299 lines
37 KiB
XML
299 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="40AA2B1A7FB56157159E4E4E02A0F339" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21adaea4-9b57-4f2d-990d-953f21db38de" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289662" ID-ZooBank="9255D63D-F35E-4CB6-8E6F-F718AEFCC1AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461272346557" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Larrazábal-Filho, Alexandre L., Silva, Maria Cristina Da & Esteves, André M." docDate="2015" docId="03DEEC0C363CFFA81C99FB5BFE0AF801" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04021p092.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4021 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Croconema fortis Larrazábal-Filho, Silva & Esteves, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFE794743630FFA51C0EFFC5FFC8FFF2" masterDocTitle="Four new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodorida) and a redescription of Desmodora nini (Inglis, 1963) from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698611921393" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="64DB03A479C6AB402F63484401BAFB8A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EAB60FFB5C0DC84829BCB4580B92926C">
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<mods:title id="AC5A5E11C0BD8173080DA6047121A337">Four new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodorida) and a redescription of Desmodora nini (Inglis, 1963) from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FDE598381BF9A0E053514C078B38F767" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="013FBD6BB697E69FB658C4601EAAF6DF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C13B930A1667382435A88FDD2B01C59D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6EBC58CAA9D6FA7350164D833B78787D">Larrazábal-Filho, Alexandre L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="EB19DBBB0F1F43D67BE386DC9C1EE6E6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="460EFF865C7FB5EB6358B4587633C77B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="78FDD73F44333D5CDB3E8761601DB60C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="745A717BCC2CA89FCCACF5C85E8E796E">Silva, Maria Cristina Da</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="87748D7E96BE03753304789AADB66006" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="45FE89AB66B9E91CDE166EA4EA99D20F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5207FD939EB58B6BDFC599195DE848FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DC509C4BF87A01376BB3372D3AECB37B">Esteves, André M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40172DE396CD8ACF76B25B969E6EEDFE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="23AEB91C4D7442B65E362ACA6682FC9A">
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<mods:title id="1107438D5BC4162C526A563AF827E48A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0F43D91987E0D57BF8C12576EAFC9919">
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<mods:date id="25365053E88DF268440EA144D3E64A62">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="677830A98432D00456C5238A8EBF0C97" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="865DFB9E229031D21437139BE1B7DFCE">4021</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="15C1D53A87A8CF89A4E795720C7B53CE" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="290786CA91446257850777379A3439FC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D4D3CFCC412433921670A52E38D4C397">63</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="314CD96E2E66D66FF3C18B97EB8158C9">92</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="075FB2F930FB433AA6CCE4C063E3F2E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="43134A846CC5C13AE96AC6B797A2164B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4021.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B1B1A831E0BB2D9DA12357FDFB4C8024" type="GBIF-Dataset">21adaea4-9b57-4f2d-990d-953f21db38de</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0FFE8E11A96C9B028AE32908E83CFA03" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="550A3C6A8EF0EB178E2627126B313532" type="Zenodo-Dep">289662</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B13009CF97192585BFE82BBCC5EA31F8" type="ZooBank">9255D63D-F35E-4CB6-8E6F-F718AEFCC1AF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DEEC0C363CFFA81C99FB5BFE0AF801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127693444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEEC0C363CFFA81C99FB5BFE0AF801" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEEC0C363CFFA81C99FB5BFE0AF801" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="C36D0E91363CFFA91C99FB5BFDA8FB28" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91C99FB5BFE7BFB4A" blockId="12.[151,608,1182,1242]" box="[151,435,1182,1208]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<heading id="D080EA76363CFFA91C99FB5BFE7BFB4A" bold="true" box="[151,435,1182,1208]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91C99FB5BFE7BFB4A" bold="true" box="[151,435,1182,1208]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C772699363CFFA91C99FB5BFEA1FB4A" box="[151,361,1182,1208]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91C99FB5BFEA1FB4A" bold="true" box="[151,361,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Croconema fortis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303C73363CFFA91D7FFB5BFE7BFB4A" box="[369,435,1182,1208]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91C99FB07FDA8FB28" blockId="12.[151,608,1182,1242]" box="[151,608,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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(measurements in
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<tableCitation id="C6F568A1363CFFA91D6AFB04FE71FB28" box="[356,441,1217,1242]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1335,234,1830]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements (µm) of Croconema fortis sp. n. in the Potiguar Basin, Brazil. n = number of specimens; * = not applied. Abbreviations as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF080D92363EFFAB1C99FF5DFD8FFF3D" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" tableUuid="DF080D92363EFFAB1C99FF5DFD8FFF3D">Table 4</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C419F363CFFA91DCBFB04FDC3FB28" box="[453,523,1217,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,362,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1427,362,1405]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 and Paratype female MNRJ 347 A and B: overview (male and female, respectively). C: somatic setae. D: tail region (female). E: dorsal tooth. F: posterior region (spicules and pre-cloacal supplements). G: dorsal tooth (cephalic region of female). H: fovea amphidialis (cephalic region of male). I: vulva opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289669/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C419F363CFFA91E16FB07FDE0FB28" box="[536,552,1218,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,207,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Croconema fortis sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 347 - A: overview. B: head region. C: anterior region. D: ovary and vulva opening. E: tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289670/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C419F363CFFA91E3AFB07FD9BFB28" box="[564,595,1218,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 - A: overview. B and D: head region. C: anterior region. E: posterior region and pre-cloacal supplements. F: copulatory apparatus. Paratype Juvenile I – H: overview and G: head region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289671/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">10</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D0E91363CFFA91C99FACCFD2EFA24" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91C99FACCFC30FAB4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1289,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91C99FACCFE0DFAD0" bold="true" box="[151,453,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<typeStatus id="54CCE3B8363CFFA91C99FACCFF1AFAD0" box="[151,210,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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<typeStatus id="54CCE3B8363CFFA91D56FACCFE0DFAD0" box="[344,453,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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Male adult
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<collectionCode id="ED66C5DF363CFFA91E54FACFFD6DFAD3" box="[602,677,1290,1313]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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346 (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE433BDD363CFFA91EFEFACFFCBFFAD0" box="[752,887,1290,1314]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" precision="15" value="-3.5">03°30’00”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE433BDD363CFFA91F86FACCFBEEFAD0" box="[904,1062,1289,1314]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" precision="15" value="-38.25">038°15’00”W</geoCoordinate>
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) collected in
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<date id="FFC97BDA363CFFA918C0FACFFA80FAD0" box="[1230,1352,1290,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" value="2009-06">June 2009</date>
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, in the Potiguar Basin, between 30 and
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<quantity id="4C8FF0FF363CFFA91E0FFAE8FDF2FAB7" box="[513,570,1325,1350]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
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deep. Sediment: coarse bioclastic sand.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91CC9FA94FDB2FA7C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1289,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91CC9FA94FE5CFA98" bold="true" box="[199,404,1361,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<typeStatus id="54CCE3B8363CFFA91CC9FA94FEFCFA98" box="[199,308,1361,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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female:
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</emphasis>
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Adult
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<collectionCode id="ED66C5DF363CFFA91DEFFA97FDE4FA9B" box="[481,556,1362,1385]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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347 (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE433BDD363CFFA91E63FA94FD3CFA98" box="[621,756,1361,1386]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" precision="15" value="-3.25">03°15’00”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE433BDD363CFFA91F0EFA94FC56FA98" box="[768,926,1361,1386]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" precision="15" value="-38.75">038°45’00”W</geoCoordinate>
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) from the Potiguar Basin, between 30 and
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<quantity id="4C8FF0FF363CFFA9198EFA94FF65FA7F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
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deep. Sediment: coarse lithoclastic sand.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91CC9FA5CFD2EFA24" blockId="12.[151,1437,1289,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91CC9FA5CFE5DFA40" bold="true" box="[199,405,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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Other
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<typeStatus id="54CCE3B8363CFFA91D18FA5CFE58FA40" box="[278,400,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D719693363CFFA91D92FA5FFDC1FA40" box="[412,521,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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(181 and 182 LMZOO-UFPE),
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<specimenCount id="9D719693363CFFA91F7BFA5FFC04FA40" box="[885,972,1433,1458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
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(176-180 LMZOO-UFPE) and 5 J1 (183 LMZOO-UFPE) collected on same date as
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<typeStatus id="54CCE3B8363CFFA91E72FA78FD2AFA24" box="[636,738,1469,1494]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D0E91363CFFA91CC9FA24FB8CFA08" box="[199,1092,1505,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91CC9FA24FB8CFA08" blockId="12.[151,1437,1289,2034]" box="[199,1092,1505,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91CC9FA24FE86FA08" bold="true" box="[199,334,1505,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Species name refers to the large robust body, from L.
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<taxonomicName id="4C772699363CFFA91FA3FA24FC20FA0B" box="[941,1000,1505,1529]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91FA3FA24FC20FA0B" box="[941,1000,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">fortis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, strong.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D0E91363CFFA81CC9F9C0FB45FEB2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363CFFA91CC9F9C0FD86F800" blockId="12.[151,1437,1289,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91CC9F9C0FD57F9EC" bold="true" box="[199,671,1541,1566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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Description.
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<typeStatus id="54CCE3B8363CFFA91D6FF9C0FE06F9EC" box="[353,462,1541,1566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male (
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<figureCitation id="134C419F363CFFA91E2EF9C0FDA3F9EC" box="[544,619,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,362,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1427,362,1405]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 and Paratype female MNRJ 347 A and B: overview (male and female, respectively). C: somatic setae. D: tail region (female). E: dorsal tooth. F: posterior region (spicules and pre-cloacal supplements). G: dorsal tooth (cephalic region of female). H: fovea amphidialis (cephalic region of male). I: vulva opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289669/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C419F363CFFA91E74F9C0FD5FF9EC" box="[634,663,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 - A: overview. B and D: head region. C: anterior region. E: posterior region and pre-cloacal supplements. F: copulatory apparatus. Paratype Juvenile I – H: overview and G: head region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289671/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">10</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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Body long and cylindrical, yellowish brown in colour, with strong cephalic capsule and conical tail. Cuticle strongly annulated except on cephalic capsule and non-annulated tail end. Somatic setae arranged in six longitudinal rows, alternating long and short setae. Head wide in diameter, with long cephalic capsule.
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91D6CF9B7FDFDF97B" box="[354,565,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
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loop-shaped. One large dorsal tooth and two subventral teeth, one circle of denticles (parallel to teeth) and six lips with 12 folds. Anterior sensilla arrangement: six inner labial, six outer setae, four cephalic setae positioned at midlevel of
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91EFEF97CFC73F923" box="[752,955,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
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, and two circles of six subcephalic setae below
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<emphasis id="B9038108363CFFA91CEDF918FE64F907" box="[227,428,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
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. Pharynx with terminal bulb, with sclerotized lumen divided into distinct regions. Nerve ring not observed. Ventral gland and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Cardia inserted in intestine. Two small pre-cloacal supplements, first more sclerotized than second, placed 4.5 µm apart. Reproductive system with outstretched testis. Long, thin spicules with rounded capitulum. Gubernaculum composed of two parts: laminar which is thin and distally curved and a dorso-caudal apophysis. Spinneret visible. In addition to the somatic setae along the body, this species has two subventral rows of thick spine-like setae that arise proximally in the second pre-cloacal supplement and extend posterior to the cloaca (
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<figureCitation id="134C419F363CFFA91F44F870FC57F83C" box="[842,927,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 - A: overview. B and D: head region. C: anterior region. E: posterior region and pre-cloacal supplements. F: copulatory apparatus. Paratype Juvenile I – H: overview and G: head region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289671/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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E). Short conical tail, distal portion without annulation, and three terminal papillae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363DFFA81CC9FF52FCEDFF0A" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81CC9FF52FE56FF42" bold="true" box="[199,414,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C419F363DFFA81D20FF52FEB1FF42" box="[302,377,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,362,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1427,362,1405]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 and Paratype female MNRJ 347 A and B: overview (male and female, respectively). C: somatic setae. D: tail region (female). E: dorsal tooth. F: posterior region (spicules and pre-cloacal supplements). G: dorsal tooth (cephalic region of female). H: fovea amphidialis (cephalic region of male). I: vulva opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289669/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C419F363DFFA81D86FF52FE5FFF42" box="[392,407,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,207,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Croconema fortis sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 347 - A: overview. B: head region. C: anterior region. D: ovary and vulva opening. E: tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289670/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male, except that
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81EE5FF5DFC7CFF42" box="[747,948,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
is 58% smaller. Reproductive system with paired opposite and reflexed ovaries. Vulva as transverse slit. Vagina vera short, vagina uterina with sphincter muscle. Egg found in oviduct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C419F363DFFA81DFFFF1AFDFCFF0A" box="[497,564,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,207,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Croconema fortis sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 347 - A: overview. B: head region. C: anterior region. D: ovary and vulva opening. E: tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289670/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Short conical tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363DFFA81CC9FEC1FB45FEB2" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81CC9FEC1FEFDFEEF" bold="true" box="[199,309,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Juveniles</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D719693363DFFA81D30FEC1FE01FEEF" box="[318,457,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="juvenile">16 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
found, all in the first stage of development. Identical to adults except for size and in having visible nerve ring and absence of lateral row of setae (pre-cloacal region) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C419F363DFFA81822FEE2FBB7FEB2" box="[1068,1151,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[158,1413,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Croconema fortis sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 346 - A: overview. B and D: head region. C: anterior region. E: posterior region and pre-cloacal supplements. F: copulatory apparatus. Paratype Juvenile I – H: overview and G: head region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289671/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF080D92363DFFA81C99FA4FFAB4FA2F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289669/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" targetBox="[163,1426,362,1404]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363DFFA81C99FA4FFAB4FA2F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1418,1501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81C99FA4FFEDEFA52" bold="true" box="[151,278,1418,1440]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81D11FA4EFE1BFA52" box="[287,467,1418,1440]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81D11FA4EFE1BFA52" box="[287,467,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Croconema fortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303C73363DFFA81DD3FA4EFDDFFA52" box="[477,535,1419,1440]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype MNRJ 346 and Paratype female MNRJ 347 A and B: overview (male and female, respectively). C: somatic setae. D: tail region (female). E: dorsal tooth. F: posterior region (spicules and pre-cloacal supplements). G: dorsal tooth (cephalic region of female). H:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81F06FA02FC75FA2F" box="[776,957,1479,1501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
(cephalic region of male). I: vulva opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D0E91363DFFA81CC9F9C3FBBAF994" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363DFFA81CC9F9C3FBBAF994" blockId="13.[151,1436,1542,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81CC9F9C3FDD3F9ED" bold="true" box="[199,539,1542,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis and relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
The main characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81F36F9C2FC37F9ED" box="[824,1023,1543,1567]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81F36F9C2FC37F9ED" box="[824,1023,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Croconema fortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81806F9C3FB82F9ED" bold="true" box="[1032,1098,1542,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303C73363DFFA81806F9C3FB82F9ED" box="[1032,1098,1542,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are: buccal cavity with large dorsal tooth and two subventral teeth. Long cephalic capsule. Two circles of six subcephalic setae below the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81951F9EFFED3F994" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
. Two small pre-cloacal supplements and two subventral rows of thick setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D0E91363DFFA81CC9F9B6FE0AF801" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC85D1A363DFFA81CC9F9B6FE0AF801" blockId="13.[151,1436,1542,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81CC9F9B6FE47F978" box="[199,399,1650,1674]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81CC9F9B6FE47F978" box="[199,399,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Croconema fortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81D95F9B7FE28F979" bold="true" box="[411,480,1650,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303C73363DFFA81D95F9B7FE28F979" box="[411,480,1650,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81E8BF9B6FB12F979" authority="Steiner & Hoeppli, 1926" authorityName="Steiner & Hoeppli" authorityYear="1926" box="[645,1242,1650,1675]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mammillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81E8BF9B6FC65F978" box="[645,941,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Croconema mammillatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81FB7F9B7FB12F979" author="Steiner" box="[953,1242,1650,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Steiner, G. & Hoeppli, R. (1926) Studies on the exoskeleton of some Japanese marine nemas. Archiv fur Schiffs- und Tropen- Hygiene, 30, 457 - 576." type="journal article" year="1926">Steiner & Hoeppli, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81914F9B6FEB4F95D" authority="Allgen, 1928" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1928" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stateni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81914F9B6FF2AF95C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Croconema stateni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81CE6F953FEB4F95D" author="Allgen" box="[232,380,1686,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Allgen, C. A. (1928) Freilebende marine Nematoden von den Campbell-und Staten-Inseln. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Christiana, 66, 249 - 309." type="journal article" year="1928">Allgén, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having denticles in the oral cavity. However, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81833F952FB3FF95C" box="[1085,1271,1686,1710]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mammillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81833F952FB3FF95C" box="[1085,1271,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. mammillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of a mammillate apparatus, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81E47F97EFCBCF921" authority="Inglis, 1968" authorityName="Inglis" authorityYear="1968" box="[585,884,1722,1747]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mawsonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81E47F97EFD2AF920" box="[585,738,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. mawsonae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81EE2F97FFCBCF921" author="Inglis" box="[748,884,1722,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Inglis, W. G. (1968) Interstitial nematodes from St. Vincent's Bay, New Caledonia. Expedition Francaise sur les Recifs Coralliens de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Editions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, 2, 29 - 74. [Paris]" type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Inglis,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FF0FF363DFFA81F32F97FFCBCF921" box="[828,884,1722,1747]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99872" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" unit="in" value="1968.0">1968</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the presence of subventral spines on the tail.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81C99F91AFEAAF905" box="[151,354,1759,1783]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81C99F91AFEAAF905" box="[151,354,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Croconema fortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81D7EF91BFE7FF905" bold="true" box="[368,439,1758,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303C73363DFFA81D7EF91BFE7FF905" box="[368,439,1758,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81EADF91AFC08F905" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[675,960,1758,1783]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81EADF91AFCECF904" box="[675,804,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. cinctum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81F3CF91BFC08F905" author="Cobb" box="[818,960,1758,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology (Cobb), 9, 217 - 343. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3272166" type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81FDCF91AFAB8F905" authority="Verschelde et al. 2006" authorityName="Verschelde et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[978,1392,1758,1783]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floriani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81FDCF91AFB86F904" box="[978,1102,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. floriani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81853F91BFAB8F905" author="Verschelde" box="[1117,1392,1758,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Verschelde, D., Nicholas, W. & Vincx, M. (2006) A review of the genera Croconema Cobb, 1920 and Pseudochromadora Daday, 1899 (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea): new species from the Coasts of Kenya and Australia. Hydrobiologia, 571, 17 - 40. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 006 - 0194 - 0" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Verschelde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA818E8F91AFAD7F904" box="[1254,1311,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA8198CF91AFE17F8E9" authority="Wieser, 1954" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA8198CF91AFE8AF8E8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. mediterraneum</emphasis>
|
||
Wieser, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81DE5F8C6FCEBF8E9" authority="Kreis 1928" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1928" box="[491,803,1794,1819]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaericum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81DE5F8C6FD46F8E8" box="[491,654,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. sphaericum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81E92F8C7FCD3F8E9" author="Kreis" box="[668,795,1794,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Kreis, H. (1928) Weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der freilebenden marinen Nematoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 92 A, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1928">Kreis 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81F54F8C6FB96F8E9" authority="Allgen, 1928" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1928" box="[858,1118,1794,1819]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stateni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81F54F8C6FC0DF8E8" box="[858,965,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. stateni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81FC2F8C7FB96F8E9" author="Allgen" box="[972,1118,1794,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Allgen, C. A. (1928) Freilebende marine Nematoden von den Campbell-und Staten-Inseln. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Christiana, 66, 249 - 309." type="journal article" year="1928">Allgén, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to the presence of copulatory spines as precloacal supplements. Of these species, the most similar is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81852F8E2FB00F8CC" box="[1116,1224,1831,1854]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stateni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81852F8E2FB00F8CC" box="[1116,1224,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. stateni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as redescribed by Pastor de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE620EB363DFFA81D0AF88FFE5DF891" author="Ward" box="[260,405,1866,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refString="Pastor de Ward, C. T. (1988) Nematodes Marinos de la ria Deseado (Desmodoroidea: Desmodoridae, Draconematide), Santa Cruz, Argentina. VII. Physis (Buenos Aires), Seccion A, 46, 61 - 72." type="journal article" year="1988">Ward (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Despite the similarities, the specimens studied here are considered a new species, due to the presence of only two circles of subcephalic setae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81EC4F8AAFCFEF874" box="[714,822,1903,1926]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stateni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81EC4F8AAFCFEF874" box="[714,822,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. stateni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 3 circles); spicules with a rounded capitulum (hookshaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81D06F856FEBBF858" box="[264,371,1939,1962]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stateni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81D06F856FEBBF858" box="[264,371,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. stateni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); gubernaculum formed of two parts: a narrow and distally curved laminar, and a dorsal-caudal apophysis (apophysis absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81DF0F872FDA2F83C" box="[510,618,1975,1998]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stateni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81DF0F872FDA2F83C" box="[510,618,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. stateni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C772699363DFFA81F05F872FCAFF83D" box="[779,871,1975,1999]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Croconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fortis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81F05F872FCAFF83D" box="[779,871,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">C. fortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9038108363DFFA81F7EF873FC78F83D" bold="true" box="[880,944,1974,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2303C73363DFFA81F7EF873FC78F83D" box="[880,944,1974,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has much smaller subventral ornaments on the non-annulated tail end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |