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115 lines
14 KiB
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<document id="ECE0970CD6169AFBE300D229A73830BA" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFAF320384B8FB499B36FE06" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.3:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Charina Gray 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1713794153851" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F61EAF809B2A418BB2E6CC43495F760D">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFC235C02A6E4642362D6AD8D4ECAC74">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75072FDFEC1DCCDAB95632F0528AC723">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="09FEF666A96B72B7F150189BBE708C09">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="92C5D8137BCFD46D6ED289462170BE4F">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0605F08E8ACA97B988D97882332392E5">
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<mods:date id="0506445C482F8EA0D534B3C392CBDD5B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C5E64B9DB5940045D67EB50AE1025A7A" type="series">
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<mods:title id="DCA665EB124909C01BA430D110D11407">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:detail id="729859E328F4C1FADA6B649FA2EFD2B9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E892F07EF634AAA9355411BD0C406237">27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="30891EDFFCA03AB481DD0ABAC4C0A017">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6FE53018E83D34BB1B0F779F42295757">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F284C18FAC607FF7AB1949648D560238" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7F9263A9FB47C4A4BB71CF1DBCD03B5E" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFAF320384B8FB499B36FE06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFAF320384B8FB499B36FE06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFAF320384B8FB499B36FE06" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFAF320C84B8FB499C7BFB75" box="[968,1311,1171,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFAF320C84B8FB499C7BFB75" blockId="7.[968,1311,1171,1197]" box="[968,1311,1171,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0ED8192FFAF320C84B8FB499C7BFB75" box="[968,1311,1171,1197]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFAF320C836EFB499C7BFB75" ID-CoL="3M9J" ID-ENA="39156" authority="Gray, 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1054,1311,1171,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C836EFB499DF2FB75" box="[1054,1174,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CHARINA</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C83EEFB499C7BFB75" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1182,1311,1171,1197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref19103" refString="Gray, J. E. 1849. Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFAF320C8438FB649DF8FA2E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFAF320C8438FB649DF8FA2E" blockId="7.[840,1441,1213,1911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C8438FB649AAAFB0E" bold="true" box="[840,974,1214,1239]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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As diagnosed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C83EEFB649C53FB0E" author="Head, J. J." box="[1182,1335,1214,1239]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref19306" refString="Head, J. J. 2015. Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 1: Serpentes, Alethinophidia, Boidae, Pythonidae. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.6 FC: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 487" type="book chapter" year="2015">Head (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFAF320C8233FB679CC4FB0F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1347,1440,1213,1238]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C8233FB679CC4FB0F" box="[1347,1440,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Charina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses a lobate neural spine that is laterally expanded similar to other Charinainae, and the pterapophyses are anteriorly directed in caudal vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C84BBFAE49D07FA8E" author="Kluge, A. G." box="[971,1123,1342,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="293 - 351" refId="ref20969" refString="Kluge, A. G. 1993. Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 107: 293 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1993. tb 00290. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Kluge, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C8302FAE79C49FA8E" author="Szyndlar, Z." box="[1138,1325,1341,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="24 - 37" refId="ref23470" refString="Szyndlar, Z. 1994. Oligocene snakes of southern Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14: 24 - 37." type="journal article" year="1994">Szyndlar, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFAF320C8233FAE79CC4FA8F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1347,1440,1341,1366]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C8233FAE79CC4FA8F" box="[1347,1440,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Charina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also exhibits a non-U-shaped zygosphene in dorsal view, a strongly concave zygosphene in anterior view, a relatively depressed neural arch, an incised posterior edge of the neural arch, and no paracotylar foramina (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C8493FA049DF6FA2E" author="Holman, J. A." box="[995,1170,1502,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFAF32038438FA249B36FE06" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFAF32038438FA249B36FE06" blockId="7.[840,1441,1213,1911]" lastBlockId="8.[192,792,166,479]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C8438FA249AA4F9CE" bold="true" box="[840,960,1534,1559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The fossils described here are similar in size and morphology to known species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFAF320C824BF9C79CFCF9EF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1339,1432,1565,1590]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C824BF9C79CFCF9EF" box="[1339,1432,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Charina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The longer neural spine, the V-shaped (dorsal), strongly concave (anterior) zygosphene, and the depressed neural arch with a relatively deeply incised posterior edge suggest that these vertebrae do not belong to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFAF320C83AFF9649C30F90E" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[1247,1364,1726,1751]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C83AFF9649C30F90E" box="[1247,1364,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lichanura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; however, it should be noted that
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C83EEF9049CC4F92E" author="Bell, C. J. & Mead, J. I." box="[1182,1440,1758,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref17771" refString="Bell, C. J. and Mead, J. I. 1996. Charina Gray, 1849 (Boidae: Erycinae) from the Pleistocene of California. Herpetological Natural History, 4: 161 - 168." year="1996">Bell and Mead (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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have observed some intraspecific variation in these characters. As in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFAF320C836FF8C49C14F8EE" author="Parmley, D. & Walker, D." box="[1055,1392,1822,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="235 - 244" refId="ref22148" refString="Parmley, D. and Walker, D. 2003. Snakes of the Pliocene Taunton local fauna of Adams County, Washington with the description of a new colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 37 (2): 235 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 0022 - 1511 (2003) 037 [0235: SOTPTL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley and Walker (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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, we instead attribute this fossil to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFAF320C8233F8E79CC4F88F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1347,1440,1853,1878]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFAF320C8233F8E79CC4F88F" box="[1347,1440,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Charina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the relative length of the neural spine, which is greater than that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038540FF7C9BC1FF66" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[560,677,166,191]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038540FF7C9BC1FF66" box="[560,677,166,191]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lichanura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the lack of juvenile characteristics despite being relatively small in size.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA0320386B0FF3C9A7CFF26" author="Parmley, D. & Walker, D." box="[448,792,230,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="235 - 244" refId="ref22148" refString="Parmley, D. and Walker, D. 2003. Snakes of the Pliocene Taunton local fauna of Adams County, Washington with the description of a new colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 37 (2): 235 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 0022 - 1511 (2003) 037 [0235: SOTPTL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley and Walker (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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have observed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320386B3FEDC9B5CFEC6" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[451,568,262,287]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA0320386B3FEDC9B5CFEC6" box="[451,568,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lichanura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of a similar size show juvenile characteristics such as a short, high overall morphology, thin neural arch, thin and highly arched zygosphene, exceptionally short neural spine, enlarged neural canal, and a condyle that appears too large for the centrum, none of which are visible in this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |