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<mods:title id="C57C0523D39B1138B27F5C072594F0EE">Revision of the status of some genus-level water mite taxa in the families Pionidae Thor, 1900, Aturidae Thor, 1900, and Nudomideopsidae Smith, 1990 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6B11ABE8FE07" blockId="17.[151,500,368,394]" box="[151,500,368,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
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<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF4C6B11ABE8FE07" bold="true" box="[151,500,368,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF2D6B11ABE8FE07" ID-CoL="6WL" ID-ENA="322632" authority="Thor, 1900" authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1900" box="[246,500,368,394]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae Thor, 1900</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6BD7A875FE41" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,617,438,460]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6BD7AAECFE41" box="[151,240,438,460]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
(in part):
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FE8E6BD7ABC6FE41" author="Cook" box="[341,474,438,460]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Cook, D. R. (1974 a) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Cook, 1974a</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 289305.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6BB4A898FE66" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,644,469,491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6BB4AAECFE66" box="[151,240,469,491]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FED16BB4AB88FE66" box="[266,404,469,491]" class="Arachnida" family="Axonopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Axonopsidae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FE466BB4A807FE66" author="Smith" box="[413,539,469,491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith, 1976</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 911.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6B95A822FD87" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,574,500,522]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6B95AAE8FD87" box="[151,244,500,522]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
: Smith, 1977, pp. 953, 962, 966.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6873A86CFDA5" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,624,530,552]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6873AAE8FDA5" box="[151,244,530,552]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
: Smith, 1984, pp. 308310, 323328.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6850A84FFDCA" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,595,561,583]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6850AAECFDCA" box="[151,240,561,583]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
(in part):
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FE8E6850A81EFDCA" author="Viets" box="[341,514,561,583]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Viets, K. O. (1987) Die Milben des Sußwassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2. Katalog. Sonderbande des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 8, 1 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1987">K.O. Viets, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 164.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6831AB7AFD09" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6831AAECFDEB" box="[151,240,592,614]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
(in part):
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FEA96831A878FDEB" author="Smith" box="[370,612,592,614]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M. &amp; Cook, D. R. (1991) Water mites. Chapter 16. In: Thorp, J. &amp; Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 523 - 592. [total page number 911 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1991">Smith &amp; Cook, 1991</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 553, 577, 578, figs. 16.133, 16.136, 16.13916.143, 16.14816.151, 16.26816.271.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C68ECA8A5FD2E" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,697,653,675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C68ECAAECFD2E" box="[151,240,653,675]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
(in part):
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FE8E68ECA837FD2E" author="Smith" box="[341,555,653,675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M. &amp; Cook, D. R. (1999) An assessment of global distribution patterns in water mites (Acari: Hydrachnida). In: Needham, G. R., Mitchell, R. D., Horn, D. J. &amp; Welbourn, W. C. (Eds.), Acarology IX. Vol. 2. Symposia. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, pp. 109 - 124." type="book" year="1999">Smith &amp; Cook, 1999</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 118119.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C68CDA9BAFD4F" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,934,684,706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C68CDAAE8FD4F" box="[151,244,684,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FF2668CDABA8FD4F" author="Smith" box="[253,436,684,706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. &amp; Smith, B. P. (2001) Water mites and other arachnids. Chapter 16. In: Thorpe, J. &amp; Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp. 551 - 659. [1056 pp.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 012690647 - 9 / 50017 - X" type="book chapter" year="2001">
Smith
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FEE468CCAB70FD4F" box="[319,364,684,706]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al</emphasis>
., 2001
</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 580, 581, 613, 614, figs. 150170, 348379.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C68ABAF0CFD6D" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,1296,714,736]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C68ABAAE8FD6D" box="[151,244,714,736]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FF2668ABABA6FD6D" author="Walter" box="[253,442,714,736]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Walter, D. E., Lindquist, E. E., Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. &amp; Krantz, G. W. (2009) Order Trombidiformes. Chapter 13. In: Krantz, G. W. &amp; Walter, D. E. (Eds.), A Manual of Acarology. 3 rd Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, pp. 233 - 420." type="book chapter" year="2009">
Walter
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FE9D68AAAB65FD6D" box="[326,377,714,736]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 267268, 284285, 290, figs. 13.37J, 13.37K, 13.53H13.53J, 13.54A13.54G.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6888AE39FD72" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,1061,745,767]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6888AAE8FD72" box="[151,244,745,767]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FF266888ABA8FD72" author="Smith" box="[253,436,745,767]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. &amp; Smith, B. P. (2010) Water mites and other arachnids. Chapter 15. In: Thorpe, J. &amp; Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 3 rd Edition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp. 485 - 586. [total page number: 1021 pp.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 374855 - 3.00015 - 7" type="book chapter" year="2010">
Smith
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FEE4688BAB70FD72" box="[319,364,745,767]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 523, 524, 554, 555, figs. 15.15015.170, 15.34915.380.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C6969A872FC93" blockId="17.[151,1436,438,798]" box="[151,622,776,798]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FF4C6969AAE8FC93" box="[151,244,776,798]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
: Gerecke, 2014, pp. 146, figs. 127.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696559FF991776FF4C692BAB35F8DE" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF4C692BAE7DF982" blockId="17.[151,1437,842,2019]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF4C692BAB7DFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,353,842,867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
Diagnosis.
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FEC6692AAB7DFCEF" bold="true" box="[285,353,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Larva</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(modified from Smith 1984): Character states of pioniform hygrobatoid mites
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FAD4692DAF51FCEE" box="[1295,1357,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FA82692BAAF8FC0A" author="Smith" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
. Idiosoma elongate oval to nearly round in shape, moderately flattened dorsoventrally, and bearing twenty pairs of setae. Dorsum nearly covered by entire dorsal plate bearing four pairs of setae, namely
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FB3F69F5AEE4FC26" box="[1252,1272,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">vi</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FAD369F5AF3DFC26" box="[1288,1313,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">ve</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FAEA69F5AF58FC26" box="[1329,1348,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">si</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FA5F69F5AF87FC26" box="[1412,1435,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">se</emphasis>
anteriorly, or five pairs of setae including
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FDAD69D6A896FC43" box="[630,650,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">vi</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD4269D6A8AEFC43" box="[665,690,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">ve</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD1969D6A8C9FC43" box="[706,725,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">si</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD3F69D6A8E7FC43" box="[740,763,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">se</emphasis>
anteriorly and
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FC7269D6A9D8FC42" box="[937,964,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">c1</emphasis>
laterally. Dorsal plate surrounded by soft integument bearing two pairs of eyes anterolaterally and eight pairs of setae laterally including
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FB0A69BAAEF7FC7E" box="[1233,1259,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">c1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FB2069BAAF09FC7E" box="[1275,1301,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">c2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FAFF69BAAF23FC7E" box="[1316,1343,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">c3</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FA9569BBAF76FC7E" box="[1358,1386,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">d1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FAA269BBAF89FC7E" box="[1401,1429,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">d2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF4C699EAAADFB9A" box="[151,177,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">e1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF1A699EAAC7FB9A" box="[193,219,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">e2</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FEC0699EAB2DFB9A" box="[283,305,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">f1</emphasis>
, or seven pairs of setae laterally when
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD2B699EA917FB9A" box="[752,779,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">c1</emphasis>
is located on dorsal plate. Venter nearly covered by three pairs of expanded coxal plates. On each side, first coxal plate separate from second coxal plate, or fused with second plate with suture line distinct laterally and obliterated medially; second and third coxal plates fused with one another with suture line distinct laterally and obliterated medially where it merges almost imperceptibly with lateral coxal apodeme that is nearly parallel to anterior edge of second coxal plate. First coxal plate bearing setae
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF4C6ED2AAAFFB46" box="[151,179,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">1a</emphasis>
posteriorly and
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FEB16ED3AB9BFB46" box="[362,391,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">1b</emphasis>
at anterolateral angle; second coxal plate bearing setae
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FC226ED3AE09FB46" box="[1017,1045,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">2b</emphasis>
at posterolateral angle; third coxal plate bearing setae
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FEAF6EB6AB8CFB62" box="[372,400,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">3a</emphasis>
anteriorly and, in some cases,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD2D6EB6A90EFB63" box="[758,786,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">pa</emphasis>
near posteromedial angle. Third coxal plate with medial coxal apodeme present or absent and with transverse muscle attachment scar present or absent. Posterior edge of third coxal plate convex or nearly straight, and lacking or bearing prominent projections that may be elaborate when present. Excretory pore plate little larger than excretory pore and roughly round or quadrangular in shape, or much larger than excretory pore and nearly circular, triangular, quadrangular, broadly obcordate or roughly elliptical in shape, bearing setae
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FDD46FEAA829FA2E" box="[527,565,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">ps1</emphasis>
medially and
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD076FEAA91FFA2E" box="[732,771,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">ps2</emphasis>
laterally, and, in some cases,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FB866FEBAE66FA2E" box="[1117,1146,1418,1443]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">h2</emphasis>
posterolaterally with
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FAAE6FEAAF80FA2E" box="[1397,1436,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">ps2</emphasis>
displaced anteriorly or medially; excretory pore sessile. Numbers of setae and solenidia on leg segments as follows: ITi 7 to 9 (+ ϕ1 and ϕ2); ITa 11 to 13 (+ ω); IITi 7 to 9 (+ ϕ1 and ϕ2); IITa 11 to 13 (+ ω); IIITr 1; IIITi 7 or 9 (+ ϕ); IIITa 10 or 11. Trochanter of first leg with seta ITr1 long and anteroventral in position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF1C6C7BAEEAF886" blockId="17.[151,1437,842,2019]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF1C6C7BAB0EF9BE" bold="true" box="[199,274,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Adults</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FE0D6C7BA87EF9BE" author="Cook" box="[470,610,1562,1587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Cook, D. R. (1974 a) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Cook 1974a</bibRefCitation>
): Character states of the superfamily Hygrobatoidea (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FADD6C7BAF8CF9BE" author="Smith" box="[1286,1424,1562,1587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith 1976</bibRefCitation>
). Idiosoma flattened dorsoventrally, with extensive dorsal and ventral shields. Dorsal shield entire or composed of numerous closely fitting platelets. Ventral shield incorporating coxal plates. Gnathosomal base separated from first coxal plates. Fourth coxal plate bearing or lacking glandularia. Genital field bearing three to many acetabula on plates flanking gonopore; surrounded by soft integument or variously fused with ventral shield. Pedipalp tibia with or without thick seta borne on ventral projection, unmodified distally, and lacking a spine-like or peg-like seta distomedially. Legs of males with segments unmodified or with distal segments variously modified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF1C6D77AB35F8DE" blockId="17.[151,1437,842,2019]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF1C6D77ABD0F8A2" bold="true" box="[199,460,1814,1839]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Subfamilies included.</emphasis>
Albiinae Viets, 1925, Aturinae Thor, 1900, Axonopsinae Viets, 1929, Notoaturinae Besch, 1964.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696559FF991776FF1C6D3FABF7F8FA" box="[199,491,1886,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991776FF1C6D3FABF7F8FA" blockId="17.[151,1437,842,2019]" box="[199,491,1886,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF1C6D3FAB7CF8FA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1886,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Distribution.</emphasis>
Worldwide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696559FF991775FF1C6DE3AF81FDED" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF991775FF1C6DE3AEAFFEE8" blockId="17.[151,1437,842,2019]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FF1C6DE3AB50F816" bold="true" box="[199,332,1922,1947]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Discussion.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF991776FEBB6DE3A814F816" author="Cook" box="[352,520,1922,1947]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" refString="Cook, D. R. (1974 a) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Cook (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
considered the family
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FCE46DE3A9BDF816" box="[831,929,1922,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
to consist of five subfamilies, namely Frontipodopsinae Viets, 1931 including the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FD236DC7AE5FF832" authority="Walter, 1929" authorityName="Walter" authorityYear="1929" box="[760,1091,1958,1983]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Frontipodopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FD236DC7A9BEF832" box="[760,930,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Frontipodopsis</emphasis>
Walter, 1929
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF991776FB5D6DC7AF84F832" authority="Viets, 1962" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1962" box="[1158,1432,1958,1983]" class="Arachnida" family="Hygrobatidae" genus="Karlvietsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF991776FB5D6DC7AF1FF832" box="[1158,1283,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Karlvietsia</emphasis>
Viets, 1962
</taxonomicName>
, Axonopsinae Viets, 1929 including four large apparently monophyletic groups of related genera and a few distinctive genera with uncertain relationships, Albiinae Viets, 1925 including only the large worldwide genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FF4C6ADDAB75FF59" authority="Thon, 1899" authorityName="Thon" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,361,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Axonopsidae" genus="Albia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FF4C6ADDAAC8FF58" box="[151,212,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Albia</emphasis>
Thon, 1899
</taxonomicName>
and the highly unusual monobasic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FCB56ADDAE8DFF58" authority="Viets, 1935" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1935" box="[878,1169,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Parasitalbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FCB56ADDA9E6FF58" box="[878,1018,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Parasitalbia</emphasis>
Viets, 1935
</taxonomicName>
, Aturinae, Thor, 1900 including a moderately large group of related genera primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, and Notoaturinae Besch, 1964 including a diverse group of related genera in the Southern Hemisphere. Subsequently
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF9A1775FAD76B65AF80FE90" author="Cook" box="[1292,1436,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" refString="Cook, D. R. (1986) Water mites from Australia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 40, 1 - 568." type="journal article" year="1986">Cook (1986)</bibRefCitation>
assigned the Australian genera
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FE2F6B48A905FECD" authority="Cook, 1986" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1986" box="[500,793,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Tasmanaxona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FE2F6B48A893FECD" box="[500,655,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Tasmanaxona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF9A1775FD4D6B46A905FECD" author="Cook" box="[662,793,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" refString="Cook, D. R. (1986) Water mites from Australia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 40, 1 - 568." type="journal article" year="1986">Cook, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FC946B46AE40FECD" authority="Cook, 1986" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1986" box="[847,1116,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Wheenyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FC946B46A9CEFECD" box="[847,978,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Wheenyella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF9A1775FC026B46AE40FECD" author="Cook" box="[985,1116,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" refString="Cook, D. R. (1986) Water mites from Australia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 40, 1 - 568." type="journal article" year="1986">Cook, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to the Frontipodopsinae and Harvey (1989) placed the Australian genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FDA46B2DA9ACFEE9" authority="Harvey, 1989" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1989" box="[639,944,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Frontipodopsidae" genus="Wheenyoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FDA46B2DA90FFEE8" box="[639,787,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Wheenyoides</emphasis>
Harvey,
<quantity id="4C8B9B37FF9A1775FCA36B2DA9ACFEE9" box="[888,944,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05206" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="1989.0">1989</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in the same subfamily.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF9A1775FF1C6B0EAF81FDED" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF9A1775FF1C6B0EAB7FFE05" author="Cook" box="[199,355,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" refString="Cook, D. R. (1974 a) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Cook (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
and Smith (1984) pointed out that
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FD2C6B0EA9BDFE05" box="[759,929,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Frontipodopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FD2C6B0EA9BDFE05" box="[759,929,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Frontipodopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not closely related to other aturids, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF9A1775FF4C6BF5AB7AFE21" box="[151,358,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" refString="Cook, D. R., Smith, I. M. &amp; Harvey, M. S. (2000) Assessment of lateral compression of the idiosoma in adult water mites as a taxonomic character and reclassification of Frontipodopsis Walter, Wettina Piersig and some other basal Hygrobatoidea (Acari: Hydrachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 433 - 448. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 99014" type="journal article">
Cook
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FF006BF4AB11FE20" box="[219,269,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">et al</emphasis>
. (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
subsequently removed
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FDAB6BF5A906FE20" box="[624,794,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Frontipodopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FDAB6BF5A906FE20" box="[624,794,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Frontipodopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FC516BF5A9F0FE20" box="[906,1004,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
and placed it in the monobasic family
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FF4C6BD6AB43FE5D" box="[151,351,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Frontipodopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Frontipodopsidae</taxonomicName>
. At the same time they transferred
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FCCD6BD8A9ACFE5D" box="[790,944,441,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Tasmanaxona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FCCD6BD8A9ACFE5D" box="[790,944,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Tasmanaxona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FC1D6BD6AE53FE5D" box="[966,1103,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FC1D6BD6AE57FE5D" box="[966,1099,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" genus="Wheenyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wheenyella</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FB4F6BD6AF34FE5D" box="[1172,1320,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Frontipodopsidae" genus="Wheenyoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FB4F6BD6AF34FE5D" box="[1172,1320,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Wheenyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Frontipodopsinae to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FE226BBDA869FE78" box="[505,629,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Wettinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Wettinidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FD746BBDA930FE78" box="[687,812,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Hygrobatidae" genus="Karlvietsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FD746BBDA930FE78" box="[687,812,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">Karlvietsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Frontipodopsinae to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FB266BBDAF84FE78" box="[1277,1432,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Hygrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hygrobatidae</taxonomicName>
, as part of a phylogenetic reassessment of basal hygrobatoid lineages. These authors also proposed a number of changes to the subfamily Axonopsinae (discussed below), leaving the
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FC676845AE02FDB0" box="[956,1054,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
with four remaining subfamilies.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF9A1775FF4C6826AB7EFDED" author="Smith" box="[151,354,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" refString="Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. &amp; Smith, B. P. (2001) Water mites and other arachnids. Chapter 16. In: Thorpe, J. &amp; Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp. 551 - 659. [1056 pp.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 012690647 - 9 / 50017 - X" type="book chapter" year="2001">
Smith
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF9A1775FF3B6828AB0DFDED" box="[224,273,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="129">et al</emphasis>
. (2001
</bibRefCitation>
, 2010) followed this subfamily classification as do we in the following treatment of the
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF9A1775FAE86826AF85FDED" box="[1331,1433,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Aturidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aturidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>