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<mods:title id="900EC7082CC016C37C2B3CFB08E6D56A">The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2C68BA46C51CC06F0A43180E6DEB4C6">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0A1D75801D405ED7E1DE6E45ED940339">Trape, Jean François</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F585E9E45720F9E70D1824845BF0E4A6">Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie médicale, UR 77, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Dakar, BP 1386, Dakar (Senegal) jean-françois. trape @ ird. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6E66F13CF205226F1CE5300F41735646">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C9E577E10B49357DE4BDF9E54D037B0">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="888A489D1D22F704C08365EAF45BDD00">UMR 7205 OSEB, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Département de Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) pdavid @ mnhn. fr ohler @ mnhn. fr adubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F3F2B23556457D6D118B43D9BAE480E0">Glitho, Isabelle Adolé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1B890F8890EE0F86599961072877616B">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) iglitho @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0306E7CFD12FA2A6B35E589" authority="Gunther, 1858" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1858" box="[767,1119,1451,1478]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Pseudohaje" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0306E7CFD12FA2A6CDDE58A" bold="true" box="[767,951,1451,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Pseudohaje nigra</emphasis>
Günther, 1858
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<specimenCount id="9D1886D1C0306E7CFC7DFA6A6B6BE64C" box="[912,1025,1515,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0306E7CFBE1FA6A6BDCE64C" box="[1036,1206,1515,1539]" collectionCode="GHS-W" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">GHS-W 1275-77</specimenCode>
, Sodo Zion; GHS-W 1236, Yo [Agome Yo])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0306E7FFD48F9BD6D45E1C1" blockId="13.[677,1210,1596,1699]" lastBlockId="14.[112,647,215,398]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
MORPHOLOGY. — TL from
<quantity id="4CE6E0BDC0306E7CFC5EF9BD6B32E61B" box="[947,1112,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="905.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="510.0">510 to 1300 mm</quantity>
; 13 MSR, smooth and oblique; 181-188 Ven, smooth; 82-85 Sc, paired; anal single; 7 supralabials; 7-8 infralabials; 1 preocular; 3 postoculars; temporal scale formula 1 + 2. DISTRIBUTION. — This species is mostly a forestdweller. Our voucher specimens were obtained in ER IV.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFF7BFE8D6E2EE16B" author="STERNFELD L." box="[150,324,268,292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="207 - 236" refId="ref29004" refString="STERNFELD L. 1908 b. - Die Schlangenfauna Togos. Mittheilungen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4: 207 - 236." type="journal article" year="1908">Sternfeld (1908b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFEA3FE8D6EC0E16B" author="STERNFELD L." box="[334,426,268,292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref29026" refString="STERNFELD L. 1909. - Die Schlangen Togos, in Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien 1 (1): iv + 29 p., map." type="book" year="1909">1909: 23</bibRefCitation>
) recorded this species from Missahohe. It has also been mentioned from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0336E7FFDB9FEA66DEFE170" box="[596,645,295,319]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFF63FEC06E42E116" author="HUGHES B." box="[142,296,321,345]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="359 - 371" refId="ref27212" refString="HUGHES B. 1976. - Notes on African carpet vipers, Echis carinatus, E. leucogaster and E. ocellatus (Viperidae, Serpentes). Revue suisse de Zoologie 83: 359 - 371." type="journal article" year="1976">Hughes (1976)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFEDCFEC06D58E116" author="HARDING K. A. &amp; WELCH K. R. G." box="[305,562,321,345]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref27088" refString="HARDING K. A. &amp; WELCH K. R. G. 1980. - Venomous Snakes of the World. A checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 p." type="book" year="1980">Harding &amp; Welch (1980)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFDD1FEC06FD2E13C" author="ROMAN B." pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref28669" refString="ROMAN B. 1984. - Serpents des Pays de l'Entente. C. N. R. S. T., Ouagadougou, 45 p." type="book" year="1984">Roman (1984)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFF2EFEDA6E24E13C" author="GOLAY P." box="[195,334,347,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref26940" refString="GOLAY P. 1985. - Checklist and Keys to the Terrestrial Proteroglyphs of the World (Serpentes: Elapidae-Hydrophiidae). Geneve, Fondation culturelle Elapsoidea, ix + 91 p." type="book" year="1985">Golay (1985)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFEB4FEDA6D76E13C" author="GOLAY P. &amp; SMITH H. M. &amp; BROADLEY D. G. &amp; DIXON J. R. &amp; MCCARTHY C. J. &amp; SCHATTI B. &amp; TORIBA M." box="[345,540,347,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref26973" refString="GOLAY P., SMITH H. M., BROADLEY D. G., DIXON J. R., MCCARTHY C. J., SCHATTI B. &amp; TORIBA M. 1993. - Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Aire-Geneve, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center, xv + 478 p." type="book" year="1993">
Golay
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0336E7FFE70FEDD6EA4E13C" box="[413,462,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFDCAFEDA6E6DE1C1" author="SPAWLS S. &amp; BRANCH B." pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refId="ref28945" refString="SPAWLS S. &amp; BRANCH B. 1995. - The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Natural History. Species Directory. Venoms and Snakebite. Blanford, London, 192 p." type="book" year="1995">Spawls &amp; Branch (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0336E7FFED7FEF76D41E1C1" author="DAVID P. &amp; INEICH I." box="[314,555,374,398]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" pagination="3 - 499" refId="ref26760" refString="DAVID P. &amp; INEICH I. 1999. - Les serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia 3: 3 - 499." type="journal article" year="1999">David &amp; Ineich (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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