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<mods:title id="F72E364443C93892642E5594AA4F29B0">New species, notes and record of New World Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF0161C755CFFE8FF4A3FCCE3CCFD3E" blockId="1.[151,477,664,691]" box="[151,477,664,691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<heading id="D0B8A170755CFFE8FF4A3FCCE3CCFD3E" bold="true" box="[151,477,664,691]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6D9F755CFFE8FF4A3FCCE3CCFD3E" ID-CoL="5DF7" ID-ENA="1710610" authority="LeConte, 1852" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,477,664,691]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Leptostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FF4A3FCCE3CCFD3E" bold="true" box="[151,477,664,691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FF4A3FCCE331FD3F" bold="true" box="[151,288,664,691]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Leptostylus</emphasis>
LeConte, 1852
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<subSubSection id="C3554597755CFFE8FF4A3F89E3F3FD79" box="[151,482,733,757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF0161C755CFFE8FF4A3F89E3F3FD79" blockId="1.[151,482,733,757]" box="[151,482,733,757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6D9F755CFFE8FF4A3F89E3CFFD79" ID-CoL="5DF7" authority="LeConte, 1852: 168" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,478,733,757]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Leptostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FF4A3F89E31BFD79" box="[151,266,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Leptostylus</emphasis>
LeConte, 1852: 168
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.
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<subSubSection id="C3554597755CFFE8FF4A3E77E3C8FBD2" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF0161C755CFFE8FF4A3E77E3C8FBD2" blockId="1.[151,1436,803,1118]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FF4A3E77E31AFCB1" bold="true" box="[151,267,803,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6D9F755CFFE8FECE3E77E382FCB1" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1852" box="[275,403,803,829]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Leptostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FECE3E77E382FCB1" box="[275,403,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Leptostylus</emphasis>
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is one of the most problematic genera within
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6D9F755CFFE8FC443E77E62AFCB1" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[921,1083,803,829]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acanthocinini">Acanthocinini</taxonomicName>
. Several features are extremely variable, especially the shape and width of the prosternal and mesoventral processes (
<figureCitation id="13740A99755CFFE8FBA03E13E6E4FCED" box="[1149,1269,839,865]" captionStart="FIGURES 211" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,188,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-28@3.[189,1398,181,1802]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 211. Leptostylus, prosternal and mesoventral processes: 2) L. arcuatus sp. nov., holotype male; 3) L. skillmani Santos-Silva, 2022, holotype female; 4) L. quintalbus Bates, 1885, male; 5) L. panamensis Heffern &amp; Santos-Silva, 2022, holotype female; 6) L. densepunctatus Botero, Pérez-Flores &amp; Santos-Silva, 2024, holotype male; 7) L. xanthopygus Bates, 1880, female; 8) L. bicolor Heffern &amp; Santos-Silva, 2023, holotype female; 9) L. carinatus Santos-Silva &amp; Botero, 2023, holotype female; 10) L. perniciosus Monné &amp; Hoffman, 1981, paratype male; 11) L. obrienorum Nascimento &amp; Heffern, 2018, holotype male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14390242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14390242/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Figs 211</figureCitation>
). Additionally, there are intermediate forms between distinctly narrow and distinctly wide processes, making it impossible to use them to attempt to divide
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6D9F755CFFE8FE1E3EDBE052FC25" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1852" box="[451,579,911,937]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Leptostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FE1E3EDBE052FC25" box="[451,579,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Leptostylus</emphasis>
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. The same situation occurs with other very variable features in this genus, as for example the body shape and the length of lower eye lobes and genae. Currently,
<taxonomicName id="4C4F6D9F755CFFE8FB4D3EE7E701FC41" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1852" box="[1168,1296,947,973]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Leptostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BCA0E755CFFE8FB4D3EE7E701FC41" box="[1168,1296,947,973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Leptostylus</emphasis>
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includes 95 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE6BED755CFFE8FF2B3E83E39BFC7D" author="Bezark, L. G." box="[246,394,983,1009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="168" refId="ref10785" refString="Bezark, L. G. (2024) A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available from: http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n / (accessed 8 June 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Bezark 2024</bibRefCitation>
), of which we examined 46 species. Among the species examined, some of them have narrow thoracic processes, but none with them as narrow as in the new species described here (
<figureCitation id="13740A99755CFFE8FBB23EAFE6A4FB99" box="[1135,1205,1019,1045]" captionStart="FIGURES 211" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,188,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-28@3.[189,1398,181,1802]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 211. Leptostylus, prosternal and mesoventral processes: 2) L. arcuatus sp. nov., holotype male; 3) L. skillmani Santos-Silva, 2022, holotype female; 4) L. quintalbus Bates, 1885, male; 5) L. panamensis Heffern &amp; Santos-Silva, 2022, holotype female; 6) L. densepunctatus Botero, Pérez-Flores &amp; Santos-Silva, 2024, holotype male; 7) L. xanthopygus Bates, 1880, female; 8) L. bicolor Heffern &amp; Santos-Silva, 2023, holotype female; 9) L. carinatus Santos-Silva &amp; Botero, 2023, holotype female; 10) L. perniciosus Monné &amp; Hoffman, 1981, paratype male; 11) L. obrienorum Nascimento &amp; Heffern, 2018, holotype male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14390242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14390242/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="168">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Even so, we prefer not to establish a new genus based solely on the width of the thoracic processes, precisely because of the enormous variation found in the genus.
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