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<document id="1F777C822B870BB89C72A415F0880F02" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8391497" ID-ZooBank="BFA5DC03-2B14-4CB1-9B55-C3E973C3FEE9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1695989769167" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ossó, Àlex &amp; Ng, Peter K. L." docDate="2023" docId="039AB01CFFEAFFAE42E6DC67AB675BCB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5351.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5351 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lathahypossia Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="268" masterDocId="FFA3C864FFEBFFAD4271D971AE1C5A66" masterDocTitle="On the systematic placement of the fossil crab Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)" masterLastPageNumber="275" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="266" updateTime="1696258486909" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B3BAC61CC864115C6073C17D2ADA6F61">On the systematic placement of the fossil crab Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E304EC6A064EE0FCADB547B10089B37">Ossó, Àlex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6043AEA4CDA1CC9ED2B8B1025C7A93AF">Ng, Peter K. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C04A1B7FE2853E2BFD86D9C4235DC870">Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3295281FFEAFFAC42E6DC67AA235F56" box="[151,1087,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFEAFFAC42E6DC67AA235F56" blockId="1.[151,1087,1302,1329]" box="[151,1087,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<heading id="D0C4B666FFEAFFAC42E6DC67AA235F56" bold="true" box="[151,1087,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC42E6DC67AA235F56" bold="true" box="[151,1087,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC429FDC67AA235F56" authority="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa, 2007" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[238,1087,1302,1329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC429FDC67AF825F57" bold="true" box="[238,414,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC43D7DC67AA235F56" author="Schweitzer C. E. &amp; Artal P. &amp; Van Bakel B. &amp; Jagt J. W. M. &amp; Karasawa, H." box="[422,1087,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="278 - 295" refId="ref8010" refString="Schweitzer C. E., Artal P., Van Bakel B., Jagt J. W. M., Karasawa, H. (2007) Revision of the genus Titanocarcinus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) with two new genera and one new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27 (2), 278 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / S- 2713.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3295281FFEAFFAC42E6DC2EAB535F1F" box="[151,1359,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFEAFFAC42E6DC2EAB535F1F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1374,2013]" box="[151,1359,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC42E6DC2EAF2E5F1E" bold="true" box="[151,306,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<typeStatus id="5488BFA8FFEAFFAC42E6DC2EAECE5F1F" box="[151,210,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4348DC2EADC25F1F" authority="Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984" authorityName="Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin" authorityYear="1984" box="[313,990,1375,1401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Titanocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4348DC2EAC4E5F1F" box="[313,594,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Titanocarcinus aculeatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC4028DC2EADC25F1F" author="Busulini, A. &amp; Tessier, G. &amp; Visentin, M." box="[601,990,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="107 - 117" refId="ref5192" refString="Busulini, A., Tessier, G. &amp; Visentin, M. (1984) Titanocarcinus aculeatus nuova specie di brachiuro nell'Eocene del Veneto (Crustacea, Decapoda). Lavori - Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, 9 (1), 107 - 117." type="journal article" year="1984">Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy. Gender feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3295281FFEAFFAC42B6DCF3AD395FA7" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFEAFFAC42B6DCF3AD395FA7" blockId="1.[151,1436,1374,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC42B6DCF3AF885FFA" bold="true" box="[199,404,1410,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Species included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC43EDDCF2AA565FFB" authority="(Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[412,1098,1411,1437]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeata">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC43EDDCF2ACBB5FFB" box="[412,679,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia aculeata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC40C6DCF2AA5E5FFB" author="Busulini, A. &amp; Tessier, G. &amp; Visentin, M." box="[695,1090,1411,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="107 - 117" refId="ref5192" refString="Busulini, A., Tessier, G. &amp; Visentin, M. (1984) Titanocarcinus aculeatus nuova specie di brachiuro nell'Eocene del Veneto (Crustacea, Decapoda). Lavori - Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, 9 (1), 107 - 117." type="journal article" year="1984">Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4626DCF2ACA55FA7" authority="(Beschin, Busulini, Fornaciari, Papazzoni &amp; Tessier, 2018)" authorityName="Ossó &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Beschin, Busulini, Fornaciari, Papazzoni &amp; Tessier" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campolongensis" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4626DCF2AB355FFB" box="[1111,1321,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">L. campolongensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC4748DCF2ACAD5FA7" author="Beschin, C. &amp; Busulini, A. &amp; Fornaciari, E. &amp; Papazzoni, C. A. &amp; Tessier, G." pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="129 - 215" refId="ref4930" refString="Beschin, C., Busulini, A., Fornaciari, E., Papazzoni, C. A. &amp; Tessier, G. (2018) La Fauna di crostacei associati a coralli dell'Eocene Superiore di Campolongo di Val Liona (Monti Berici, Vicenza, Italia Nordorientale). Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 69, 129 - 215. [https: // hdl. handle. net / 11380 / 1168468]" type="journal article" year="2018">Beschin, Busulini, Fornaciari, Papazzoni &amp; Tessier, 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2746063FFEAFFAC40B1DCD6AD395FA7" box="[704,805,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC40B1DCD6AD025FA7" bold="true" box="[704,798,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">n. comb</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3295281FFEAFFAE42B6DCBAAB675BCB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFEAFFAC42B6DCBAAEF25C13" blockId="1.[151,1436,1374,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC42B6DCBAAF275F83" bold="true" box="[199,315,1483,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Remarks.</emphasis>
When
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC43EDDCBAAD1E5F83" author="Schweitzer C. E. &amp; Artal P. &amp; Van Bakel B. &amp; Jagt J. W. M. &amp; Karasawa, H." box="[412,770,1483,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="278 - 295" refId="ref8010" refString="Schweitzer C. E., Artal P., Van Bakel B., Jagt J. W. M., Karasawa, H. (2007) Revision of the genus Titanocarcinus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) with two new genera and one new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27 (2), 278 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / S- 2713.1" type="journal article" year="2007">
Schweitzer
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4056DCBAAC7C5F83" box="[551,608,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">et al</emphasis>
. (2007: 293)
</bibRefCitation>
erected
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4100DCBAAA085F83" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[881,1044,1483,1509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4100DCBAAA085F83" box="[881,1044,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they noted that it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC42E6DC9EAF255C6F" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,313,1519,1545]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC42E6DC9EAF255C6F" box="[151,313,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly in the carapace being proportionally much wider than long with the surface covered with coarse granules (versus carapace proportionally narrower, with many sharp spines on the dorsal surface), and the frontal margin being armed with three spines on each side of the median notch (versus with two supplementary spines).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFEAFFAF42B6DF0EAEEB5BCB" blockId="1.[151,1436,1374,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
Whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4347DF0EAFC55CFF" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[310,473,1663,1689]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4347DF0EAFC55CFF" box="[310,473,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dorsal appearance reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC41B2DF0EAA795CFF" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[963,1125,1663,1689]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC41B2DF0EAA795CFF" box="[963,1125,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially in the spinose ornamentation of the carapace and pereopods, these similarities are only superficial. A detailed study of the present material shows that there are significant differences between
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4126DFB6ADE65C87" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[855,1018,1735,1761]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4126DFB6ADE65C87" box="[855,1018,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4644DFB6AACB5C87" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1077,1239,1735,1761]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4644DFB6AACB5C87" box="[1077,1239,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that demonstrate they are not closely related: (i) the posterior carapace margin is smooth and entire in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC46F2DF9AAB3A5D63" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[1155,1318,1771,1797]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC46F2DF9AAB3A5D63" box="[1155,1318,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFEAFFAC4748DF9AAB885D63" box="[1337,1428,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) (versus posterior carapace margin with a submarginal groove in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC4114DE7EAA1B5D4F" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[869,1031,1807,1833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4114DE7EAA1B5D4F" box="[869,1031,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC4667DE7EAAFD5D4F" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[1046,1249,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="607 - 626" refId="ref7340" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2020) A new family and superfamily for the southern giant crab of Australia, Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 40 (5), 607 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruaa 058" type="journal article" year="2020">Ng &amp; Davie 2020</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3B); (ii) the sternopleonal cavity of
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFEAFFAC43D2DE42AC5A5D2B" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[419,582,1843,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC43D2DE42AC5A5D2B" box="[419,582,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is deep and narrow, with the anterior lateral margins of the cavity angular, sloped, with edges granulated, reaching anteriorly beyond the level of the midlength of the P1 coxae (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFEAFFAC4769DE26AB845D17" box="[1304,1432,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Figs. 2B, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFEAFFAC42E6DE0AAEA45DF3" box="[151,184,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">3C</figureCitation>
) (versus sternopleonal cavity relatively shallower, smooth, barely reaching anteriorly to level of the anterior edges of the P1 coxae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC43D7DEEEAC745DDF" author="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[422,616,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="123 - 141" refId="ref6355" refString="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2000) A revision of the spiny crabs of the genus Hypothalassia Gistel, 1848 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eriphiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 48 (1), 123 - 141." type="journal article" year="2000">Koh &amp; Ng 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 4a, b, 7b;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFEAFFAC4157DEEEADE45DDF" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[806,1016,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" pagination="607 - 626" refId="ref7340" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2020) A new family and superfamily for the southern giant crab of Australia, Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 40 (5), 607 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruaa 058" type="journal article" year="2020">Ng &amp; Davie 2020</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6B, H); (iii) the thoracic suture 3/
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<emphasis id="B947DD18FFEAFFAC4295DEB2AF9B5DBB" box="[228,391,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
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is only visible laterally and is interrupted medially (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFEAFFAC4199DEB2AA705DBB" box="[1000,1132,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Figs. 2B, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFEAFFAC4608DEB2AA875DBB" box="[1145,1179,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">3C</figureCitation>
) (suture distinct, deep and complete in
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<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4326D9E6AFE55AD7" box="[343,505,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4078D9E6ACC55AD7" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[521,729,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="607 - 626" refId="ref7340" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2020) A new family and superfamily for the southern giant crab of Australia, Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 40 (5), 607 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruaa 058" type="journal article" year="2020">Ng &amp; Davie 2020</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6B); (iv) the sternal tubercle of the male pleonal locking mechanism is on the proximal edge of sternite 5, adjacent to suture with sternite 4 (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF4625D9CAAAC45AB3" box="[1108,1240,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figs. 3E–G</figureCitation>
) (versus tubercle on distal edge of sternite 5 adjacent to suture with sternite
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<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4111D9AEAA1E5A9F" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[864,1026,223,249]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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;
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: fig. 7B); (v) the proximal margin of the male telson is distinctly narrower than somite 6 (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF41A2D872AA2B5B7B" box="[979,1079,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF4635D872AA7F5B7B" box="[1092,1123,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">3F</figureCitation>
) (versus male telson wider, with the proximal margin as wide as the distal margin of somite
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;
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: fig. 6H); and (vi) the male pleon of
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</taxonomicName>
has the somites 3–5 distinctly fused, with the sutures separating them shallow (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF42EED81EAF1E5BEF" box="[159,258,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF437CD81EAF2C5BEF" box="[269,304,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">3D</figureCitation>
) (versus somites 3–5 completely free in
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<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4089D81EAD865BEF" box="[760,922,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF41D8D81EAADE5BEF" author="Davie, P. J. F. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[937,1218,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1049 - 1130" refId="ref5364" refString="Davie, P. J. F., Guinot, D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2015 b) Systematics and classification of Brachyura. In: Castro, P., Davie, P. J. F., Guinot, D., Schram, F. R. &amp; von Vaupel Klein, J. C. (Eds.), Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Crustacea. Vol. 9. Part C-I. Decapoda: Brachyura. Part 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1049 - 1130. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004190832 _ 021" type="book chapter" year="2015">
Davie
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4182D81EAA385BEF" box="[1011,1060,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
. 2015b: 1079
</bibRefCitation>
;
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, fig. 6H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFE9FFAF42B6D8C6AF895E53" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
The anteriorly positioned sternopleonal cavity, which reaches well into sternite 4 to a level between the coxae of the chelipeds, is a character not typical of eriphioids and not observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF41A6D8AAAA655B93" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[983,1145,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF41A6D8AAAA655B93" box="[983,1145,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF46A5D8AAAB855B93" authorityName="Karasawa &amp; Schweitzer" authorityYear="2006" box="[1236,1433,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hypothalassiidae</taxonomicName>
. All families of the
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have the sternal tubercle of the male pleonal locking mechanism usually on the posterior part of sternite 5, adjacent to suture 5/6 (as in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF417DDB52ADCE585B" authorityName="Karasawa &amp; Schweitzer" authorityYear="2006" box="[780,978,547,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hypothalassiidae</taxonomicName>
), with in some families on the middle of sternite 5 (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4342DB36AC1C5807" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[307,512,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="607 - 626" refId="ref7340" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2020) A new family and superfamily for the southern giant crab of Australia, Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 40 (5), 607 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jcbiol / ruaa 058" type="journal article" year="2020">Ng &amp; Davie 2020</bibRefCitation>
: table 1). This is in sharp contrast to that of
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, which has the tubercle more anterior in position, adjacent to suture 4/5. Most significantly, male pleonal somites 3–5 are clearly fused, even though the sutures between them are shallow and just visible (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF4112DBFEADA358CF" box="[867,959,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). This is almost identical to the condition observed in xanthid genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4057DBC2AD2258AB" authority="Ward, 1932" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1932" box="[550,830,691,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Neoxanthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4057DBC2ACAE58AB" box="[550,690,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Neoxanthias</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF40C8DBC2AD2258AB" author="Ward, M." box="[697,830,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="237 - 255" refId="ref8589" refString="Ward, M. (1932) The true crabs of the Capricorn Group, Queensland (class Crustacea, order Decapoda Brachyura). Part 1. Xanthidae. Australian Zoologist, 7 (3), 237 - 255." type="journal article" year="1932">Ward, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4138DBC2AA9B58AB" authority="Stevcic, 2005" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2005" box="[841,1159,690,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Ladomedaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4138DBC2ADF958AB" box="[841,997,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Ladomedaeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF419DDBC5AA9B58AB" author="Stevcic, Z." box="[1004,1159,690,719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref8214" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica, 14 (1), 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčič, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF46E2DBC2AECE5897" authority="Takeda, 1973" authorityName="Takeda" authorityYear="1973" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Glyptocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF46E2DBC2AB2358AB" box="[1171,1343,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Glyptocarcinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4734DBC2AECE5897" author="Takeda, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref8351" refString="Takeda, M. (1973) A new genus and a new species of the Parthenopidae from the sea off the Ogasawara lslands (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin of the National Science Museum of Tokyo, 16 (1), 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="1973">Takeda, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF42ADDBA6AC205897" authority="Ng &amp; Chia, 1994" authorityName="Ng &amp; Chia" authorityYear="1994" box="[220,572,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Antrocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF42ADDBA6AF665897" box="[220,378,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Antrocarcinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF430EDBA6AC205897" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B." box="[383,572,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="701 - 730" refId="ref7272" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">Ng &amp; Chia, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF401EDBA6ADCC5897" authority="Ng &amp; Chia, 1994" authorityName="Ng &amp; Chia" authorityYear="1994" box="[623,976,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Cyrtocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF401EDBA6AD125897" box="[623,782,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Cyrtocarcinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4162DBA6ADCC5897" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B." box="[787,976,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="701 - 730" refId="ref7272" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">
Ng &amp; Chia,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in which the sutures demarcating somites 3–5 are visible to varying degrees but the somites are nevertheless immovably fused (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4609DB8AAB2E5973" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B." box="[1144,1330,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="701 - 730" refId="ref7272" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">Ng &amp; Chia 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF474CDB8AAF76595F" author="Manuel-Santos, M. R. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="177 - 185" refId="ref6943" refString="Manuel-Santos, M. R. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2007) On the genus Ladomedaeus Stevcic, 2005, from the Philippines and Japan, and the status of the Ladomedaeidae Stevcic, 2005 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 16, 177 - 185." type="journal article" year="2007">Manuel-Santos &amp; Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4386DA6EAC86595F" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[503,666,799,825]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4386DA6EAC86595F" box="[503,666,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be an eriphioid, a group in which all the male pleonal somites are freely articulating. The lateral walls of the carapace are not well preserved, but
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF465BDA32AAD1593B" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[1066,1229,835,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF465BDA32AAD1593B" box="[1066,1229,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not appear to have any pleurites (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF4302DA16AFEB59E7" box="[371,503,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[177,1410,181,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–G, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (NE Italy). A, B, D–F, male, MSNVE-27378: A, view of sub-cephalic region; B, view of endostomial region; D, detail of pleon; E–G, detail and close-up of ‘press-button’, male pleonal locking mechanism. C, male, MSNVE-27377, detail of anterior part of sternum. Abbreviations, aa: basal antennular article; ab: basal antennal article; en: endostome; ep; epistome; er: endostomial ridge; ex: exopod of third maxilliped; is: ischium of third maxilliped; mxp3: third maxilliped; P1: first pereopod; pb: ‘press-button’; s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figs. 3D, E</figureCitation>
), and that again is the usual condition for xanthoids. In addition, in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4683DA16AB8959E7" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[1266,1429,871,897]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4683DA16AB8959E7" box="[1266,1429,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the carapace is distinctly more ovate (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF4036DAFAACB059C3" box="[583,684,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,450,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-153@3.[177,1411,450,1738]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), holotype, MSNVE-25083, from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A, dorsal view; B, frontal view. Scale bar = 10 mm (pictures by G. Tessier)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF40C8DAFAACC159C3" box="[697,733,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">2A</figureCitation>
) (versus more hexagonal in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4653DAFAAAD859C3" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1058,1220,907,933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4653DAFAAAD859C3" box="[1058,1220,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF46A5DAFAAB8459C3" author="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[1236,1432,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="123 - 141" refId="ref6355" refString="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2000) A revision of the spiny crabs of the genus Hypothalassia Gistel, 1848 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eriphiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 48 (1), 123 - 141." type="journal article" year="2000">Koh &amp; Ng, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1a, b, 2a, b, 3, 6a, b), and the cervical grooves reach more posteriorly to below the middle part of the carapace in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF42C5DAA2AF4B598B" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[180,343,979,1005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF42C5DAA2AF4B598B" box="[180,343,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the branchiocardiac grooves deep and distinct (
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF41C1DAA2AA08598B" box="[944,1044,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,450,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-153@3.[177,1411,450,1738]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), holotype, MSNVE-25083, from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A, dorsal view; B, frontal view. Scale bar = 10 mm (pictures by G. Tessier)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13081D8FFFE9FFAF4651DAA2AA58598B" box="[1056,1092,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@4.[177,1410,322,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F, Lathahypossia aculeata (Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin, 1984), from the Middle Eocene of the Cava Main, Arzignano (northeast Italy). A–E, male, MSNVE-27378: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, D, posterior view; E, right lateral view. F, male, MSNVE-27377, ventral view. Abbreviations, s: pleonal somites; st: thoracic sternites; t: telson. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8391503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8391503/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">2A</figureCitation>
) (versus cervical grooves only reach to the median part of the carapace, with the branchiocardiac grooves very shallow in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF46ECDA86AB235E77" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1181,1343,1015,1041]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF46ECDA86AB235E77" box="[1181,1343,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF473EDA86AEE05E53" author="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="123 - 141" refId="ref6355" refString="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2000) A revision of the spiny crabs of the genus Hypothalassia Gistel, 1848 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eriphiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 48 (1), 123 - 141." type="journal article" year="2000">Koh &amp; Ng 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1–3, 6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFE9FFAF42B6DD4EACD95D2B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
In conclusion, all the characters point to
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF40EFDD4EAD5D5E3F" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[670,833,1087,1113]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF40EFDD4EAD5D5E3F" box="[670,833,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4629DD4EAAD75E3F" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1112,1227,1087,1113]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xanthidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF46A4DD4EAB785E3E" box="[1237,1380,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sensu stricto</emphasis>
, and not
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF42B4DD12AF965E1B" authorityName="Karasawa &amp; Schweitzer" authorityYear="2006" box="[197,394,1123,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hypothalassiidae</taxonomicName>
. As for the two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF40B2DD12AD7A5E1B" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[707,870,1123,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF40B2DD12AD7A5E1B" box="[707,870,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently recognized,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF461BDD12AAF65E1B" baseAuthorityName="Busulini, Tessier &amp; Visentin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1130,1258,1123,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeata">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF461BDD12AAF65E1B" box="[1130,1258,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">L. aculeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is superficially similar to some species of Pilumnoidea, which has already been pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4658DDF6AB845EC7" author="Beschin, C. &amp; De Angeli, A." box="[1065,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="13 - 22" refId="ref5012" refString="Beschin, C. &amp; De Angeli, A. (2004) Nuovi brachiuri eocenici dei Monti Lessini vicentini (Italia nordorientale). Studi e Ricerche - Associazione Amici del Museo - Museo Civico &quot; G. Zannato &quot;, 11, 13 - 22." type="journal article" year="2004">Beschin &amp; De Angeli (2004: 20</bibRefCitation>
, 21): the carapace is dorsally vaulted with spinose frontal and anterolateral margins, and strongly spinose chelae, features that resemble extant pilumnid species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF417FDDBEAA745E8F" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" box="[782,1128,1231,1257]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dofleini">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF417FDDBEADCB5E8F" box="[782,983,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pilumnus dofleini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4191DDBEAA745E8F" author="Balss, H." box="[992,1128,1231,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref4825" refString="Balss, H. (1933) Beitrage zur kenntnis Gattung Pilumnus und verwandter Gattungen. Capita Zoologica, 4 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1933">Balss, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4604DDBEAB805E8F" authority="Ng, 2000" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="2000" box="[1141,1436,1231,1257]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthosoma">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4604DDBEAB345E8F" box="[1141,1320,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">P. acanthosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4743DDBEAB805E8F" author="Ng, P. K. L." box="[1330,1436,1231,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="301 - 306" refId="ref7193" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (2000) The Indo-Pacific Pilumnidae XIII. Description of a new species, Pilumnus acanthosoma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan and the South China Sea, with notes on P. dofleini Balss, 1933. Zoological Studies, 39 (4), 301 - 306. [http: // scholarbank. nus. edu. sg / handle / 10635 / 101944]" type="journal article" year="2000">Ng, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF42B8DD82AC4F5F6B" authority="Komai &amp; Motoh, 2012" authorityName="Komai &amp; Motoh" authorityYear="2012" box="[201,595,1267,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF42B8DD82AF5E5F6A" box="[201,322,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">P. armatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF433ADD82AC4F5F6B" author="Komai, T. &amp; Motoh, H." box="[331,595,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref6410" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Motoh, H. (2012) The identity of Pilumnus dofleini Balss, 1933 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Western Pacific. Zootaxa, 3305 (1), 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3305.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Komai &amp; Motoh, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Indo-Pacific, and American taxa such as
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF46EFDD82AECE5F57" authority="Rathbun, 1923" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1923" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="townsendi">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF46EFDD82AB325F6B" box="[1182,1326,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">P. townsendi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4747DD82AECE5F57" author="Rathbun, M. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="619 - 637" refId="ref7669" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1923) Scientific results of the expedition to the Gulf of California in charge of C. H. Townsend, by the U. S. Fisheries steamship ' Albatross, ' in 1911. Commander G. H. Burrage, U. S. N., Commanding XIII. The brachyuran crabs collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer ' Albatross' in 1911, chiefly on the west coast of Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 48, 619 - 637." type="journal article" year="1923">Rathbun, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF42ACDC66AC6C5F57" authority="(Lockington, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Lockington" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[221,624,1303,1329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinohirsutus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF42ACDC66AF935F57" box="[221,399,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">P. spinohirsutus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF43EDDC66AC755F57" author="Lockington, W. N." box="[412,617,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="28 - 36" refId="ref6691" refString="Lockington, W. N. (1877) Remarks of the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast, with descriptions of some New Species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 7 (1), 28 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27534" type="journal article" year="1877">Lockington, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF400DDC66ADC25F57" authority="Rathbun, 1898" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1898" box="[636,990,1303,1329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF400DDC66AD2C5F56" box="[636,816,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">P. spinosissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4146DC66ADC25F57" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[823,990,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="250 - 294" refId="ref7621" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1898) The Brachyura of the biological expedition to the Florida Keys and the Bahamas in 1893. Bulletin of the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 4 (3), 250 - 294." type="journal article" year="1898">Rathbun, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4669DC66AB165F57" authority="Rathbun, 1897" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1897" box="[1048,1290,1303,1329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayi">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4669DC66AA7C5F56" box="[1048,1120,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">P. sayi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4617DC66AB165F57" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[1126,1290,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="153 - 167" refId="ref7577" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1897) A revision of the nomenclature of the Brachyura. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 11, 153 - 167. [https: // biostor. org / reference / 3347]" type="journal article" year="1897">Rathbun, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF474CDC66AECF5F33" author="Rathbun, M. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref7769" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1930) The cancroid crabs of America. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 152, i - xvi + 1 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.152. i" type="journal article" year="1930">Rathbun 1930</bibRefCitation>
: text-fig. 79, pls. 201 figs. 4–7, 203, 204 figs. 1, 2;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4148DC4AADBD5F33" author="Ng, P. K. L." box="[825,929,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="301 - 306" refId="ref7193" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (2000) The Indo-Pacific Pilumnidae XIII. Description of a new species, Pilumnus acanthosoma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan and the South China Sea, with notes on P. dofleini Balss, 1933. Zoological Studies, 39 (4), 301 - 306. [http: // scholarbank. nus. edu. sg / handle / 10635 / 101944]" type="journal article" year="2000">Ng 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 3, 4a;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4647DC4AAB225F33" author="Komai, T. &amp; Motoh, H." box="[1078,1342,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref6410" refString="Komai, T. &amp; Motoh, H. (2012) The identity of Pilumnus dofleini Balss, 1933 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Western Pacific. Zootaxa, 3305 (1), 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3305.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Komai &amp; Motoh 2012</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1, 8). These pilumnids, however, are all quite small, with a carapace width less than
<quantity id="4CCBACEFFFE9FFAF4611DC2EAAA95F1F" box="[1120,1205,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
. More significantly, all pilumnoids have male pleonal somites 3–5 completely free. The eriphiids,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4667DCF2AB805FFB" authority="(Forskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1046,1436,1410,1437]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eriphiidae" genus="Eriphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4667DCF2AAF85FFA" box="[1046,1252,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Eriphia verrucosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4684DCF3AB885FFB" author="Forskal, P." box="[1269,1428,1410,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref5901" refString="Forskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskal. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Molleri, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 19 + XXXIV + 164 pp., 1 map. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2154" type="book" year="1775">Forskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(from the Mediterranean Sea) and
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF406BDCD6ADB65FA7" authority="(Stimpson, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[538,938,1447,1473]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eriphiidae" genus="Eriphides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF406BDCD6ACFC5FA7" box="[538,736,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Eriphides hispida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF409EDCD6ADBE5FA7" author="Stimpson, W." box="[751,930,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="176 - 246" refId="ref8285" refString="Stimpson, W. (1860) Notes on North American Crustacea, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, No. II. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7 (12 - 16), 176 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00153. x" type="journal article" year="1860">Stimpson, 1860</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(North America), are also similarly spinose, but the spines on their chelae are not as long and their carapace shape is distinctly more trapezoidal (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF474CDCBAAECF5C6F" author="Rathbun, M. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref7769" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1930) The cancroid crabs of America. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 152, i - xvi + 1 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.152. i" type="journal article" year="1930">Rathbun 1930</bibRefCitation>
: pls. 225, 226;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF43FDDC9EAC4D5C6F" author="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[396,593,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="327 - 355" refId="ref6282" refString="Koh, S. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2008) A revision of the shore crabs of the genus Eriphia Latreille, 1817 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eriphiiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 56 (2), 327 - 355. [https: // scholarbank. nus. edu. sg / handle / 10635 / 99954]" type="journal article" year="2008">Koh &amp; Ng 2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). The very spinose carapace and chelipeds of
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF46B0DC9EAB785C6F" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[1217,1380,1519,1545]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF46B0DC9EAB785C6F" box="[1217,1380,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resemble the poorly known
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF43A4DF62AD2D5C4B" authority="Garth, 1986" authorityName="Garth" authorityYear="1986" box="[469,817,1555,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF43A4DF62AC835C4B" box="[469,671,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pilumnus palmeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF40D6DF62AD2D5C4B" author="Garth, J. S." box="[679,817,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref5974" refString="Garth, J. S. (1986) New species of xanthid crabs from early Hancock expeditions. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, New Series, 4, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1986">Garth, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F324419AFFE9FFAF410CDF62ADC05C4B" box="[893,988,1555,1581]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, for which
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF462FDF65AB1F5C4B" author="Stevcic, Z." box="[1118,1283,1555,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="125 - 139" refId="ref8246" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2011) Addition to the reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Part I. New taxa. Natura Croatica, 20 (1), 125 - 139" type="journal article" year="2011">Števčić (2011)</bibRefCitation>
established a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4351DF46AFC45C37" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2011" box="[288,472,1591,1617]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eriphiidae" genus="Garthopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4351DF46AFC45C37" box="[288,472,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Garthopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and new family
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF40D3DF46AD6D5C37" authorityName="Števčić" authorityYear="2011" box="[674,881,1591,1617]" class="Malacostraca" family="Garthopilumnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Garthopilumnidae</taxonomicName>
, even though he did not examine the specimens.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF42E6DF2AAF945C13" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[151,392,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref7413" refString="Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 17, 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF42B3DF2AAEE85C13" box="[194,244,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">et al</emphasis>
. (2008: 142)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF43B0DF2AACC85C13" author="Poore, G. C. B. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[449,724,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refId="ref7524" refString="Poore, G. C. B. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2023) Marine decapod Crustacea: a guide to the families and genera of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, xii + 916 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486311798" type="book" year="2023">Poore &amp; Ahyong (2023)</bibRefCitation>
opted to tentatively retain it in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF464CDF2AAADC5C13" authorityName="Samouelle" authorityYear="1819" box="[1085,1216,1627,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilumnidae</taxonomicName>
. The second author examined the material in the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History and the
<typeStatus id="5488BFA8FFE9FFAF4609DF0EAAAF5CFF" box="[1144,1203,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">types</typeStatus>
are juveniles and in poor condition. The figures of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF40FADFD2AD075CDB" author="Garth, J. S." box="[651,795,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref5974" refString="Garth, J. S. (1986) New species of xanthid crabs from early Hancock expeditions. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, New Series, 4, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1986">Garth (1986)</bibRefCitation>
are somewhat schematic and most of the sternal elements are damaged. Nevertheless, in general, the carapace shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4137DFB6AA125C87" authorityName="Garth" authorityYear="1986" box="[838,1038,1735,1761]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pilumnidae" genus="Pilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4137DFB6AA125C87" box="[838,1038,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Pilumnus palmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctly trapezoidal, the frontal margin is trilobed, the gastric regions are prominently raised and the ambulatory legs are unarmed.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE9FFAF4690DF9AAB705D63" author="Garth, J. S." box="[1249,1388,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref5974" refString="Garth, J. S. (1986) New species of xanthid crabs from early Hancock expeditions. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, New Series, 4, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1986">Garth (1986</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4) figured the male pleon as having all somites free but as his specimen is a juvenile male, the adult character state and the significance of this cannot be ascertained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFE9FFAE42B6DE26AF235B7B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF42B6DE26AC3F5D17" authorityName="Beschin, Busulini &amp; Tessier in Beschin, Busulini, Fornaciari, Papazzoni &amp; Tessier" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,547,1879,1905]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campolongensis">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF42B6DE26AC3F5D17" box="[199,547,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Hypothalassia campolongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from the Upper Eocene of Campolongo (Vicenza, northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F324419AFFE9FFAF4728DE26AB8C5D17" box="[1369,1424,1879,1905]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Italy</collectingCountry>
), is here referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF432EDE0AAC1E5DF3" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[351,514,1915,1941]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF432EDE0AAC1E5DF3" box="[351,514,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time. The species possesses a subovate, vaulted dorsal carapace surface with a spiny bilobed front that is notched medially, and spinose anterolateral margins: all features of
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE9FFAF4683DEEEAB895DDF" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[1266,1429,1951,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE9FFAF4683DEEEAB895DDF" box="[1266,1429,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It also has the same morphology of the carapace regions, which are demarcated by very shallow grooves, and the shape of the gastric process is the same. These features clearly differ from those of
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE8FFAE464DD9E6AAF85AD7" box="[1084,1252,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE464DD9E6AAFD5AD7" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1084,1249,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypothalassia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
as stated above, and excludes it from that genus. It is actually better placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE413ED9CAADEE5AB3" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[847,1010,187,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE8FFAE413ED9CAADEE5AB3" box="[847,1010,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE4622D9CAAADA5AB3" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1107,1222,187,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xanthidae</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE8FFAE4773D9CAAF585A9F" author="Beschin, C. &amp; Busulini, A. &amp; Fornaciari, E. &amp; Papazzoni, C. A. &amp; Tessier, G." pageId="3" pageNumber="268" pagination="129 - 215" refId="ref4930" refString="Beschin, C., Busulini, A., Fornaciari, E., Papazzoni, C. A. &amp; Tessier, G. (2018) La Fauna di crostacei associati a coralli dell'Eocene Superiore di Campolongo di Val Liona (Monti Berici, Vicenza, Italia Nordorientale). Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 69, 129 - 215. [https: // hdl. handle. net / 11380 / 1168468]" type="journal article" year="2018">
Beschin
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE8FFAE4715D9CAAB895AB3" box="[1380,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">et al</emphasis>
. 2018: 196–198
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 132, 133a, b). Unfortunately, the ventral surfaces and male pleonal condition of this species are not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C010AFFE8FFAE42B6D856AB675BCB" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">
Considering the extant xanthoid fauna with focus on “spiny crabs”, there are few taxa quite like
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE4683D856AB895B27" authorityName="Schweitzer, Artal, Van Bakel, Jagt &amp; Karasawa" authorityYear="2007" box="[1266,1429,295,321]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Lathahypossia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE8FFAE4683D856AB895B27" box="[1266,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Lathahypossia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE42C7D83AAF445B03" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[182,344,331,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hypothalassiidae" genus="Hypothalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE8FFAE42C7D83AAF445B03" box="[182,344,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Hypothalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for that matter. For
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE404CD83AACA25B03" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[573,702,331,357]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Xanthoidea">Xanthoidea</taxonomicName>
s. str., in which male pleonal somites 3–5 are functionally fused, the closest perhaps are the three species now in the American xanthid genus
<taxonomicName id="4C337A89FFE8FFAE4194D81EAB205BEF" authority="Lockington, 1877" authorityName="Lockington" authorityYear="1877" box="[997,1340,367,393]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Heteractaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947DD18FFE8FFAE4194D81EAA735BEE" box="[997,1135,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="268">Heteractaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE8FFAE4607D81EAB205BEF" author="Lockington, W. N." box="[1142,1340,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" pagination="28 - 36" refId="ref6691" refString="Lockington, W. N. (1877) Remarks of the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast, with descriptions of some New Species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 7 (1), 28 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27534" type="journal article" year="1877">Lockington, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but they are also relatively small crabs with a carapace width less than
<quantity id="4CCBACEFFFE8FFAE413ED8E2AD825BCB" box="[847,926,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA27CFBFFE8FFAE41A3D8E2AA685BCB" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[978,1140,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref7769" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1930) The cancroid crabs of America. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 152, i - xvi + 1 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.152. i" type="journal article" year="1930">Rathbun 1930</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 212 fig. 6, pl. 213).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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