746 lines
122 KiB
XML
746 lines
122 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A702FD08D59C53EDEDD0A898EF60EB7D">Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXV: Revision of Pterinoxylus Serville, 1838, with the descriptions of two new species from Costa Rica. (Phasmatodea: Oriophasmata: Cladomorphinae: Pterinoxylini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03DA87B1EC1B2A099C90AC0AC0563E06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205078445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7318890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B1EC1B2A099C90AC0AC0563E06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87B1EC1B2A099C90AC0AC0563E06" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1B2A129C90AC0AC35D3C2D" ID-CoL="6WLG9" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,556,1624,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1B2A129C90AC0AC0E33C2D" bold="true" box="[151,402,1624,1651]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129D9EAC0AC35D3C2D" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[409,556,1624,1650]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129C90AC2EC35C3CC9" blockId="14.[151,557,1624,1686]" box="[151,557,1660,1686]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1B2A129C90AC2EC0733CC9" box="[151,258,1660,1686]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1425,391,1899]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1427,292,1916]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId-0="figure-115@17.[151,1436,381,1906]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@19.[151,1436,273,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 4: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♀♀. A. HT from Dominica, dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. Specimen from Saint Lucia (Millet Forest Trail) in dorsal view [MNHN, coll. ASPER]; C. Captive reared specimen from Saint Lucia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–25]; D. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]." captionText-1="FIGURE 5: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♂♂. A. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–7]; B. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–12]; C. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]." captionText-2="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318970" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318972" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7318970/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7318972/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1B2A129D0AAC2EC04E3CC9" box="[269,319,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,200,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-26@60.[158,1430,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 21: Pterinoxylus spp. terminal two abdominal segments of ♂♂ in ventral aspect, showing vomer and poculum. A. P. cocoense n. sp.: PT [MNCR–A, collection no. #107146]; B. P. crassus (Kirby, 1889): Specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838): Specimen from French Guiana [coll. OC]; D. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908): Specimen from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica [coll. FH, No. 0841–6]; E. P. speciosus n. sp.: PT [MNCR–A, collection no. 52571]; F. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908: Specimen from Greenhills, Belize [coll. OC]. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319004/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1B2A129D4DAC2EC0EF3CC9" box="[330,414,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">22A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1B2A129DAEAC2EC0B63CC9" box="[425,455,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@62.[161,1425,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 23: P. crassus Kirby, 1889 live captive reared insects. A. ♀ from Saint Lucia; B. Medium sized nymphs of both sexes, the uppermost showing the distinctive resting attitudes seen in members of the genus; C. ♀ from Martinique." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319008/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1B2A129DD4AC2EC3773CC9" box="[467,518,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-18@63.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 24: Live captive reared insects. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889 ♂ from Saint Lucia; B. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ in startle position with the wings held up." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319010/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1B2A129E16AC2EC35C3CC9" box="[529,557,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="70.[151,250,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetId="figure-26@70.[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 31: Map showing the known records for Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp., P. crassus Kirby, 1889 and P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). The imprecise locality „Guatemala“ for a specimen of P. perarmatus in the collection of MHNG is omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319028/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">31</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1B2A139C90AC93C2323B76" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129C90AC93C5663CA8" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B6EC1B2A129C90AC93C36D3C87" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[151,540,1728,1753]" page="502" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1889">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1B2A129C90AC93C36D3C87" ID-CoL="6WLG9" authority="Kirby, 1889: 502" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,540,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1B2A129C90AC93C0183C87" box="[151,361,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129D69AC93C36D3C87" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[366,540,1728,1753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889: 502</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1B2A129E22AC93C33B3C86" bold="true" box="[549,586,1729,1753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HT</emphasis>
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,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129E52AC93C31B3C87" box="[597,618,1729,1752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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: La Plume,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1B2A129EE6AC93C2393C86" box="[737,840,1729,1753]" name="Dominica" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFCD1067EC1B2A129F56AC93C2BF3C86" box="[849,974,1729,1753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1889-03">March 1889</date>
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, 89 23;
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1B2A12981BAC93C59C3C87" ID-CoL="6WLG9" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityYear="1889" box="[1052,1261,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1B2A12981BAC93C59C3C87" box="[1052,1261,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54C88805EC1B2A1298FEAC93C4593C86" box="[1273,1320,1729,1753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
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;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1B2A129936AC93C00A3CA8" ID-CoL="6WLG9" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1B2A129936AC93C0463CA8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
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Kirby
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1B2A129D81AC8DC3B53CA8" ID-CoL="6WLG9" authority="Kirby HT" authorityName="Kirby HT" authorityYear="1889" box="[390,708,1759,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1B2A129D81AC8DC3293CA8" box="[390,600,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
|
||
Kirby HT
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BMNH(E) #844938 [NHMUK].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0ACACC00B3D49" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,378,1790,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129CC0ACACC0073D49" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[199,374,1790,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref43626" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, Vol. 1. British Museum, London." type="book" year="1904">Kirby, 1904: 362</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0AD4FC0BA3D6A" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,459,1821,1845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129CC0AD4FC0B63D6A" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[199,455,1821,1845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 428</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0AD6EC33C3D0C" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,589,1851,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129CC0AD6EC0F33D0C" author="Moxey, C. F." box="[199,386,1851,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref43907" refString="Moxey, C. F. (1972, in litt.) The stick-insects (Phasmatodea) of the West Indies - their systematics and biology [Unpublished PhD - Thesis]. Department of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 211 pp, plates 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1972">Moxey, 1972: 155</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 15: 25 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129DF9AD69C3613D0C" box="[510,528,1851,1875]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, HT).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0AD08C59D3D2D" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,1260,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Langlois, Lelong, Rastel, Polidori, & Dorel, 2000: 50, figs. 20a–g (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129F76AD08C2F73D2D" box="[881,902,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129F96AD08C2D53D2E" box="[913,932,1882,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, nymph) & photos 19–22 (egg).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0AD2BC5443DCE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,1077,1912,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Lelong, Langlois, Rastel, & Dorel, 2003: 26a–g (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129EBDAD2BC3BE3DCE" box="[698,719,1913,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129EDDAD2BC39C3DCF" box="[730,749,1913,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, nymph) & photos 35–38 (egg).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0ADC5C2233DF0" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,850,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129CC0ADC5C08C3DF0" author="Lelong, P. & Langlois, F." box="[199,509,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref43801" refString="Lelong, P. & Langlois, F. (2005) Contribution a la connaissance des Phasmatodea de la Martinique. Bulletin dela Societe entomologique de France, 110 (3), 259 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2005.16231" type="journal article" year="2005">Lelong & Langlois, 2005: 268</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 25–39 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129E8FADC5C3EC3DF0" box="[648,669,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1B2A129EAFADC5C3CB3DF0" box="[680,698,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), 43–46 (egg).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0ADE4C0BA3D91" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,459,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129CC0ADE4C0B63D91" author="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D." box="[199,455,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref43962" refString="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. CafePress. com. 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte & Brock, 2005: 294</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1B2A129CC0AD87C0973DB2" blockId="14.[151,1436,1728,2029]" box="[199,486,2004,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1B2A129CC0AD87C00B3DB3" author="Simoens, R." box="[199,378,2004,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref44355" refString="Simoens, R. (2005) Pterinoxylus crassus Kirby, 1889. Phasma, 15 (57), 7 - 8, figs." type="journal article" year="2005">Simoens, 2005: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. (Rearing)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AAC5C5D03AF0" blockId="15.[199,1185,150,297]" box="[199,1185,150,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1A2A139CC0AAC5C3463AF0" author="Langlois, F. & Lelong, P. & Dorel, E." box="[199,567,150,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref43694" refString="Langlois, F., Lelong, P. & Dorel, E. (2006) Phasmatodea of Saint Lucia. ASPER publishing, Sainte Foy d'Aigrefeuille, 68 pp." type="book" year="2006">Langlois, Lelong & Dorel, 2006: 47</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 20a–g (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139EC7AAC5C3A43AF0" box="[704,725,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139EE7AAC5C3823AF1" box="[736,755,151,174]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, nymph), photo 7 (live
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139FE4AAC5C2853AF0" box="[995,1012,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) & 30–33 (egg).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AAE7C09F3A92" blockId="15.[199,1185,150,297]" box="[199,494,181,205]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Langlos & Lelong, 2010: 67.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AA86C3AF3AB3" blockId="15.[199,1185,150,297]" box="[199,734,212,236]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1A2A139CC0AA86C0F03AB3" author="Harman, A. J. E." box="[199,385,212,236]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="12 - 14" refId="ref43299" refString="Harman, A. J. E. (2013) The development of the Phasmid Study Group Species List: Part Six: PSG No. 251 - PSG No. 300. Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 131, 12 - 14." type="journal article" year="2013">Harman, 2013: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. [Notes on origin of culture stock]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AAA1C2423B54" blockId="15.[199,1185,150,297]" box="[199,819,243,267]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hennemann, Conle & Perez–Gelabert, 2016: 27, figs. 37–44.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AB43C2323B76" blockId="15.[199,1185,150,297]" box="[199,835,273,297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1A2A139CC0AB43C3B43B76" author="Brock, P. D. & Marshall, J. A. & Beccaloni, G. W. & Harman, A & J. E" box="[199,709,273,297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="151 - 208" refId="ref42677" refString="Brock, P. D., Marshall, J. A., Beccaloni, G. W. & Harman, A, J. E. (2016) The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, Zootaxa, 4179 (2), 151 - 208. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4179.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 166</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C88805EC1A2A139ED1AB43C27B3B76" box="[726,778,273,297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
data)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1A2A139C90AB05C3E139ED" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139C90AB05C2763B2E" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" box="[151,775,343,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading id="D08481CBEC1A2A139C90AB05C2763B2E" bold="true" box="[151,775,343,373]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139C90AB05C2763B2E" bold="true" box="[151,775,343,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Material examined (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139D8FAB05C0A63B2A" box="[392,471,343,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">35 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139DE2AB05C3433B2A" box="[485,562,343,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">36 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 nymphs, eggs):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AB2EC02E3BC9" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" box="[199,351,380,406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139CC0AB2EC02A3BC9" box="[199,347,380,406]" name="Dominica" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DOMINICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139C90ABF2C3533BE5" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" box="[151,546,415,442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139C90ABF2C1B23BE5" box="[151,195,416,442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: Domenica, 89–99 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139DA2ABF2C3693BE5" box="[421,536,416,442]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AB96C00F3B81" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" box="[199,382,452,478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139CC0AB96C00B3B81" box="[199,378,452,478]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SAINT LUCIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139C90ABBAC5F33831" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139C90ABBAC1B5385D" box="[151,196,488,514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139CC8ABBAC046385E" box="[207,311,487,514]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mtn. Forest,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1067EC1A2A139DD5ABB5C331385E" box="[466,576,487,513]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1936-01-12">12.I.1936</date>
|
||
, H.E. Box.; Pres. By Com. Inst. Ent. B. M. 1952–302;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A1398A3ABB5C19C3879" authority="(Drury)" baseAuthorityName="Drury" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Diapherodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A1398A3ABB5C4ED385E" box="[1188,1436,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diapherodes gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1A2A139D22A85EC0C53879" author="Moxey, C. F." box="[293,436,524,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref43907" refString="Moxey, C. F. (1972, in litt.) The stick-insects (Phasmatodea) of the West Indies - their systematics and biology [Unpublished PhD - Thesis]. Department of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 211 pp, plates 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1972">Moxey 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139DC5A85EC3443879" box="[450,565,524,550]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139E4FA85EC3053879" box="[584,628,524,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A139E85A859C53A387A" authority=", Millet Forest Trail" authorityName="Millet Forest Trail" box="[642,1099,523,550]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139E85A859C21A387A" box="[642,875,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
|
||
, Millet Forest Trail
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1067EC1A2A139850A85EC5A83879" box="[1111,1241,524,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-11-01">01.XI.2003</date>
|
||
, Alt.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC1A2A139911A859C4E63879" box="[1302,1431,523,550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="245.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="230.0">230–260 m</quantity>
|
||
, Sainte–Lucie, SL03–095; Collection ASPER, Col. E. Dorel, F. Langlois & P. Lelong [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A13986AA862C5BA3815" box="[1133,1227,560,586]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A1398D8A862C4533815" box="[1247,1314,560,586]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139937A862C4003815" box="[1328,1393,560,586]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139987A87DC1BF3831" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="egg">25 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
: ex Zucht: F. Hennemann, Herkunft:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139E68A801C3813832" box="[623,752,595,621]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139F3FA806C22F3831" box="[824,862,596,622]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FH</collectionCode>
|
||
, No's 0588–25 to 31, E2].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0A82AC00E38CD" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" box="[199,383,632,658]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139CC0A82AC00A38CD" box="[199,379,632,658]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MARTINIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139C90A8CEC3E139ED" blockId="15.[151,1437,343,946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139C90A8CEC1B938E9" box="[151,200,668,694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: Montane du Vauclin,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1067EC1A2A139DDFA8CEC33D38E9" box="[472,588,668,694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1998-11-07">7.XI.1998</date>
|
||
, réf.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139E8AA8CEC3BF38E9" box="[653,718,668,694]" country="Zimbabwe" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p96j-ip08" name="Grasslands Rhizobium Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MAR</collectionCode>
|
||
98–017 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139F34A8CEC2FF38E9" box="[819,910,668,694]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, coll. ASPER];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A13984AA8CEC50E38E9" box="[1101,1151,668,694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Morne Aca,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1067EC1A2A139923A8C9C4E938EA" box="[1316,1432,667,693]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1998-11-06">6.XI.1998</date>
|
||
, réf.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139CCFA892C0783885" box="[200,265,704,730]" country="Zimbabwe" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p96j-ip08" name="Grasslands Rhizobium Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MAR</collectionCode>
|
||
98–014 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139D6AA892C0B93885" box="[365,456,704,730]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, coll. ASPER];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139E82A892C3BB3885" box="[645,714,704,730]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139EDDA892C26C3885" box="[730,797,704,730]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139F29A892C2003885" box="[814,881,704,730]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(nymphs),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139FFEA892C54D3885" box="[1017,1084,704,730]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(nymphs), eggs: Ex Zucht: F. Hennemann, urspr.:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139D7DA8B1C08838A2" box="[378,505,739,765]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2006–2007 [coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139ECCA8B6C38038A1" box="[715,753,740,766]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FH</collectionCode>
|
||
, No's 0588–1 to 11 & E1];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139823A8B6C51438A1" box="[1060,1125,740,766]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139876A8B6C5C338A1" box="[1137,1202,740,766]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: Ex Zucht:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139932A8B6C43A38A1" box="[1333,1355,740,766]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Krijns (Maastricht) 2008, Herkunft:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139DE0A955C312397E" box="[487,611,775,801]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(PSG No. 281) [coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139F66A95AC2F6397D" box="[865,903,776,802]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FH</collectionCode>
|
||
, No's 0588–12, 14, 18, 21];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A1398C9A95AC58D397D" box="[1230,1276,776,802]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Ex Zucht:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139984A95AC4E8397D" box="[1411,1433,776,802]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Galunder (Nümbrecht) 2008, Herkunft:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139E51A979C3A4391A" box="[598,725,811,837]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, PSG No. 281 [coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139FBDA97EC2913919" box="[954,992,812,838]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FH</collectionCode>
|
||
, No. 0588–15];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139892A97EC5A43919" box="[1173,1237,812,838]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A1398E6A97EC4503919" box="[1249,1313,812,838]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: Ex Zucht: I. Morisse 2009, Herkunft:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139DC9A91DC33C3936" box="[462,589,847,873]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Montagne de Vauclin (PSG No. 281) [coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE62EC1A2A139842A902C51A3935" box="[1093,1131,848,874]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FH</collectionCode>
|
||
, No's 0588–16, 17, 19, 20, 22–24];
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139CF1A926C03439D1" box="[246,325,884,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">21 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139D55A926C0D039D1" box="[338,417,884,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">22 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: Ex Zucht O. Conle 2004–2005, PSG 281,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139F8CA921C57D39D2" box="[907,1036,883,909]" name="Martinique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Montagne de Vauclin, leg. ASPER Team 11.1998 [coll. OC, No's 0279–1 to 47].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1A2A139C90A98DC2613F61" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139C90A98DC2613F61" blockId="15.[151,1437,991,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139C90A98DC06539A6" bold="true" box="[151,276,991,1017]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Females are similar to the Central American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A139F0AA9B2C5D139A5" authority="(Redtenbacher, 1908)" authorityName=") Shelford" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[781,1184,991,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139F0AA9B2C2D839A6" box="[781,937,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. perarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1A2A139FB0A98DC5E939A5" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[951,1176,991,1018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with which they share the strongly convex basal portion of the subgenital plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139F26AE51C20D3E42" box="[801,892,1027,1053]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are however readily distinguished by the more flattened head and lack of the prominent pair of auriform cephalic lobes seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A139853AE7AC5803E1E" authorityName=") Shelford" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Redtenbacher" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1108,1265,1064,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139853AE7AC5803E1E" box="[1108,1265,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. perarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as having the anal region of the alae irregularly tessellated instead of striped radially. Furthermore, the subgenital plate is shorter and projects beyond the apex of the abdomen by noticeably less than the combined length of abdominal terga VIII–X. Males are most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A139E7BAEC6C2823EF1" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1908" box="[636,1011,1171,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139E7BAEC6C27C3EF2" box="[636,781,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. spinulosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC1A2A139F12AEC1C2823EF1" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[789,1011,1171,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref44010" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but readily differ by the more convex and more prominently spinose vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139E43AEE5C3EF3E8E" box="[580,670,1207,1233]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
), less spinose mesonotum, slender protibiae and lack the characteristic, dentate dorsal apical lobe of the meso- and metatibiae seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A139F7AAE8EC57E3EAA" box="[893,1039,1243,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139F7AAE8EC57E3EAA" box="[893,1039,1243,1269]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. spinulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A1398ADAE8EC4683EAA" box="[1194,1305,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A1398ADAE8EC4683EAA" box="[1194,1305,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of all other species in the genus by the very prominently raised ridges of the capsule as well as the open and net-like polar and opercular excrescences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139E71AF71C2763F61" box="[630,775,1315,1342]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 22A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC1A2A099CC0AF15C2BA3BF2" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AF15C0113FDA" blockId="15.[151,1437,991,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139CC0AF15C0283F3E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1351,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The colouration is described mostly from colour photographs of numerous live wild and captive reared specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A139CC0AFC3C5473D4E" blockId="15.[151,1437,991,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC1A2A139CC0AFC3C31D3FF6" bold="true" box="[199,620,1423,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139CC0AFC3C1803FF2" box="[199,241,1425,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139D06AFDDC0223FF6" box="[257,339,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,391,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[151,1436,381,1906]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♀♀. A. HT from Dominica, dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. Specimen from Saint Lucia (Millet Forest Trail) in dorsal view [MNHN, coll. ASPER]; C. Captive reared specimen from Saint Lucia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–25]; D. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318970/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139D65AFDDC0AA3FF6" box="[354,475,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6A–C, 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139DEEAFDDC32C3FF6" box="[489,605,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@62.[161,1425,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 23: P. crassus Kirby, 1889 live captive reared insects. A. ♀ from Saint Lucia; B. Medium sized nymphs of both sexes, the uppermost showing the distinctive resting attitudes seen in members of the genus; C. ♀ from Martinique." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319008/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">23A, 23C</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Medium sized to large for the genus (body length incl. subgenital plate 131.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC1A2A139CE2AFE1C02A3F91" box="[229,347,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="170.5">170.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC1A2A139D69AFE1C0AF3F92" box="[366,478,1459,1485]" form="twig" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="form">form twig</taxonomicName>
|
||
–like and moderately stocky with a rather short and broad, basally convex subgenital plate. General colouration different shades of reddish or greyish mid to dark brown with irregular paler speckles and markings. Often with an elongate central whitish marking on mesonotum and a large whitish marking on abdominal tergum V. Sometimes body with several longitudinal dark markings that vaguely indicate dark longitudinal streaks or lines (e.g.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC1A2A139D2CAC16C0313C01" box="[299,320,1604,1630]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC1A2A139D82AC11C3743C02" box="[389,517,1603,1629]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in MNHN,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139E8AAC11C3943C01" box="[653,741,1603,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,391,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[151,1436,381,1906]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♀♀. A. HT from Dominica, dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. Specimen from Saint Lucia (Millet Forest Trail) in dorsal view [MNHN, coll. ASPER]; C. Captive reared specimen from Saint Lucia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–25]; D. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318970/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head usually with a white marking between the eyes, which has two black spots in its centre. Occasionally with further whitish markings on body and legs. Antennae pale brown, the antennomeres with a blackish dorsal spot at apical margin. Eyes yellowish brown with darker speckles. Tegmina plain mid to dark brown, occasionally with the anterior margin blackish. Costal region of alae reddish mid brown with paler spots and a pale reddish tympanal area sub-basally. Anal region transparent pale brown with irregular dark brown or black markings; the markings darkest along the anal veins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC1A2A0C9CC0AD49C0C53A8A" blockId="15.[151,1437,991,2026]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Head: Oval in cross-section, parallel-sided and about 1.4x longer than wide. Between the eyes with two low transverse humps. Vertex somewhat raised in centre and with two pairs of distinct blunt spines, which are surrounded by various smaller spines or spiniform tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC1A2A139F2EAD31C2F53D22" box="[809,900,1891,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
); a further pair of prominent spines at posterior margin. Vertex and genae otherwise irregularly tuberculose. Eyes of moderate size, circular and convex; their diameter contained 2.2x in length of genae. Antennae reaching about two-thirds along mesothorax, consisting of 25–27 segments. Scapus indistinctly longer than wide, compressed dorsoventrally, deflexed laterally and broadly oval in dorsal aspect. Pedicellus subcylindrical and about half the length of scapus. Third antennomere 1.5x longer and narrower than pedicellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC052A0C9CC0AA8DC441383E" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Thorax: Pronotum about as long but slightly narrower than head, 1.5x longer than wide, rectangular and gently constricted medially. Median transverse sulcus distinct, gently curved and reaching lateral margins of segment; anterior half with a slightly impressed median line. Surface otherwise irregularly set with small, spine-like tubercles and granules, a ± enlarged and spiniform pair of tubercles near posterior margin and slightly enlarged pair at anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9CF1AB3DC0213BD6" box="[246,336,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesothorax moderately slender and about 4x longer than pronotum; sometimes slightly swollen pre-medially. Mesonotum with a very fine longitudinal median carina and complete surface irregularly rugulose and rather sparsely set with obtuse tubercles of variable sizes; sometimes with a small hump or cluster of spiniform tubercles pre–medially. Meso- and metapleurae and mesosternum irregularly set with longitudinally directed rugulae, some of which are partially raised to form tubercle-like humps. Metasternum sparsely granulose and with a few scattered nodes. Tegmina broadly oval with a small, rounded central hump and reaching about halfway along median segment. Alae variable in length and at best reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergum II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC052A0C9CC0A839C5693EB6" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Abdomen: Median segment 1.5x longer than metanotum, rectangular, longer than wide and smooth. Complete surface of remaining terga to a variable degree rugulose and aerially granulose; II–IX with a pair of closely placed, irregular longitudinal median carinae. These usually terminating in a small tubercle at posterior margin (often a spiniform projection on VII–IX). A further, irregularly shaped lateral carina present, which in some specimens terminates in a ± distinct spiniform projecting at posterior margin (e.g.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC052A0C9F6BA8A9C2F0394A" box="[876,897,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC052A0C9FC4A8A9C533394A" box="[963,1090,763,789]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in MNHN,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C98C1A8A9C46D394A" box="[1222,1308,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,391,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[151,1436,381,1906]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♀♀. A. HT from Dominica, dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. Specimen from Saint Lucia (Millet Forest Trail) in dorsal view [MNHN, coll. ASPER]; C. Captive reared specimen from Saint Lucia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–25]; D. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318970/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segments II, VI and VII roughly equal in length and somewhat shorter than III–V; II–III increasing in width, IV–VII gradually decreasing in width; all longer than wide. Tergum VII with lateral margins moderately deflexed to form an irregularly sub-angular lobe in posterior half; the lobe laterally projecting by less than width of segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C98EEA935C43039DE" box="[1257,1345,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sterna II–VII with a pair of short but notably raised carinae or ridges near posterior margin; otherwise unevenly rugulose. Praeopercular organ formed by a distinct, peg-like median tubercle near posterior margin of sternum VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9930A9FDC4FE3996" box="[1335,1423,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terga VIII–X narrower than all previous and roughly uniform in width. VIII about 3/5 the length of VII strongly convex, slightly constricted medially and about 1.3x longer than wide. Anal segment as long as IX, flattened and gently narrowed towards the apex; posterior margin with a small but distinct median indention. Epiproct very small, roughly triangular, transverse and with a distinct dorsal keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9F4EAE6DC2D33E06" box="[841,930,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci very small, subcylindrical, somewhat tapered towards the tip and just reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Subgenital plate of moderate length for the genus and extending beyond apex of abdomen by more than the length of the anal segment; basal half strongly convex, obtusely keeled and boat-shaped, then angled upwards post-medially and from there on increasingly flattened and scoop-like with the apex rounded to obtusely triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9F82AE9DC57D3EB6" box="[901,1036,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 6A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC052A0C9CC0AEA1C3903D2E" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Legs: All relatively short and stocky; profemora two-thirds the length of mesothorax, mesofemora somewhat more than half the length of mesothorax and hind legs reaching to posterior of abdominal tergum VI. Profemora with anterodorsal carina raised and forming 4–5 large and obtuse tooth–like lobes, the posteroventral carina just weakly expanded, unarmed and merely with a broad, roughly triangular lobe sub-apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C989BAF0DC5863F26" box="[1180,1271,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterodorsal carina of protibiae moderately deflexed and forming four obtusely triangular lobes; the most apical one being largest. Posteroventral carina lamellate and increasing in width until just slightly before the apex, then abruptly narrowing; slightly wavy but unarmed. Posterodorsal carina of mesofemora with a prominent, rounded sub-apical lobe and 2–3 much smaller, occasionally toothed lobules or teeth in basal half; anterodorsal carina smooth except or a prominent, rounded sub-apical lobe. Antero- and posteroventral carinae with an enlarged, triangular tooth-like lobe sub-apically and usually three smaller teeth in basal half. Dorsal carinae of metafemora smooth or with three very indistinct tooth-like swellings in basal half and a prominent, triangular sub-apical lobe on posterodorsal carina. Antero- and posteroventral carinae with 4–9 indistinct, obtuse teeth which increase in size towards the apex of femur and may become almost obsolete towards the base. Medioventral carina of meso– and metafemora indistinct. Ventral carinae of meso- and metatibiae smooth, the anterodorsal carina with a prominent toothed lobe near the apex and a small, rounded sub-basal lobe; the latter less distinct on metatibiae. Probasitarsus almost as long as following two tarsomeres combined; dorsal carina strongly raised and forming a distinct foliaceous lobe; a smaller dorsal lobe present on tarsomeres II and III. Meso- and metabasitarsus slightly longer than following tarsomere and with a small, triangular (sometimes bi-dentate) dorsal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC052A0D9CC0AD2EC0053B3A" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC052A0C9CC0AD2EC33A3DCB" bold="true" box="[199,587,1914,1944]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC052A0C9CC0AD2EC1803DC7" box="[199,241,1916,1944]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9CF9AD28C03D3DCA" box="[254,332,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,292,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-67@19.[151,1436,273,1920]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♂♂. A. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–7]; B. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–12]; C. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318972/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9D51AD28C0B73DCB" box="[342,454,1914,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6D–F, 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9DD7AD28C3713DCB" box="[464,512,1914,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,200,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-26@60.[158,1430,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 21: Pterinoxylus spp. terminal two abdominal segments of ♂♂ in ventral aspect, showing vomer and poculum. A. P. cocoense n. sp.: PT [MNCR–A, collection no. #107146]; B. P. crassus (Kirby, 1889): Specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838): Specimen from French Guiana [coll. OC]; D. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908): Specimen from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica [coll. FH, No. 0841–6]; E. P. speciosus n. sp.: PT [MNCR–A, collection no. 52571]; F. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908: Specimen from Greenhills, Belize [coll. OC]. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319004/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">21B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC052A0C9E0DAD28C34C3DCB" box="[522,573,1914,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-18@63.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 24: Live captive reared insects. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889 ♂ from Saint Lucia; B. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ in startle position with the wings held up." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">24A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Of average size for the genus (body length 94.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC052A0C9866AD28C5A23DCA" box="[1121,1235,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.065" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="106.5">106.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC052A0C98E4AD29C4ED3DCA" box="[1251,1436,1915,1941]" form="moderately" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="form">form moderately</taxonomicName>
|
||
slender and stick-like with well-developed alae (length 43.0–54.0 mm) and rather slender protibiae. General colouration of body different shades of mid to dark or almost blackish brown, sometimes with a slight reddish wash. Head with a pair of small black markings between the eyes. The largest cephalad and thoracic tubercles and spines usually buffy to reddish brown. Tegmina of same colour as body and often with a distinctive white diagonal streak in interior half, which forms a V-shaped white marking when the wings are closed. Costal region of alae with a reddish hue and dull red ventrally. Anal region dark grey with numerous smaller and larger transparent patches; all anal veins dark greyish brown with interruptions at the transparent patches. Antennae dull ochre to mid brown dorsally and black ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C662FEC042A0D9C90ADDBC5EA3DB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7318970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318970/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,250,1929,1953]" targetBox="[164,1425,391,1899]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC042A0D9C90ADDBC5EA3DB6" blockId="17.[151,1436,1929,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC042A0D9C90ADDBC0673DFE" bold="true" box="[151,278,1929,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 4:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC042A0D9D1BADDBC3F73DFE" authority="(Kirby, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[284,646,1929,1953]" genus="Pterinoxyluis" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC042A0D9D1BADDBC0843DFE" box="[284,501,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pterinoxyluis crassus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC042A0D9E04ADDBC30E3DFE" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[515,639,1929,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀♀.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC042A0D9EB8ADDBC3A93DFE" bold="true" box="[703,728,1929,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A.</emphasis>
|
||
HT from Dominica, dorsolateral view [NHMUK];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC042A0D98E4ADDBC58B3DFE" bold="true" box="[1251,1274,1929,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen from Saint Lucia (Millet Forest Trail) in dorsal view [MNHN, coll. ASPER];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC042A0D9F75ADFFC2FB3D9A" bold="true" box="[882,906,1965,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Captive reared specimen from Saint Lucia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–25];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC042A0D9DD6AD83C0983DB6" bold="true" box="[465,489,2001,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–22].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC072A0E9CC0AAC5C19A3B3A" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Head: Basically as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E9DB9AAC5C0983AEE" box="[446,489,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, central portion of vertex more strongly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9811AAC5C51E3AEE" box="[1046,1135,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and eyes more prominent and projecting hemispherically from head capsule, their diameter contained only 1.4x in length of genae. Entire cephalad armature much more pronounced, with all tubercles rather spiniform and acutely pointed; the largest cephalad pair occasionally with a bifid apex. Tubercles of genae however much less developed to obsolete. Antennae reaching posterior margin of tegmina and with 29–30 segments; otherwise as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E983EAB75C5123B1E" box="[1081,1123,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
but scapus less prominently dilated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC072A0E9CC0AB3DC08C38DA" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Thorax: Pronotum as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E9DDFAB3DC3733BD6" box="[472,514,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
but tubercles less pronounced; a more prominent pair of spiniform tubercles present near posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9DD7ABC1C35F3BF2" box="[464,558,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesothorax elongate, slender, cylindrical and 4.5x longer than pronotum; complete surface very slightly and unevenly rugulose. Mesonotum with a faint longitudinal median carina and set with a variable number of distinct spiniform tubercles of variable sizes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9FBFAB89C5633BAA" box="[952,1042,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
); these gradually decreasing in size towards posterior of mesonotum. Meso- and metapleurae with a longitudinal row of nodes. Meso- and metasternum set with a variable number of scattered nodes or obtuse tubercles. Tegmina sub-oval on outline, slightly projecting over posterior margin of metanotum and with a fairly flat, gently rounded central hump. Alae reaching about half way along abdominal tergum V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC072A0E9CC0A8DDC2A03EFE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Abdomen: Median segment 1.2x longer than metanotum, almost 3x longer than wide and smooth. Segment II very slightly longer than median segment, II to VII slightly decreasing in length; II about 3x, VII only 2.6x longer than wide. II–VII parallel-sided and of uniform width. Terga II–IX with a pair of closely placed fine longitudinal median carinae, surface otherwise very weakly rugulose; V–IX with a further more pronounced lateral carina. All sterna rugulose and sparsely granulose; the rugulae roughly forming two irregular longitudinal carinae. Tergum VIII three-quarters the length of VII, strongly convex and very slightly widening towards the posterior. IX three-quarters the length of VIII, almost 2x longer than wide and parallel-sided. Anal segment two-thirds the length of IX, subrectangular in dorsal aspect but slightly narrowed in posterior portion; the posterior margin with a shallow median indention and the outer portions broadly and weakly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9F5DA9FDC2C33996" box="[858,946,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral surface of outer portions of posterior margins armed with a few small denticles. Epiproct very small, transverse and almost fully hidden under anal segment. Cerci small, strongly compressed basally and the apex slightly club-shaped; somewhat projecting beyond posterior margin of anal segment. Vomer broadly triangular in shape, the terminal hook slightly dextrad-directed, acutely pointed and strongly upcurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9E54AE6DC3CB3E06" box="[595,698,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-26@50.[151,1436,181,1579]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 20: Pterinoxylus spp. venation of alae. A. P. speciosus n. sp. ♀ HT, dorsal view (mirrored horizontally) [MNCR-A, collection no. 042809]; B. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 ♀, ventral view with tympanal area coloured yellow [coll. OC]; C. P. speciosus n. sp. ♂ PT, dorsal view (mirrored horizontally) [MNCR-A, collection no. 52571]. Explanation of abbreviations: 1AA-7AA = first–seventh anterior anal; 1PA-7PA = first–seventh posterior anal, C = costa, Cu = cubitus, Cu1 cubitus 1, Cu2 = cubitus 2, E = empusal, M = media, MA = media anterior, Mp1 = media posterior 1, Mp2 = media posterior 2, R = radial, R1 = radius 1, Rs = radial sector, Sc = subcostal, TA = tympanal area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319002/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Poculum strongly convex with a bluntly conical basal hump and slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergum IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9F05AE31C22D3E22" box="[770,860,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); the posterior half carinate longitudinally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9946AE31C4E53E22" box="[1345,1428,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the posterior margin bi-lobed with a deep median incision (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9F59AED5C2B53EFE" box="[862,964,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,200,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-26@60.[158,1430,181,1836]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 21: Pterinoxylus spp. terminal two abdominal segments of ♂♂ in ventral aspect, showing vomer and poculum. A. P. cocoense n. sp.: PT [MNCR–A, collection no. #107146]; B. P. crassus (Kirby, 1889): Specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838): Specimen from French Guiana [coll. OC]; D. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908): Specimen from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica [coll. FH, No. 0841–6]; E. P. speciosus n. sp.: PT [MNCR–A, collection no. 52571]; F. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908: Specimen from Greenhills, Belize [coll. OC]. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319004/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC072A0E9CC0AEF9C18A3C56" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Legs: Relatively longer and slenderer than in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E9EBBAEF9C3963E9A" box="[700,743,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; profemora almost equal in length to mesothorax, mesofemora three-quarters the length of mesothorax and hind legs reaching to posterior margin of abdominal segment VI. Anterodorsal and posteroventral carina of profemora moderately lamellate, the former gently wavy and usually forming about four tooth-like lobules, the latter with a variable number of small teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9891AF45C5853F6E" box="[1174,1268,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterodorsal carina of protibiae slightly deflexed and irregularly undulate, the posteroventral carina somewhat more distinctly lamellate with the margin sometimes forming an indistinct, rounded lobe sub-apically. Armature of mid and hind legs generally as in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E9D7AAFD1C0D63FC2" box="[381,423,1411,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
but much less pronounced. Probasitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined and with a distinct roundly triangular dorsal lobe; second tarsomere with a much smaller dorsal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9934AFF5C4FE3F9E" box="[1331,1423,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,198,1622]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6: Pterinoxylus crassus (Kirby, 1889). A. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22]; B. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; C. Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]; D. Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; E. Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; F. Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21]; G. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]; H. Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Meso- and metabasitarsus almost as long as following two tarsomeres combined, dorsal carina slightly raised and rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC072A0E9CC0AC41C24B3CBE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC072A0E9CC0AC41C0C73C73" bold="true" box="[199,438,1554,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Nymphs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E9D3AAC40C0D63C73" box="[317,423,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@62.[161,1425,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 23: P. crassus Kirby, 1889 live captive reared insects. A. ♀ from Saint Lucia; B. Medium sized nymphs of both sexes, the uppermost showing the distinctive resting attitudes seen in members of the genus; C. ♀ from Martinique." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319008/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Newly hatched nymphs have a body length of about 30.0 mm and are ochraceous mid brown with the frons greyish and a distinctive pale grey transverse sub–basal band on the meso– and metatibiae. The sex can be determined from 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C069BEFEC072A0E9DE1AC08C0873C37" attach="left" box="[486,502,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nd</superScript>
|
||
instar onwards. Later instars have the leg armature much more strongly developed than the adult insects with the legs in general being much stockier in relation to the body. Female nymphs often exhibit attractive white markings on the mesonotum, median segment and abdominal tergum V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC072A0E98CCACF1C4403CE2" box="[1227,1329,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
|
||
), whilst a pale marking is only present on abdominal tergum V in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E9F0FAC95C2443CBE" box="[776,821,1735,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC072A0F9CC0ACB8C5673AA6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC072A0E9CC0ACB8C0203D5B" bold="true" box="[199,337,1770,1796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Variability:</emphasis>
|
||
Both sexes show notable variability in colouration, size as well as the head and thoracic armature. Whilst some degree of variability is seen within the individual island populations, some variations appear to be peculiar to each of these populations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC072A0E9E39AD61C3DC3D13" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[574,685,1843,1868]" genus="Pterinoxyluis" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC072A0E9E39AD61C3DC3D13" box="[574,685,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has so far been recorded from the islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E98A3AD61C4643D12" box="[1188,1301,1843,1869]" name="Dominica" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9927AD61C4ED3D12" box="[1312,1436,1843,1869]" name="Martinique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9CC2AD05C0363D2E" box="[197,327,1879,1905]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9E0CAD05C3083D2E" box="[523,633,1879,1905]" name="Dominica" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9EAAAD05C25D3D2E" box="[685,812,1879,1905]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are considerably larger than specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9927AD05C4ED3D2E" box="[1312,1436,1879,1905]" name="Martinique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC072A0E9CA5AD29C1BB3DCA" box="[162,202,1915,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
151.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC072A0E9D25AD28C0E73DCA" box="[290,406,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="170.5">170.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
compared to 131.0–144.0 mm; see table 2 below) and are slightly stockier in shape.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9976AD29C0623DE6" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The Dominican</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens differ from the other two populations by having the alae slightly longer with the anal region more conspicuously tessellated with hyaline markings. The population from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC072A0E9FFFAD91C5053D82" box="[1016,1140,1987,2013]" name="Martinique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
has the cephalic armature more pronounced than specimens from either
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC062A0F9E9CAAC5C2783AEE" box="[667,777,151,177]" name="Dominica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC062A0F9F28AAC5C2C33AEE" box="[815,946,151,177]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Whilst
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC062A0F9809AAC5C5493AEE" box="[1038,1080,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC062A0F987AAAC5C5883AEE" box="[1149,1273,151,177]" name="Martinique" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
mostly have a distinctive white diagonal stripe on the inner portion of the tegmina, this is very rarely seen in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC062A0F9964AAE9C1AB3AA6" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Unfortunately, no
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC062A0F9DB6AA8DC0AA3AA6" box="[433,475,223,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
are so far known from the type-locality
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC062A0F9FA7AA8DC5633AA6" box="[928,1042,223,249]" name="Dominica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C662FEC062A0F9C90ADC5C18E3DA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7318972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318972/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[157,1427,292,1916]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC062A0F9C90ADC5C18E3DA8" blockId="19.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC062A0F9C90ADC5C0673DF0" bold="true" box="[151,278,1943,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 5:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC062A0F9D1BADC5C3F73DF0" authority="(Kirby, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[284,646,1943,1967]" genus="Pterinoxyluis" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC062A0F9D1BADC5C0843DF0" box="[284,501,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pterinoxyluis crassus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC062A0F9E04ADC5C30E3DF0" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[515,639,1943,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂♂.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC062A0F9EB8ADC5C3A93DF0" bold="true" box="[703,728,1943,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–7];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC062A0F9982ADC5C4ED3DF0" bold="true" box="[1413,1436,1943,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–12];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC062A0F9F43ADE9C22C3D8C" bold="true" box="[836,861,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–21].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C662FEC012A089C90AC3CC51A3D65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7318974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318974/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,250,1646,1670]" targetBox="[151,1435,199,1621]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC012A089C90AC3CC51A3D65" blockId="20.[151,1437,1646,1850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089C90AC3CC0653CD9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1646,1670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 6:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC012A089D1EAC3CC30D3CD9" authority="(Kirby, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[281,636,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089D1EAC3CC09A3CD9" box="[281,491,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC012A089DF0AC3CC3053CD9" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[503,628,1646,1670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089E83AC3CC3EC3CD9" bold="true" box="[644,669,1646,1670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588– 22];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089CC1ACC0C1AF3CF5" bold="true" box="[198,222,1682,1706]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A08981BACC0C5443CF5" bold="true" box="[1052,1077,1682,1706]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of abdomen of ♀ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–22];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089E33ACE4C33C3C91" bold="true" box="[564,589,1718,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of abdomen of ♂ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089982ACE4C4ED3C91" bold="true" box="[1413,1436,1718,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of abdomen of ♀ from Martinique in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089FC4AC88C2A73CAD" bold="true" box="[963,982,1754,1778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of abdomen of ♂ Martinique in ventral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–21];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089DC9ACACC0993D49" bold="true" box="[462,488,1790,1814]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Saint Lucia in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26];
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089C90AD70C1C03D65" bold="true" box="[151,177,1826,1850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, front legs and prothorax of ♀ from Martinique in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0588–26].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC012A099CC0AD3AC2BA3BF2" blockId="20.[151,1436,1896,2031]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC012A089CC0AD3AC0C23DDD" bold="true" box="[199,435,1896,1922]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC012A089D16AD3AC0D73DDD" box="[273,422,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,199,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[151,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 22: Pterinoxylus spp. eggs. A. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, dorsal view; B. P. crassus Kirby, 1889, lateral view; C. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), dorsal view; D. P. eucnemis (Burmeister, 1838), lateral view; E. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view; F. P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view; G. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), dorsal view; H. P. spinulosus Redtenbacher, 1908 (Belize), lateral view. Explanation of abbreviations: Cer = cercus, Pa = paraproct, SG = subgenital plate (poculum), T9 = abdominal tergum 9, T10 = abdominal tergum 10 (anal segment), DF = thorn pads (“Dornenfeld”), Vo = vomer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319006/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 22A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Very large, alveolar, capsule slightly more than 3x longer than wide, almost cylindrical in cross-section. Surface of capsule minutely granulose, distinctly pitted and with several irregular, longitudinal raised ridges. Polar-area with a hollow, crest- and net-like excrescence; the outer margin irregularly crenate. Micropylar plate small, covering less than one-quarter of capsule, oval and gently tapered towards anterior end. Medially with two longitudinal, parallel ridges and a central, longitudinal impression in between. Micropylar cup distinct, cup-like and at posterior margin of plate; dark brown. Outer margin faint and darker brown than capsule. Median line protruded as a distinct longitudinal keel which almost reaches the posterior end of capsule. Operculum almost circular, with a high and slender central spine and outer margin with a prominent, hollow crest-like excrescence which has the anterior margin irregularly crenate; anterior two-thirds open and of net–like structure. Height of operculum about two-fifths the length of capsule. General colouration plain dull beige to dark brown, micropylar plate slightly darker. Measurements [mm]: Overall length 9.3–9.6, capsule length 7.8–8.2, width 2.6–2.8, height 2.8–3.0, length of micropylar plate 1.7–1.8, height of operculum 1.9–2.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC002A099CC0ABE4C29339B2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC002A099CC0ABE4C18338DA" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099CC0ABE4C0233B8F" bold="true" box="[199,338,438,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC002A099D50ABE5C3503B8E" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[343,545,438,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref43568" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1889) Descriptions of Phasmidae from Dominica, Santa Lucia and Brazil (Theresopolis), in the collection ofthe British Museum. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 6 (3), 501 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460378" type="journal article" year="1889">Kirby (1889: 502)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099F0CABE5C2833B8F" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[779,1010,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099F0CABE5C2833B8F" box="[779,1010,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pterinoxylus crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a single
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC002A0998BCABE5C5A13B8E" box="[1211,1232,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099915ABE5C4F13B8E" box="[1298,1408,439,465]" name="Dominica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the collection of NHMUK (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC002A099DCAAB89C3593BAA" box="[461,552,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,391,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[151,1436,381,1906]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4: Pterinoxyluis crassus (Kirby, 1889) ♀♀. A. HT from Dominica, dorsolateral view [NHMUK]; B. Specimen from Saint Lucia (Millet Forest Trail) in dorsal view [MNHN, coll. ASPER]; C. Captive reared specimen from Saint Lucia in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0588–25]; D. Captive reared specimen from Martinique [coll. FH, No. 0588–22]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318970/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C88805EC002A099F05AB89C2153BAA" box="[770,868,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
there is another
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC002A099819AB89C5423BAA" box="[1054,1075,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099870AB89C5943BAA" box="[1143,1253,475,501]" name="Dominica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the NHMUK collection, which appears to have been collected along with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C88805EC002A099F85ABADC2953846" box="[898,996,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
possibly from same locality. Like the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C88805EC002A099C90A871C1883862" box="[151,249,547,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
it seems to have been provisionally preserved in spirits. It is slightly shorter, bears the same data label and is mounted on the same kind of pin. Certainly, this second
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2EEC002A099F60A815C20D383E" box="[871,892,583,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
was overlooked by Kirby when he described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A09998FA815C19A38DB" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A09998FA815C19A38DB" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC002A099CC0A8DDC29339B2" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099CC0A8DDC04838F7" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[199,313,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099CC0A8DDC04838F7" box="[199,313,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is successfully cultured in Europe from stocks originating from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099827A8DDC5ED38F6" box="[1056,1180,655,681]" name="Martinique" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and imported in 1998 as well as from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099D4EA8E1C0BB3892" box="[329,458,691,717]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
imported in 2003. The insects develop well in moderately humid conditions with good ventilation and plenty of fresh food. In captivity the following alternative food plants are accepted to a variable degree: oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099D0AA8A9C0C1394A" box="[269,432,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099D0AA8A9C0C1394A" box="[269,432,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Quercus robur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099DD5A8A9C338394B" box="[466,585,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099DD5A8A9C338394B" box="[466,585,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Q. petraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099E51A8A9C3B2394A" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[598,707,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bramble (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099F38A8A9C288394A" box="[831,1017,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099F38A8A9C288394A" box="[831,1017,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rubus fruticosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099800A8A9C504394A" box="[1031,1141,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), raspberry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099907A8A9C4E4394A" box="[1280,1429,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099907A8A9C4E4394A" box="[1280,1429,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rubus idaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099C90A94DC0743966" box="[151,261,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), hypericum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099D98A94DC30C3966" box="[415,637,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099D98A94DC30C3966" box="[415,637,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hypericum patulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099E98A94DC2453966" box="[671,820,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099E98A94DC2453966" box="[671,820,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099F46A94DC2AF3966" box="[833,990,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), eucalyptus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099870A94DC4333967" box="[1143,1346,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gunnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099870A94DC4333967" box="[1143,1346,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eucalyptus gunnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099949A94DC1BB3902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and guava (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099D63A911C3553903" box="[356,548,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099D63A911C3553903" box="[356,548,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099E32A911C3C03902" box="[565,689,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the wild Langlois, Lelong, Rastel, Polidori, & Dorel, (2000: 51),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC002A099CCDA935C3CC39DE" author="Lelong, P. & Langlois, F. & Rastel, D. & Dorel, E." box="[202,701,870,897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref43766" refString="Lelong, P., Langlois, F., Rastel, D. & Dorel, E. (2003) Phasmatodea of Dominica. ASPER publishing, Sainte Foyd'Aigrefeuille, 103 pp." type="book" year="2003">Lelong, Langlois, Rastel & Dorel (2003: 75)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B56EC002A099EF4A935C53539DE" author="Lelong, P. & Langlois, F." box="[755,1092,870,897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref43801" refString="Lelong, P. & Langlois, F. (2005) Contribution a la connaissance des Phasmatodea de la Martinique. Bulletin dela Societe entomologique de France, 110 (3), 259 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2005.16231" type="journal article" year="2005">Lelong & Langlois (2005: 47)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A0998A8A935C46E39DF" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1199,1311,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Pterinoxylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A0998A8A935C46E39DF" box="[1199,1311,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. crassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on guava,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099CEFA9D9C34F39FA" box="[232,574,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Coccoloba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099CEFA9D9C01039FA" box="[232,353,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coccoloba</emphasis>
|
||
sp. (Polygonaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D24EC002A099E74A9D9C2C739FA" box="[627,950,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099E74A9D9C26E39FA" box="[627,799,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hibiscus elatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Malvaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hatching rates of the eggs are high (80–95 %) and the mortality of the newly hatched nymphs very low. The duration of incubation for the eggs is between 6–9 months and nymphs grow fairly slow, taking 5–6 months to reach maturity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652CEC002A099CC0A9A4C0563E06" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A7EC002A099CC0A9A4C0563E06" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB5EC002A099CC0A9A4C0A73E4F" bold="true" box="[199,470,1014,1040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A22EC002A099D69A9A4C0B63E4F" box="[366,455,1014,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="70.[151,250,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetId="figure-26@70.[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 31: Map showing the known records for Pterinoxylus cocoense n. sp., P. crassus Kirby, 1889 and P. perarmatus (Redtenbacher, 1908). The imprecise locality „Guatemala“ for a specimen of P. perarmatus in the collection of MHNG is omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7319028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7319028/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Antilles.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099E99A9A5C27D3E4E" box="[670,780,1015,1041]" name="Dominica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(La Plume).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099FABA9A5C5593E4E" box="[940,1064,1015,1041]" name="Martinique" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Montane de Vauclin & Morne Aca).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647637EC002A099CE6AE49C0103E6A" box="[225,353,1051,1077]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saint Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mountain forest; Edmond Forest Reserve
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC002A099F45AE48C2B53E6A" box="[834,964,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.255" metricValueMax="5.79" metricValueMin="4.72" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="525.5" valueMax="579.0" valueMin="472.0">472–579 m</quantity>
|
||
; Forestiere
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC002A099842AE48C5B73E6A" box="[1093,1222,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="1.83" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="244.0" valueMax="305.0" valueMin="183.0">183–305 m</quantity>
|
||
; Millet Forest Trail
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B42EC002A099C90AE6CC06B3E06" box="[151,282,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" metricValueMax="2.59" metricValueMin="2.29" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="244.0" valueMax="259.0" valueMin="229.0">229–259 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |