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<document id="F31BA107FB1277EB91F7C627881BEBF6" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2011n3a4" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547017" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613606754513" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude, Trape, Jean François, David, Patrick, Ohler, Annemarie, Dubois, Alain &amp; Glitho, Isabelle Adolé" docDate="2011" docId="03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.33.3.325-360.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B.6:Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Aparallactus lunulatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="340" masterDocId="FF8E8436C03D6E71FFEDFF816F6AE04F" masterDocTitle="The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems" masterLastPageNumber="360" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1698873147243" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="D60E6B8FD9B5E4CC91EFADE52B315E91" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="45FD188351F377090EAA42D1EB20911A">
<mods:title id="56DBBB775EBDE9CECC70EC568AA1FA7C">The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A09DF635B1A3BEE05E507F963B1D4468" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5D5B90773FF37C789DDE9CF893DD57A1">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2AE1C9306B135EB746398CE0C804B710">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) h _ segniagbeto @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9A5FA837A4B32635F49775C929D799D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F9822DCD44976F1789A886067FA18750">Trape, Jean François</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A7E975FB2E3F239078BD161072A719AC">Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie médicale, UR 77, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Dakar, BP 1386, Dakar (Senegal) jean-françois. trape @ ird. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF0CE31D5EBCDB712E5CB8F8DFCCF1C1" type="email">trape@ird.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="63CE39FADAC3FA8528F955CFE149E7FF">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5B17035CC70439C79AC05D26949BC2D8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B736C6073929EFA0F89D120E1022D6A0">
<mods:roleTerm id="FF500EE7BFA7A31899333CC7F0504FB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AA65857D4ED12566F4F05D5261CDA4B6">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="125DEF725C76E7FE6D76DFC3E6056B6E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0953449D102AC9A3A881E6008070E94C">
<mods:roleTerm id="AA6F940B4BA863E82235AD9CAB8B6B45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1ED148BE9FDBFAA36DFA0AA199C9CE1F">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D65EB32F7C680F319858EA73D3DF4409">UMR 7205 OSEB, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Département de Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) pdavid @ mnhn. fr ohler @ mnhn. fr adubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="23749ACD08D941863F7B54323B3C50AE" type="email">pdavid@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E3919194CC8806D2AA6475F1100C9706">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="39C40FC95F10B6688A718A7E59FBCCAD">Glitho, Isabelle Adolé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D527B87144500877F599191CB0B690F5">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) iglitho @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="19961DE4F7AD1779774CAABD8FB20E93" type="email">iglitho@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4290F62894CA8A9408856A87E3981CAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2D36C51394262F9BF2BDBF363DE8437B">
<mods:title id="57B6880D64ECA2B61F5E9CCC18B92F94">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8D21563CF482B273B94013735B6A2270">
<mods:date id="55D2436CD8C90D47947CEBC9625A32CD">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D34E8F646BB86865BE6AA744025FD2C1" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0BCD498018C7D03BF1EECE6E23602815">2011-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AFF9607E6954B11253AF095F1B0FC0BB">33</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="DB5FC4756ADE970B1487D590DE2D6080">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2EB3A3334D2C59212BED3A7F78D244C6">325</mods:start>
<mods:end id="21FED5861DB2D4D10BE734D550B65A43">360</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="0B98F9D11F9C10B1552937F64EDD4A94">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="70F900D0089EF30F7EE876B11A21707F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="79F5D9160C89D41CFA3B12F6DE84CF45" type="DOI">10.5252/z2011n3a4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="621BA40FB98D4F2AD9779DFA5D0EA10C" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="263964C5C4AA917461B39C0F5BA4916A" type="Zenodo-Dep">4547017</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0336E7FFF44FBAE6D24E405" box="[169,590,1071,1098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFF44FBAE6D24E405" blockId="14.[169,590,1071,1098]" box="[169,590,1071,1098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="D0E9FA34C0336E7FFF44FBAE6D24E405" box="[169,590,1071,1098]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFF44FBAE6D24E405" authority="(Peters, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[169,590,1071,1098]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFF44FBAE6EC3E405" bold="true" box="[169,425,1071,1098]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0336E7FFF9CFBE86E0AE646" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFF9CFBE86E35E5C6" blockId="14.[112,648,1129,1417]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<materialsCitation id="3B764705C0336E7FFF9CFBE86E31E5C6" collectionCode="MNHN, MRAC" country="Kenya" county="Bassar" location="Yakoma" municipality="Binaparba" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" specimenCode="MNHN 1916.0263, 0265, MRAC 8506, MRAC 10400, MRAC 10952-10954, MNHN 1996.6463, 6465, MNHN 1994.3234, MNHN 1992.4655, MNHN 1904.0322, MNHN 1901.0451, MRAC 17366, MNHN 2001.0141, MRAC 73, MRAC 29607" specimenCount="20">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<specimenCount id="9D1886D1C0336E7FFE60FBE86D4BE4CE" box="[397,545,1129,1153]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
(Congo:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF9CFB026E24E4D4" box="[113,334,1155,1179]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 1916.0263</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFEB8FB026EE4E4D4" box="[341,398,1155,1179]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">0265</specimenCode>
[no specific locality],
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF9CFB1F6F93E4F9" box="[113,249,1182,1206]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="Museum">MRAC 8506</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C0336E7FFEE9FB1F6E3DE4F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F:8EC11B83C0336E7FFEE9FB1F6E3DE4F9" box="[260,343,1182,1206]" country="Kenya" county="Bassar" municipality="Binaparba" name="Yakoma" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Yakoma</location>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFE8FFB1F6E9DE4F9" box="[354,503,1182,1206]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="Museum">MRAC 10400</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C0336E7FFDEFFB1F6D58E4F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F:8EC11B83C0336E7FFDEFFB1F6D58E4F9" box="[514,562,1182,1206]" country="Kenya" county="Bassar" municipality="Binaparba" name="Iswa" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Iswa</location>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFDD1FB1F6E6FE49F" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="Museum">MRAC 10952-10954</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C0336E7FFEFEFB396E0EE49F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F:8EC11B83C0336E7FFEFEFB396E0EE49F" box="[275,356,1208,1232]" country="Kenya" county="Bassar" municipality="Binaparba" name="Karawa" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Karawa</location>
; Central African Republic:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF9CFB526E50E4A4" box="[113,314,1235,1259]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 1996.6463</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFEADFB526E1EE4A4" box="[320,372,1235,1259]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">6465</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFE90FB526D2BE4A4" box="[381,577,1235,1259]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 1994.3234</specimenCode>
[
<location id="8EC11B83C0336E7FFDA0FB526DEBE4A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F:8EC11B83C0336E7FFDA0FB526DEBE4A4" box="[589,641,1235,1259]" country="Kenya" county="Bassar" municipality="Binaparba" name="Seko" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Seko</location>
] and
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF71FB6C6E00E54A" box="[156,362,1261,1285]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 1992.4655</specimenCode>
, no specific locality;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFDADFB6C6DE9E54A" box="[576,643,1261,1285]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Kenya</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF9FFA896E22E56F" box="[114,328,1288,1312]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 1904.0322</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFE6EFA896D34E56F" box="[387,606,1288,1312]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 1901.0451</specimenCode>
, no specific locality; Democratic Republic of Congo [
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFDAFFAA36D17E575" box="[578,637,1314,1338]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">DRC</collectingCountry>
]:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF9DFABC6E6CE51A" box="[112,262,1341,1365]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="Museum">MRAC 17366</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C0336E7FFEFFFABC6E34E51A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0336E7EFF44FBAE6E57E27F:8EC11B83C0336E7FFEFFFABC6E34E51A" box="[274,350,1341,1365]" country="Kenya" county="Bassar" municipality="Binaparba" name="Blakwa" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Blakwa</location>
; Sudan:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFE54FABC6DEEE51A" box="[441,644,1341,1365]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">MNHN 2001.0141</specimenCode>
and 2001.0182;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFEFFFAD66E2DE520" box="[274,327,1367,1391]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Togo</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFEA2FAD66EDFE520" box="[335,437,1367,1391]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="Museum">MRAC 73</specimenCode>
09 R 217,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC5D722C0336E7FFDF3FAD66DEEE520" box="[542,644,1367,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Binaparba</collectingMunicipality>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0336E7FFF9DFAF06E6FE5C6" box="[112,261,1393,1417]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="Museum">MRAC 29607</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C035D4C0336E7FFEFDFAF06E3EE5C6" box="[272,340,1393,1417]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Bassar</collectingCounty>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFF9CFA236E0AE646" blockId="14.[112,646,1442,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
MORPHOLOGY. — TL from
<quantity id="4CE6E0BDC0336E7FFE6BFA236D49E5F5" box="[390,547,1442,1466]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.78" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" unit="mm" value="294.0" valueMax="310.0" valueMin="278.0">278 to 310 mm</quantity>
; 15 MSR, smooth; 168 Ven, smooth; 46-47 Sc, all single; anal single; 6-7 supralabials; 7 infralabials; 1 preocular; 1 postocular; 1 temporal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0336E7FFF9CF9A06F9CE6EC" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFF9CF9A06F9CE6EC" blockId="14.[112,646,1569,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
DISTRIBUTION. — This species inhabits mostly Sudanese savannahs and is thus restricted to ER I and II. Voucher specimens listed here are probably those mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFF7FF9F06EB3E6C6" author="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; VERHEYEN W. N." box="[146,473,1649,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="200 - 204" refId="ref27452" refString="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; VERHEYEN W. N. 1970. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo: Liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la deuxieme mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 82 (1 - 2): 200 - 204." type="journal article" year="1970">Hulselmans &amp; Verheyen (1970)</bibRefCitation>
and Hulselmans
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFF9CF90D6FC9E6EC" box="[113,163,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
(1970).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0336E7FFD48FF596C00E2A1" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFD48FF596D95E0BE" blockId="14.[673,1212,216,1700]" box="[677,767,216,243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFD48FF796C00E2A1" blockId="14.[673,1212,216,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFD48FF796C1BE15C" author="STERNFELD L." box="[677,881,248,275]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="92 - 95" refId="ref28978" refString="STERNFELD L. 1908 a. - Neue und ungenugend bekannte afrikanische Schlangen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde Berlin 1908: 92 - 95." type="journal article" year="1908">Sternfeld (1908a)</bibRefCitation>
identified a specimen from Mango (Sansane Mangu) in
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC33FE966B7FE17D" box="[990,1045,279,306]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Togo</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFBD7FE966CF7E11D" authority="Sternfeld, 1908" authorityName="Sternfeld" authorityYear="1908" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocagii">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFBD7FE966D84E11E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus bocagii</emphasis>
Sternfeld, 1908
</taxonomicName>
. However, this taxon, now a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFCA6FED76BDFE13D" authority="Smith, 1849" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[843,1205,342,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFCA6FED76B49E13F" box="[843,1059,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus capensis</emphasis>
Smith, 1849
</taxonomicName>
, occurs in southeastern Africa, from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFBA4FEF76BF3E1DE" box="[1097,1177,374,401]" name="Angola" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Angola</collectingCountry>
to southern
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFCE9FE176C57E1FE" box="[772,829,406,433]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">RDC</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC86FE176CADE1FE" box="[875,967,406,433]" name="Namibia" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Namibia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFC22FE176B33E1FE" author="PARKER H. W." box="[975,1113,406,433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="544 - 548" refId="ref28205" refString="PARKER H. W. 1933. - Some African snakes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (10): 544 - 548." type="journal article" year="1933">Parker (1933)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFD4FFE346CF9E180" box="[674,915,437,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liddiardae">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFD4FFE346CF9E180" box="[674,915,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus liddiardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a specimen collected from Jos
<collectingRegion id="49DA83BAC0336E7FFCE9FE546C38E1BF" box="[772,850,469,496]" country="Nigeria" name="Plateau" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Plateau</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC9FFE546CAFE1BF" box="[882,965,469,496]" name="Nigeria" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFC20FE546BD0E1BF" author="LOVERIDGE A." box="[973,1210,469,496]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="121 - 247" refId="ref27999" refString="LOVERIDGE A. 1944. - Further revisions of African snake genera. Bulletin of the the Museum of Comparative Zoology 95: 121 - 247." type="journal article" year="1944">Loveridge (1944: 191)</bibRefCitation>
referred the Togolese specimen to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFBC8FE746BD8E240" box="[1061,1202,501,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liddiardae">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFBC8FE746BD8E240" box="[1061,1202,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">A. liddiardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species was subsequently synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFD4BFDB56B75E200" authority="(Peters, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[678,1055,564,591]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFD4BFDB56CE3E201" box="[678,905,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
by de
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFB8DFDB56C24E220" author="WITTE G. - F. &amp; DE &amp; LAURENT R. F." pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref29797" refString="WITTE G. - F. DE &amp; LAURENT R. F. 1947. - Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains, genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. Memoire du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (2) 29: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1947">Witte &amp; Laurent (1947)</bibRefCitation>
. However, these authors pointed out that the synonymies proposed in their paper were provisional and that the various taxa placed in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFC9BFD326C99E282" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[886,1011,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFC9BFD326C99E282" box="[886,1011,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">A. lunulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably deserved a subspecific rank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0336E7EFD56FD736D1EE11D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7FFD56FD736C2FE425" blockId="14.[673,1212,216,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFD56FD736CCAE343" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[699,928,754,780]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFD56FD736CCAE343" box="[699,928,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in nearly the whole of the savannah belt from Western to Eastern Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFCF1FCB36CA6E302" author="CHIPPAUX J. - P." box="[796,972,818,845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref26729" refString="CHIPPAUX J. - P. 2006. - Les serpents d'Afrique Occidentale et Centrale. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales, Paris, IRD Editions 35: 311 p." type="book" year="2006">Chippaux 2006</bibRefCitation>
). De
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFBE9FCB36D84E323" author="WITTE G. - F. &amp; DE &amp; LAURENT R. F." pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref29797" refString="WITTE G. - F. DE &amp; LAURENT R. F. 1947. - Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains, genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. Memoire du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (2) 29: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1947">Witte &amp; Laurent (1947)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFC9EFCD36D8AE3C3" authority="Parker, 1933" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1933" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lunulatus" subSpecies="liddiardae">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFC9EFCD36B0DE324" box="[883,1127,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">A. lunulatus liddiardae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFB9DFCD06D8AE3C3" author="PARKER H. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="544 - 548" refId="ref28205" refString="PARKER H. W. 1933. - Some African snakes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (10): 544 - 548." type="journal article" year="1933">Parker, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with 170 to 174 ventral scales in
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFBD7FCF06B19E3C3" box="[1082,1139,881,908]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Togo</collectingCountry>
, might be the valid name for a western subspecies which would differ by a higher number of ventrals from
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFD48FC516D88E444" authority="Chabanaud, 1916" authorityName="Chabanaud" authorityYear="1916" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lunulatus" subSpecies="nigricollaris">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFD48FC516B4CE3A5" box="[677,1062,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus lunulatus nigricollaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFBC2FC516D88E444" author="CHABANAUD P." pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="362 - 382" refId="ref26532" refString="CHABANAUD P. 1916. - Enumeration des Ophidiens non encore etudies de l'Afrique occidentale appartenant aux collections du Museum avec la description des especes et des varietes nouvelles. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 22: 362 - 382." type="journal article" year="1916">Chabanaud, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This latter taxon has 133 to 140 ventrals and is known from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFCA3FB916CF2E464" box="[846,920,1040,1067]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Congo</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC2CFB916B70E464" box="[961,1050,1040,1067]" name="Uganda" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Uganda</collectingCountry>
. Furthermore, West African specimens are larger than those from Eastern Africa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0336E7EFD56FBEE6D1EE11D" blockId="14.[673,1212,216,1700]" lastBlockId="15.[112,647,216,560]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
We compared our specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFBEFFBEF6DBEE4E7" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFBEFFBEF6DBEE4E7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFCF9FB0F6C20E4E6" box="[788,842,1166,1193]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Togo</collectingCountry>
with others from Central and East Africa (RCA: Seko, MNHN 1994.3234, MNHN 1996.6463-6465;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFCBBFB4F6CCEE4A6" box="[854,932,1230,1257]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Soudan</collectingCountry>
:Boma,MNHN2001.0141, MNHN 2001.0182;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC98FB6C6CD7E547" box="[885,957,1261,1288]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Congo</collectingCountry>
:MNHN 1916.263-264;
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFD4FFA8C6D81E567" box="[674,747,1293,1320]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Kenya</collectingCountry>
: MNHN 1901.451, MNHN 1904.322). Specimens from West (
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC49FAAC6CB5E507" box="[932,991,1325,1352]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Togo</collectingCountry>
) and Central Africa (RCA and
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFCF5FACD6C08E528" box="[792,866,1356,1383]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Congo</collectingCountry>
) agree very well with the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0336E7FFD32FAED6B30E5C8" authority="(Peters, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[735,1114,1388,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFD32FAED6CD5E5C9" box="[735,959,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54A5F3FAC0336E7FFB61FAED6BD3E5C8" box="[1164,1209,1388,1415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">type</typeStatus>
locality of which is
<collectingRegion id="49DA83BAC0336E7FFC9CFA0D6CCBE5E8" box="[881,929,1420,1447]" country="Mozambique" name="Tete" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Tete</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC41FA0D6B51E5E8" box="[940,1083,1420,1447]" name="Mozambique" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
. They differ from specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC60FA2A6CBAE589" box="[909,976,1451,1478]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFBEAFA2A6B23E589" box="[1031,1097,1451,1478]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Sudan</collectingCountry>
by 1) lack of black nuchal collar, 2) specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFB9BFA4A6BD1E5A9" box="[1142,1211,1483,1510]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Kenya</collectingCountry>
have a suture between the prefrontal and the 2nd supralabial, which is lacking in specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFB9CF98B6BDCE66A" box="[1137,1206,1546,1573]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, and 3) specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFC73F9AB6C8BE60A" box="[926,993,1578,1605]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Kenya</collectingCountry>
have a stouter body than those from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFCA3F9CB6CFAE62A" box="[846,912,1610,1637]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Sudan</collectingCountry>
and West Africa. In contrast, variation in the number of ventral scales as compiled by de
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFD0CF9086C88E6EB" author="WITTE G. - F. &amp; DE &amp; LAURENT R. F." box="[737,994,1673,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref29797" refString="WITTE G. - F. DE &amp; LAURENT R. F. 1947. - Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains, genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. Memoire du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (2) 29: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1947">Witte &amp; Laurent (1947)</bibRefCitation>
does not seem to be sound enough to regard these taxa as full species. It should be underlined that the descriptions provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0326E7EFF7CFE966E33E17D" author="CHABANAUD P." box="[145,345,279,306]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" pagination="362 - 382" refId="ref26532" refString="CHABANAUD P. 1916. - Enumeration des Ophidiens non encore etudies de l'Afrique occidentale appartenant aux collections du Museum avec la description des especes et des varietes nouvelles. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 22: 362 - 382." type="journal article" year="1916">Chabanaud (1916)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0326E7EFE66FE966D76E17D" author="PARKER H. W." box="[395,540,279,306]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" pagination="544 - 548" refId="ref28205" refString="PARKER H. W. 1933. - Some African snakes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (10): 544 - 548." type="journal article" year="1933">Parker (1933)</bibRefCitation>
agree well with that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0326E7EFF1EFEB66D1AE11D" authority="(Peters, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[243,624,311,338]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0326E7EFF1EFEB66EB9E11E" box="[243,467,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0326E7EFF65FED66E57E27F" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0326E7EFF65FED66E57E27F" blockId="15.[112,647,216,560]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">
On this basis and following
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0326E7EFE25FED66FC3E1DE" author="LOVERIDGE A." pageId="15" pageNumber="340" pagination="121 - 247" refId="ref27999" refString="LOVERIDGE A. 1944. - Further revisions of African snake genera. Bulletin of the the Museum of Comparative Zoology 95: 121 - 247." type="journal article" year="1944">Loveridge (1944: 191)</bibRefCitation>
, we refer to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0326E7EFEC2FEF76D7DE1DF" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[303,535,374,400]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0326E7EFEC2FEF76D7DE1DF" box="[303,535,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Aparallactus lunulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0326E7EFF0CFE176E72E1FE" box="[225,280,406,433]" name="Togo" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Togo</collectingCountry>
identified by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0326E7EFE41FE176D06E1FE" author="STERNFELD L." box="[428,620,406,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" pagination="207 - 236" refId="ref29004" refString="STERNFELD L. 1908 b. - Die Schlangenfauna Togos. Mittheilungen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4: 207 - 236." type="journal article" year="1908">Sternfeld (1908b)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0326E7EFF9CFE346E51E180" authorityName="Sternfeld" authorityYear="1908" box="[113,315,437,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Aparallactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocagii">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0326E7EFF9CFE346E51E180" box="[113,315,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Aparallactus bocagii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the systematic status of these West African populations should be reevaluated on the basis of an adequate sample from throughout Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>