248 lines
28 KiB
XML
248 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="004071C8BD99468F90D0E69F05A6FEF2" ID-CLB-Dataset="5822" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51eea930-5f0d-43f6-8e03-3093edf36cd7" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4712338" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619135562207" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR & GRIMALDI, DAVID" docDate="2004" docId="039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2004.3433.1-76.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3433 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thereotricha BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI 2004, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFA3FFB1FF80FF9FFFB0FFB9FFA1FFC4" masterDocTitle="Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698937439063" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="77E76C8B9DD5E1E6F601DD21C73EF5B7">Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="55F225C74FAA09C7A0CC23963067DC11">BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B581F4E78C372FEE753700043F01B54">GRIMALDI, DAVID</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="36F0B0483E4B9A2972B7EA7EA8ADCBB4">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6CBB141E0C2B13EF7635FACAB187B12A">
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<mods:date id="250FC634D45BA8DF94B24B51758598F1">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="093C435CB684750C25B87CC379CC9A8B">2004-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F58E597ADE941013FD05158410DBA71B">3433</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5060446" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183235932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5060446" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF88FF97FF5FFED9FDBBFEB3" box="[239,538,352,376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF88FF97FF5FFED9FDBBFEB3" blockId="8.[239,538,352,376]" box="[239,538,352,376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0C481B3FF88FF97FF5FFED9FDBBFEB3" box="[239,538,352,376]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="8">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FF5FFED9FE33FEBC" bold="true" box="[239,402,352,376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FF5FFED9FE2DFEBC" ID-CoL="89RM2" authority="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI, 2004" authorityName="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2004" box="[239,396,352,376]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Thereotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FF5FFED9FE2DFEBC" bold="true" box="[239,396,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thereotricha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27457B6FF88FF97FE2CFED9FDBBFEB3" box="[412,538,352,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF88FF97FF29FE37FDBAFC84" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF88FF97FF29FE37FDBAFC84" blockId="8.[124,654,398,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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DIAGNOSIS: Eyes forming incomplete eye bridge, facets large, round. Ocelli three. Flagellomeres barrelshaped, length no more than 1.5Χ the width. Antepronotum and proepisternum subequal, setose. Proepimeron touches episternum at the episternal suture. Anepisternum smaller than katepisternum. Anepisternal cleft distinct, narrow. Midpleural pit present. Metepisternum setose. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Insertion of abdomen wide. Wing membrane with or without macrotrichia. Sc short, ends free. Rs base,
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FF71FD56FF53FCC2" box="[193,242,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rm,</emphasis>
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base of M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FEC7FD42FE37FCCD" attach="left" box="[375,406,763,777]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
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, and CuA fork very basal. Section M2 connects
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FE7EFCB5FE59FCE7" box="[462,504,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rm</emphasis>
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and base of M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FF26FC8CFF14FC87" attach="left" box="[150,181,821,835]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
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and CuA fork. M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FE3FFC8CFE0FFC87" attach="left" box="[399,430,821,835]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
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reduced.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF88FF97FF29FCFFFD29FC99" box="[153,648,838,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF88FF97FF29FCFFFD29FC99" blockId="8.[124,654,398,1741]" box="[153,648,838,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="5488887DFF88FF97FF29FCFFFF72FC99" box="[153,211,838,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FEF6FCFEFDE1FC9A" authority="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI, 2004" authorityName="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2004" box="[326,576,839,862]" class="Insecta" genus="Thereotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibirica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FEF6FCFEFDE1FC9A" box="[326,576,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thereotricha sibirica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27457B6FF88FF97FDE1FCFFFD29FC99" box="[593,648,838,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF88FF97FF29FCDDFF4DFC71" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF88FF97FF29FCDDFF4DFC71" blockId="8.[124,654,398,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a feminine anagram of
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FEFDFC38FE42FC5C" box="[333,483,897,920]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Heterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FEFDFC38FE42FC5C" box="[333,483,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterotricha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The name is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296554FF88FF97FF29FC05FD79FA6C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF88FF97FF29FC05FDE1F957" blockId="8.[124,654,398,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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COMMENTS: The new genus is close to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FFCCFC60FEB3FC34" box="[124,274,985,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Heterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FFCCFC60FEB3FC34" box="[124,274,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterotricha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of genera, which have been included in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FE38FC4FFE55FBC9" baseAuthorityName="Bechev" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[392,500,1014,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FD97FC4FFF66FBEF" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diadocidiidae</taxonomicName>
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. Recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF88FF97FEE2FBADFDB7FBEF" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[338,534,1044,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="101 - 144" refId="ref34694" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2002. Heterotricha Loew and allied genera (Diptera: Sciaroidea): offshoots of the stem group of Mycetophilidae and / or Sciaridae? Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 38 (1 - 2): 101 - 144." type="journal article" year="2002">Chandler (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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reviewed known taxa of the group and described seven more genera from all zoogeographic regions except Nearctic. These taxa seem to represent a stem group of Recent families of
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FDEEFB30FF74FB79" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Sciaroidea">Sciaroidea</taxonomicName>
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, but monophyly of the group is not apparent. The new genus differs from all taxa of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FF69FB58FECEFB3C" box="[217,367,1249,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Heterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FF69FB58FECEFB3C" box="[217,367,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterotricha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group in having eyes with large facets, that form an eye bridge, short antennae, the scape and pedicel not differing from flagellomeres in length, palpi very short, anepisternite and katepisternite subequal, the base of RS in basal position, and
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FF06FA28FF41FA6C" box="[182,224,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rm</emphasis>
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and the section of M2 subequal, where eyes and palpi demonstrate an apomorphic condition. The new genus resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FFCCFA50FED5F9C4" authority="Chandler" authorityName="Chandler" authorityYear="2002" box="[124,372,1513,1536]" class="Insecta" genus="Sciaropota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FFCCFA50FF5DF9C4" box="[124,252,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sciaropota</emphasis>
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Chandler
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</taxonomicName>
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in the porrect antenna with short flagellomeres, an absence of a clearly differentiated series of scutellar bristles, large katepisternum, mesepimepon broader below, but it differs by the short Sc, long stem of M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FE87F931FEF7F952" attach="left" box="[311,342,1672,1686]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1+2</subScript>
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, and reduced M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FDAAF931FD98F952" attach="left" box="[538,569,1672,1686]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DFFF88FF97FF29F920FD79FA6C" blockId="8.[124,654,398,1741]" lastBlockId="8.[700,1229,193,1448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Distinct synapomorphies separate the group from other Mesozoic
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FE66F90FFDF4F909" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[470,597,1718,1741]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Sciaroidea">Sciaroidea</taxonomicName>
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: M1 section completely reduced; M2 section fused with
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FCF7FF66FCFFFF32" box="[839,862,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tb</emphasis>
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in one vein meeting the base of M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FD48FEB1FCB6FED2" attach="left" box="[760,791,264,278]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
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, and that oblique vein is shifted distad. The same structure of the basal veins is observed in advanced representatives of the Mesozoic family
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC2FFEEDFBCEFEAF" box="[927,1135,340,363]" class="Insecta" family="Mesosciophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesosciophilidae</taxonomicName>
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, which are thought to represent a sister group to
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FB2AFEC8FCEBFE61" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF88FF97FCD0FE37FB69FE61" author="Kalugina, N. S. & V. G. Kovalev" box="[864,1224,398,421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref35417" refString="Kalugina, N. S., and V. G. Kovalev. 1985. Dvukrylye Yury Sibiri. [Diptera (Insecta) of the Jurassic of Siberia.]. Moskow: Nauka, 197 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1985">Kalugina and Kovalev, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF88FF97FD0CFE15FC32FE07" author="Blagoderov, V. A." box="[700,915,428,451]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref34178" refString="Blagoderov, V. A. 1993. Dipterans (Mesosciophilidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikal. Paleontological Journal (Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal) 27 (1 A): 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="1993">Blagoderov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). Similar conditions occur in the peculiar Mesozoic family
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FBEFFE70FB9DFE39" authority="(Grimaldi et al., 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Archizelmiridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Archizelmiridae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF88FF97FC9AFE5FFB95FE39" author="Grimaldi, D. A. & D. Amorim & V. A. Blagoderov" box="[810,1076,486,509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="368 - 381" refId="ref35107" refString="Grimaldi, D. A., D. Amorim, and V. A. Blagoderov. 2003. The mesozoic family Archizelmiridae (Diptera). Journal of Paleontology 77 (2): 368 - 381." type="journal article" year="2003">Grimaldi et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FB31FE5FFC96FDDF" class="Insecta" family="Archizelmiridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archizelmiridae</taxonomicName>
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have crossvein
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FBB1FDBDFB8AFDDF" box="[1025,1067,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rm</emphasis>
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aligned with M2 +
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<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FCBAFD98FC80FDFC" box="[778,801,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tb</emphasis>
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and the basal portion of M
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<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FBEDFD94FBDDFDFF" attach="left" box="[1117,1148,557,571]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
|
||
, forming one horizontal vein and the base of RS is shifted distad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC29FDE5FB9DFDB7" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1925" box="[921,1084,604,627]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diadocidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.str. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FB27FDE5FCB2FD54" authorityName="Ruthe" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Diadocidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FB27FDE5FCB2FD54" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diadocidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FCD0FDC0FC42FD54" authority="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI, 2004" authorityName="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2004" box="[864,995,633,656]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Docidiadia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FCD0FDC0FC42FD54" box="[864,995,633,656]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Docidiadia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27457B6FF88FF97FC44FDC0FB9DFD54" box="[1012,1084,633,656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n.gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) also have these veins aligned (
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FC02FD2EFC7DFD6A" box="[946,988,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rm</emphasis>
|
||
through the base of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FD66FD79FD54FD0A" attach="left" box="[726,757,704,718]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
|
||
), but they form a vertical vein. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FB2AFD0DFCEBFD2C" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the combined vein M2 +
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FB34FD68FB3AFD2C" box="[1156,1179,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tb</emphasis>
|
||
lost contact with the base of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FC4FFD42FBBFFCCD" attach="left" box="[1023,1054,763,777]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
|
||
and meets the base of CuA or MA (arculus) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2EFF88FF97FBC4FCB5FC08FC84" author="Shcherbakov, D. E. & E. D. Lukashevich & V. A. Blagoderov" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="75 - 115" refId="ref36984" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E., E. D. Lukashevich, and V. A. Blagoderov. 1995. Triassic Diptera and initial radiation of the order. Dipterological Research 6 (2): 75 - 115." type="journal article" year="1995">Shcherbakov et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FBA7FC90FB6CFC84" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[1047,1229,809,832]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FD76FCFEFCDEFC9A" authorityName="Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[710,895,839,862]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Drepanocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FD76FCFEFCDEFC9A" box="[710,895,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Drepanocercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC26FCFEFD5FFCBF" authority=", Cretaceous" authorityName="Cretaceous" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Ectrepesthoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FC26FCFEFBCCFC9A" box="[918,1133,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectrepesthoneura</emphasis>
|
||
, Cretaceous
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FCBBFCDDFC36FCBF" authorityName="Blagoderov" authorityYear="1997" box="[779,919,868,891]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paradzickia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FCBBFCDDFC36FCBF" box="[779,919,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paradzickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC1CFCDDFBC6FCBF" authorityName="Blagoderov" authorityYear="1997" box="[940,1127,868,891]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Drepanorzeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FC1CFCDDFBC6FCBF" box="[940,1127,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Drepanorzeckia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FBCAFCDDFD7FFC5C" authorityName="Blagoderov" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Ekhiritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FBCAFCDDFD7FFC5C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ekhiritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FD5FFC38FCE4FC5C" authorityName="Blagoderov" authorityYear="1995" box="[751,837,897,920]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Zazicia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FD5FFC38FCE4FC5C" box="[751,837,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zazicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have the fork of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FB8AFC34FBF8FC5F" attach="left" box="[1082,1113,909,923]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
|
||
and CuA sessile or shortstalked, but the base of the fork is situated more basally that in Mesozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FD0CFC60FCE1FC34" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[700,832,985,1008]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Sciaroidea">Sciaroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC79FC60FBCAFC34" box="[969,1131,985,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Heterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FC79FC60FBCAFC34" box="[969,1131,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterotricha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Moreover, at least in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC7DFC4EFB3DFBCA" box="[973,1180,1015,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Ectrepesthoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FC7DFC4EFB3DFBCA" box="[973,1180,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ectrepesthoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sessile fork of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B7349AFF88FF97FC20FB99FC0EFBEA" attach="left" box="[912,943,1056,1070]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3+4</subScript>
|
||
and CuA is secondary (see Analyses below and fig. 78). Obviously, reduction of M1 and fusion of M2 with
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FB06FBF6FB6CFBA2" box="[1206,1229,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tb</emphasis>
|
||
might have originated several times in the history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FCF0FB30FC1EFB64" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[832,959,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Sciaroidea">Sciaroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although monophyly of the group combining Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FB9DFB1EFB62FB7A" box="[1069,1219,1191,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Heterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FB9DFB1EFB62FB7A" box="[1069,1219,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterotricha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
like taxa and Cretaceous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC5AFB7DFB23FB1F" authorityName="BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI" authorityYear="2004" box="[1002,1154,1220,1243]" class="Insecta" genus="Thereotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EACDFF88FF97FC5AFB7DFB23FB1F" box="[1002,1154,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thereotricha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not proven, position of these taxa in sciaroid phylogeny should be at the base of lineages leading to Mesosoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC77FAA5FB35FAF7" box="[967,1172,1308,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Mesosciophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesosciophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FD0CFA80FCD8FA94" box="[700,889,1337,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Archizelmiridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archizelmiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FBBFFA80FBDAFA94" baseAuthorityName="Bechev" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1039,1147,1337,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the one hand and higher sciaroids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FB2BFAEFFCEBFA4F" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mycetophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5CFF88FF97FC35FACDFBE7FA4F" box="[901,1094,1396,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Lygistorrhinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lygistorrhinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the oth er.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |