301 lines
32 KiB
XML
301 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5BC9EA3E4DF79D81AF9472D8B9F323EA">A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63F975DAE89058F6F951F62B212D4A68">Wu, Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="ACA2357013C5A2187BEED9E2BFE5836D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="CBEB13213C51EE5FAC68D13E28B57185" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="56764660E42C3CEDEA913FBC88B50182" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156108968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56764660E42C3CEDEA913FBC88B50182" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56764660E42C3CEDEA913FBC88B50182" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<subSubSection id="38437224007CF5CBABC141F9C8918897" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="41FC3868469B3E8A222FA14B1BBFCA9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="E1B3C0C83E99A00DD5570DBC006D2A78" ID-CoL="7TDBC" authority="Martens, 1875" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta (Martens, 1875)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43292CBDC05273C17BB7E7D281F38E23" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8A0F927978BFAA9F15B82738717AC72F" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="0C4D3765D0E1604EEF5672EC87BB4667" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Helix triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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Martens, 1875a: 2;
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<bibRefCitation id="3E1B449DA371A2D991CD214C1026E7F0" author="Martens, E" journalOrPublisher="Malakozoologische Blaetter" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="185 - 188" title="Binnen-Mollusken aus dem mittlern China." volume="22" year="1875 b">Martens 1875b</bibRefCitation>
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: 185-186;
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<bibRefCitation id="0EB82D4C562185F3DB4D8481F01895D9" author="Heude, PM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'Empire chinois" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 84" title="Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu." volume="1" year="1882">Heude 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 35-36, pl. 15, figs 7, 7a, 7b;
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<bibRefCitation id="308C77D9E82B8B7CD4E39AF8E36F80FB" author="Gredler, PV" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuecher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="129 - 161" title="Zur Conchylien-Fauna von China. V. Stueck." volume="11" year="1884">Gredler 1884</bibRefCitation>
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: 137;
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<bibRefCitation id="A5E0BC0B9EE83072F579C02E0AA28BA0" author="Moellendorff, OF" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuecher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="307 - 390" title="Materialien zur Fauna von China." volume="11" year="1884">
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<normalizedToken id="1E27EA003D2CCE672B7A167D24E9915F" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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1884
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 388.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B1A57B17460681388792FD075E95E80F" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="75B17E17D8A0B8598A5D0272B7A9B399" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix (Traumatophora) triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta" subGenus="Traumatophora">Helix (Traumatophora) triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="67A21F75BF300F095842DDF7CAC5A543" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Pilsbry 1890</bibRefCitation>
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: 6, 8, pl. 1, figs 1-8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="29B1EB0572A706D279B0D5167D0289DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="AA03FDBB372D3BAEB7F777FFC6A10865" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera (Traumatophora) triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta" subGenus="Traumatophora">Stegodera (Traumatophora) triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="5794D4CACBD335BEF0ADA6E4806A2125" author="Schmacker, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="169 - 174" title="Description of some Chinese land-shells." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" volume="1" year="1894">Schmacker and Boettger 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 173.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9108B15A2D5FF937D05BD3AE7BACC22" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="80950AF7AB550FD6CF1590541C244F10" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="DE5CA4B8B29D1B41CAAAAD573A08917F" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 126, pl. 13, fig. 7;
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<bibRefCitation id="3BAC1B8A2ECA582F63E1FA167AFA457A" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="170 - 288" title="A Review of Chinese Gastropods in the British Museum." volume="24" year="1942">Yen 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 271-272;
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<bibRefCitation id="793A78D728FD277DE6C2596A2CCA53D1" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="267 - 346" title="Review and summary of Tertiary and Quaternary non-marine mollusks of China." volume="95" year="1943">Yen 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 297;
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<bibRefCitation id="21863AC927F057311F44884B2F101EE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Schileyko 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1512, fig. 1949.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DFDC2CBDEDE3D5ADF48ACE8A64F1563F" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="72664613E29485C947BC33C3C6FF20DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E1C1779194985AF8D520F4BF1C3CED1" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="859A6FC64413217881BBBC2CA1E46B30" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Helix triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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von Martens, 1875, syntypes, ZMB/Moll-109875; Poyang-Yu (Lake Poyang), Kiangsi Province, China; 3 dried shells (major diameter of three shells: 31.0 mm, 30.5 mm, 26.3 mm. Measurement made by Christine Zorn); leg. von Martens. Tianmushan, Zhejiang Province, China; 1 fully matured empty shell (HBUMM06875 specimen-1) and 1 full matured animal (HBUMM06875 specimen-2, body whorl was partially removed to take out whole soft parts), May, 2016; coll. Zhou, Dakang (Beijing Botanical Garden). A piece of foot of HBUMM06875 specimen-2 was cut off and preserved in 99.7% alcohol at -20 °C.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0E4AF6BF468C3A96C088A88D64307CC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph id="255B7C3252284824F0DFE2F514591155" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Figure 1. Known occurrence records of
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<taxonomicName id="89C69C569034D05C2424CF5EED8D5271" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Traumatophora</taxonomicName>
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spp. Blue dots:
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<taxonomicName id="CD3DE3BD5D78BCDA06DE1FCF4D1CD282" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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(Martens, 1875), fossil locality with sword mark; red dot:
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<taxonomicName id="E8EB549C5B2398C40FF7424640C08313" lsidName="T. fraterminor" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="fraterminor">T. fraterminor</taxonomicName>
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(Gredler, 1884).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5F48ED3278273B97945CD761AAA1164B" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2C36498009EB8D70990BCA5C6637F7EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A69E26CC36651CCB4748F5D5CB8AC770" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Shell (Figs 2, 3). Clearly depressed; thick and solid; dextral. Whorls convex. Suture impressed. Umbilicus approximately one fifth of shell major diameter. Bottom-umbilicus transition changed gently. Columella oblique. Columellar lip only slightly covering umbilicus. Protoconch smooth. On teleconch spiral furrows absent. Aperture strongly oblique; not sinuate at peristome. Body whorl descending abruptly in front. Shell surface without ribs. Growth lines fine and broken into granules which are distributed evenly on whorls except on protoconch (Fig. 2B); not accompanied by irregular thickenings. Shell not perforated. Adult shell not hairy or scaly. Adult body whorl rounded at periphery; with bottom convex. Ring-like thickening within aperture absent. Aperture with three baso-palatal lamellar teeth (Figs 2C, 3
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<normalizedToken id="B4AFC74DF8DD7B5CC932293802AB051D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Palatal tooth near columella shortest, approximately half length of other two teeth. Outer surface of body whorl with longitudinal depressions corresponding to teeth (Figs 2A, D, 3
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<normalizedToken id="5C5FFE956808ED54F2A475FCD8694B89" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Peristome thin; white; narrowly and uniformly reflexed. Callus indistinct. Shell dull to somewhat glossy; uniformly in reddish brown; bandless. Measurements (HBUMM06875, n = 2): shell height 17.8-18.2 mm, shell breadth 35.4-37.2 mm, aperture height 10.4-11.0 mm, aperture width 16.6-17.5 mm, embryonic shell whorls 1.250-1.500, whorls 5.000-5.125, shell height/ breadth ratio 0.20-0.22.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A880809318837DAFC7849C51EE4D1B75" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph id="710DA190243737C451268EE1411C1F1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName id="7A8B92D3E134DFAD973AAC5B42365BBA" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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(Martens, 1875). A HBUMM08236-specimen 1, shell B magnified shell surface, magnified showing growth lines breaking into granules C palatal part of body whorl, showing lamellar teeth D shell
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<normalizedToken id="1DFD9804AC1CD428B07791B4F2813838" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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HBUMM06875 specimen-2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="1181B5E9130256D8D6DF2602BCA55763" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph id="A6175BAD5981B897545361B3EA16757B" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="06C87F4E0A4EBD1DCFC669FC4C9DBE73" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Helix triscalpta</taxonomicName>
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von Martens, 1875
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<normalizedToken id="A2627E51870FAFFD024D67BC0377B14F" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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syntypes, ZMB/Moll-109875; China, Province Kiangsi: Poyang-Yu (Lake Poyang); 3 dried shells; leg.: von Martens. The largest shell has a major diameter 31.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="B66637ABF41545D0488740A3FD75817D" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">General anatomy. Eversible head wart between ommatophore insertions absent. Tentacles and dorsum leaden-black. Sole and the remaining lower lateral side creamy white. Jaw arcuate; with 12 more or less projecting ribs (Fig. 4C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="83D3D578560BA20551314AD2172A4964" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Genitalia (Figs 4-6). A sheet of membrane (in Fig. 4A, the remnant membrane after dissection is arrowed), growing on oviducts and tightly connected with vas deferens, wrapping dart apparatus completely. Penis sheath very short; only restrictedly present near insertion on dart sac. Penis very short; moderately thick; externally simple. Penial retractor muscle inserting on penis-epiphallus transition. Epiphallus as thick as the most swollen part of penis; approximately two times longer than penis. Flagellum approximately three times longer than penis; tapering. Epiphallic papilla absent. Penis internally with four pilasters. Penial pilasters uniformly-spaced; thickest at two thirds of their entire length distally (Fig. 5B). Dart sac tiny (Fig. 5D). Dart in dart sac not observed (maybe lost or regenerating) in HBUMM06875 specimen-2. Accessory sac developed; large in size; interiorly with pilasters; transversally with developed sphincter muscles (Figs 5E, 6A, B). Mucous glands nine; extending distally to more than half of bursa copulatrix duct (longest in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="E004660EDDBAEE6925FE740187146619" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Bradybaeninae">Bradybaeninae</taxonomicName>
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); each thicker than penis; in volume larger than rest of genitalia (Fig. 4A); connected to each other by nerve fibres (Fig. 5C). Each mucous gland duct entering accessory sac through a separate pore; through papilla or not (Figs 5E, 6A, B). Vagina approximately as long as accessory sac; entering dart sac chamber. A ball-shaped proximal accessory sac (Figs 4A, 5A, D, E, 6A), about 1.5 mm in diameter, with opening leading to dart sac chamber near entrance of vagina. Gonad glands palm-shaped; with short peduncles (Fig. 4B). Measurement in HBUMM06875 specimen-2:
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<normalizedToken id="946C2EAC3F35A3E40A3B14B73FC6F17D" originalValue="DS–">DS-</normalizedToken>
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2.1 mm long;
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<normalizedToken id="39746AA3D3F303714F5F2881A4AF689A" originalValue="AS–">AS-</normalizedToken>
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4.1 mm long;
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<normalizedToken id="15848AEE1EA84CB8F89335ECD2A5D965" originalValue="MG–">MG-</normalizedToken>
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30.9 mm (average of 5 mucous glands);
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<normalizedToken id="F7FB64E4F59690E3B3C37B44AE197B61" originalValue="P–">P-</normalizedToken>
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6.9 mm;
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<normalizedToken id="209B85761378BF72C433BE0E8059C6E8" originalValue="Ep–">Ep-</normalizedToken>
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10.3 mm;
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<normalizedToken id="BE4DF77521AF61464D19DE7378A56D75" originalValue="Fl–">Fl-</normalizedToken>
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19.1;
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<normalizedToken id="EDCE6659DC887477B49753ACE7F1473C" originalValue="VD–">VD-</normalizedToken>
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22.0 mm;
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<normalizedToken id="F93BC69222B221E7001FDA6D28470F04" originalValue="PR–">PR-</normalizedToken>
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3.2 mm;
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<normalizedToken id="D988EC5500CE45A14B39DE6160CA053D" originalValue="Va–">Va-</normalizedToken>
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3.2 mm;
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<normalizedToken id="3AD4B9F80A2A02F4B9A667989764D36B" originalValue="FO–">FO-</normalizedToken>
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4.9 mm; BC plus
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<normalizedToken id="84A6CEC48F9ADD5985F4950BC11148BF" originalValue="BCD–">BCD-</normalizedToken>
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37.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6C9BE12DC32F1BC7E6ABC275F6779B9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph id="ACE5C930085502EF14B176A93148C266" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="1F83921984401123BA15ACA8ACB0AE66" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Martens, 1875). HBUMM06875 specimen-2. A, B genitalia A general view, the remnant membrane after dissection is arrowed B magnified hermaphroditic gland C jaw.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A70ADF5A857B0F140D6CED13C1D2C908" originalValue="AS–accessory">AS-accessory</normalizedToken>
|
||
sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AD97208D29D316A4FA680CF68D4486DD" originalValue="At–atrium">At-atrium</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59526DCFBB9FB3F0EE098068D8D8E20D" originalValue="BC–bursa">BC-bursa</normalizedToken>
|
||
copulatrix;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="427D1416D43BCE384A58CA1710B38354" originalValue="BCD–bursa">BCD-bursa</normalizedToken>
|
||
copulatrix duct;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="43466A4933F1FBCCFDC6E63C80310E51" originalValue="DS–dart">DS-dart</normalizedToken>
|
||
sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C54A03612B1A4897110D032DF0682C8" originalValue="Ep–epiphallus">Ep-epiphallus</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="04486D0345E5F816F888D406B40FA620" originalValue="Fl–flagellum">Fl-flagellum</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="530E8629CC7230E469C3B5193EBB0E24" originalValue="FO–free">FO-free</normalizedToken>
|
||
oviduct;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A2407F291D3DCF8B6ACF2BCD81EA610" originalValue="MG–mucous">MG-mucous</normalizedToken>
|
||
glands;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5AB8387D795F2575AEF2B3D4FCA8C6DF" originalValue="P–penis">P-penis</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CAB14E3E02B24DEB48EB22856F813BD4" originalValue="PAS–proximal">PAS-proximal</normalizedToken>
|
||
accessory sac, a blind sac on proximal dart sac opening into dart sac chamber or not;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="999C230B1839E46612C940D82881CC57" originalValue="PR–penial">PR-penial</normalizedToken>
|
||
retractor muscle;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A676FCAAD8DF5B49AD3E7F70FDDA2409" originalValue="Va–vagina">Va-vagina</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C763D3E26DE605E670839F383A563221" originalValue="VD–vas">VD-vas</normalizedToken>
|
||
deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9A9DC25855C5F86D2B2066E51C9C6BB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<paragraph id="C56D4996CE15A85E2A962703D1EDFFB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BC54999C0F60CEA772C0BB56649B7BD" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Martens, 1875). Genitalia, HBUMM06875 specimen-2. A male part, vas deferens insertion arrowed B exposed penis C mucous glands, showing nerve fibres (arrowed) connecting mucous gland ducts D dart apparatus, peculiarly showing the dart sac and the ball-shaped caecum E exposed accessory sac, showing mucous gland entering papilla Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8446C3103DDBB0DD9CBCA7209148590D" originalValue="AS–accessory">AS-accessory</normalizedToken>
|
||
sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E53785400DB44F41B6CDF6D621170758" originalValue="At–atrium">At-atrium</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15E82ECBE10F7579F280BF83756D92CF" originalValue="DS–dart">DS-dart</normalizedToken>
|
||
sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DEE3887CAA999AF0CB276B96BA146EF1" originalValue="Ep–epiphallus">Ep-epiphallus</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35B6B62F1D905B822B88BE818F69179F" originalValue="Fl–flagellum">Fl-flagellum</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64F811FF317731ADC646B5903181490E" originalValue="MG–mucous">MG-mucous</normalizedToken>
|
||
glands;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D3F64F428DD62887F9972AFE2E55E04" originalValue="MGP–">MGP-</normalizedToken>
|
||
papilla distally leading to mucous glands on inner wall of accessory sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7FEDE6332C5B14810977BA42CBFAED4F" originalValue="P–penis">P-penis</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34EBA9B1CAA4C9D7131ECCFEC00CFF8C" originalValue="PAS–proximal">PAS-proximal</normalizedToken>
|
||
accessory sac, a blind sac on proximal dart sac opening into dart sac chamber or not;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C426774EEC4B7DCACFEA6C298FE7624" originalValue="PR–penial">PR-penial</normalizedToken>
|
||
retractor muscle;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC9BC4471D81B403C20EEB751A967C9D" originalValue="Va–vagina">Va-vagina</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CFA285040ADFAFA1C77D0AEE8E781D1E" originalValue="VD–vas">VD-vas</normalizedToken>
|
||
deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="897F6C28B00DFB553E82AB517657B9B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<paragraph id="F0B713E1BFC3BF99F7FE98C524790BBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B756D755CE49334BA9BDA70D6BD52614" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Martens, 1875). Terminal genitalia, HBUMM06875 specimen-2. A exposed terminal genitalia. Blue arrow, indicating penis entrance; red arrow, indicating PAS opening leading to dart sac chamber B exposed accessory.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D4C5555D8C5FB8203CD64D989C05148" originalValue="AS–accessory">AS-accessory</normalizedToken>
|
||
sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17040AFE8FCDCC3A0E5075A28D3F2843" originalValue="At–atrium">At-atrium</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3B88EABA331B839680B55667159DB1C" originalValue="DS–dart">DS-dart</normalizedToken>
|
||
sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4DCDD34390E328AC4EF611E6CE95E85F" originalValue="MG–mucous">MG-mucous</normalizedToken>
|
||
glands;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3F884BBEEC0F6122CA9AC7ED3BB8FF7" originalValue="MGP–papilla">MGP-papilla</normalizedToken>
|
||
distally leading to mucous glands on inner wall of accessory sac;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DF4577175EFA9A7416BC5233AAD4855" originalValue="P–penis">P-penis</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A628210BDD611C876C9C3B5E4CD105D7" originalValue="PAS–proximal">PAS-proximal</normalizedToken>
|
||
accessory sac, a blind sac on proximal dart sac opening into dart sac chamber or not;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="292323D494756D9933904E53282B6D74" originalValue="Va–vagina">Va-vagina</normalizedToken>
|
||
; *-sphincter muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D941DA15710B7044EE04F07A5BCCAA41" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="255C08C61A996ED3ED55C8FCCC0A8D5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4DC83195BB9472994EB9BFB602BAEA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Extant distribution: Jiangxi (type locality: around Boyanghu; Lushan), Hubei (Ou-tang =Wudangshan Mts., Tong-san in Sei-zo), Fujian (Foochow= Fuzhou.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31B56A8FF54A04E2CC702DA90421E975" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="170 - 288" title="A Review of Chinese Gastropods in the British Museum." volume="24" year="1942">Yen 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Zhejiang (Tianmushan Mts. This study). Pleistocene: Jiangsu (Chenkiang: Chiao-shan =Zhengjiang: Jiaoshan) (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B05354FEF14FC6625F307036CE1699" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="73C873E09655CDB1354114B6BB35AE4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="727037131E890B3E4B38879F3A5385BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Perhaps this species is among the rarest bradybaenine species in China, although the extant distribution range is large and covers Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian and Zhejiang.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98B8D9DF608E243338FF69D0469800B0" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triscalpta">Traumatophora triscalpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
was known from higher altitudes of 1200-1500 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A40E54C43CC1B6340A15A3E3B3F16B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Pilsbry 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2C2157BE84729535C697B8A85AEA97EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="taxonomic remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9D68B34C580DDA16E32EAC9DC1EEE8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9324A7AFCA73D6CB20373A40CDB266E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
In this study, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43A8B85F1D2E54FD6EED5DA67ED8A144" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Traumatophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from Zhejiang are identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F5792992795E34ED047CE5516537837" lsidName="T. triscalpta" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="triscalpta">T. triscalpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the original description and comparison of the type material (Fig. 3). I follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6064346A77E2EA3DB3D60C0C41F2C252" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="267 - 346" title="Review and summary of Tertiary and Quaternary non-marine mollusks of China." volume="95" year="1943">Yen (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in treating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63CE7B0FE99CAAFBFE6A18F694870046" lsidName="T. triscalpta" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="triscalpta">T. triscalpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FEF33D70660B440FA1E1E1850F11A6D" lsidName="T. fraterminor" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="fraterminor">T. fraterminor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5086A11EC62D87FFCBD18D3D113EE15E" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix triscalpta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="triscalpta" subspecies="fraterminor">Helix triscalpta fraterminor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1884: 137.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF875EB79B0A1E009134FBDAE427403" lsidName="T. triscalpta" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="subspecies" species="triscalpta" subspecies="fraterminor">T. triscalpta fraterminor</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCCA7482808B5F4B268A8A2E7D5D37D9" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 126, pl. 13, fig. 8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="67227E63B68BBAC367CAE0CAD9B65EF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Zilch 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FFABD3FA9993902B185083720094FC5" lsidName="T. fraterminor" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="fraterminor">T. fraterminor</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D32A742399C14279E06AFE3961D66F0" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="267 - 346" title="Review and summary of Tertiary and Quaternary non-marine mollusks of China." volume="95" year="1943">Yen 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 297) as two distinct species, although the only known difference between them is that the latter species is "smaller in diameter and higher in altitude, obtusely angulated at periphery" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36B063039C7F5B494EE048601D06A0B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Pilsbry 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, considering the frequency of convergence events in the evolution of shell morphology in the helicoids, it is reasonable to treat these two taxa that show detectable differences in shell morphology as two species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B262FBF7A7722D158A1BFFEA69D94812" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora fraterminor" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraterminor">Traumatophora fraterminor</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed between Hwang-tchou (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FACFF645DE904723A682EF416A192BB0" originalValue="today’s">today's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Huangshi, Hubei Province) and Kiou-Kiang (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5CB5D72A1C626B16A649CE0305C55FBC" originalValue="today’s">today's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) (Pilsbry, 1890) (Fig. 1). Report of a Pleistocene fossil from Zhenjiang, Jiangsu as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40AB2302104382E4AC03B66AEC510AF9" lsidName="T. fraterminor" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="fraterminor">T. fraterminor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B22F8D5B5E2C7BAF5AA8CB368552860E" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="267 - 346" title="Review and summary of Tertiary and Quaternary non-marine mollusks of China." volume="95" year="1943">Yen 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is somewhat doubtful because the relevant specimen was a juvenile shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |