324 lines
32 KiB
XML
324 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFAFFFAE16ABF549F777F323" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Leptonycteris yerbabuenae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="515" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFAFFFAE16ABF549F777F323" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFAFFFAE16ABF549F777F323" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1431,1489,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2510,2803,2929]" box="[1431,1489,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<heading box="[1431,1489,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1431,1489,2803,2849]" captionStart="Plate 37: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="27.[133,163,3312,3337]" captionTargetBox="[24,2766,17,3654]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="47. Insular Single-leat Bat (Monophyllus plethodon), 48. Leach’s Single-leat Bat (Monophyllus redmani), 49. Commissaris’s L. ong-tongued Bat (Glossophaga commissaris), 50. Western Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga morenoi), 51. Gray's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga leachii), 52. Miller's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga longirostris), 53. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina), 54. Southern LLong-nosed Bat (Leptonyctenis curasoae), 55. Greater Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris nivalis), 56. Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), 57. Antillean Fruit-eating Bat (Brachyphylla cavernarum), 58. Cuban Fruit-eating Bat (Brachyphylla nana), 59. Jamaican Flower Bat (Phyllonycteris aphylla), 60. Cuban Flower Bat (Phyllonycteris poeyi), 61. Brown Flower Bat (Erophylla bombifrons), 62. Buffy Flower Bat (Erophylla sezekorni)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458756/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">56.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1506,1979,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2510,2803,2929]" box="[1506,1979,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<heading box="[1506,1979,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1506,1979,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Lesser Long-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[2047,2510,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2510,2803,2929]" box="[2047,2510,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<heading box="[2047,2510,2803,2849]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L. Martinez & Villa" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[2047,2510,2803,2849]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[2047,2510,2803,2849]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Leptonycteris yerbabuenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2510,2803,2929]" box="[1431,2492,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<heading box="[1431,2492,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1507,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1516,1698,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Petit Leptonyctére</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1719,1810,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1820,2144,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Kleine Mexiko-Blitenfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2165,2257,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2267,2396,2867,2888]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Leptonicterio</vernacularName>
|
||
pequeno
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[1429,2510,2803,2929]" box="[1431,2068,2906,2927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<heading box="[1431,2068,2906,2927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1678,2906,2927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1687,1950,2906,2927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Sanborn’s Long-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1959,2068,2906,2927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Tequila Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[2041,2637,2978,3402]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2043,2198,2978,3007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="L. Martinez & Villa, 1940" authorityName="L. Martinez & Villa" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nivalis" subSpecies="yerbabuenae">Leptonycteris nivalis yerbabuenae L. Martinez & Villa, 1940</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
“Yerbabuena,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2043,2322,3053,3086]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Estado de Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,”
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2352,2457,3053,3086]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[2041,2637,2978,3402]" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
Taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2245,2438,3097,3126]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">L. yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was confused during several decades of the 20™ century.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[2041,2637,2978,3402]" lastBlockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="30" pageNumber="514">
|
||
As a result, papers referring to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">L. yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been published under the names
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2044,2190,3259,3284]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curasoae">L. curasoae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2209,2357,3259,3284]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">L. sanborni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2439,2565,3259,3284]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">L. nivalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Leptonyctenis
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2173,2328,3290,3323]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described originally as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2374,2498,3330,3363]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">L. nivalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and then as a subspecies under the name L. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">sanborni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was used by several authors. Eventually, it was recognized that those animals did not belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1770,1895,3447,3480]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">L. nivalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
but were a distinct species, which is how the oldest available name (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[336,527,286,319]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yerbabuenae">L. yerbabuenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) came to be the name currently used. Taxonomy is now well sorted out. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458712/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" targetBox="[1427,2018,2982,3397]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,282,365,398]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
SW
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[354,418,365,398]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(S
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[469,580,365,398]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
and SW
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[713,895,365,398]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
), most of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1042,1144,365,398]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
E to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[333,510,405,438]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Nuevo Leon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[590,752,405,438]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and S to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[906,1030,405,438]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1111,1228,405,438]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and Central America in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[385,539,452,477]" name="Guatemala" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[555,711,452,477]" name="El Salvador" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[828,971,452,477]" name="Honduras" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,356,491,516]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 74-90 mm (no externaltail), ear 16-21 mm, hindfoot 15-19 mm, forearm 51-55 mm; weight 15-28 g. The Lesser Long-nosed Bat is medium-sized for a phyllostomid, large for a New World nectarfeeding bat, and small for a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[282,445,602,635]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Fur on back is mid-length and grayish brown to cinnamon; venter is paler. Rostrum is slightly elongated. Tongue is long, and its tip has elongated papillae that help “mop” nectar from inside flowers. Noseleaf is small and triangular. Eyes are large, and ears are small, separate, and triangular. Lower lip has V-shaped groove that serves as a receptacle for tongue as it moves in and out of the mouth. There is no external tail, but it is composed of three small caudal vertebrae. Uropatagium 1s narrow and almost completely naked. Calcar is short. Terminal third phalanx of third finger, the longest finger of the wing, is shorter than
|
||
<quantity box="[992,1091,877,910]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. X-chromosome is medium-small submetacentric, and Y-chromosome is minute acrocentric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,217,996,1029]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primarily dry tropical and desert habitats, from tropical deciduous forests to deserts and mixed forests, up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[789,900,1035,1068]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
(but mostly below
|
||
<quantity box="[1184,1293,1035,1068]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
). Lesser Long-nosed Bats are associated primarily with deserts and dry tropical forests but can occur in other ecosystems. At mid-elevations, Lesser Long-nosed Bats can coexist with its sympatric congener, the Greater Long-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[993,1125,1158,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Leptonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">L. nivalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,360,1193,1226]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Lesser.ong-nosed Bat feeds on nectar, pollen, and soft fruits. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[106,207,1241,1266]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[328,392,1241,1266]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, diet includes nectar, pollen, and fruit of many species of columnar cacti. It also eats nectar and pollen of many other plant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[999,1191,1272,1305]" family="Bombacaceae" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" rank="family">Bombacaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Convolvulaceae" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Leguminosae. Spatiotemporally, diet can be dominated by columnar cacti such as saguaro (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[344,471,1351,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Carnegiea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carnegiea</taxonomicName>
|
||
gigantea), giant cardon (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[814,962,1351,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Pachycereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pachycereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
pringler), and organ pipe (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[117,258,1391,1424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stenocereus</taxonomicName>
|
||
thurberi) in summer in the Sonoran Desert; agaves (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[964,1045,1391,1424]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Agave</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) in spring and autumn at mid-elevations, including tequila agave for which it is a primary pollinator, thus one of its common names, Tequila Bat; and morning glory trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1064,1169,1469,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ipomoea</taxonomicName>
|
||
arborescens and others,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[280,496,1509,1542]" family="Convolvulaceae" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and trees from the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[805,946,1509,1542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1131,1313,1509,1542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pseudobombax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudobombax</taxonomicName>
|
||
ellipticum,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[245,311,1548,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
pentandra) in winter in tropical dry forests of western and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They also eat soft, juicy, sweet fruits, including those of several columnar cacti, such as garambullo (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[325,503,1627,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Myrtillocactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrtillocactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
geometrizans) and pitaya or organ pipe (S. thurber). Given spatiotemporal predictability of columnar cactus nectar and pollen, Lesser Long-nosed Bats tend to forage singly although several bats will forage around the same flowering cacti and chase each other. When resources are unpredictable, other bats including Fisheating
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[202,290,1785,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[313,398,1785,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
vivesi) tend to forage in groups and maintain social communication among individuals. In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[481,581,1829,1858]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[597,700,1829,1858]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lesser Long-nosed Bats make an estimated 80-100 visits to cactus flowers to acquire 80 Kk] of energy needed every night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[105,237,1904,1937]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Long-nosed Bats seem to be polygynous. Females carry one embryo. There are two spatiotemporally segregated birth peaks: non-migratory females give birth to young in winter in dry forests ofwestern and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[886,988,1982,2015]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and migratory females give birth peak in summer in the Sonoran Desert of north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1051,1151,2022,2055]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[221,285,2070,2095]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Reproductive males smear their backs with feces, urine,saliva, and other products or metabolic byproducts. Resulting sebaceous, odiferous patch is very attractive to females and causes males with a more symmetrical patch to have fewer ectoparasites and presumably greater reproductive success than those with less symmetrical patches. Females move young to nurseries in the same cave before leaving to forage at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,345,2259,2292]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Long-nosed Bats tend to leave their roosts c.1 hour after dusk. They fly long distances to foraging areas and remain active for an average of 6-6 hours/night, longer than other bats such as foliage gleaners: Fish-eating
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1303,2338,2371]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[225,314,2382,2411]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. myotis), Greater Mouse-tailed Bats (Rhinopoma microphyllum), and Egyptian Rousettes (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[391,516,2417,2450]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
|
||
aegyptiacus). Movements are rather predictable, and they follow the same route and feed in the same areas night after night. They roost primarily in caves but also culverts, mines, and buildings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[105,799,2540,2569]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Long-nosed Bats live in large colonies of thousands of individuals. They move seasonally, and some females embark in a northward migration while pregnant to give birth in late spring or early summer in the Sonoran Desert of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[432,641,2662,2687]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[660,760,2662,2687]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Arizona. Summer maternity colonies are abandoned in autumn, and winters are spent in dry tropical forests of western, central, and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[415,518,2741,2766]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Another group of females remain year-round in western or central
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[252,355,2772,2805]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, giving birth to their offspring in winter. Reproductive females fly at least
|
||
<quantity box="[174,257,2811,2844]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
from roosts to foraging areas and back every night. Their route and foraging areas remain constant night after night. Individual foraging areas have been estimated at 0-24 km. Lesser Long-nosed Bats share roosts with many other bat species including the Greater Long-nosed Bat, the Mexican Long-tongued Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[929,1234,2931,2964]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">Choeronycteris mexicana</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[451,715,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soricina">Glossophaga soricina</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Californian Leaf-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Macrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Macrotus californicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Little Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[634,930,3014,3043]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">Micronycteris megalotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[172,435,3049,3082]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">Artibeus jamaicensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat, the Common Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">Desmodus rotundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[703,942,3088,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diphylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecaudata">Diphylla ecaudata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Peters’s Ghost-faced Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[116,248,3128,3161]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mormoops</taxonomicName>
|
||
megalophylla), Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[949,1081,3128,3161]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
parnellir), Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (P£. davyi), Townsend’s Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[912,1086,3172,3201]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Corynorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Corynorhinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
townsendii), the Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,267,3207,3240]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[287,372,3207,3240]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
velifer), the Fringed
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[649,737,3207,3240]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. thysanodes), the Haired-legged
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1221,1309,3207,3240]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. keaysi), the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[799,938,3251,3280]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Mexican Funneleared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[258,499,3290,3319]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Natalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">Natalus mexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[103,1314,286,3477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[105,462,3326,3359]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Long-nosed Bat was listed as endangered in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[899,962,3365,3398]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1988 and threatened in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[146,248,3405,3438]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1993. After a recovery program was implemented in the 1990s, it was delisted in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[261,363,3444,3477]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 2013 and in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[641,704,3444,3477]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 2018.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="515" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[1382,2586,294,361]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1383,1535,294,319]" pageId="31" pageNumber="515">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arita & Humphrey (1988), Cole & Wilson (2006b), Egert-Berg et al. (2018), Frick et al. (2018), Horner et al. (1998), Medellin & Torres-Knoop (2012), Medellin et al. (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |