<location id="4B6895DCFF944C13FF40330232C0B3C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C61E7211FF924C13FF4037CA3707B3BD:4B6895DCFF944C13FF40330232C0B3C9" box="[151,232,621,647]" name="Shoger" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Shoger</location>
,
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<elevation id="C59A2434FF944C13FF253302336EB3C9" box="[242,326,621,647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FF944C13FE82330233A9B3C9" box="[341,385,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BO</collectionCode>
)
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;
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFF944C13FE43330330C4B3C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923637" box="[404,748,620,647]" collectionCode="KO" country="Georgia" location="Abastuman" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FF944C13FE433303300CB3C9" bold="true" box="[404,548,620,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="36A08397FF944C13FE4333033008B3C9" box="[404,544,620,647]" name="Georgia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="4B6895DCFF944C13FDFE33023081B3C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C61E7211FF924C13FF4037CA3707B3BD:4B6895DCFF944C13FDFE33023081B3C9" box="[553,681,621,647]" country="Georgia" name="Abastuman" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Abastuman</location>
(
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FF944C13FD60330230CCB3C9" box="[695,740,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">KO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFF944C13FD223302360DB3C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923599" box="[757,1061,621,647]" collectionCode="ME" country="Georgia" location="Avadchara" municipality="Abchasia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="AE6C597DFF944C13FD2233023148B3C9" box="[757,864,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Abchasia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="4B6895DCFF944C13FCBE330231C8B3C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C61E7211FF924C13FF4037CA3707B3BD:4B6895DCFF944C13FCBE330231C8B3C9" box="[873,992,621,647]" country="Georgia" municipality="Abchasia" name="Avadchara" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Avadchara</location>
(
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FF944C13FC3933023635B3C9" box="[1006,1053,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ME</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFF944C13FBF833023730B3C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923431" box="[1071,1304,621,647]" collectionCode="HNHM" country="Georgia" location="Kopschara" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
<location id="4B6895DCFF944C13FBF83302368FB3C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C61E7211FF924C13FF4037CA3707B3BD:4B6895DCFF944C13FBF83302368FB3C9" box="[1071,1191,621,647]" country="Georgia" name="Kopschara" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kopschara</location>
(
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FF944C13FB6233023738B3C9" box="[1205,1296,621,647]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFF944C13FAF5330232FCB3E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923400" collectionCode="KO" country="Georgia" location="Tana River" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
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