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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4078b31d-4bb5-4803-8dc6-8d0549f7a8f3" ID-PMC="PMC8257565" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1047-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="199EAC1979F8501BB42D0A51CD52BB67" ID-PubMed="34248368" ID-ZooBank="12E8706355C44D5F821853F867E27908" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1047-101" checkinTime="1624985779365" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2021" docId="18ACEFA5526C547989C773C01B4AEDA7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1047: 101-154" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1047" docPubDate="2021-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735" docTitle="Hemiplecta funerea" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="199EAC1979F8501BB42D0A51CD52BB67" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="199EAC1979F8501BB42D0A51CD52BB67" masterDocTitle="Systematic review of the dextral Hemiplecta Albers, 1850 (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae) from Thailand with description of a new species and list of all the Indochinese species" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1668153796362" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematic review of the dextral Hemiplecta Albers, 1850 (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae) from Thailand with description of a new species and list of all the Indochinese species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirasak4@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand &amp; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-06-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1047</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>101</mods:start>
<mods:end>154</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1047-101</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">12E8706355C44D5F821853F867E27908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">199EAC1979F8501BB42D0A51CD52BB67</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183203212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18ACEFA5526C547989C773C01B4AEDA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18ACEFA5526C547989C773C01B4AEDA7" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName LSID="18ACEFA5-526C-5479-89C7-73C01B4AEDA7" authority="(Smith, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funerea">Hemiplecta funerea (Smith, 1896)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Living snail. A Hemiplecta humphreysiana from Singapore (width about 45 mm) B, C Hemiplecta distincta B from Saraburi, Thailand (width about 65 mm) and C mating pairs D, E Hemiplecta funerea from Nan, Thailand (width about 50 mm) D yellow shell form and E dark shell form (width about 50 mm) F Hemiplecta esculenta from Chiang Mai, Thailand (width about 30 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560488" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figures 1D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A, B Hemiplecta funerea, specimens CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A yellow shell form and B dark shell form C Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560492" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 5A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Representative SEM images of radula A-C Hemiplecta humphreysiana, specimen CUMZ 4573 from Singapore A central and lateral teeth B transition from lateral teeth to marginal teeth and C outermost marginal teeth D, E Hemiplecta distincta, specimen CUMZ 4560 from Chanthaburi, Thailand D central and lateral teeth and E outermost marginal teeth F, G Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand F central and lateral teeth and G outermost marginal teeth H, I Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand H central and lateral teeth I transition from lateral teeth to marginal teeth J Hemiplecta nemorosa sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 5253 from Maehongsorn, Thailand. Central tooth indicated by ' C'. Numbers indicate the tooth order from lateral to marginal end." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560497" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 10F, G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName authorityName="E.A.Smith" authorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina distincta subsp. var. var. funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="distincta" subSpecies="var." variety="funerea">Nanina distincta var. funerea</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1896: 128. Type Locality: Vanbu, Tonkin [Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, H" journalOrPublisher="In: Mission Pavie, Etudes diverses" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="390 - 450" refId="B27" refString="Fischer, H, Dautzenberg, P, 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo-Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour. In: Mission Pavie, Etudes diverses 3: 390 - 450" title="Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo-Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour." volume="3" year="1904">Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 393.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName authorityName="E.A.Smith" authorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina distincta subsp. var. var. pallidior" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="distincta" subSpecies="var." variety="pallidior">Nanina distincta var. pallidior</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1896: 128. Type Locality: Vanbu, Tonkin [Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, H" journalOrPublisher="In: Mission Pavie, Etudes diverses" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="390 - 450" refId="B27" refString="Fischer, H, Dautzenberg, P, 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo-Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour. In: Mission Pavie, Etudes diverses 3: 390 - 450" title="Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo-Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour." volume="3" year="1904">Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 393.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funerea">Hemiplecta funerea</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800" author="Inkhavilay, K" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 166" refId="B47" refString="Inkhavilay, K, Sutcharit, C, Bantaowong, U, Chanabun, R, Siriwut, W, Srisonchai, R, Pholyotha, A, Jirapatrasilp, P, Panha, S, 2019. Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 834: 1 - 166, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800" volume="834" year="2019">Inkhavilay et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 76, 77, figs 35f, 36a.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="type specimen">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Type specimen.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
See the species list of Indochinese species (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. A Hemiplecta denserugata, syntype SMF 226943 / 1 B Hemiplecta distincta, holotype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 35535 of Hemiplecta franzhuberi Thach, 2020 C Hemiplecta funerea, lectotype NHMUK 1896.1.25.4 D Hemiplecta gordoniae, specimen NHMUK 1903.7.1.309 E Hemiplecta humphreysiana, syntype NMNH 116569." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560499" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" county="Bor Klue District" location="Doi Phu Ka National Park" municipality="Ton Tong Waterfall" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Nan">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<collectingCountry name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Bor Klue District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Nan">Nan</collectingRegion>
: CUMZ 4649 (5 shells).
<collectingMunicipality>Ton Tong Waterfall</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18ACEFA5526C547989C773C01B4AEDA7:1E7FCC8C520E19523695AFB42D667A7E" country="Thailand" county="Bor Klue District" municipality="Ton Tong Waterfall" name="Doi Phu Ka National Park" stateProvince="Nan">Doi Phu Ka National Park</location>
,
<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Nan">Nan</collectingRegion>
: CUMZ 4575 (
<specimenCount type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
in ethanol; Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Living snail. A Hemiplecta humphreysiana from Singapore (width about 45 mm) B, C Hemiplecta distincta B from Saraburi, Thailand (width about 65 mm) and C mating pairs D, E Hemiplecta funerea from Nan, Thailand (width about 50 mm) D yellow shell form and E dark shell form (width about 50 mm) F Hemiplecta esculenta from Chiang Mai, Thailand (width about 30 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560488" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">1D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A, B Hemiplecta funerea, specimens CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A yellow shell form and B dark shell form C Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560492" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5A, B</figureCitation>
), CUMZ 4576 (8 shells)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Shell.</emphasis>
Shell large (height up to
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
, width up to
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
), depressed conic, dextral, with 6-7 whorls; spire slightly elevated with wide and shallow suture. Shell almost black to dark brown with thin yellowish peripheral band. Apex obtuse; embryonic shell large with smooth surface; subsequent whorls with thin growth lines and thin radial wrinkles. Last whorl keeled; aperture large and ovate; lip simple, yellowish to dark yellow, and slightly thickened in adult snail. Columella slightly dilated; parietal callus thin and transparent. Umbilicus wide and deep (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A, B Hemiplecta funerea, specimens CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A yellow shell form and B dark shell form C Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560492" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560492" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funerea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Hemiplecta funerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens CUMZ 4575 from
<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Nan">Nan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
yellow shell form and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
dark shell form
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maassen" authorityYear="2006" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta esculenta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="esculenta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Hemiplecta esculenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 4553 from
<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Both male and female genital characters similar to that of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. humphreysiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humphreysiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. humphreysiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Gametolytic sac (gs) elongate with undifferentiated duct. The unique characters are a coiled epiphallic caecum (ec) and curved flagellum (fl), which are not found in the other species (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6A</figureCitation>
). Internally, penial sculpture (ps) consists of scattered papillary knobs lining penial wall; penial verge absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6B</figureCitation>
). Internal wall of vagina and internal structure of dart apparatus are similar to that in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. humphreysiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humphreysiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. humphreysiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funerea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Hemiplecta funerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 4575 from
<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Nan">Nan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
whole genital organs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
internal wall sculpture of penis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
internal wall sculpture of vagina
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
internal wall sculpture of dart chamber
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E</emphasis>
ventral view of mantle edge
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">F</emphasis>
dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">G</emphasis>
right view of caudal region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Radula.</emphasis>
Each row contains about 286 teeth (140-(65-75)-1-(65-75)-135). Central tooth unicuspid conic-shaped, and dull cusp (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Representative SEM images of radula A-C Hemiplecta humphreysiana, specimen CUMZ 4573 from Singapore A central and lateral teeth B transition from lateral teeth to marginal teeth and C outermost marginal teeth D, E Hemiplecta distincta, specimen CUMZ 4560 from Chanthaburi, Thailand D central and lateral teeth and E outermost marginal teeth F, G Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand F central and lateral teeth and G outermost marginal teeth H, I Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand H central and lateral teeth I transition from lateral teeth to marginal teeth J Hemiplecta nemorosa sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 5253 from Maehongsorn, Thailand. Central tooth indicated by ' C'. Numbers indicate the tooth order from lateral to marginal end." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560497" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">10F</figureCitation>
). Lateral teeth unicuspid, elongate, and slanted with pointed tip. Outer lateral teeth unicuspid, elongate; latero-marginal transition starts from tooth numbers 65 to 75. Marginal teeth slightly curved, bicuspid; endocone and ectocones small and of similar size (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Representative SEM images of radula A-C Hemiplecta humphreysiana, specimen CUMZ 4573 from Singapore A central and lateral teeth B transition from lateral teeth to marginal teeth and C outermost marginal teeth D, E Hemiplecta distincta, specimen CUMZ 4560 from Chanthaburi, Thailand D central and lateral teeth and E outermost marginal teeth F, G Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand F central and lateral teeth and G outermost marginal teeth H, I Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand H central and lateral teeth I transition from lateral teeth to marginal teeth J Hemiplecta nemorosa sp. nov., paratype CUMZ 5253 from Maehongsorn, Thailand. Central tooth indicated by ' C'. Numbers indicate the tooth order from lateral to marginal end." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560497" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">10G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">External features.</emphasis>
Living snails with long, black eye tentacles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Living snail. A Hemiplecta humphreysiana from Singapore (width about 45 mm) B, C Hemiplecta distincta B from Saraburi, Thailand (width about 65 mm) and C mating pairs D, E Hemiplecta funerea from Nan, Thailand (width about 50 mm) D yellow shell form and E dark shell form (width about 50 mm) F Hemiplecta esculenta from Chiang Mai, Thailand (width about 30 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560488" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">1D, E</figureCitation>
). Skin reticulated, pale brownish to brownish with dark reticulation across the entire head and foot above the lateral margin. Foot sole, caudal foss (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6G</figureCitation>
), caudal horn, and pedal groove similar to those in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. humphreysiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humphreysiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. humphreysiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mantle edge, dorsal lobe, and shell lobe similar to those in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. humphreysiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humphreysiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. humphreysiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but only long and finger-shaped right shell lobe (rsl) present (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
Previously recorded from the type locality in northern Vietnam, and several localities in northern and central Laos (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680338" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" refId="B111" refString="Smith, EA, 1896. Notes on some land shells from Vanbu, Tonkin, with description of two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17: 128-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680338" title="Notes on some land shells from Vanbu, Tonkin, with description of two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17: 128 - 130." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680338" year="1896">Smith 1896</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, H" journalOrPublisher="In: Mission Pavie, Etudes diverses" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="390 - 450" refId="B27" refString="Fischer, H, Dautzenberg, P, 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo-Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour. In: Mission Pavie, Etudes diverses 3: 390 - 450" title="Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo-Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour." volume="3" year="1904">Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800" author="Inkhavilay, K" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 166" refId="B47" refString="Inkhavilay, K, Sutcharit, C, Bantaowong, U, Chanabun, R, Siriwut, W, Srisonchai, R, Pholyotha, A, Jirapatrasilp, P, Panha, S, 2019. Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 834: 1 - 166, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800" volume="834" year="2019">Inkhavilay et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Recently, we recorded this species from two localities in Nan Province, northern Thailand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680338" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" refId="B111" refString="Smith, EA, 1896. Notes on some land shells from Vanbu, Tonkin, with description of two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17: 128-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680338" title="Notes on some land shells from Vanbu, Tonkin, with description of two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17: 128 - 130." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680338" year="1896">Smith (1896</bibRefCitation>
: 128) introduced two nominal subspecies of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. distincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. distincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern Vietnam, which were distinguished on the basis of shell color. The &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta distincta subsp. var. var. funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="distincta" subSpecies="var." variety="funerea">Hemiplecta distincta var. funerea</taxonomicName>
&quot; has a purplish-black tinted shell (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A, B Hemiplecta funerea, specimens CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A yellow shell form and B dark shell form C Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560492" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5B</figureCitation>
), while the &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta distincta subsp. var. var. pallidior" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="distincta" subSpecies="var." variety="pallidior">Hemiplecta distincta var. pallidior</taxonomicName>
&quot; possesses a yellowish or olive-yellow shell (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A, B Hemiplecta funerea, specimens CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A yellow shell form and B dark shell form C Hemiplecta esculenta, specimen CUMZ 4553 from Chiang Mai, Thailand." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560492" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5A</figureCitation>
). Since then, no new specimens of these two color forms have been critically examined or their status verified. We have collected both living snails and empty shells of these two forms in recent surveys in Laos and Thailand. The two forms are anatomically and genetically identical, and occur syntopically, and thus, in our judgement, are examples of different shell colors of the same species. We recognize
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. funerea" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funerea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. funerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct and valid species, and treat
<taxonomicName authorityName="E.A.Smith" authorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina distincta subsp. var. var. pallidior" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="distincta" subSpecies="var." variety="pallidior">Nanina distincta var. pallidior</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1896 as its junior synonym (ICZN 1999: Art. 24, 74).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemiplecta funerea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funerea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Hemiplecta funerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. distincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. distincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the angulated, dark brown or yellowish shell, distinct penial sculpture, and a long and distinctively coiled epiphallic caecum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Genitalia, mantle edge structure and caudal region of Hemiplecta funerea, specimen CUMZ 4575 from Nan, Thailand A whole genital organs B internal wall sculpture of penis C internal wall sculpture of vagina D internal wall sculpture of dart chamber E ventral view of mantle edge F dorsal view of mantle edge showing right shell lobe and G right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560493" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6A</figureCitation>
) compared to the short and straight epiphallic caecum in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. distincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. distincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia, mantle edge structure, and caudal region of Hemiplecta distincta, specimen CUMZ 4560 from Chanthaburi, Thailand A whole genital organ B internal wall sculpture of penis, vagina, and dart chamber C dorsal view of mantle edge D ventral view of mantle edge and E right view of caudal region." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560491" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">4A</figureCitation>
). The blackish reticulated skin on a yellowish background and blackish eye tentacles contrast with the greyish body in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. distincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H. distincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Living snail. A Hemiplecta humphreysiana from Singapore (width about 45 mm) B, C Hemiplecta distincta B from Saraburi, Thailand (width about 65 mm) and C mating pairs D, E Hemiplecta funerea from Nan, Thailand (width about 50 mm) D yellow shell form and E dark shell form (width about 50 mm) F Hemiplecta esculenta from Chiang Mai, Thailand (width about 30 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1047.65735.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/560488" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">1B-E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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