250 lines
27 KiB
XML
250 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="F44B6B04559B45C50040FECFAE38462C" ID-CLB-Dataset="8861" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c285848a-ccaf-4f48-8e05-7f9cf6acf225" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4418246" ID-ZooBank="C34E9D0C-336A-4F4B-A670-2F342470839D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609812691373" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C." docDate="2020" docId="03EF183F2C16FFA4FF3A62A6FECB06C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4869.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4869 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Muscina stabulans Fallen 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFD660472C19FFABFFAD6108FF960050" masterDocTitle="The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698852512324" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="868EACF0853B2BB5B41C08156B7D9D3F">The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A5EDA90921A2563C8ECF586BA6FF1A3B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="87292DD090CD24607948FE2538DB93C3">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2EFB108A428352BE80414D19CFCECBEA">Centre for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P. O. Box 2095, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C19EFB067AE4A3B1698118CFF3926AE0">Abdullah, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="86D3E09E0E68EA34A9A63D204B3B92EB">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C197492133CDD2A0F9F10FDBBA0BA81E" type="email">mohd_robiya@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="703789FDB34919C09B89D4A6C19E1C6D">Deeming, John C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A631B5779D9880EBFAE72C2366FB6ED">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK. john. deeming @ museumwales. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6703 - 8180</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB7D094C7BE70ED2B173E0B6C8955305" type="email">john.deeming@museumwales.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="86B077435B8E5545F47114D3F2015469">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EF183F2C16FFA4FF3A62A6FECB06C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4442741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176596479" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4442741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C16FFA4FF3A62A6FECB06C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF183F2C16FFA4FF3A62A6FECB06C9" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FF3A62A6FD9F0398" ID-CoL="44Q7D" authority="Fallen, 1817" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,521,941,969]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Muscina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stabulans">
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FF3A62A6FEE70399" bold="true" box="[151,369,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Muscina stabulans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FED462A5FD9F0398" author="Fallen, C. F." box="[377,521,941,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="226 - 254" refId="ref32306" refString="Fallen, C. F. (1817) Beskrifning Ofver de i Sverige funna fluge arter, som kunna foras till slagtet Musca. Forsta afdelningen. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 3 (1816), 226 - 254." type="journal article" year="1817">Fallén, 1817</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137DB5AC2C16FFA4FDB462A6FDF40398" box="[537,610,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="16.[151,251,1175,1199]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,250,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-50@16.[151,1435,237,1152]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE. 14–17. Muscidae species habitus: Male; 14) Pyrellina garmsi Zielke, 1971, Female; 15) Muscina prolapse (Harris, 1780), Male; 16) Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817), Male; 17) Passeromyia heterochaeta (Villeneuve, 1915), Female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4418260/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig.16</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FF3A62DBFE7D03BC" ID-CoL="92TWZ" authority="Fall" authorityName="Fall" box="[151,491,977,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stabulans">
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FF3A62DBFEC203BC" box="[151,340,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Musca stabulans</emphasis>
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Fall
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n, 1817
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: 252.
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FF6A62FEFE530440" bold="true" box="[199,453,1014,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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, same data but
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(
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||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C16FFA4FC396536FBB70408" box="[916,1057,1086,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C16FFA4FB9D6536FBED0408" box="[1072,1147,1086,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CERS</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C16FFA4FB2B6536FB700408" box="[1158,1254,1086,1112]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C16FFA4FF6A656AFECB06C9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C16FFA4FF6A656AFC230495" blockId="15.[151,1437,941,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FF6A656AFEF7042C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1122,1148]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was previously recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C16FFA4FCF2656AFC64042C" box="[863,1010,1122,1148]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Büttiker (1979). It was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C16FFA4FF78658EFEA704F0" box="[213,305,1158,1184]" name="Sweden" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FE90658FFE5404F0" author="Pont, A. C." box="[317,450,1158,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FDBF658EFD7404F0" author="Al-Houty, W." box="[530,738,1158,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref29679" refString="Al-Houty, W. (1989) Insect Fauna of Kuwait. Kuwait; Fahad Al-Marzouk, Printing & Publishing Establishment, Kuwait, 189 pp." type="book" year="1989">Al-Houty’s (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FC0B658FFBC604F0" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" box="[934,1104,1158,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorbens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FC0B658FFBC604F0" box="[934,1104,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Musca sorbens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C16FFA4FB3B658EFB7E04F0" box="[1174,1256,1158,1184]" name="Kuwait" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FA9D658FFF500494" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stabulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FA9D658FFF500494" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. stabulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Middle East it was recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C16FFA4FD3465A2FD7F0494" box="[665,745,1194,1220]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FD5565A2FC3B0495" author="Pont, A. C. & Werner, D. & Kachvoryan, E. A." box="[760,941,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref35115" refString="Pont, A. C., Werner, D. & Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Pont
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FC9965A3FCF30494" box="[820,869,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C16FFA4FF6A65C6FECB06C9" blockId="15.[151,1437,941,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FF6A65C6FE2404B8" bold="true" box="[199,434,1230,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biological remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FE1665C6FDEA04B9" author="Skidmore, P." box="[443,636,1230,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref36277" refString="Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp." type="book" year="1985">Skidmore (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a comprehensive account of the biology of
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FB1A65C7FAC704B8" box="[1207,1361,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FB1A65C7FADB04B8" box="[1207,1357,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stabulans">M. stabulans</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It is a highly polyphagous species reared from a wide range of media. The overwintered females lay about 150–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4062A02C16FFA4FA9A65FAFA0A055D" box="[1335,1436,1266,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="egg">200 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
in batches of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C16FFA4FED6641EFE450560" box="[379,467,1302,1328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
|
||
spring time in temperate regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FCCD641EFC7B0560" author="Seguy, E." box="[864,1005,1302,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 393" refId="ref36094" refString="Seguy, E. (1923) Dipteres Anthomyides. Faune de France, 6, 1 - 393." type="journal article" year="1923">Sèguy 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae prey heavily on those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FF3A6433FEB90504" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,303,1338,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FF3A6433FEB90504" box="[151,303,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. domestica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, killing far more than they consume (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FD7A6432FCF30504" author="Hewitt, C. G." box="[727,869,1338,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref33029" refString="Hewitt, C. G. (1914) The housefly (Musca domestica L.). A study of its structure, development, bionomics and economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 382 pp." type="book" year="1914">Hewitt 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and may drastically reduce house fly populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FF326456FE3A0529" author="Silverly, R. E. & Schoof, H. F." box="[159,428,1374,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="325 - 329" refId="ref36211" refString="Silverly, R. E. & Schoof, H. F. (1955) Utilization of various production media by Muscoid flies in metropolitan area 111. fly production in relation to city block environment. Annals of the Society of America, 48 (5), 325 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 48.5.325" type="journal article" year="1955">Silverly & Schoof 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but they also devour many other insect larvae. Therefore it is a beneficial species to man, since it is an important controller of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FD94648BFD4405CC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[569,722,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FD94648BFD4405CC" box="[569,722,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. domestica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has been reared from living plants (radishes, cabbages etc.) and animals (including nestlings, sheep and humans). The larvae can produce serious ulceration on the living tissue of chordates. In temperate regions contamination of human food by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FC3C64C3FBB705B4" box="[913,1057,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stabulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FC3C64C3FBB705B4" box="[913,1057,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. stabulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely to occur where it is openly exposed to direct sunlight, and wounds similarly exposed may lead to traumatic myiasis. The flies are intolerant of shade and seldom enter buildings, they select well lit habitats. A few natural enemies attack
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FAA6671BFA0A067C" box="[1291,1436,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stabulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FAA6671BFA0A067C" box="[1291,1436,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. stabulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., the fly fungus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C16FFA4FEDB673EFCA10601" authority="(Cohen) Fresen" authorityName="Fresen" baseAuthorityName="Cohen" box="[374,823,1590,1617]" class="Entomophthoromycetes" family="Entomophthoraceae" genus="Entomophthora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Entomophthorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="muscae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FEDB673EFD160600" box="[374,640,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Entomophthora muscae</emphasis>
|
||
(Cohen) Fresen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some predators (e.g., the mite
|
||
<emphasis id="B932753B2C16FFA4FB3D673FFAF40600" box="[1168,1378,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Araetus muscarum</emphasis>
|
||
(L.)) and a few hymenoptera parasitoids attack its larvae. For further biological information see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FB0E6752FAFD0624" author="Greenberg, B." box="[1187,1387,1626,1652]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref32550" refString="Greenberg, B. (1971) Flies and Disease. Vol. I. Ecology, classification and biotic associations. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 856 pp." type="book" year="1971">Greenberg (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C16FFA4FF3A6776FECF06C9" author="Skidmore, P." box="[151,345,1662,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref36277" refString="Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp." type="book" year="1985">Skidmore (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |