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<document id="6367F1FB26A8CD9C58CB3526012F08F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="6511" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60b20347-bd1b-438d-b572-79963e90c61b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749043" ID-ZooBank="3B93D7A3-5624-4EA0-8EBE-9814386FF44E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620737343650" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bromley-Schnur, Heather J." docDate="2021" docId="03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4969.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4969 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phagocata punctata Bromley-Schnur 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="300" masterDocId="FFD0257AFFF0FFA9C863FF951812FF89" masterDocTitle="The genus Phagocata Leidy (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Israel, a new species of Phagocata from Lake Kinneret, and an emended description of Dugesia salina" masterLastPageNumber="317" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="296" updateTime="1698938684648" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="11C3EAE6F3A4EAFEB17FBE8FA7A7E366">The genus Phagocata Leidy (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Israel, a new species of Phagocata from Lake Kinneret, and an emended description of Dugesia salina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="488D44EEC533D79B0FF4CB1462F056D4">Bromley-Schnur, Heather J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="795D729A72749B94AFCB28BB08B77DD9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9338C0BBD11E7B5CD049FCD440E457B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="66E8DA79D19DC50000DAA1BFA2B9C1AF">2021-05-11</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CC5377297F059ACBF2341CBCA1F2D3D0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA6203E4FCA140ADBDBB81FE2F42DBD1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182384663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFF3FFAAC8F4FF0219FCFF38" box="[151,494,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8F4FF0219FCFF38" blockId="3.[151,494,151,214]" box="[151,494,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<heading id="D0B75B78FFF3FFAAC8F4FF0219FCFF38" bold="true" box="[151,494,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8F4FF0219FCFF38" bold="true" box="[151,494,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAAC8F4FF02199BFF38" authority="Bromley-Schnur, 2021" authorityName="Bromley-Schnur" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,393,151,178]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8F4FF02199BFF38" bold="true" box="[151,393,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Phagocata punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2078D7DFFF3FFAAC9F2FF0219FCFF38" box="[401,494,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFF3FFAAC8F4FF2E19CDFF5F" box="[151,479,187,214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8F4FF2E19CDFF5F" blockId="3.[151,494,151,214]" box="[151,479,187,214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
(
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF3FFAAC8FCFF2E18F4FF5C" box="[159,230,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,2007,2031]" captionTargetBox="[235,1346,1051,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-420@1.[209,1379,1029,1984]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution records of the two Phagocata species and of Dugesia salina in northern Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749047/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF3FFAAC897FF2E190AFF5C" box="[244,280,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-56@2.[151,1436,561,1793]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of living adult worms. A. Phagocata punctata from Lake Kinneret, total length 5.5 mm; B. Phagocata armeniaca from Banias, total length 6.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF3FFAAC947FF2E1942FF5F" box="[292,336,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox-0="[243,1382,224,1810]" captionTargetBox-1="[243,1319,233,1868]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,381,1361]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@5.[151,1436,181,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure-31@6.[204,1383,181,1898]" captionTargetId-2="figure-95@7.[151,1436,381,1361]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Phagocata punctata from Lake Kinneret. A. Habitus, showing reproductive system, from whole mount. B. Digestive system of a young specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction through the copulatory apparatus, based on HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype) and HUJ.Kin.2 (paratype). Scale bar represents 1 mm in A and B, and 200 µm in C." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Phagocata punctata. Photomicrographs of the copulatory apparatus. A, B. Sagittal sections through penis, from HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype). C. Transverse section through penis, from HUJ.Kin.3 (paratype). Scale bar represents 200 µm in A and B, and 100 µm in C." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Karyograms and mitotic metaphase plates of Phagocata punctata. The karyograms A and B were extracted from the metaphase plates A and B." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749051" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749053" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749055" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4749051/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4749053/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4749055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
3
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC951FF2E1952FF5C" bold="true" box="[306,320,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">–</emphasis>
5
</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6C2D9AFFFF3FFAAC93FFF2E19C4FF5F" box="[348,470,187,214]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStart-3="TABLE 4" captionStart-4="TABLE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,440,464]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,239,368,392]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,239,1166,1190]" captionStartId-3="12.[151,239,1124,1148]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,239,1560,1584]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="TABLE 1. External morphology of the two species of Phagocata." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Mean values and standard deviations of the relative length of chromosomes for both species of Phagocata." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Mean values and standard deviations of centromeric indices for both species of Phagocata." captionText-3="TABLE 4. Data on cocoons and emergence of young at 18 oC of Phagocata armeniaca and Phagocata punctata." captionText-4="TABLE 5. Cumulative cocoon production of 10 animals per jar of Phagocata armeniaca, Phagocata punctata and F 1 cross, over 100 days at different temperatures." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFFBFFA2C8F4FEE51D96FE01" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFFCFFA5C8F4FBF11D5CFBF5" httpUri-4="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFFCFFA5C8F4F98D1A97F9DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" tableUuid-0="DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" tableUuid-1="DF3FBC9CFFFBFFA2C8F4FEE51D96FE01" tableUuid-3="DF3FBC9CFFFCFFA5C8F4FBF11D5CFBF5" tableUuid-4="DF3FBC9CFFFCFFA5C8F4F98D1A97F9DA">
Tables 1
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC9D9FF2E19DAFF5C" bold="true" box="[442,456,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">–</emphasis>
5
</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFF3FFAAC8F4FE961B14FC67" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8F4FE9619CFFE00" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8F4FE9619E5FE94" bold="true" box="[151,503,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFF3FFAAC9E9FE9619E5FE94" box="[394,503,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. HUJ.Kin.1, sagittal sections on 3 slides;
<materialsCitation id="3B28E649FFF3FFAACBB5FE9619C8FE00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117132304" collectingDate="1972-06" country="Israel" county="Hebrew University" location="Material" municipality="Evolution" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jerusalem" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAACBB5FE961C45FE94" bold="true" box="[982,1111,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFF3FFAACBB5FE961C40FE94" box="[982,1106,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
HUJ.Kin.2, sagittal sections on 3 slides; HUJ.Kin.3, transverse sections on 7 slides. From laboratory culture, collected in the field,
<date id="FFFECAD4FFF3FFAACD41FEBD1D8AFEC8" box="[1314,1432,295,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" value="1972-06">
<collectingDate id="EFBA333CFFF3FFAACD41FEBD1D8AFEC8" box="[1314,1432,295,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" value="1972-06">June 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="8E9FBACFFFF3FFAAC8F4FEDE18E4FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC:8E9FBACFFFF3FFAAC8F4FEDE18E4FEEC" box="[151,246,331,357]" country="Israel" county="Hebrew University" municipality="Evolution" name="Material" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Jerusalem">Material</location>
deposited in the
<location id="8E9FBACFFFF3FFAAC9D1FEDE1AA3FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC:8E9FBACFFFF3FFAAC9D1FEDE1AA3FEEC" box="[434,689,331,357]" country="Israel" county="Hebrew University" municipality="Evolution" name="Zoological Collections" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Jerusalem">Zoological Collections</location>
of the
<location id="8E9FBACFFFF3FFAACA9EFED91C11FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC:8E9FBACFFFF3FFAACA9EFED91C11FEEC" box="[765,1027,331,358]" country="Israel" county="Hebrew University" municipality="Evolution" name="Department of Ecology" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Jerusalem">Department of Ecology</location>
,
<location id="8E9FBACFFFF3FFAACC6EFEDE1C81FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC:8E9FBACFFFF3FFAACC6EFEDE1C81FEEC" box="[1037,1171,331,357]" country="Israel" county="Hebrew University" municipality="Evolution" name="Systematics" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Jerusalem">Systematics</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B766EFFF3FFAACCABFEDE1D2BFEEC" box="[1224,1337,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Evolution</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="629E9498FFF3FFAACD27FEDE191CFE00" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Hebrew University</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="498422F6FFF3FFAAC979FEFA199FFE00" box="[282,397,367,393]" country="Israel" name="Jerusalem" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Jerusalem</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFF3FFAAC9FBFEFA19C8FE00" box="[408,474,367,393]" name="Israel" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Israel</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FE061935FE5B" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<materialsCitation id="3B28E649FFF3FFAAC8A4FE061931FE5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117132301" latitude="32.764687" location="Two" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.638203" municipality="Lake Kinneret" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8A4FE06194DFE24" bold="true" box="[199,351,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFF3FFAAC8A4FE061910FE24" box="[199,258,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
.
<location id="8E9FBACFFFF3FFAAC90FFE01198FFE27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E95D02FFF3FFAEC8F4FF021A90FEEC:8E9FBACFFFF3FFAAC90FFE01198FFE27" box="[364,413,404,430]" latitude="32.764687" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.638203" municipality="Lake Kinneret" name="Two" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Two</location>
adjacent sites in the littoral water off the south-eastern shore of
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B766EFFF3FFAACC00FE061D15FE24" box="[1123,1287,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Lake Kinneret</collectingMunicipality>
:
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFF3FFAACD72FE061D8EFE24" box="[1297,1436,403,429]" degrees="32.764688" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" precision="1" value="32.764687">N32.764688</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE748AD3FFF3FFAAC8F4FE221931FE5B" box="[151,291,439,466]" degrees="35.638202" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" precision="1" value="35.638203">E35.638202</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FE4E1A8CFD0C" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8A4FE4E1938FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,298,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Habitat.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54FB52B6FFF3FFAAC900FE491981FE7F" box="[355,403,476,502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">type</typeStatus>
locality of Lake Kinneret where
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAACB64FE4E1B84FE7C" authorityName="Bromley-Schnur" authorityYear="2021" box="[775,918,475,501]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAACB64FE4E1B84FE7C" box="[775,918,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found lies in the River
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFF3FFAACCB2FE4E1D0EFE7C" box="[1233,1308,475,501]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Jordan</collectingCountry>
Rift Valley and is presently about
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFF3FFAAC9FBFE6A19F2FD93" box="[408,480,511,538]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="209.0">209 m</quantity>
below sea level.
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAACAC6FE6A1B24FD90" authorityName="Bromley-Schnur" authorityYear="2021" box="[677,822,511,537]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAACAC6FE6A1B24FD90" box="[677,822,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was usually found in clusters in small crevices on the undersides of small pitted rocks and boulders at a depth of
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFF3FFAACB5AFDB61BC6FDB7" box="[825,980,547,574]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="cm" value="100.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 150 cm</quantity>
. These rocks typically also bore patches of a sponge,
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAAC94AFDD21AF5FDE8" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[297,743,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Malawispongiidae" genus="Cortispongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="barroisi">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC94AFDD21A3FFDE8" box="[297,557,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Cortispongilla barroisi</emphasis>
(Topsent, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
and a bryozoan,
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAACBC9FDD21D7CFDE8" authority="Blumenbach, 1779" authorityName="Blumenbach" authorityYear="1779" box="[938,1390,583,609]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Fredericellidae" genus="Fredericella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sultana">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAACBC9FDD21C9DFDE8" box="[938,1167,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Fredericella sultana</emphasis>
Blumenbach, 1779
</taxonomicName>
. No other triclads were found at these littoral sites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FD1A1B14FC67" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
The lake water is subject to considerable seasonal temperature fluctuations of between 14 and 29
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and the average salinity measured in 1972–3 was around
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/l Cl´. However, in the past, both the water level and the salinity have fluctuated greatly, the water level ranging from a maximum of about
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to about
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below sea level (
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) and the salinity ranging from about
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/l Cl´ to a peak of
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/l Cl´ in the early 1960s. In the mid-1960s, considerable amounts of saline water were diverted into a salt-water channel from western saline springs at the edge of the lake to the lower
<collectingCountry id="F357AC84FFF3FFAACA19FCD61AD7FCD4" box="[634,709,835,861]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Jordan</collectingCountry>
River, and subsequently, the salinity levels of the lake decreased by about 30% (
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). In 2018, after several years of drought as well as increased irrigation diversion for agriculture, historically low levels of water in the lake, to -
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, resulted, and the salinity again rose to almost
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/l Cl´, one of its highest levels in 50 years. By spring 2020, after an exceptionally rainy winter, the lake level again rose by just over
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFF3FFAACA6CFC461A28FC67" box="[527,570,979,1006]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
to almost -
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.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFF3FFAAC8A4FC621CC1FB28" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FC621CC1FB28" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8A4FC621950FB98" bold="true" box="[199,322,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAAC928FC621A22FB98" authority="Bromley-Schnur, 2021" authorityName="Bromley-Schnur" authorityYear="2021" box="[331,560,1015,1041]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC928FC621A22FB98" box="[331,560,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Phagocata punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2078D7DFFF3FFAACA59FC6D1A81FB9B" box="[570,659,1016,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by grey or grey-brown spots on a light grey background dorsally, very light or white ventrally. It has a large distinct penis bulb with a short blunt, conical papilla. There is a blind-ending caecum in the penis, lying ventrally to the ejaculatory duct, extending back into the penis bulb where it has an enlarged lumen. The caecum opens into the distal part of the ejaculatory duct. Chromosome portrait: diploid (2n = 34), with the first chromosome pair about twice as long as the second pair.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFF3FFAAC8A4FB3E1D12FB4C" box="[199,1280,1195,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FB3E1D12FB4C" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,1280,1195,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8A4FB3E195AFB4C" bold="true" box="[199,328,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet refers to the spotted or speckled appearance of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35ABF9FFFF3FFAEC8A4FB5A1A90FEEC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FB5A1BF9FA87" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC8A4FB5A194BFB60" bold="true" box="[199,345,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Description.</emphasis>
The main external features of
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAACAD7FB5A1B56FB60" authorityName="Bromley-Schnur" authorityYear="2021" box="[692,836,1231,1257]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAACAD7FB5A1B56FB60" box="[692,836,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shown in
<tableCitation id="C6C2D9AFFFF3FFAACB87FB5A1C25FB60" box="[996,1079,1231,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,440,464]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. External morphology of the two species of Phagocata." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" tableUuid="DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59">Table 1</tableCitation>
, where they are compared with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAAC89BFB66198FFA84" baseAuthorityName="Komarek" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[248,413,1267,1293]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAAC89BFB66198FFA84" box="[248,413,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Ph. armeniaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a description of which follows that of
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF3FFAACB36FB661BF6FA84" authorityName="Bromley-Schnur" authorityYear="2021" box="[853,996,1267,1293]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF3FFAACB36FB661BF6FA84" box="[853,996,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4FA821975F9A4" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
There are numerous small pigmentation granules beneath the basement membrane of the dorsal epithelium and large intermittent clusters of pigment underlying the dorsal musculature. The pharynx is composed of two muscle layers in the outer muscle sheet. Both the outer, longitudinal layer and the inner circular layer are about
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thick. Cyanophilous glands are seen in the head region under the dorsal musculature, extending posteriorly about halfway to the pharynx insertion and anteriorly to the tip of the head. They are well developed ventrally in the median body region and also around the ovaries where they extend to the dorsal body wall. There are also many cyanophilous glands in the region of the pharynx insertion. The mouth opens just beyond the posterior end of the pharyngeal pouch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4F9A2195DF88C" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
The ovaries are situated ventrally, just behind the brain, at about 1/6
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of the distance between the brain and the root of pharynx, after the first main lateral digestive branch. They are round to oval in shape, measuring
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dorso-ventrally and
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antero-posteriorly. The oviducts leave the ovaries from a mid-lateral position and lie above the ventral nerve cords. The right oviduct passes on the right side of the penis while the left one lies between the penis and the bursal canal. The common oviduct enters the bursal canal dorsally, near its junction with the male atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF3FFAAC8A4F89A1B39F8F8" blockId="3.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
The testes have a ventral position, but may extend into the dorsal part of the body as well. The testes extend from the posterior level of the ovaries almost to the tip of the tail. They are round to pear-shaped,
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in diameter, lying in two rows, one on either side of the body.
</paragraph>
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The copulatory bursa is large, sacciform and thin-walled, measuring
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dorso-ventrally and
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antero-posteriorly. It often contains one or more spermatophores. The spermatophore bulbs measured around
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFF3FFAAC8F4F85618FCF857" box="[151,238,1987,2014]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
and the stalks up to
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. The bursal canal exits from the dorsal posterior part of the bursa and lies dorsally, to the left of the penis. The muscle sheath of the canal is of uniform thickness and consists of a thin layer of circular muscle surrounded by an outer longitudinal muscle layer. It is lined with an epithelium of tall, columnar ciliated cells with basal nuclei. The bursal canal dilates near the atrium. The female, male and common atria are distinct. The male atrium has a dorsal epithelium of cuboid cells and a ventral epithelium of flattened cells. It is surrounded by a layer of subepithelial circular and then longitudinal muscle fibres. The female atrium lies to the left of the common atrium and as a diverticulum of it. A group of eosinophilic cells, presumed to be shell glands, enter the common atrium. There is a short gonoduct, about
<quantity id="4CB841F1FFF4FFADCAA4FEFA1B0CFE00" box="[711,798,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF4FFADCBF5FEFA1BCCFE00" box="[918,990,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[243,1382,224,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,181,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phagocata punctata from Lake Kinneret. A. Habitus, showing reproductive system, from whole mount. B. Digestive system of a young specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction through the copulatory apparatus, based on HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype) and HUJ.Kin.2 (paratype). Scale bar represents 1 mm in A and B, and 200 µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749051/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF4FFADCB88FEFA1BEEFE00" box="[1003,1020,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[243,1319,233,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-31@6.[204,1383,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phagocata punctata. Photomicrographs of the copulatory apparatus. A, B. Sagittal sections through penis, from HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype). C. Transverse section through penis, from HUJ.Kin.3 (paratype). Scale bar represents 200 µm in A and B, and 100 µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749053/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" ID-Table-UUID="DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" box="[151,857,440,464]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" startId="4.[151,239,440,464]" targetBox="[166,1407,480,1339]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1B4BFE59" blockId="4.[151,857,440,464]" box="[151,857,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADC8F4FE2D1911FE59" bold="true" box="[151,259,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. External morphology of the two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF4FFADCABDFE2D1B40FE59" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1847" box="[734,850,440,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADCABDFE2D1B40FE59" box="[734,850,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Phagocata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF4FFADC9EAFE751D17FAB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<table id="F9401EB4FFF40056C8C5FE751D6DFAB2" box="[166,1407,480,1339]" gridcols="3" gridrows="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FE751D6DFE71" box="[166,1407,480,504]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFE751B6EFE71" box="[393,892,480,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF4FFADC9EAFE751AD6FE71" authority="(Lake Kinneret)" box="[393,708,480,504]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADC9EAFE751AD6FE71" bold="true" box="[393,708,480,504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADC9EAFE751A1DFE71" bold="true" box="[393,527,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
(Lake Kinneret)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFE751D6DFE71" box="[921,1407,480,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF4FFADCBFAFE751C81FE71" authority="(Banias)" baseAuthorityName="Banias" box="[921,1171,480,504]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADCBFAFE751C81FE71" bold="true" box="[921,1171,480,504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADCBFAFE751C21FE71" bold="true" box="[921,1075,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Ph. armeniaca</emphasis>
(Banias)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FD9C1D6DFDCC" box="[166,1407,521,581]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FD9C1948FDCC" box="[166,346,521,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Head shape (living animal)</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFD9C1B6EFDCC" box="[393,892,521,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Truncate, auricular lobes usually less distinct</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFD9C1D6DFDCC" box="[921,1407,521,581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Truncate, often with small but well-defined auricular lobes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FDC01D6DFD77" box="[166,1407,597,766]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FDC01948FD77" box="[166,346,597,766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Pigmentation</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFDC01B6EFD77" box="[393,892,597,766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Dark and medium grey or grey-brown spots on light grey background dorsally, with oval pig- ment-free area around eyes. Pigment sometimes more concentrated in head region, over pharynx and tail tip. Very light or white ventrally</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFDC01D6DFD77" box="[921,1407,597,766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Uniform or slightly speckled to medium or dark brown dorsally, with small oval, pigment-free area around eyes. Pale ventrally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FC981D6DFCC3" box="[166,1407,781,842]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FC981948FCC3" box="[166,346,781,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Size in field</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFC981B6EFCC3" box="[393,892,781,842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Mature: Nov. to Mar., 4.5–6 mm; Immature: Nov. to Mar., 2.5–4.5 mm, Apr. to Sept., 2–7 mm</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFC981D6DFCC3" box="[921,1407,781,842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Mature: 6–8 mm; Immature: 2.5–5.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FCCF1D6DFCFB" box="[166,1407,858,882]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FCCF1948FCFB" box="[166,346,858,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Size in laboratory</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFCCF1B6EFCFB" box="[393,892,858,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Sexually mature: up to 10 mm</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFCCF1D6DFCFB" box="[921,1407,858,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Sexually mature: up to 13 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FC171D6DFC37" box="[166,1407,898,958]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FC171948FC37" box="[166,346,898,958]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Eyes</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFC171B6EFC37" box="[393,892,898,958]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Distance to anterior margin: 2–3 times distance apart. Anterior-posterior length ± 55 µm</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFC171D6DFC37" box="[921,1407,898,958]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Distance to anterior margin: 2–2.5 times dis- tance apart. Anterior-posterior length ± 70 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FC5B1D6DFC6F" box="[166,1407,974,998]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FC5B1948FC6F" box="[166,346,974,998]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Pharynx insertion</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFC5B1B6EFC6F" box="[393,892,974,998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Approx. halfway down body length</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFC5B1D6DFC6F" box="[921,1407,974,998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Approx. 2/5ths down body length</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FC631D6DFB86" box="[166,1407,1014,1039]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FC631948FB86" box="[166,346,1014,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Pharynx length</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFC631B6EFB86" box="[393,892,1014,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Approx. 1/6th of total body length</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFC631D6DFB86" box="[921,1407,1014,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Approx. 1/5th of total body length</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FB8B1D6DFB2A" box="[166,1407,1054,1187]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FB8B1948FB2A" box="[166,346,1054,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Digestive system, adults</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFB8B1B6EFB2A" box="[393,892,1054,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">About 6 anterior lateral branches, 12–14 poste- rior ones each sub-divided several times. General impression of highly branched system</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFB8B1D6DFB2A" box="[921,1407,1054,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">About 5-6 anterior lateral branches, 10–12 posterior ones which are subdivided only once or twice. General impression of sparsely branched system.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FB261D6DFA9B" box="[166,1407,1203,1298]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FB261948FA9B" box="[166,346,1203,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Digestive system, newly hatched worms</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFB261B6EFA9B" box="[393,892,1203,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">3–4 anterior branches, sometimes reaching level of eyes; 8–9 posterior branches</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFB261D6DFA9B" box="[921,1407,1203,1298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">4–6 anterior branches, reaching to just posterior to eyes; 9–10 posterior branches</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3570EE56FFF40056C8C5FAB61D6DFAB2" box="[166,1407,1315,1339]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<th id="76A1872AFFF40056C8C5FAB61948FAB2" box="[166,346,1315,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Gonopore</th>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056C9EAFAB61B6EFAB2" box="[393,892,1315,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">About 3/8th distance between mouth and tail tip</td>
<td id="76A1872AFFF40056CBFAFAB61D6DFAB2" box="[921,1407,1315,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Halfway between mouth and tail tip</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF4FFADC8A4FAFE1CEEF99C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1387,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
There is a large distinct penis bulb with a small and blunt, conical papilla. There is a ring of outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle near the papilla tip. The vasa deferentia enter the penis antero-laterally and open into a distinct round or oval seminal vesicle lined with smooth flat epithelium and surrounded by circular muscle. There is a muscular constriction in the globular seminal vesicle which partially divides the seminal vesicle into two parts. The ejaculatory duct exits from the distal part, forming a narrow tube opening terminally (
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF4FFADCCEAFA6E1CC3F99C" box="[1161,1233,1531,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[243,1382,224,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,181,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phagocata punctata from Lake Kinneret. A. Habitus, showing reproductive system, from whole mount. B. Digestive system of a young specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction through the copulatory apparatus, based on HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype) and HUJ.Kin.2 (paratype). Scale bar represents 1 mm in A and B, and 200 µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749051/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF4FFADCCBDFA6E1CFDF99C" box="[1246,1263,1531,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[243,1319,233,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-31@6.[204,1383,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phagocata punctata. Photomicrographs of the copulatory apparatus. A, B. Sagittal sections through penis, from HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype). C. Transverse section through penis, from HUJ.Kin.3 (paratype). Scale bar represents 200 µm in A and B, and 100 µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749053/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF4FFADC8A4F98A19CCF940" blockId="4.[151,1437,1387,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
The most outstanding characteristic of the reproductive system of
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF4FFADCBD1F98A1C50F9B1" box="[946,1090,1567,1593]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADCBD1F98A1C50F9B1" box="[946,1090,1567,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the caecum, a blind-ending, kidney-shaped tube lying ventrally to the ejaculatory duct in the penis papilla and opening into the distal portion of the ejaculatory duct. The caecum extends back the whole length of the penis papilla and into the penis bulb where it has an enlarged lumen at its blind end. The lumen of the caecum and of the ejaculatory duct become continuous at the tip of the penis papilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF4FFADC8A4F94619B9F828" blockId="4.[151,1437,1387,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADC8A4F9461A15F964" bold="true" box="[199,519,1746,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
Karyology of
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF4FFADC908F94719EDF964" box="[363,511,1746,1773]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF4FFADC908F94719EDF964" bold="true" box="[363,511,1746,1773]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Ph. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Thirty mitotic metaphase plates from
<specimenCount id="9D46279DFFF4FFADCBD5F9461C4CF964" box="[950,1118,1747,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
studied revealed 17 pairs of chromosomes.
<figureCitation id="137BF091FFF4FFADC922F962198DF898" box="[321,415,1782,1809]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1361]" captionTargetId="figure-95@7.[151,1436,381,1361]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Karyograms and mitotic metaphase plates of Phagocata punctata. The karyograms A and B were extracted from the metaphase plates A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749055/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Figure 5</figureCitation>
shows three sets of chromosomes, two of which show the presence of a small supernumerary chromosome, about ½ the size of chromosome 17. The first pair of chromosomes are significantly larger than all the others, with number 2 being approximately half the size of number 1. Number 3 is noticeably smaller than number 2 and pairs 4 to 17 decrease gradually in size, although several pairs are indistinguishable. Pair 17 is about 1/5
<superScript id="7C35415CFFF4FFADC8D8F81318DAF81D" attach="left" box="[187,200,1926,1940]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">th</superScript>
the size of pair one.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFF5FFACC8F4F8FF1BF5F843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" startId="5.[151,250,1898,1922]" targetBox="[243,1382,224,1810]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF5FFACC8F4F8FF1BF5F843" blockId="5.[151,1437,1898,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF5FFACC8F4F8FF1901F80B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1898,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF5FFACC979F8FF19C8F80B" box="[282,474,1898,1922]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctat">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF5FFACC979F8FF19C8F80B" box="[282,474,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Phagocata punctat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a from Lake Kinneret. A. Habitus, showing reproductive system, from whole mount. B. Digestive system of a young specimen. C. Sagittal reconstruction through the copulatory apparatus, based on HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype) and HUJ.Kin.2 (paratype). Scale bar represents 1 mm in A and B, and 200 µm in C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3FBC9CFFF6FFAFC8F4F8141974F86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4749053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4749053/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" startId="6.[151,250,1921,1945]" targetBox="[243,1319,233,1868]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF6FFAFC8F4F8141974F86B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1921,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF6FFAFC8F4F8141907F813" bold="true" box="[151,277,1921,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF6FFAFC97EF81719E0F810" box="[285,498,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF6FFAFC97EF81719FCF810" box="[285,494,1922,1946]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctata">Phagocata punctata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of the copulatory apparatus. A, B. Sagittal sections through penis, from HUJ.Kin.1 (holotype). C. Transverse section through penis, from HUJ.Kin.3 (paratype). Scale bar represents 200 µm in A and B, and 100 µm in C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF7FFAEC8A4FF021967FE94" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="300">Chromosome 1 is large and metacentric with the highest centromeric index value. Chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 &amp; 11 are all submetacentric, but number 3 is borderline submetacentric-subtelocentric. All other chromosomes are metacentric or borderline metacentric-submetacentric. The standard deviations for the centromeric indices are rather high in many cases.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFEC14FFF7FFAEC8A4FEB21A90FEEC" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="300">
<tableCitation id="C6C2D9AFFFF7FFAEC8A4FEB21934FEC8" box="[199,294,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,368,392]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean values and standard deviations of the relative length of chromosomes for both species of Phagocata." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3FBC9CFFFBFFA2C8F4FEE51D96FE01" pageId="7" pageNumber="300" tableUuid="DF3FBC9CFFFBFFA2C8F4FEE51D96FE01">Tables 2</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="C6C2D9AFFFF7FFAEC93CFEB2197FFEC8" box="[351,365,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1166,1190]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean values and standard deviations of centromeric indices for both species of Phagocata." pageId="7" pageNumber="300">3</tableCitation>
show a comparison of mean values and standard deviations of the relative lengths and centromeric indices of both species of
<emphasis id="B9343006FFF7FFAECA61FEDE1A90FEEC" box="[514,642,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicName id="4C409797FFF7FFAECA61FEDE1A6DFEEC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1847" box="[514,639,331,357]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="300" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Phagocata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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