334 lines
31 KiB
XML
334 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="5E0EE4E3D029F0FCF28806F1FFAECCC4" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4240.1.1SLASH10425" ID-CLB-Dataset="36321" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.375759" ID-GBIF-Dataset="724a3c39-a2cc-44ec-a04c-bca7f2b79ebc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="375759" ID-ZooBank="9A463357-EEE2-4A70-BCB2-573052DB48CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1488961761786" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cao, Huan-Xi, Salle, John La & Zhu, Chao-Dong" docDate="2017" docId="03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4240.1.1SLASH10425.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4240 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pediobius pupariae Yang 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFE3FF8F3B6AFF94FF92FF9BFFA7FF83" masterDocTitle="Chinese species of Pediobius Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698437727269" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B48DE8015E8E9F7FFE33D90E5DABAEF7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="220FB7A73D34E5AEE3BCFE94C17AFD78">
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<mods:title id="B26CE679EB37365E407C22FA723E097E">Chinese species of Pediobius Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9530F6633FB3F5AAEBA6C0BFA0F0885A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E4D9B730B4AAEF276F643295C1C020DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0036AB13B3C2BB94D341CC24F7EB95E2">Cao, Huan-Xi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E509FC6BBD1B5B5E7D01DF81D498C989">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E9BCCF127757277F52CC340DE351001D">Salle, John La</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="98DD3994FA93FEEF7ADB3BB89C0C7A64" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C2953F3E94323243584541EFE9FEF0A6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7616239E6F483FA6EFD2BFD990DB91E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2AC0C59B708A3922078C592184DCD10C">Zhu, Chao-Dong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7762732ADC8A700496C5D3DFEA3FDE62">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="69A383CFD98D1056F9BB158DB6D06963">
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<mods:title id="4564A5EC7A0E4D9ECF8FD5BE50F3691C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AD9E473B2001CA1535043B49D739D662">
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<mods:date id="5172CBDC4F2FE307B61D5113F4E37469">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="04B081058564451DF19396E34BCEE469" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2B9FBCDE028075CEAD17C05B0DE1957F">4240</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="3182E03B11E1F3B3EF9D1D515605FFDF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C47AA4115C0935C1957BA7F3F5C1D6AF">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="89ABAB75092460E3062AE8B39AB14A68">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="360AF576DF5258B05EE2E7675311F6AC">71</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="4C13DF964FE64B65C894D1F04ACC6606">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="31769269A3A59BFA1525F1EFCF130247" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.375759</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9AA2725FABA27972087729CB76CB8E41" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="706C7E6F177962A96C5E2BC8668BBD88" type="Zenodo-Dep">375759</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694570" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127719799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C369656A3B7CFF82FF05FEDDFD89FEE3" box="[151,558,326,352]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF05FEDDFD89FEE3" blockId="22.[151,558,326,352]" box="[151,558,326,352]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D084818D3B7CFF82FF05FEDDFD89FEE3" bold="true" box="[151,558,326,352]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF05FEDDFD89FEE3" bold="true" box="[151,558,326,352]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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8.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FF26FEDDFD89FEE3" authority="Yang, 2015" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="2015" box="[180,558,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF26FEDDFE3AFEE3" bold="true" box="[180,413,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pediobius pupariae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B103B7CFF82FE37FEDDFD89FEE3" author="Yang" box="[421,558,326,352]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Yao, Y. X. & Cao, L. M. (2015) Chalcidoidea parasitizing forest defoliators (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 296 pp." type="book" year="2015">Yang, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C369656A3B7CFF82FF05FE11FE2AFDCC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF05FE11FBE0FE23" blockId="22.[151,1095,394,416]" box="[151,1095,394,416]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311CF3B7CFF82FF05FE11FBE0FE23" box="[151,1095,394,416]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FF05FE11FD3FFE23" authority="Yang, in Yang et al. 2015: 119" authorityName="Yang, in Yang et al." authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,664,394,416]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF05FE11FEF9FE23" box="[151,350,394,416]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pediobius pupariae</emphasis>
|
||
Yang,
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<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE37FE10FE1EFE23" box="[421,441,395,416]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">in</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F03B7CFF82FE2DFE10FD3FFE23" author="Yang" box="[447,664,394,416]" page="119" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2015">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B103B7CFF82FE2DFE10FDCFFE23" author="Yang" box="[447,616,394,416]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Yao, Y. X. & Cao, L. M. (2015) Chalcidoidea parasitizing forest defoliators (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 296 pp." type="book" year="2015">
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||
Yang
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<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE68FE10FD81FE23" box="[506,550,394,416]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 119
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–122; ♀♂. Holotype ♀, CAFB, examined.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF05FE51FE2AFDCC" blockId="22.[151,1437,458,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FF05FE51FED1FE60" box="[151,374,458,483]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF05FE51FED1FE60" box="[151,374,458,483]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pediobius pupariae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was described in very detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B103B7CFF82FD6BFE50FC76FE60" box="[761,977,458,483]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Yao, Y. X. & Cao, L. M. (2015) Chalcidoidea parasitizing forest defoliators (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 296 pp." type="book">
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||
Yang
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<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FCAFFE57FCD5FE60" box="[829,882,458,483]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
. This species is extremely similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FA15FE57FE83FD85" ID-CoL="75YKP" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FA15FE57FA32FE60" box="[1415,1429,460,483]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF05FE74FE83FD85" box="[151,292,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">crassicornis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FEB1FE74FE80FD85" box="[291,295,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on our observations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C888433B7CFF82FD51FE74FD54FD84" box="[707,755,495,519]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FC30FE74FB80FD85" box="[930,1063,495,518]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FC30FE74FC17FD85" box="[930,944,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FC50FE74FB80FD85" box="[962,1063,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pupariae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, the most significant difference between them is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FE00FD8FFDB0FDA8" box="[402,535,531,555]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE00FD8FFE07FDA8" box="[402,416,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE20FD8FFDB0FDA8" box="[434,535,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pupariae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
with a median carina on propodeum, while
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FBB2FD8FFB6FFDA8" ID-CoL="75YKP" box="[1056,1224,531,555]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FBB2FD8FFB89FDA8" box="[1056,1070,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FBADFD8FFB6FFDA8" box="[1087,1224,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">crassicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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without a median carina on propodeum.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C369656A3B7CFF82FF55FDC1FF53FD5C" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF55FDC1FF53FD5C" blockId="22.[151,1437,458,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CBC3B7CFF82FF55FDC1FC9EFD14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438476464" collectingDate="1998-03-25" collectionCode="CAFB" county="Material" location="Zhifu District" municipality="Yantai" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Shandong" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF55FDC1FD88FDF0" bold="true" box="[199,559,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<collectingCounty id="62AD4E6D3B7CFF82FF55FDC1FE88FDF0" box="[199,303,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material</collectingCounty>
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||
examined.
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||
<typeStatus id="54C888433B7CFF82FE50FDC1FD88FDF0" box="[450,559,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD683B7CFF82FDAEFDC0FDF6FDF1" box="[572,593,603,626]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FDF6FDC1FD70FDF0" box="[612,727,602,627]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Shandong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8AC9B3B7CFF82FD7AFDC1FC94FDF0" box="[744,819,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Yantai</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EAC603A3B7CFF82FCD1FDC1FC42FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78:8EAC603A3B7CFF82FCD1FDC1FC42FDF0" box="[835,997,602,627]" county="Material" municipality="Yantai" name="Zhifu District" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Shandong">Zhifu District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCD10213B7CFF82FC64FDC1FBD1FDF0" box="[1014,1142,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1998-03-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF89E9C93B7CFF82FC64FDC1FBD1FDF0" box="[1014,1142,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1998-03-25">25.III.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll. Zhong-Qi
|
||
<location id="8EAC603A3B7CFF82FAD2FDC0FADDFDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78:8EAC603A3B7CFF82FAD2FDC0FADDFDF0" box="[1344,1402,603,627]" county="Material" municipality="Yantai" name="Yang" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Shandong">Yang</location>
|
||
&
|
||
<location id="8EAC603A3B7CFF82FF05FDE5FECAFD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78:8EAC603A3B7CFF82FF05FDE5FECAFD14" box="[151,365,638,663]" county="Material" municipality="Yantai" name="Chuan-Zhen Wang" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Shandong">Chuan-Zhen Wang</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE243B7CFF82FEEFFDE4FE6CFD14" box="[381,459,639,663]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13057" name="Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CAFB</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE73FDE4FE5DFD15" box="[481,506,639,662]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ex</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FD98FDE5FC9EFD14" authority="Drury" authorityName="Drury" box="[522,825,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FD98FDE5FD70FD15" box="[522,727,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyphantria cunea</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CBC3B7CFF82FCD7FDE5FAF2FD14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438476456" box="[837,1365,638,663]" collectingDate="1998-03-25" collectionCode="CAFB" county="Material" location="Zhifu District" municipality="Yantai" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Shandong" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FCD7FDE5FC1AFD14" bold="true" box="[837,957,638,663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C888433B7CFF82FCD7FDE5FC1AFD14" box="[837,957,638,663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD683B7CFF82FC54FDE4FC5EFD14" box="[966,1017,639,663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD683B7CFF82FC6AFDE4FBBCFD14" box="[1016,1051,639,663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C888433B7CFF82FB62FDE5FAF2FD14" box="[1264,1365,638,663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CBC3B7CFF82FAF0FDE5FF53FD5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438476470" collectingDate="2001-04-06" collectionCode="IZCAS" county="Dalian" location="Yang" municipality="Zhuanghe" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Liaoning" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
other material:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD683B7CFF82FE91FD38FE94FD38" box="[259,307,675,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD683B7CFF82FEA1FD38FEFEFD38" box="[307,345,675,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FEF4FD39FE69FD38" box="[358,462,674,699]" country="China" name="Liaoning" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AD4E6D3B7CFF82FE49FD39FD8FFD38" box="[475,552,674,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dalian</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8AC9B3B7CFF82FDA4FD39FD0EFD38" box="[566,681,674,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Zhuanghe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCD10213B7CFF82FD27FD39FC94FD38" box="[693,819,674,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2001-04-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF89E9C93B7CFF82FD27FD39FC94FD38" box="[693,819,674,699]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2001-04-06">06.IV.2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll. Zhong-Qi
|
||
<location id="8EAC603A3B7CFF82FC60FD38FB8BFD38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87F73B7CFF82FF05FEDDFAFBFB78:8EAC603A3B7CFF82FC60FD38FB8BFD38" box="[1010,1068,675,699]" county="Dalian" municipality="Zhuanghe" name="Yang" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Liaoning">Yang</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE243B7CFF82FBAEFD38FB35FD38" box="[1084,1170,675,699]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FB35FD3FFB67FD38" box="[1191,1216,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ex</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FB5DFD39FF57FD5C" authority="Drury" authorityName="Drury" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FB5DFD39FA3BFD38" box="[1231,1436,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyphantria cunea</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369656A3B7CFF82FF55FD71FC27FCEC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF55FD71FC27FCEC" blockId="22.[151,1437,458,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF55FD71FE80FC80" bold="true" box="[199,295,746,771]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been largely reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FCA9FD71FBD7FC80" authority="Drury" authorityName="Drury" box="[827,1136,746,771]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FCA9FD71FBAAFC80" box="[827,1037,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyphantria cunea</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FB16FD71FAB5FC80" box="[1156,1298,746,771]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FAB1FD71FA36FC80" box="[1315,1425,746,771]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arctiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Besides, as a secondary parasitoid, it has been reared occasionally from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FC47FC94FA89FCA4" authority="Townsend" authorityName="Townsend" box="[981,1326,782,807]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FC47FC94FB38FCA5" box="[981,1183,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Exorista japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Townsend)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FAACFC95FA3FFCA4" box="[1342,1432,782,807]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FF05FCA9FEB3FCC8" box="[151,276,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FEC8FCA8FD61FCC8" authority="Viereck" authorityName="Viereck" box="[346,710,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Coccygominus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FEC8FCA8FDF6FCC8" box="[346,593,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coccygominus dispar</emphasis>
|
||
(Viereck)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FD48FCA8FCDFFCC8" box="[730,888,819,843]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FC15FCA9FB9FFCC8" box="[903,1080,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which both of the latter two parasites also attack its primary host,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FDAEFCCCFCDBFCEC" authority="Yang et al., 2015" authorityName="Yang et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[572,892,854,879]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FDAEFCCCFD06FCED" box="[572,673,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. cunea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B103B7CFF82FD3CFCCCFCD2FCEC" author="Yang" box="[686,885,854,879]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Yao, Y. X. & Cao, L. M. (2015) Chalcidoidea parasitizing forest defoliators (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 296 pp." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Yang
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FD60FCCCFC8DFCEC" box="[754,810,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369656A3B7CFF82FF55FCE1FE2FFC34" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF55FCE1FE2FFC34" blockId="22.[151,1437,458,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF55FCE1FE76FC10" bold="true" box="[199,465,890,915]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476713B7CFF82FE12FCE1FE6CFC10" box="[384,459,890,915]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FE4AFCE1FDB9FC10" box="[472,542,890,915]" country="China" name="Hebei" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hebei</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FDB8FCE1FD35FC10" box="[554,658,890,915]" country="China" name="Liaoning" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FD0CFCE1FCB6FC10" box="[670,785,890,915]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Shandong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FC8FFCE1FCDDFC10" box="[797,890,890,915]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476713B7CFF82FC25FCE1FBACFC10" box="[951,1035,890,915]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8033B7CFF82FC25FCE1FBACFC10" box="[951,1035,890,915]" country="China" name="Tianjin" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tianjin</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It probably has a wide distribution in the north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476713B7CFF82FEAFFC05FE23FC34" box="[317,388,926,951]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369656A3B7CFF82FF55FC59FAFBFB78" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E13B7CFF82FF55FC59FAFBFB78" blockId="22.[151,1437,458,1275]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF55FC59FE9CFC58" bold="true" box="[199,315,962,987]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B103B7CFF82FED3FC58FDADFC58" box="[321,522,962,987]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Yao, Y. X. & Cao, L. M. (2015) Chalcidoidea parasitizing forest defoliators (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 296 pp." type="book">
|
||
Yang
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE10FC5FFE15FC58" box="[386,434,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FD1BFC5FFCAEFC58" box="[649,777,964,987]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FD1BFC5FFCAEFC58" box="[649,777,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. pupariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FC20FC5FFBB1FC58" box="[946,1046,962,987]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elasmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FC20FC5FFC67FC58" box="[946,960,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FC5FFC59FBB1FC58" box="[973,1046,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elasmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the sculpture of mesosoma. We found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FF71FC7CFEC0FC7D" box="[227,359,999,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF71FC7CFEC0FC7D" box="[227,359,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. pupariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FE6FFC7CFD01FC7D" box="[509,678,999,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FE6FFC7CFDACFC7D" box="[509,523,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FD8FFC7CFD01FC7D" box="[541,678,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the sculpture of mesosoma, as MLM of both species lacking longitudinal striation beside notaular depressions and dorsellum weakly protruding apically. Based on our observations and the original description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B103B7CFF82FD11FBB4FCE8FBC4" box="[643,847,1070,1095]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Yao, Y. X. & Cao, L. M. (2015) Chalcidoidea parasitizing forest defoliators (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 296 pp." type="book">
|
||
Yang
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FD51FBB4FD5BFBC4" box="[707,764,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the most significant difference between them is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FF05FBCFFEBDFBE8" box="[151,282,1107,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF05FBCFFF02FBE8" box="[151,165,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FF27FBCFFEBDFBE8" box="[181,282,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pupariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a median carina on propodeum, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FC83FBCFFC1FFBE8" box="[785,952,1107,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FC83FBCFFCB8FBE8" box="[785,799,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FCBDFBCFFC1FFBE8" box="[815,952,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a median carina on propodeum. By examining the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C888433B7CFF82FED0FBECFED5FB0C" box="[322,370,1143,1167]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FD8BFBECFD3BFB0D" box="[537,668,1143,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FD8BFBECFD80FB0D" box="[537,551,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FDA5FBECFD3BFB0D" box="[567,668,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pupariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, besides the features given in the key, we couldn't figure out more significant difference between them. But because they are morphologically distinct in propodeum, we treat them as separate species before we get more evidence. Its validity and relationships with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FBDFFB24FB52FB55" box="[1101,1269,1215,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FBDFFB24FBFCFB55" box="[1101,1115,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FBFEFB24FB52FB55" box="[1132,1269,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D623B7CFF82FAA1FB24FA3BFB54" box="[1331,1436,1214,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elasmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FAA1FB24FAE6FB55" box="[1331,1345,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAF33B7CFF82FAC1FB25FA3BFB54" box="[1363,1436,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elasmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
require more evidence and potential testing with additional freshly reared specimens and molecular analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |