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<mods:title id="0E137D282961687F7CD28B0D0E1D0AF3">Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="22465B0706C77FE53386A3D6F344ADD7">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) and Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="09A9213C22EF3E0468D968366454596F">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C387CA2107B1EBDE05327AE8DE2CEA10">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D08481CCFF87495CFEAA7CCCFD57FB0E" box="[256,651,1204,1231]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFEE77CCCFD57FB0E" authority="Stubblefield, 1951" authorityName="Stubblefield" authorityYear="1951" box="[333,651,1204,1231]" class="Trilobita" family="Conocoryphidae" genus="Meneviella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFEE77CCCFE62FB0F" box="[333,446,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Meneviella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFE6F7CCCFD57FB0E" author="Stubblefield" box="[453,651,1204,1231]" firstAuthor="Stubblefield" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="213 - 214" refId="ref30385" refString="STUBBLEFIELD C. J. 1951. - New names for the trilobite genera Menevia Lake and Psilocephalus Salter. Geological Magazine 88 (3): 213 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756800069272" type="journal article" year="1951">Stubblefield, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF87495CFF2E7C95FE32FAC5" blockId="16.[131,773,1261,1312]" box="[132,494,1261,1285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF87495CFF2E7C95FE11FAC4" author="Stubblefield" box="[132,461,1261,1285]" page="213" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFF2E7C95FE11FAC4" authority="Stubblefield, 1951: 213" authorityName="Stubblefield" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1951" box="[132,461,1261,1285]" class="Trilobita" family="Conocoryphidae" genus="Meneviella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFF2E7C95FF34FAC4" box="[132,232,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Meneviella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF477C95FE11FAC4" author="Stubblefield" box="[237,461,1261,1285]" firstAuthor="Stubblefield" page="213" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="213 - 214" refId="ref30385" refString="STUBBLEFIELD C. J. 1951. - New names for the trilobite genera Menevia Lake and Psilocephalus Salter. Geological Magazine 88 (3): 213 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756800069272" type="journal article" year="1951">Stubblefield, 1951: 213</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<typeStatus id="54C88802FF87495CFE587C95FDFDFAC4" box="[498,545,1261,1285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFDC47C95FF21FADE" authority="Hicks, 1872" authorityName="Hicks" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Erinnys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venulosa">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFDC47C95FCD9FAC4" box="[622,773,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Erinnys venulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF297D7FFF21FADE" author="Hicks" box="[131,253,1287,1311]" firstAuthor="Hicks" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref26120" refString="HICKS H. 1872. - On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28 (1): 173 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1872.028.01 - 02.17" type="journal article" year="1872">Hicks, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF87495CFF2E7D40FEA1FA8E" author="Hicks" box="[132,381,1335,1359]" page="177" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFF2E7D40FEA1FA8E" ID-CoL="8XL8Z" authority="Hicks, 1872: 177" authorityName="Hicks" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1872" box="[132,381,1335,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Erinnys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFF2E7D40FF17FA8E" box="[132,203,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Erinnys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF7B7D4FFEA1FA8E" author="Hicks" box="[209,381,1335,1359]" firstAuthor="Hicks" page="177" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref26120" refString="HICKS H. 1872. - On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28 (1): 173 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1872.028.01 - 02.17" type="journal article" year="1872">Hicks, 1872: 177</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<typeStatus id="54C88802FF87495CFE097D4FFE0FFA8E" box="[419,467,1335,1359]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFD8C7D40FF65FAA8" authority="Hicks, 1872" authorityName="Hicks" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Erinnys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venulosa">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFD8C7D40FD1DFA8E" box="[550,705,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Erinnys venulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFD6D7D4FFF65FAA8" author="Hicks" firstAuthor="Hicks" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref26120" refString="HICKS H. 1872. - On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28 (1): 173 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1872.028.01 - 02.17" type="journal article" year="1872">Hicks, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFEFF7D29FE1BFAA8" author="Hicks" box="[341,455,1361,1385]" firstAuthor="Hicks" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref26120" refString="HICKS H. 1872. - On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28 (1): 173 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1872.028.01 - 02.17" type="journal article" year="1872">Hicks 1872</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C369652BFF87495CFF2E7DF9FE62FA08" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF87495CFF2E7DF9FE44FA58" blockId="16.[132,408,1409,1433]" box="[132,408,1409,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63118EFF87495CFF2E7DF9FE44FA58" box="[132,408,1409,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFF2E7DF9FF10FA58" ID-CoL="7BYZ" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1884" box="[132,204,1409,1433]" class="Trilobita" family="Endymioniidae" genus="Salteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asaphida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFF2E7DF9FF10FA58" box="[132,204,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Salteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF87495CFF4F7DF9FE48FA58" author="Walcott" box="[229,404,1409,1433]" page="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF4F7DF9FE48FA58" author="Walcott" box="[229,404,1409,1433]" firstAuthor="Walcott" page="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref30676" refString="WALCOTT C. D. 1884. - On the Cambrian faunas of North America: preliminary studies. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 10: 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38396" type="journal article" year="1884">Walcott 1884: 31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF87495CFF2E7DC9FE62FA08" blockId="16.[132,446,1456,1481]" box="[132,446,1456,1481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63118EFF87495CFF2E7DC9FE62FA08" box="[132,446,1456,1481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFF2E7DC9FF09FA09" ID-CoL="92F9R" authorityName="Lake" authorityYear="1938" box="[132,213,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFF2E7DC9FF09FA09" box="[132,213,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Menevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF87495CFF457DC8FE66FA08" author="Lake" box="[239,442,1456,1481]" page="270 - 272" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF457DC8FE66FA08" author="Lake" box="[239,442,1456,1481]" firstAuthor="Lake" page="270 - 272" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="249 - 272" refId="ref27456" refString="LAKE P. 1938. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 11. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 91: 249 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1938.12035656" type="journal article" year="1938">Lake 1938: 270-272</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF87495CFF2E7D99FCD4F9A3" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF87495CFF2E7D99FCD4F9A3" blockId="16.[131,777,1504,1634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
DIAGNOSIS. — Body elongate; micropygous; cephalon semicircular, wide and convex; fixigena meet in front of glabella; eye ridges at anterior third of glabella, tapering away; pair of librigenal spines; thorax of 25 segments or more with narrowing axis; pygidium small, axis tapering (based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFECA7E32FDE4F9A3" author="Harrington" box="[352,568,1610,1634]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Harrington" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" refId="ref25715" refString="HARRINGTON H. J., HENNINGSMOEN G., HOWELL B. F., JAANUSSON V., LOCHMAN- BALK C., MOORE R. C., POULSEN C., RASETTI F., RICHTER E., RICHTER R., SCHMIDT H., SDUZY K., STRUVE W., STORMER L., STUBBLEFIELD C. J., TRIPP R., WELLER J. M. &amp; WHITTINGTON H. B. 1959. - Treatise on Invertebrate Paeontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. The Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 560 p." type="book" year="1959">
Harrington
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFE7F7E33FDDDF9A3" box="[469,513,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">et al.</emphasis>
1959
</bibRefCitation>
, with modifications).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF87495CFF2E7EEBFDCBF82A" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF87495CFF2E7EEBFF34F96C" blockId="16.[131,775,1683,2028]" box="[132,232,1683,1709]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF87495CFF2E7ECAFDCBF82A" blockId="16.[131,775,1683,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF2E7ECAFECDF90D" author="Hicks" box="[132,273,1714,1740]" firstAuthor="Hicks" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref26120" refString="HICKS H. 1872. - On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28 (1): 173 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1872.028.01 - 02.17" type="journal article" year="1872">Hicks (1872)</bibRefCitation>
first described
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFE067ECBFD88F90D" authorityName="Hicks" authorityYear="1872" box="[428,596,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Erinnys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venulosa">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFE067ECBFD88F90D" box="[428,596,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Erinnys venulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFD647ECBFF78F92D" authorityName="Hicks" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Erinnys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFD647ECBFF78F92D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Erinnys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was occupied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFEF47EAAFD5FF92D" author="Schrank &amp; Schrank" box="[350,643,1746,1772]" firstAuthor="Schrank" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" refId="ref30016" refString="SCHRANK F. &amp; SCHRANK P. 1801. - Vorlaufige Abhandlung. Betrachtungen uber die Verwandlungen der Insekten, die Lehre der Einschachtelung, und die Erzeugung organischer Korper. Fauna Boica - Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere 2: 274 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35751042" type="book" year="1801">Schrank &amp; Schrank (1801)</bibRefCitation>
who named a genus of butterflies
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFECF7E8BFE68F8CD" box="[357,436,1779,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFECF7E8BFE68F8CD" box="[357,436,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Erynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFE687E8AFDBAF8CD" author="Walcott" box="[450,614,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Walcott" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref30676" refString="WALCOTT C. D. 1884. - On the Cambrian faunas of North America: preliminary studies. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 10: 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38396" type="journal article" year="1884">Walcott (1884)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the circumstances and renamed the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFD8C7F6AFDAAF8ED" box="[550,630,1810,1836]" class="Trilobita" family="Endymioniidae" genus="Salteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asaphida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFD8C7F6AFDAAF8ED" box="[550,630,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Salteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in honour of Salter. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFE957F49FE53F88A" box="[319,399,1841,1867]" class="Trilobita" family="Endymioniidae" genus="Salteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asaphida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFE957F49FE53F88A" box="[319,399,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Salteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was already in use for another trilobite described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFEFC7F29FDD2F8AD" author="Thomson" box="[342,526,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Thomson" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref30519" refString="THOMSON P. W. 1864. - British fossils. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom 11: 1 - 5. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45185852" type="journal article" year="1864">Thomson (1864)</bibRefCitation>
, which was mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF0C7F09FEF0F84A" author="Lake" box="[166,300,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Lake" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="249 - 272" refId="ref27456" refString="LAKE P. 1938. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 11. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 91: 249 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1938.12035656" type="journal article" year="1938">Lake (1938)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFE937F09FE61F84A" author="Lake" box="[313,445,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Lake" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="249 - 272" refId="ref27456" refString="LAKE P. 1938. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 11. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 91: 249 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1938.12035656" type="journal article" year="1938">Lake (1938)</bibRefCitation>
gave the name
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFDCD7F0AFD1DF84A" box="[615,705,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFDCD7F0AFD1DF84A" box="[615,705,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Menevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus, but this name was preoccupied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFDCB7FE9FCDDF86A" author="Schaus" box="[609,769,1937,1963]" firstAuthor="Schaus" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="635 - 673" refId="ref29922" refString="SCHAUS W. 1928. - 10. Familie Mimallonidae, in SEITZ A. (ed.), Die Grossschmetterlinge des Amerikanischen Faunengebietes, 6. Band, Die Amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Alfred Kern Verlag, Stuttgart: 635 - 673. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 56064676" type="book chapter" year="1928">Schaus (1928)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF87495CFF2E7FC9FE8BF80A" author="Stubblefield" box="[132,343,1969,1996]" firstAuthor="Stubblefield" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" pagination="213 - 214" refId="ref30385" refString="STUBBLEFIELD C. J. 1951. - New names for the trilobite genera Menevia Lake and Psilocephalus Salter. Geological Magazine 88 (3): 213 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756800069272" type="journal article" year="1951">Stubblefield (1951)</bibRefCitation>
introduced
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF87495CFE747FC9FD93F80A" authorityName="Stubblefield" authorityYear="1951" box="[478,591,1969,1995]" class="Trilobita" family="Conocoryphidae" genus="Meneviella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF87495CFE747FC9FD93F80A" box="[478,591,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1065">Meneviella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new generic name, which is still recognized today.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>