238 lines
26 KiB
XML
238 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="4A745A6DC51F6C5E46D5FCAAE345DF4B" ID-CLB-Dataset="5822" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51eea930-5f0d-43f6-8e03-3093edf36cd7" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4712338" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619135562207" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR & GRIMALDI, DAVID" docDate="2004" docId="039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2004.3433.1-76.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3433 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Synapha Meigen 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFA3FFB1FF80FF9FFFB0FFB9FFA1FFC4" masterDocTitle="Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698937439063" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD03F2187A0A4C452F9A49B8FD18EBA8">
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<mods:title id="E2E634822701DC1AB8FC80FEF30CA96C">Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A6322E8D8387CBDEF2A4FF3B8F6B4AC">BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA1D2026B6157A28CE4003622C8DD2DB">GRIMALDI, DAVID</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1681296F6BF880992D9C34227FAD23B5">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="85FF9E4996D98469459710C5621D676B">
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<mods:date id="84F09A4040757FE0E1B8806F9452BDFA">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="060E41F8FD525064433823D941E48680">2004-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="332FA28CDBB277939BABFA50BA4C91D8">3433</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="1915EB3AAC1FF38CE94D061D1FAB52E6">http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="EA53E0C89DE28F18AE51AD431828209A" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="80374FCFCF17438372CC904DBB81B495" type="Zenodo-Dep">4712338</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5060585" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183235902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5060585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FDAAFD23" box="[250,523,720,743]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF4AFD69FDAAFD23" blockId="27.[250,523,720,743]" box="[250,523,720,743]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0C481B3FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FDAAFD23" box="[250,523,720,743]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FF4AFD69FDAAFD23" ID-CoL="7QZQ" ID-ENA="608698" authority="Meigen, 1818" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[250,523,720,743]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FF4AFD69FEFFFD23" box="[250,350,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synapha</emphasis>
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Meigen, 1818
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FFCBFD43FE1FFC80" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FFCBFD43FE11FCCA" blockId="27.[123,573,761,836]" box="[123,432,761,783]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FFCBFD43FE0DFCCA" ID-CoL="7QZQ" authority="Meigen, 1818: 227" authorityName="Meigen" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1818" box="[123,428,761,783]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FFCBFD43FF74FCCB" box="[123,213,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synapha</emphasis>
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Meigen, 1818: 227
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FFCBFCADFE1FFC80" blockId="27.[123,573,761,836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FFCBFCADFE0EFCED" authority="Rondani, 1856: 196" authorityName="Rondani" authorityPageNumber="196" authorityYear="1856" box="[123,431,788,809]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Sinapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FFCBFCADFF70FCED" box="[123,209,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sinapha</emphasis>
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Rondani, 1856: 196
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</taxonomicName>
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, misspelling.
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FFCBFC96FE1BFC80" authority="Winnertz, 1863: 762" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityPageNumber="762" authorityYear="1863" box="[123,442,815,836]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Empalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FFCBFC96FF75FC80" box="[123,212,815,836]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Empalia</emphasis>
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Winnertz, 1863: 762
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FF28FCEEFF77FBDA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF28FCEEFF77FBDA" blockId="27.[123,652,855,1465]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">DIAGNOSIS: As given by Freeman (1951): Setae on stems and forks of both M and Cu present, flagellomere lengths not more than width, Sc long, penultimate palpomere short er than apical and antepenultimate ones, laterotergites bare or setose, midtibial organ present.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FF28FB9DFE92FB9D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF28FB9DFE92FB9D" blockId="27.[123,652,855,1465]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<typeStatus id="5488887DFF9BFF84FF28FB9DFF70FBFF" box="[152,209,1060,1083]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FEE0FB9DFD2BFBFF" authority="Meigen, 1818" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[336,650,1060,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Sinapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FEE0FB9DFE73FBFF" box="[336,466,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. fasciata</emphasis>
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Meigen, 1818
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</taxonomicName>
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(by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FF28FBE6FE56F9CB" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF28FBE6FE51FA7D" blockId="27.[123,652,855,1465]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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COMMENTS: About 25 extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FFCBFBC5FF7EFB57" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[123,223,1148,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FFCBFBC5FF7EFB57" box="[123,223,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are known from all biogeographic regions. Two fossil species of the genus were described from Eocene Baltic amber (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FDFAFB0EFF5BFB2F" author="Meunier, F." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref36251" refString="Meunier, F. 1904. Monographie des Cecidomyidae, des Sciaridae, des Mycetophilidae et des Chironomidae de l'ambre de la Baltique. Brussels, 264 pp." type="book" year="1904">Meunier, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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) and the Lower Cretaceous of Montsec,
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<collectingCountry id="F324764FFF9BFF84FF43FB4BFE94FACD" box="[243,309,1266,1289]" name="Spain" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(Blagoderov and Martínez Delclós, 2001). The related genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FDACFAB6FEDCFA87" authority="Tonnoir, 1929" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Austrosynapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FDACFAB6FF65FA87" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Austrosynapha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FF63FA95FEDCFA87" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[211,381,1324,1347]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="584 - 614" refId="ref37103" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. 1929. Australian Mycetophilidae. Synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 54: 584 - 614." type="journal article" year="1929">Tonnoir, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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has 23 species from South America, which were cataloged by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FDD4FAF3FE9BFABA" author="Papavero, N." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref36638" refString="Papavero, N. 1977 b. Family Mycetophilidae. A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 19 E: 1 - 78. Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo." type="book" year="1977">Papavero (1977b)</bibRefCitation>
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; 7 occur in
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<collectingCountry id="F324764FFF9BFF84FE56FADEFD2DFABA" box="[486,652,1383,1406]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FF32FA3DFE46FA5F" author="Tonnoir, A. L. & F. W. Edwards" box="[130,487,1412,1435]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="747 - 878" refId="ref37134" refString="Tonnoir, A. L., and F. W. Edwards. 1927. New Zealand fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 57: 747 - 878, pls. 58 - 80." type="journal article" year="1927">Tonnoir and Edwards, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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) and one is from
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<collectingCountry id="F324764FFF9BFF84FF0DFA1BFE89FA7D" box="[189,296,1442,1465]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FE89FA1BFE45FA7D" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[313,484,1442,1465]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="584 - 614" refId="ref37103" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. 1929. Australian Mycetophilidae. Synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 54: 584 - 614." type="journal article" year="1929">Tonnoir, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF0BFA62FDE0FA36" blockId="27.[187,577,1499,1523]" box="[187,577,1499,1523]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FF0BFA62FE08FA37" bold="true" box="[187,425,1499,1523]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FF0BFA62FE03FA37" authority="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI, 2004" authorityName="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2004" box="[187,418,1499,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longistyla" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FF0BFA62FE03FA37" bold="true" box="[187,418,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synapha longistyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27457B6FF9BFF84FE03FA62FDE0FA36" box="[435,577,1499,1522]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FEBEFA45FE56F9CB" blockId="27.[270,503,1529,1552]" box="[270,503,1529,1552]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0C481B3FF9BFF84FEBEFA45FE56F9CB" box="[270,503,1529,1552]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="13082A5AFF9BFF84FEBEFA45FE36F9CB" box="[270,407,1532,1551]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="26.[150,198,1130,1151]" captionTargetBox="[137,1220,186,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-15@26.[133,1221,186,1109]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs. 31–34. Apolephthisa and Synapha. 31. A. bulunensis, n.sp., holotype PIN 3963/4, reconstruction of wing venation. 32. Male genitalia. 33. S. longistyla, n.sp., holotype MCZC 6944, reconstruction of wing venation. 34. Male genitalia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4712367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4712367/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figures 33, 34</figureCitation>
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, Plate 3F
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FF28F99DFE99F957" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF28F99DFE99F957" blockId="27.[123,651,1572,1742]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from living and fossil members by the structure of genitalia, having gonostyli very long and with numerous inner spurs.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FF28F920FD57FCF2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FF28F920FD57FCF2" blockId="27.[123,651,1572,1742]" lastBlockId="27.[699,1228,193,1629]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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DESCRIPTION: Body length =
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3AFF9BFF84FDA2F920FD26F974" box="[530,647,1689,1712]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.15">2.15 mm</quantity>
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; wing length =
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3AFF9BFF84FE84F90FFE03F909" box="[308,418,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.58">1.58 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FE00F90FFE53F90A" bold="true" box="[432,498,1718,1742]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Head</emphasis>
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round. Eyes large, rounded, with round facets. Flagellum 14segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, length of each about 1.5Χ its width. Two palpomeres seen. Penultimate 0.7Χ length of apical one, which is slender and flexible.
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FD0BFEEBFC81FEAE" bold="true" box="[699,800,338,362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Scutum irregularly setose. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare.
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FBE1FED6FB3FFE43" bold="true" box="[1105,1182,367,391]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Wing:</emphasis>
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R
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF9BFF84FB72FEC5FB6AFE4E" attach="left" box="[1218,1227,380,394]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">1</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF9BFF84FCB1FE20FCABFE63" attach="left" box="[769,778,409,423]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">5</subScript>
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almost straight, with setae, remaining veins bare, except apex of M, a few setae present on M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF9BFF84FCE7FE6BFCC1FE24" attach="left" box="[855,864,466,480]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">2</subScript>
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and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF9BFF84FC62FE6BFC7AFE24" attach="left" box="[978,987,466,480]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">1</subScript>
|
||
dorsally. Length ratio of sections RS1, RS2, and RS3 is 1:1.4: 13. Crossvein
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FCD3FDB9FC2CFDD3" box="[867,909,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">rm</emphasis>
|
||
slightly sigmoid, its length 2Χ length of M3 section. Base of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF9BFF84FBCCFD90FB3AFDF3" attach="left" box="[1148,1179,553,567]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3+4</subScript>
|
||
absent, the vein originates at level of M3 midpoint. CuA and M
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF9BFF84FC22FDDBFC10FDB4" attach="left" box="[914,945,610,624]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3+4</subScript>
|
||
gently curved caudally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FD0BFDCBFD5FFD4E" bold="true" box="[699,766,626,650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Midtibial organ absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FBE2FDCBFB6AFD4E" bold="true" box="[1106,1227,626,650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
with 6 visible segments, 7th and 8th segments small and retractable. Gonocoxites fused. Gonostyli long, straight, with numerous stiff spines arranged in rows on inner surface and several dark, curved ones at base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FD68FC85FB94FCB4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FD68FC85FB94FCB4" blockId="27.[699,1228,193,1629]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C82FF9BFF84FD68FC85FB94FCB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313181338" country="Canada" location="Cedar Lake" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manitoba" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
MATERIAL:
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887DFF9BFF84FCD3FC85FC6EFC97" box="[867,975,828,851]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MCZC 6944, male,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764FFF9BFF84FD0BFCE0FCB6FCB4" box="[699,791,857,880]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F7F83DFF9BFF84FC94FCE0FC37FCB4" box="[804,918,857,880]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEC6004FF9BFF84FC14FCE0FB90FCB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999:8EEC6004FF9BFF84FC14FCE0FB90FCB4" box="[932,1073,857,880]" country="Canada" name="Cedar Lake" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Manitoba">Cedar Lake</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FD68FCCFFBE6FC6E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FD68FCCFFBE6FC6E" blockId="27.[699,1228,193,1629]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet refers to the long gonostyli of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3296554FF9BFF84FD68FC16FB16F999" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF9BFF84FD68FC16FB16F999" blockId="27.[699,1228,193,1629]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
COMMENTS: This species lacks distinct synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FCCDFC75FC40FC27" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[893,993,972,995]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FCCDFC75FC40FC27" box="[893,993,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., midtibial sensory organ and short gonostyli) as well as strong setae on the medial and cubital forks. The fossil has moderately long flagellomeres and subequal palpomeres, considered to be synapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FC14FBE5FBF3FBB7" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1929" box="[932,1106,1116,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Austrosynapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FC14FBE5FBF3FBB7" box="[932,1106,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Austrosynapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see table 2). Long, slender gonostyli, which are characteristic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FCE9FB2FFBA6FB69" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1929" box="[857,1031,1174,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Austrosynapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FCE9FB2FFBA6FB69" box="[857,1031,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Austrosynapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many other Mesozoic fungus gnats, is considered to be plesiomorphic. Most likely, the new species together with the Lower Cretaceous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FBD7FB55FD59FAF9" authority="Blagoderov and Martinez-Delclos, 2001" authorityName="Blagoderov and Martinez-Delclos" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FBD7FB55FCA7FAE4" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. rubiesensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FCA2FAB0FD59FAF9" author="Blagoderov, V. A. & X. Martinez-Delclos" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="63 - 67" refId="ref34513" refString="Blagoderov, V. A., and X. Martinez-Delclos. 2001. Two new fungus gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Geobios 34 (1): 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Blagoderov and MartínezDelclós, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent a
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FC2FFA9FFB6AFAF9" box="[927,1227,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SynaphaAustrosynapha</emphasis>
|
||
stem group, although monophyly of the group and included genera is still to be established.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FC86FAC5FC7AFA57" author="Matile, L." box="[822,987,1404,1427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="233 - 250" refId="ref35936" refString="Matile, L. 1991. Dipteres Mycetophiloidea de Nouvelle-Caledonie. 4. Mycetophilidae Mycomyinae, Sciophilinae et Gnoristinae. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Serie A Zoologie 149: 233 - 250." type="journal article" year="1991">Matile (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FBD7FAC5FB6AFA57" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[1127,1227,1404,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Synapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FBD7FAC5FB6AFA57" box="[1127,1227,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Synapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably polyphyletic. The definition of both genera is vague, and often characters of different subgroups overlap. For example, species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FCFFFA49FCC0F9C3" box="[847,865,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FC36FA49FBCAF9C3" authorityName="Duret" authorityYear="1980" box="[902,1131,1520,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paraaustrosynapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FC36FA49FBCAF9C3" box="[902,1131,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paraaustrosynapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Duret have short flagellomeres, while species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FB02F9B5FB65F9E7" box="[1202,1220,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF9BFF84FD74F990FC3FF984" authorityName="Duret" authorityYear="1980" box="[708,926,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Neoaustrosynapha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF9BFF84FD74F990FC3FF984" box="[708,926,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Neoaustrosynapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Duret retain some macrotrichia on the medial fork (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF9BFF84FBA7F9FFFB0BF999" author="Duret, J. P." box="[1047,1194,1606,1629]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="145 - 153" refId="ref34823" refString="Duret, J. P. 1980. Dos subgeneros y tres especies nuevas de Austrosynapha Tonnoir, 1929 (Diptera Mycetophilidae). Neotropica (La Plata) 26 (76): 145 - 153." type="journal article" year="1980">Duret, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |