178 lines
20 KiB
XML
178 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="701097FBF94276DD047EDFEE47B09876" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43dd65df-a474-4fe7-88d8-0f2dc0f1191b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191734" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461131601829" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marshall, Andrea D., Compagno, Leonard J. V. & Bennett, Michael B." docDate="2009" docId="038D2C59FFCF095DFF79FAAFECE0FC7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02301p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2301" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Manta" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFB45421FFDC0948FFEEFF87E97CFFD3" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698597910142" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0367530A8F0154ACDFBF5B30718E3F78">Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3403C9C0729E2C885E9A99D754108905">Marshall, Andrea D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE2367F783D0577B4BCD5BB4123972AD">Compagno, Leonard J. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21607D53BB0C554548E137DD41A7648A">Bennett, Michael B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1EB11397B7AF93A64EFA1E24C9F72589">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038D2C59FFCF095DFF79FAAFECE0FC7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626487" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125130954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D2C59FFCF095DFF79FAAFECE0FC7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2C59FFCF095DFF79FAAFECE0FC7F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFCF095BFF79FAAFEB42FA91" bold="true" box="[151,574,1320,1347]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFF79FAAFEB42FA91" bold="true" box="[151,574,1320,1347]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Character key for
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCF095BFE91FAAEE8B2FA90" box="[383,462,1321,1347]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFE91FAAEE8B2FA90" bold="true" box="[383,462,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCF095BFE30FAAFEB48FA91" box="[478,564,1320,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[214,1381,161,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[214,1383,161,1915]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Key features used to differentiate Manta birostris and Manta alfredi in the field: (1) presence, colour and shape of supra-branchial shoulder patches (2) ventral spot distribution and colouration (3) presence or absence of caudal spine (4) appearance of skin and denticle morphology (5) colour of mouth and dentition." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191747/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFCF095DFF79FAF3ECE0FC7F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="key">
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<subSection id="E2AB84A4FFCF095BFF79FAF3ECE0F962" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF79FAF3ECE0FA5D" blockId="19.[151,1436,1396,1457]" box="[151,1436,1396,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFCF095BFF79FAF3ECE0FA5D" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1396,1422]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFF79FAF3ECE0FA5D" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1396,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(1) Pale to white-coloured shoulder patches present on dorsal supra-branchial region on each side of a</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF29FA10E815FA62" blockId="19.[151,1436,1396,1457]" box="[199,361,1431,1457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFF29FA10E815FA62" bold="true" box="[199,361,1431,1457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">dark midline</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF79FA5DECE9F9E2" blockId="19.[151,1436,1498,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Shoulder patches are very distinct and approximately triangular in shape with a posterior facing hook on the anterior distal side. Anterior edge of shoulder patches runs medially from spiracle in an approximately straight line parallel to the edge of the upper jaw .....................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCF095BFB02F99EECE9F9E2" ID-CoL="3XW6Q" box="[1260,1429,1561,1585]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFB02F99EECE9F9E2" bold="true" box="[1260,1429,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manta birostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF79F9BDECE0F962" blockId="19.[151,1436,1498,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Anterior margin of shoulder patch initially emanating posteriorly from spiracle before curving medially. Towards the midline, colouration again begins to radiate out posteriorly continuing down over the supra-branchial region in variably sized and shaped shoulder patches. Anterior distal side of the shoulder patch may present as an anterior facing hook.........................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCF095BFAEAF91EECE0F962" ID-CoL="3XW6N" box="[1284,1436,1689,1713]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFAEAF91EECE0F962" bold="true" box="[1284,1436,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection id="E2AB84A4FFCF095BFF79F95EECE0F827" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF79F95EEBB1F920" blockId="19.[151,717,1753,1779]" box="[151,717,1753,1779]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFCF095BFF79F95EEBB1F920" bold="true" box="[151,717,1753,1779]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFF79F95EEBB1F920" bold="true" box="[151,717,1753,1779]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(2) Ventral colouration and natural markings</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF79F89BECE0F847" blockId="19.[151,1437,1820,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Distinctive dark spots located on the ventral surface of disc over abdominal region, with no spots present medially between the five adjacent gill slits. Prominent semi-circular spot extends posteriorly from both of the most posterior gill slits. Charcoal-coloured margin typically present on posterior edges of pectoral fins that extend the entire length of each pectoral fin................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCF095BFB1DF8FBECE0F847" ID-CoL="3XW6Q" box="[1267,1436,1916,1940]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFB1DF8FBECE0F847" bold="true" box="[1267,1436,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manta birostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCF095BFF79F81BECE0F827" blockId="19.[151,1437,1820,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Distinctive dark spots on the ventral surface of disc can be present across the posterior half of the body and medially between the five adjacent gill slits. Small semi-circular spot extends posteriorly from of both of the most posterior gill slits....................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCF095BFAEAF85BECE0F827" ID-CoL="3XW6N" box="[1284,1436,2012,2036]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFCF095BFAEAF85BECE0F827" bold="true" box="[1284,1436,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFC8095CFF79F80BED3BF83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191747/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[214,1381,161,1915]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC8095CFF79F80BED3BF83D" blockId="20.[151,1436,1932,2030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC8095CFF79F80BE85BF877" bold="true" box="[151,295,1932,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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Key features used to differentiate
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC8095CFD72F80AEA3FF877" ID-CoL="3XW6Q" box="[668,835,1933,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC8095CFD72F80AEA3FF877" box="[668,835,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Manta birostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC8095CFC97F80AED70F877" ID-CoL="3XW6N" box="[889,1036,1933,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC8095CFC97F80AED70F877" box="[889,1036,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the field: (1) presence, colour and shape of supra-branchial shoulder patches (2) ventral spot distribution and colouration (3) presence or absence of caudal spine (4) appearance of skin and denticle morphology (5) colour of mouth and dentition.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSection id="E2AB84A4FFC9095DFF79FF10ECE0FEE1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FF10E818FF62" blockId="21.[151,356,151,177]" box="[151,356,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFC9095DFF79FF10E818FF62" bold="true" box="[151,356,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF79FF10E818FF62" bold="true" box="[151,356,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(3) Caudal spine</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FF5DECE0FEE1" blockId="21.[151,1436,218,306]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Caudal spine mostly encased in a calcified mass present on the dorsum of the tail immediately posterior to the dorsal fin .............................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFB1DFF7DE9C4FEE2" ID-CoL="3XW6Q" authority="No" authorityName="No" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFB1DFF7DECE0FEC1" bold="true" box="[1267,1436,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta birostris</emphasis>
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No
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</taxonomicName>
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distinct, removable caudal spine or calcified mass present on tail...........................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFAEAFE9DECE0FEE1" ID-CoL="3XW6N" box="[1284,1436,282,306]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFAEAFE9DECE0FEE1" bold="true" box="[1284,1436,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection id="E2AB84A4FFC9095DFF79FEEEECE0FDFA" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FEEEEB79FE50" blockId="21.[151,517,361,387]" box="[151,517,361,387]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFC9095DFF79FEEEEB79FE50" bold="true" box="[151,517,361,387]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF79FEEEEB79FE50" bold="true" box="[151,517,361,387]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(4) Skin and dermal denticles</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FE36ECE0FDFA" blockId="21.[151,1436,433,553]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Skin, which forms distinct, sagittally oriented, ridges and furrows along the entire length of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, is densely embedded with overlapping, multicuspid denticles...................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFB1DFE56E9B4FDDA" ID-CoL="3XW6Q" authority="Skin" authorityName="Skin" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFB1DFE56ECE0FE3A" bold="true" box="[1267,1436,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta birostris</emphasis>
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Skin
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</taxonomicName>
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on both dorsal and ventral surfaces embedded with small non-overlapping, evenly spaced denticles with stellate bases and laterally elongated knob-like (lacking cusps) structures projecting from skin.......................
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFAEAFD96ECE0FDFA" ID-CoL="3XW6N" box="[1284,1436,529,553]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFAEAFD96ECE0FDFA" bold="true" box="[1284,1436,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection id="E2AB84A4FFC9095DFF79FDD6ECE0FC7F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FDD6EB25FDB8" blockId="21.[151,601,593,619]" box="[151,601,593,619]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFC9095DFF79FDD6EB25FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,601,593,619]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF79FDD6EB25FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,601,593,619]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(5) Mouth colouration and dentition</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FD13ECE0FC9F" blockId="21.[151,1436,660,940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Mouth black to charcoal grey in colouration. Dark colouration around mouth often extends posteriorly on the ventral surface from the base of the cephalic fins to the anterior edge of the first gill slits. Dental ligament embedded with small cusped teeth on the lower jaw measuring roughly 25% of total disc length with approximately 12–16 rows, 220–250 files across entire width of the band. Total tooth counts of 3000–4000 for entire tooth band. Upper jaw contains at least two rows of enlarged denticles that span the same width of the upper jaw as the tooth band on the lower jaw.... ..............................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFB1DFCB3ECE0FC9F" ID-CoL="3XW6Q" box="[1267,1436,820,844]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFB1DFCB3ECE0FC9F" bold="true" box="[1267,1436,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FCD3ECE0FC7F" blockId="21.[151,1436,660,940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Mouth is white to light grey in colouration. Dental ligament with small cusped teeth on the lower jaw measuring roughly 22% of total disc length with approximately 6–8 rows, 142–182 files across entire width of the tooth band. Total tooth counts of 900–1500 for entire tooth band. Upper jaw lacks rows of enlarged denticles...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFAEAFC13ECE0FC7F" ID-CoL="3XW6N" box="[1284,1436,916,940]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFAEAFC13ECE0FC7F" bold="true" box="[1284,1436,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |