213 lines
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213 lines
20 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.19863" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f97feb33-2130-4513-8531-da5c34832d97" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157251727" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1937-2426-2-117" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4346FFDCFFD3FFEFC323FFAB6959FFD3" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140837" ID-ZooBank="DBD570D64A5F4D5F8C594A228B2217FF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1937-2426-2-117" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Orthoptera Research 26 (2)" ModsDocTitle="Diversity of mantids (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) of Sangha-Mbaere Region, Central African Republic, with some ecological data and DNA barcoding" checkinTime="1558621707430" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moulin, Nicolas, Decaens, Thibaud & Annoyer, Philippe" docDate="2017" docId="CED92593B72374E3C374FCA8FE777FDB" docLanguage="en" docName="JourOrthoptRes 26(2): 117-141" docOrigin="Journal of Orthoptera Research 26 (2)" docPubDate="2017-11-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.19863" docTitle="Tismomorpha vitripennis Bolivar 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4346FFDCFFD3FFEFC323FFAB6959FFD3" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="4346FFDCFFD3FFEFC323FFAB6959FFD3" masterDocTitle="Diversity of mantids (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) of Sangha-Mbaere Region, Central African Republic, with some ecological data and DNA barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="117" pageId="19" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1643476831581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diversity of mantids (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) of Sangha-Mbaere Region, Central African Republic, with some ecological data and DNA barcoding</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moulin, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>82, route de l'ecole, Hameau de Saveaumare, 76680 Monterolier, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nmentomo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Decaens, Thibaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS, Universite de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Annoyer, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Insectes du Monde Sabine, 09230 Sainte Croix de Volvestre, France.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Orthoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-11-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>117</mods:start>
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<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.19863</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.19863</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1937-2426-2-117</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DBD570D64A5F4D5F8C594A228B2217FF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4346FFDCFFD3FFEFC323FFAB6959FFD3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1140837</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="157251727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CED92593B72374E3C374FCA8FE777FDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CED92593B72374E3C374FCA8FE777FDB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="19" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CED92593-B723-74E3-C374-FCA8FE777FDB" authority="(Bolivar, 1908)" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Bolivar" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Tismomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tismomorpha vitripennis" order="Mantodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitripennis">Tismomorpha vitripennis (Bolivar, 1908)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="136" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">Bolivar 1908a. Mems R. Soc. Esp. Hist. nat. 1: 471.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="136" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="136">Type locality.</emphasis>
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-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">Eosung, Bakossi Mountains Wildlife Reserve (Cameroon).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="136">Material examined.</emphasis>
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-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">CAR, Komassa, UV trap 05-07.VIII.1966 (2♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (MNHN); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 05-07.II.2005 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, UV trap 16.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, tent, night capture 18-24.X.2008 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 26.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 28-30.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, Remote Canopy Trap, UV trap 28.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-417 (1♂), night capture 13-19.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-431 (1♂), UV trap 26.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="136">Distribution.</emphasis>
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-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="136">Cameroon, CAR, Gabon.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="137" type="sampling method efficiency">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="start">Sampling</pageBreakToken>
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method efficiency.
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</emphasis>
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-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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Light trapping was the most efficient sampling method, with almost 1000 specimens captured, while day collecting only resulted in the collection of 250 specimens (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Number of mantid specimens collected with the two main sampling methods: day capture (Day) and trapping with UV lights at night (UV); black chart = females; grey chart = males; white chart = nymphs." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169911" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">5</figureCitation>
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). As for orthopterans, we observed that many mantises were attracted more efficiently by diffuse light (camp lamp in tents, classic neon, low energy consumption lamps) than by the 250W UV light traditionally used in light traps for moths and beetles. As expected, the proportion of females and nymphs was higher during the day than with light traps, and interestingly the number of species collected with both methods was not significantly different (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Specific richness of Mantodea collected with two main sampling methods; day capture (Day) and trapping with UV light at night (UV); grey chart = observed richness; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169912" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">6</figureCitation>
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). Sampling completeness, represented by the % of estimated richness that has been observed in the samples, was higher for light trapping (ca. 92%) than for day collecting (ca. 74%), suggesting that additional sampling effort with this last method would be necessary to reach an accurate estimation of the mantid community diversity. Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Number of mantid species collected with the two main sampling methods: day capture (Day) and light trapping (UV)." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169913" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">7</figureCitation>
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shows the number of species caught specifically for each method.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140857" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169911" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Number of mantid specimens collected with the two main sampling methods: day capture (Day) and trapping with UV lights at night (UV); black chart = females; grey chart = males; white chart = nymphs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140859" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169912" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Specific richness of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Tismomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mantodea" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
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collected with two main sampling methods; day capture (Day) and trapping with UV light at night (UV); grey chart = observed richness; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140861" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169913" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Number of mantid species collected with the two main sampling methods: day capture (Day) and light trapping (UV).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">DNA barcoding versus traditional taxonomy.</emphasis>
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-A total of 94 sequences of more than 200°bp were obtained from 119 specimens analysed. Except in a few cases, the delimitation of taxonomic units on the basis of genetic information contained in the barcodes was congruent with the species limits acknowledged by traditional taxonomy (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neighbor-joining tree of DNA barcodes (COI) obtained from BOLD 4.0. beta using the Kimura 2 parameter for distance model. Filters: sequence length> 200 bp." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169914" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140863" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169914" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Neighbor-joining tree of DNA barcodes (COI) obtained from BOLD 4.0. beta using the Kimura 2 parameter for distance model. Filters: sequence length> 200 bp.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="137" type="diversity patterns of praying mantids">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Diversity patterns of praying mantids.</emphasis>
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-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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The rarefaction curve obtained for the whole data set (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Rarefaction curve of Mantodea from Sangha-Mbaere Region (black curve) with an extrapolation in a hypothetical situation where sampling effort would be doubled (dashed curve); grey area = confidence interval." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169915" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">9</figureCitation>
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) indicates that the sampling effort was sufficient to provide a representative picture of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Tismomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mantodea" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
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diversity at a regional scale. As exemplified by this figure, doubling the number of collected specimens would only result in the addition to the checklist of a small number of new species. Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Species richness in the three zones studied: Ndoki = Dzanga-Ndoki National Park zone; Sangha = Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve zone; Mbaere = Rest of the Sangha-Mbaere Region; grey chart = observed number of species; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169916" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">10</figureCitation>
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shows diversity patterns in the three major geographical units of the study region, i.e. Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve and the rest of Sangha-Mbaere Region.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140865" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169915" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Rarefaction curve of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Tismomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mantodea" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
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from Sangha-Mbaere Region (black curve) with an extrapolation in a hypothetical situation where sampling effort would be doubled (dashed curve); grey area = confidence interval.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140841" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169916" pageId="20" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Species richness in the three zones studied: Ndoki = Dzanga-Ndoki National Park zone; Sangha = Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve zone; Mbaere = Rest of the Sangha-Mbaere Region; grey chart = observed number of species; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="137">
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The higher observed and estimated species richness was found in the Dzanga-Ndoki NP, where the number of species was close to the number observed at the regional scale, meaning that most of the regional species pool was present in this area (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Species richness in the three zones studied: Ndoki = Dzanga-Ndoki National Park zone; Sangha = Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve zone; Mbaere = Rest of the Sangha-Mbaere Region; grey chart = observed number of species; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169916" pageId="20" pageNumber="137">10</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="138" type="vegetation structure">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="138" start="start">Vegetation</pageBreakToken>
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structure
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</emphasis>
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.-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="138">
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Figures
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Number of collected specimens in the different vegetation strata; black = females; grey = males; white = nymphs." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169917" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">11</figureCitation>
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to 13 present the number of individuals and the diversity of mantids collected along a height gradient from the herbaceous layer to the top canopy. Most of the mantids captured were males because the main method of surveying was through the use of light traps. However, both in top canopy and in the tree stratum, a higher proportion of females were collected by active search and light trap, maybe because UV light was placed nearer to the microhabitats where females resided. The number of specimens found in the soil and herbaceous strata was lower than in other strata because the study area is largely situated in a forest context (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Number of collected specimens in the different vegetation strata; black = females; grey = males; white = nymphs." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169917" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">11</figureCitation>
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). Both observed and estimated species richness were the highest between the shrub layer and the top canopy). However, a significant number of species was found in the herbaceous surroundings and edges of the swamps and lakes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Specific richness in the different vegetation strata; grey = observed richness; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169918" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">12</figureCitation>
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). Each stratum of the vegetation harbors species in a specific way but the species also overlap somewhat in different vegetation types (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of the species in the different vegetation strata." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169919" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">13</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140843" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169917" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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Number of collected specimens in the different vegetation strata; black = females; grey = males; white = nymphs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140845" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169918" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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Specific richness in the different vegetation strata; grey = observed richness; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1140847" doi="10.3897/jor.26.19863.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/169919" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="138">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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Distribution of the species in the different vegetation strata.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |