155 lines
18 KiB
XML
155 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="02DF9BAA21BAA790E444570263C7BF2A" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8389307" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1695979127173" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2023" docId="03B387DAFFA21F32FF50FF15FE758E05" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.614.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 614 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leucothrinax Lewis & Zona 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FF8AFFA2FFFF1F6FFFD8FFB9FFF9881B" masterDocTitle="A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1696265644834" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="7F924AFC3168F8DD6AF522019533581E">A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B91EAF8F70036825B94A8138B0FD5160">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1970ADA03B843D194BC84948BB697479">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FC4ECC2FACB596E7E01D7D3B9A4A42E8">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="747A2BD590EABF82C981848A024E54A4">2023-09-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="63EDE77AB18C7DB46B54483BDE23294E">614</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3C6A34B82574B575426F86F599E6CC45">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8A85F721A55DEB0C74687275921355CE" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C41A4407BC12B3EF167367ECBE145A99" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387DAFFA21F32FF50FF15FE758E05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387DAFFA21F32FF50FF15FE758E05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387DAFFA21F32FF50FF15FE758E05" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="C3006547FFA21F32FF50FF15FE9688DD" box="[136,367,172,198]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF50FF15FE9688DD" blockId="93.[136,367,172,198]" box="[136,367,172,198]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="D0ED81A0FFA21F32FF50FF15FE9688DD" bold="true" box="[136,367,172,198]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FF50FF15FE9688DD" ID-CoL="8VYWC" ID-ENA="1562385" authorityName="Lewis & Zona" authorityYear="2008" box="[136,367,172,198]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FF50FF15FE9688DD" bold="true" box="[136,367,172,198]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">LEUCOTHRINAX</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006547FFA21F32FF50FF4DFD468961" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF50FF4DFD468961" blockId="93.[136,1451,244,379]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFA21F32FF50FF4DFEEB8914" author="Read, R." box="[136,274,244,271]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref64159" refString="Read, R. (1975) The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 19: 1 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 19" type="journal article" year="1975">Read (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FE40FF4DFDA88915" baseAuthorityName="Lewis & Zona" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[408,593,244,270]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrisii">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FE40FF4DFDA88915" box="[408,593,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thrinax morrisii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a distinct species, albeit somewhat different from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FB01FF4DFACB8915" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[1241,1330,244,270]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FB01FF4DFACB8915" box="[1241,1330,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its short pedicels and distinctive abaxial leaf surface. It was not until the use of molecular data that five distinct clades were resolved in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FEE9FE85FE73894D" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[305,394,316,342]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FEE9FE85FE73894D" box="[305,394,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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unit. These clades were recognized as five genera, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FC21FE85FB77894D" authorityName="Lewis & Zona" authorityYear="2008" box="[1017,1166,316,342]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FC21FE85FB77894D" box="[1017,1166,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Leucothrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described as a new genus to accommodate
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FE9FFED8FD428961" authority="(Lewis & Zona 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Lewis & Zona" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[327,699,352,379]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrisii">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FE9FFED8FE448961" box="[327,445,353,378]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">T. morrisii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFA21F32FE14FED9FD4A8961" author="Lewis, C. & Zona, S." box="[460,691,352,379]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="84 - 88" refId="ref62808" refString="Lewis, C. & Zona, S. (2008) Leucothrinax morrisii, a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm. Palms 52: 84 - 88." type="journal article" year="2008">Lewis & Zona 2008</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006547FFA21F32FF50FE75FE758E05" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF50FE75FEDA89FD" blockId="93.[136,291,460,486]" box="[136,291,460,486]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FF50FE75FEDA89FD" bold="true" box="[136,291,460,486]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Morphology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF50FDACFCDE8A6D" blockId="93.[136,1452,532,1567]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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In the following discussion, morphology is treated in detail and several attributes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FBF9FDADFB4F8A35" authorityName="Lewis & Zona" authorityYear="2008" box="[1057,1206,532,558]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FBF9FDADFB4F8A35" box="[1057,1206,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Leucothrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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not used in delimiting species are discussed. A detailed discussion of morphology is given in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFA21F32FC43FD81FBE78A48" author="Read, R." box="[923,1054,568,595]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref64159" refString="Read, R. (1975) The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 19: 1 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 19" type="journal article" year="1975">Read (1975</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FB9FFD81FAF88A49" baseAuthorityName="Lewis & Zona" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1095,1281,568,594]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrisii">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FB9FFD81FAF88A49" box="[1095,1281,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thrinax morrisii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and a detailed generic description can be found in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFA21F32FDC1FDE5FCDA8A6D" author="Dransfield, J. & Uhl, N. & Asmussen, C. & Baker, W. & Harley, M. & Lewis, C." box="[537,803,604,630]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref61780" refString="Dransfield, J., Uhl, N., Asmussen, C., Baker, W., Harley, M. & Lewis, C. (2008) Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, U. K., 732 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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Dransfield
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FD4EFDE4FD368A6D" box="[662,719,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF65FD39FE528AF9" blockId="93.[136,1452,532,1567]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Stems are recorded as 0.5–6.0 m long and 5.0–14.0 cm diameter.Although the maximum stem height is 6.0 m, this appears an unusual record. Mean stem height is only 2.0 m, and in some populations stems are less than 1.0 m long. Stems are always solitary.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF65FD55FD518C19" blockId="93.[136,1452,532,1567]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Leaf sheaths are split at the base. Leaf sheath fibers are scored as thin (usually <
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FFA21F32FBEDFD55FB728B1C" box="[1077,1163,748,775]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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diameter), flimsy, closely woven, forming ligules at the apices. Palmans are relatively long, without prominent adaxial veins. However, there is a great range in palman length, from
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FFA21F32FDFBFC8DFD488B54" box="[547,689,820,847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.835" metricValueMax="4.95" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="cm" value="28.35" valueMax="49.5" valueMin="7.2">7.2–49.5 cm</quantity>
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, reflecting the great variability in leaf size. Middle leaf segments are relatively long and narrow without a shoulder distal to the palman, tapering gradually towards the apex, and are widest at palman apex. Segments have attenuate apices. Abaxially leaf segments are without indumentum but there are close rows of small, whitish dots between the veins on the abaxial surface, together with fewer, larger, scattered brownish or greenish scales.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFA21F32FEB9FC7DFDA08BC5" author="Tomlinson, P. & Horn, J. & Fisher, J." box="[353,601,964,990]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref65075" refString="Tomlinson, P., Horn, J. & Fisher, J. (2011) The anatomy of palms. Oxford University Press, New York, 251 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / acprof: osobl / 9780199558926.001.0001" type="book" year="2011">
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Tomlinson
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FE39FC7CFDE38BC5" box="[481,538,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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consider that these small, whitish dots were composed of wax. Transverse veinlets are present and usually quite prominent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF65FBB5FF188D71" blockId="93.[136,1452,532,1567]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Inflorescences are scored as erect, at least initially, amongst or above the leaves, with 8–18 partial inflorescences. This number of partial inflorescences is higher than seen in most other members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FB9EFB89FB668C51" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[1094,1183,1072,1098]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FB9EFB89FB668C51" box="[1094,1183,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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unit, and inflorescences are considerably longer. Inflorescences are usually branched to two orders, rarely some specimens have inflorescences branched to three orders (
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FE76FBC0FD868C89" box="[430,639,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">e.g. Correll 45292</emphasis>
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). Rachis bracts are tubular, closely sheathing, membranous, and brown tomentose. Rachises of partial inflorescences are flattened in cross-section and rachillae are unevenly spaced, some in groups. Rachillae are glabrous at or near anthesis. Pedicels are relatively short and are subtended by obscure bracteoles, but the pedicels are so short that the bracteoles appear to directly subtend the flowers. Flowers in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FB33FB5DFA798CE5" authorityName="Lewis & Zona" authorityYear="2008" box="[1259,1408,1252,1278]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FB33FB5DFA798CE5" box="[1259,1408,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Leucothrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are spirally arranged along the rachillae. Perianths are shallow, six-lobed cupules. There are six, elongate stamens that spread irregularly at anthesis. The filaments are connate below and the anthers are latrorse and are often coiled and twisted.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF65FACDFB1B8DA9" blockId="93.[136,1452,532,1567]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Fruits of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FEFEFACDFE428D95" authorityName="Lewis & Zona" authorityYear="2008" box="[294,443,1396,1422]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FEFEFACDFE428D95" box="[294,443,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Leucothrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are amongst the smallest in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FCF4FACDFC7C8D95" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[812,901,1396,1422]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FCF4FACDFC7C8D95" box="[812,901,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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unit, and fruit length is recorded as
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FFA21F32FAFCFACDFA558D94" box="[1316,1452,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="4.7" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="3.7">3.7–5.7 mm</quantity>
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and diameter as
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FFA21F32FEE7FA21FE308DA8" box="[319,457,1432,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="4.65" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5.8 mm</quantity>
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. Fruits are white and the surfaces are smooth or with short projections.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFA21F32FF65FA05FE758E05" blockId="93.[136,1452,532,1567]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Seeds have smooth surfaces. As seen in longitudinal section, they are intruded by the hilum from base to about half way, as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFA21F32FEEAFA59FE398DE1" box="[306,448,1504,1530]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Hemithrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFA21F32FEEAFA59FE398DE1" box="[306,448,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Hemithrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Rarely the intrusion is from the base to the apex. Seed surfaces are smooth and embryos are subapical to lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |