128 lines
15 KiB
XML
128 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="389208CBB650D6530586AB7A33234848" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157770" ID-GBIF-Dataset="339e25ed-4a1a-49a1-ba5d-125e2b916e94" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157770" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461020706589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bamber, Roger N." docDate="2004" docId="03DA87F76C7855201B2AFEBBFBC47B25" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00551.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 551" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pallenopsidae Fry 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFE3FF8F6C75552D1A22FFA0FF887E3C" masterDocTitle="Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from French Cruises to Melanesia" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698570153477" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5DDE2D20C6E6EA2AAF7EB2192A5B3379">Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from French Cruises to Melanesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D9C290F2241CF2EE158FFCA1AD3C82F0">Bamber, Roger N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7EEAD2164B09F5F425836F34DFAC39A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="890AADE3A6E5F435C99BD116ECBD7EB5">
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<mods:date id="89FFCA2C577482A7A29F57A0DFF95E9B">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63E395289ACB0B9ABEBD550BDD3C0BAF">551</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8EF2008DF5968869ACFA198769B3462A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157770</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DA87F76C7855201B2AFEBBFBC47B25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694670" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119602784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87F76C7855201B2AFEBBFBC47B25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F76C7855201B2AFEBBFBC47B25" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C369656A6C7855201B2AFEBBFC627FC5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B2AFEBBFDB97F09" blockId="13.[264,561,283,309]" box="[264,561,283,309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201B2AFEBBFDB97F09" ID-CoL="84KLL" authority="Fry, 1978" authorityName="Fry" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,561,283,309]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pallenopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C7855201B2AFEBBFDB97F09" bold="true" box="[264,561,283,309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pallenopsidae Fry, 1978</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B2AFEC7FC627FC5" blockId="13.[264,1325,359,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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There has been an erratic history of the familial attribution of species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201EC1FEC7FE737F95" authority="Wilson, 1881" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" genus="Pallenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C7855201EC1FEC7FEDB7F94" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pallenopsis</emphasis>
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Wilson, 1881
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</taxonomicName>
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. For many years it was placed within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C78552019C5FE2FFB147F95" box="[999,1180,399,425]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Callipallenidae</taxonomicName>
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, with which it was consistent in having,
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C785520187AFE17FD4D7FEC" box="[600,709,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">inter alia</emphasis>
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, a 10articled oviger in both sexes, palps absent or present only as small, onearticled buds, and functional chelae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C369656A6C7855201B1AFDA7FBC47B25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B1AFDA7FD147CA5" blockId="13.[264,1325,359,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201B1AFDA7FE5B7C1D" author="Stock" box="[312,467,519,545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" refString="Stock, J. H. (1978) Abyssal Pycnogonida from the North-eastern Atlantic Basin, Part I. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 19, 189 - 219." type="journal article" year="1978">Stock (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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transferred the genus to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201913FDA7FC7C7C1D" box="[817,1012,519,545]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoxichilidiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201E15FDA7FEDF7C75" author="Arnaud" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Arnaud, F. & Bamber, R. N. (1987) The Biology of Pycnogonida. Advances in Marine Biology, 24, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1987">Arnaud and Bamber (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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followed his example.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201844FD8FFD7D7C75" author="Child" box="[614,757,559,585]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Child, C. A. (1992) Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Gulf of Mexico. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises, 9 (1), 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1992">Child (1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201923FD8FFCB57C75" author="Child" box="[769,829,559,585]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Child, C. A. (1995) Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida: V, The families Pycnogonidae, Phoxichilidiidae, Endeididae and Callipallenidae, including the Genus Pallenopsis. Biology of the Antarctic Seas XXIV (Ed. S. D. Cairns). American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, 69, 113 - 165." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
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) returned the genus to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201E50FD8FFAAE7C75" box="[1138,1318,559,585]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Callipallenidae</taxonomicName>
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, an opinion supported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201814FDF7FD707C4D" author="Bamber" box="[566,760,599,625]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Bamber, R. N. (2002 a) Morphological variation in and a redescription of Pallenopsis (Bathypallenopsis) tritonis Hoek, 1883 (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Journal of Natural History, 36, 157 - 172." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Bamber (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
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as the protonymphon larva was not consistent with those of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201BF1FDDFFD1F7CA5" box="[467,663,639,665]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoxichilidiidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B1AFD07FCD27D2D" blockId="13.[264,1325,359,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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All of these opinions were attempting to fit the genus into one of the existing families of the Pycnogonida, despite the fact that at least two of those were generally accepted as being polyphyletic (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201804FD57FCC57D2D" author="Arnaud" box="[550,845,759,785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Arnaud, F. & Bamber, R. N. (1987) The Biology of Pycnogonida. Advances in Marine Biology, 24, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1987">Arnaud & Bamber, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B1AFCBFFC8C7A15" blockId="13.[264,1325,359,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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In his multivariate analyses, Fry (1978) found
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C785520197FFCBFFC6E7D04" box="[861,998,799,824]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" genus="Pallenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C785520197FFCBFFC6E7D04" box="[861,998,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pallenopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be isolated near (but not very close to)
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201B93FCE7FDEF7D5C" box="[433,615,839,864]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" genus="Anoplodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C7855201B93FCE7FDEF7D5C" box="[433,615,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anoplodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201883FCE7FCC07D5C" box="[673,840,839,864]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Prototrygaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C7855201883FCE7FCC07D5C" box="[673,840,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Prototrygaeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. He therefore proposed the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201EC4FCE7FEFB7DB5" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pallenopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pallenopsidae</taxonomicName>
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, within the suborder Pallenopsida. Although Fry maintained that the results of this analysis were only a "primary hypothesis of degrees of overall morphological similarities", when judged against the continuing controversy over the placement of this genus in relation to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201B98FC47FDE37A3D" box="[442,619,999,1025]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Callipallenidae</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C78552018F5FC47FC1F7A3D" box="[727,919,999,1025]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoxichilidiidae</taxonomicName>
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they reinforce the concept of the distinction of this genus at the family level.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B1AFB97FB667A45" blockId="13.[264,1325,359,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Recent cladistic analyses of the Pycnogonida (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201940FB97FB8B7A6D" author="Arango" box="[866,1027,1079,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Arango, C. P. (2002) Morphological phylogenetics of the sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 2, 107 - 125." type="journal article" year="2002">Arango 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B106C7855201E32FB97FBC47A6D" author="Arango" box="[1040,1100,1079,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Arango, C. P. (2003) Molecular approach to the phylogenetics of sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) using partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28, 588 - 600." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
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) indicated that the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201B76FBFFFE557A44" box="[340,477,1119,1144]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" genus="Pallenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C7855201B76FBFFFE557A44" box="[340,477,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pallenopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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related poorly to either the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201900FBFFFC6A7A45" box="[802,994,1119,1145]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoxichilidiidae</taxonomicName>
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or the
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201E16FBFFFB617A45" box="[1076,1257,1119,1145]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Callipallenidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Callipallenidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E16C7855201B1AFB27FBC47B25" blockId="13.[264,1325,359,1305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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It now seems appropriate to take the logical conclusion from these various clues, and recognize the genus as inappropriate to either of these families; rather, the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C7855201EC4FB0FFEF87ACD" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pallenopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pallenopsidae</taxonomicName>
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of Fry (1978) is reerected for
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D626C78552018FBFB77FCEA7ACC" box="[729,866,1239,1264]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Phoxichilidiidae" genus="Pallenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF36C78552018FBFB77FCEA7ACC" box="[729,866,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pallenopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It may further prove appropriate (or at least convenient) to raise Stock’s (1974) subgenera to full generic rank.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |