148 lines
17 KiB
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148 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67eddd14-2ce9-43d9-8ad6-a811c6a6ea7d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-82-253" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741830" ID-ZooBank="47FBD08BB6AE4004A25FCB7F3FB8D13F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-82-253" checkinTime="1619783768825" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lopes, Rogerio Botion, Carpenter, James M. & Noll, Fernando Barabosa" docDate="2021" docId="6FD2B0DFD73C5DD2BDD4E43991516597" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 82: 253-283" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82" docPubDate="2021-04-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760" docTitle="Zethus Fabricius 1804" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): a new subgeneric classification" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1678755782231" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cladistic analysis of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): a new subgeneric classification</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lopes, Rogerio Botion</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-1152</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Aculeata. Departamento de Zoologia e Botanica. Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas. Universidade Estadual Paulista " Julio de Mesquita Filho ". Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rbotlopes@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-8028</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology. American Museum of Natural History. New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Noll, Fernando Barabosa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Aculeata. Departamento de Zoologia e Botanica. Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas. Universidade Estadual Paulista " Julio de Mesquita Filho ". Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>82</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>253</mods:start>
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<mods:end>283</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-82-253</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">47FBD08BB6AE4004A25FCB7F3FB8D13F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4741830</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181758043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6FD2B0DFD73C5DD2BDD4E43991516597" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FD2B0DFD73C5DD2BDD4E43991516597" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="648JQ" ID-ENA="427986" LSID="6FD2B0DF-D73C-5DD2-BDD4-E43991516597" authority="Fabricius, 1804" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zethus Fabricius, 1804</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zethus</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1804: 282 (genus).
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<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="35 - 102" refId="B28" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1958. Notulae Vespidologicae. Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia 11: 35 - 102" title="Notulae Vespidologicae." volume="11" year="1958">Giordani Soika 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 75 (revision of Oriental species).
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<bibRefCitation author="Bohart, RM" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 208" refId="B8" refString="Bohart, RM, Stange, LA, 1965. A Revision of the Genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 40: 1 - 208" title="A Revision of the Genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)." volume="40" year="1965">Bohart and Stange 1965</bibRefCitation>
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(subgenera, revision new world species).
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<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="19 - 65" refId="B31" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1979. Revisione delle specie etiopiche e malgasce della sottofamiglia Discoeliinae (Hym.). Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia 30: 19 - 65" title="Revisione delle specie etiopiche e malgasce della sottofamiglia Discoeliinae (Hym.)." volume="30" year="1979">Giordani Soika 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 20 (revision African species).
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1986/12489" author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="61 - 90" refId="B15" refString="Carpenter, JM, 1986. A Synonimic Generic Checklist of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Psyche 93: 61 - 90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1986/12489" title="A Synonimic Generic Checklist of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1986/12489" volume="93" year="1986">Carpenter 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 88 (cat.). Vecht and Carpenter 1990: 60 (cat.).
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="95 - 315" refId="B18" refString="Carpenter, JM, Gusenleitner, J, Madl, M, 2010. A Catalogue of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of the Ethiopian Region excluding Malagasy Subregion. Part II: Genera Delta de Sausuure 1885 to Zethus Fabricius 1804 and Species Incertae Sedis. Linzer biologische Beitraege 42 (1): 95 - 315" title="A Catalogue of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of the Ethiopian Region excluding Malagasy Subregion. Part II: Genera Delta de Sausuure 1885 to Zethus Fabricius 1804 and Species Incertae Sedis." volume="42" year="2010">Carpenter et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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(cat. African species).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus coeruleopennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleopennis">Zethus coeruleopennis</taxonomicName>
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus coeruleopennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleopennis">Zethus coeruleopennis</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius, 1798) (=
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa coerulepennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulepennis">Vespa coerulepennis</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1798).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Lethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lethus</taxonomicName>
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Say, 1837: 387 (misspelling).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName family="Eumenidae" genus="Heros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heros" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heros</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1856: 115 (division of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zethus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euzethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euzethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euzethus</taxonomicName>
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Dalla Torre, 1904: 14 (name for division I of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zethus</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="de Saussure, H" journalOrPublisher="Kressman, Joel Cherbuliez, Geneva" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" refId="B22" refString="de Saussure, H, 1852. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires, ou de la tribu Eumeniens. Victor Masson (Paris); J. Kressman, Joel Cherbuliez, Geneva" title="Monographie des Guepes Solitaires, ou de la tribu Eumeniens. Victor Masson (Paris); J." year="1852">de Saussure 1852</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa coeruleopennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleopennis">Vespa coeruleopennis</taxonomicName>
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa coeruleopennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleopennis">Vespa coeruleopennis</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius, 1798).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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Frons projected over antennal socket. Gena angled. Occipital carina ventrally complete, with small branch or completely absent. Pronotal carina short or lamellar.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Proepisternum with posterior margin lamellar</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Synapomorphies supporting Zethus and relationships between its lineages A proepisternum of Z. spinipes, ventral view; arrowheads indicate lamellae B second metasomal tergum of Z. yarrowi, dorsal view; arrow indicates stem C pronotum of Z. rodhaini, lateral view D pronotum of Z. planiclypeus, lateral view E pronotum of Z. robustus, lateral view; arrow indicates dorsal suture F ocelli of Z. mandibularis G pronotal carina of Z. smithii, postero-dorsal view; arrowhead indicates notch H latero-posterior region of the pronotum of Z. rodhaini; arrow indicates pre-tegular carina I lateral portion of mesoscutum of Z. spinipes; arrow indicates discoid puncture J mesepisternum of Z. jurinei; arrows indicate dorsal (upper arrow) and mid (lower arrow) sections of epicnemial carina K third metasomal tergum of Z. fraternus; arrow indicates gradulus L second metasomal tergum of Z. aztecus; arrow indicates lamella. M third metasomal sternum of Z. fraternus; arrow indicates gradulus N tegula of Z. aztecus O ocelli of Z. spinipes P third metasomal tergum of Z. spinipes; arrow indicates interruption of gradulus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537922" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">2A</figureCitation>
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), rarely blunt. Metanotum bent, rarely flat. Mid tibia with one or two spurs. Propodeum without apical rim. Propodeum with or without apical lamella, orifice slit like. Valvula projected, with superior margin free, infero-posterior angle straight. T1 variable.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">T2 with evident stem</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Synapomorphies supporting Zethus and relationships between its lineages A proepisternum of Z. spinipes, ventral view; arrowheads indicate lamellae B second metasomal tergum of Z. yarrowi, dorsal view; arrow indicates stem C pronotum of Z. rodhaini, lateral view D pronotum of Z. planiclypeus, lateral view E pronotum of Z. robustus, lateral view; arrow indicates dorsal suture F ocelli of Z. mandibularis G pronotal carina of Z. smithii, postero-dorsal view; arrowhead indicates notch H latero-posterior region of the pronotum of Z. rodhaini; arrow indicates pre-tegular carina I lateral portion of mesoscutum of Z. spinipes; arrow indicates discoid puncture J mesepisternum of Z. jurinei; arrows indicate dorsal (upper arrow) and mid (lower arrow) sections of epicnemial carina K third metasomal tergum of Z. fraternus; arrow indicates gradulus L second metasomal tergum of Z. aztecus; arrow indicates lamella. M third metasomal sternum of Z. fraternus; arrow indicates gradulus N tegula of Z. aztecus O ocelli of Z. spinipes P third metasomal tergum of Z. spinipes; arrow indicates interruption of gradulus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537922" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">2C</figureCitation>
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), occasionally absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="observations">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Observations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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The large diversity included in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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reflects diagnostic features, of which few encompass the entirety of the genus, only the projected frons, angled gena, absence of the apical rim in the propodeum, orifice slit like and traits of the valvula being constant within the group. Also, the absence of the apical rim in propodeum is constant throughout the entire genus while it is present in most of the other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="tribe" tribe="Zethini">Zethini</taxonomicName>
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. The subgenera are more defined in more detail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Cosmopolitan (specified under each subgenus)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="included species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">298 (listed under each subgenus in Suppl. material 3)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |