341 lines
43 KiB
XML
341 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="E8918DB50575BCA5A4CB7986359D74AC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13620702" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620702" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723143726709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Geraads, Denis, Kaya, Tanju & Mayda, Serdar" docDate="2005" docId="039787DCFFE2981EBB55111E2580FE32" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.50.3.523-544.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Hippopotamodon antiquus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="FFAEFFA4FFE99813BB33172D2535FF93" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="534" updateTime="1725043087151" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FFD67C14A04C7B584CFBD1C02B07B071" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EC987E27434A926BE9E8BEA3481490DC">
|
||
<mods:title id="65802CB70A37C481B6AA27E7D0675F14">Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6B8F2149B19964D779677B8A73BF6FF9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3FDF07C0A438F46D3D2B14DBAC9AA684">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F7375CD7F866C8EE3AA85A8A38A194F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2DA134ABB79012C1232019BEEB764DB3">Geraads, Denis</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B07BC3F5D8E028C85920B73CCEC55A64" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="91AB6DAEEDEA79BCC2D40B283CC01C27">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FAF1C62A9EACE42FC9FB1EF464630E46">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="447F53F7B85E7F9CCDE89070711F00F8">Kaya, Tanju</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4658D60DC0D91211C403102861DD678A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="98167E0EB692875B03B74C6E756A426D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7719DCAEE373BFC242CD9DC9F4AE02E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5748357C6F05F5BB978AF4AA0D680324">Mayda, Serdar</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B6D48EACAAC2CB18EE2CDB8E622CD38E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A9B91896E97AC7ABBF87DC07EEEAA9D3" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B5E578031123B455FEE33839E33FB55C">
|
||
<mods:title id="0540158AFC86C6FD2567B5DD1E4DF89B">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="A6FAD38A308F04E9F99E2AC809ED8C8D">
|
||
<mods:date id="95E073915F499A7131F59689AD5DE0F4">2005</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7DA18328B0BD28095931D7A3F1D7A0F5" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C537DF66D0402E156C48766F3DA26122">50</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="38E4BDBE4AEDD212811492B4BC91211B" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="CA7CAFE2E24730F465C8BC73E708F84A">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="42E147C0145753CD912B637F1AE3FA76" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="6BF8D7D740B2A521EBF494E263F57E16">523</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2E6D4B8A803C7679F3CFF020E3E873B9">544</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="5B0F3A177B9ABF1178EC19D4A3BA6AE7">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5BB3265F4AA0BDB7BF187449FB1B3637" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13620702</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D3BE54B1AD3C91471BC191FD2470DDA7" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4CE1BF26BC9C2C3C426EA930063CB356" type="Zenodo-Dep">13620702</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039787DCFFE2981EBB55111E2580FE32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787DCFFE2981EBB55111E2580FE32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787DCFFE2981EBB55111E2580FE32" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246541FFE29818BB55111E275BF9DC" box="[102,622,1587,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818BB55111E275BF9DC" blockId="11.[102,622,1587,1615]" box="[102,622,1587,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<heading id="D0C981A6FFE29818BB55111E275BF9DC" box="[102,622,1587,1615]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" reason="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE29818BB55111E275BF9DC" authority="(Kaup, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[102,622,1587,1615]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818BB55111E2489F9DC" box="[102,444,1587,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Hippopotamodon antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE29818BAFE111E2753F9DC" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[461,614,1587,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refId="ref17905" refString="Kaup, J. J. 1832. Description d'ossements fossiles de mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a present qui se trouvent au Museum grand ducal de Darmstadt. 119 pp. Meyer, Darmstadt." type="book" year="1832">Kaup, 1832</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246541FFE2981EBB55114E2580FE32" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818BB55114E27CAF94F" blockId="11.[102,775,1635,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818BB55114E2456F9E8" box="[102,355,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Material from Yulafl
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818BA68114E2456F9E8" bold="true" box="[347,355,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">I</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—TTMEU−CY−45, symphysis with i1–i2 on both sides, bases of canines and right p1 (Fig. 10J); TTMEU−CY−49, right mandibular ramus with root of canine, and p3–m2 (Fig. 10K). Measurements are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC0371FFE29818B99011EE27CEF94F" box="[675,763,1731,1756]" captionStart="Table4" captionStartId="11.[812,867,1825,1846]" captionText="Table4.MeasurementsofHippopotamodon teethfromYulafll, inmm." pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818BB5511DC25EAF8DA" blockId="11.[102,775,1776,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818BB5511DC25DFF89B" box="[102,234,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.—A slight overlap in the preserved parts of the dentaries show that the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD43FFE29818BA58103D2725F8BA" box="[363,528,1808,1833]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are not from the same individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF416642FFE29818B81F100C20F6F8A5" box="[812,1475,1824,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" startId="11.[812,867,1825,1846]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818B81F100C20F6F8A5" blockId="11.[812,1475,1824,1846]" box="[812,1475,1824,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Table 4. Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE29818BF11100C21FFF8A5" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1877" box="[1058,1226,1825,1846]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818BF11100C21FFF8A5" box="[1058,1226,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Hippopotamodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth from Yulafll, in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818BBBF107C2074FCCF" blockId="11.[102,775,1776,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[812,1486,803,1788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Although the posterior border of TTMEU−CY−45 is missing, it is clear that the symphysis was short and stout. The incisors are inserted along a rather shallow arch, the line joining the alveoli of i1 and i3 being inclined at about 50
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818B98B109C27F6F857" box="[696,707,1969,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">°</emphasis>
|
||
in respect to the sagittal line. There is a minute diastema between i3 and the canine, itself separated from p1, which is present on the right side only, by a very short diastema.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818B861144E2170FBCF" blockId="11.[812,1486,803,1788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">The incisors are robust but quite short, although they are only slightly worn, at their tips and along the lingual (dorsal) ridge of i1. The i2 is much broader than i1, and its flange, laterally offset, overlaps the labial face. The third incisor is missing on both sides, but was intermediate in diameters between i1 and i2. The length and relative position of the incisors, as well as the lack of diastemata, clearly point to a suid with a shortened muzzle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818B861134E2053FA8F" blockId="11.[812,1486,803,1788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">The canine, rather vertically inserted, is imperfectly preserved, but it has an oval cross−section and a clear demarcation between crown and root. The latter, not being visible at the break just behind p1, must have been quite short, in sharp contrast to that of the other specimen (TTMEU−CY−49), and TTMEU−CY−45 is likely from a female individual.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818B861120E2167FA08" blockId="11.[812,1486,803,1788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">The p1 is small but not vestigial (Fig. 10J). It is strongly compressed transversally, with a main tubercle, plus an anterior cuspid and several small ones along the main cristid. There are two fused roots.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818B861128E2046F96F" blockId="11.[812,1486,803,1788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B563C97FFE29818B861128E205AF96F" collectionCode="TTMEU-" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" specimenCount="1">
|
||
TTMEU−CY−49: this specimen is broken in front of p2. Posteriorly, the symphysis reached at least the level of p3, and perhaps even that of p4. Although there is no direct evidence of it, the shape of the dentaries TTMEU−CY−45 +
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0FFFE29818BE56112920FBF988" box="[1381,1486,1540,1563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">TTMEU−</collectionCode>
|
||
CY−49 suggests that the diastema between p1 and p2 was short. The canine, of which a part is preserved inside the bone, is much larger than that of TTMEU−CY−45, and therefore likely from a male individual. The cross−section is of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE29818BEBB11A9265CF928" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
−
|
||
<typeStatus id="54858868FFE29818B84411892690F92F" box="[887,933,1700,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, with the following approximate widths (in mm) of the three sides: lingual = 20; antero−labial = 15; postero−labial = 15. The former two sides are covered with enamel
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE29818BF7F107820F6F848" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<table id="F93EC46AFFE267ECB807107820F6F848" box="[820,1475,1877,2011]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<tr id="350E3488FFE267ECB807107820F6F8F9" box="[820,1475,1877,1898]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF1A1078203EF8F9" box="[1065,1291,1877,1898]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">TTMEU−CY−45</th>
|
||
<th id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE2D107820F6F8F9" box="[1310,1475,1877,1898]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">TTMEU−CY−49</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E3488FFE267ECB807105620F6F803" box="[820,1475,1915,1936]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF1A10562166F803" box="[1065,1107,1915,1936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">i1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF55105621A5F803" box="[1126,1168,1915,1936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">i2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF9E105621F0F803" box="[1197,1221,1915,1936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">c</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBFD21056203EF803" box="[1249,1291,1915,1936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">p1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE2D1056207DF803" box="[1310,1352,1915,1936]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">p3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE68105620B0F803" box="[1371,1413,1915,1936]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">p4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBEAA105620F6F803" box="[1433,1475,1915,1936]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">m2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E3488FFE267ECB807108D20F6F826" box="[820,1475,1952,1973]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<th id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECB807108D213BF826" box="[820,1038,1952,1973]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">mesio−distal diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF1A108D2166F826" box="[1065,1107,1952,1973]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF55108D21A5F826" box="[1126,1168,1952,1973]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">17</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF9E108D21F0F826" box="[1197,1221,1952,1973]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBFD2108D203EF826" box="[1249,1291,1952,1973]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">15.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE2D108D207DF826" box="[1310,1352,1952,1973]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">23.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE68108D20B0F826" box="[1371,1413,1952,1973]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">22.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBEAA108D20F6F826" box="[1433,1475,1952,1973]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E3488FFE267ECB80710EB20F6F848" box="[820,1475,1990,2011]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<th id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECB80710EB213BF848" box="[820,1038,1990,2011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">dorso−ventral diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF1A10EB2166F848" box="[1065,1107,1990,2011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">15.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF5510EB21A5F848" box="[1126,1168,1990,2011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBF9E10EB21F0F848" box="[1197,1221,1990,2011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBFD210EB203EF848" box="[1249,1291,1990,2011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE2D10EB207DF848" box="[1310,1352,1990,2011]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">13.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBE6810EB20B0F848" box="[1371,1413,1990,2011]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">16.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5DF4FFE267ECBEAA10EB20F6F848" box="[1433,1475,1990,2011]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">22.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FBBBF17C52632FB5B" blockId="12.[102,775,232,1417]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
Only the posterior root of p2 is preserved; all that can be said is that this tooth was rather large. The other cheek−teeth are in medium wear, except m1, which is in late wear. The p3 is a large and robust tooth, being even slightly longer than p4. Its morphology is simple, without any evidence of division of the main cuspid, which is inflated, especially labially; the talonid is expanded disto−labially into a strong vertical buttress. In lateral view; the steep slope of the anterior wear facet shows that the anterior accessory cusp was low, but it is also buttressed on both the lingual and labial sides. The p4 is stout and broad. As on p3, the anterior accessory cuspid is broadened.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBB55155D25CEFD1B" box="[102,251,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.—The most common suid of the Mediterranean late Miocene is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBA6815BC24D2FD3B" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1926" box="[347,487,657,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBA6815BC24D2FD3B" box="[347,487,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Microstonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose systematics have long been debated. In the Turolian, in spite of the wealth of the material, recent reviews (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FBAF415FD2634FD7A" author="Bonis, L. & Bouvrain, G." box="[455,769,720,745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="107 - 132" refId="ref16256" refString="Bonis, L. and Bouvrain, G. 1996. Suidae du Miocene superieur de Grece. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 4 e ser. 18: 107 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1996">Bonis and Bouvrain 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FBB5515DD245EFC9A" author="Kostopoulos, D. & Spassov, N. & Kovachev, D." box="[102,363,752,777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="411 - 437" refId="ref18038" refString="Kostopoulos, D., Spassov, N., and Kovachev, D. 2001. Contribution to the study of Microstonyx: evidence from Bulgaria and the SE European populations. Geodiversitas 23: 411 - 437." type="journal article" year="2001">Kostopoulos et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have highlighted the difficulty to recognise two or more taxonomic entities. The variation range of the Pikermi m3s encompasses those of most of the other samples, except some Greek ones (Vathylakkos, Kerassia, Perivolaki), and no clear metric trend through time is evident. Therefore, we will include all of them in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB94914BC259CFC5B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB94914BC259CFC5B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Microstonyx major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species differs from the one present at Yulafli by a number of features: – the anterior part of the dentary is much more elongated so that, even though the symphysis is much longer, it does not reach farther posteriorly than the level of p2, and usually remains more anterior. The i3 is more posterior relative to i1–i2; there is a diastema between i3 and the canine, and a very long one between the latter and p2. – i1 and i2 are much longer, adding to the long slender as−
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FBBB113FC276BFA1A" blockId="12.[102,775,232,1417]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
pect of the symphysial area, which much contrasts with that of the Yulafli specimen. This difference has also been mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FBA13123D2481FABA" author="Made, J. van der" box="[288,436,1296,1321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="308 - 328" refId="ref18289" refString="Made, J. van der. 2003. Suoidea (Artiodactyla). In: M. Fortelius, J. Kappelman, S. Sen, and R. L. Bernor (eds.), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey, 308 - 328. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book chapter" year="2003">Made (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The i2 is not so broad relative to i1. – the canine is much smaller (it may even be missing), the difference being more marked in the male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB81F17C4210DFE92" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" box="[812,1080,232,257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">– p1 is always missing.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB81F162126EAFEB7" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" box="[812,991,267,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">– p2 is smaller.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB81F160320F8FED4" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" box="[812,1485,302,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">– the premolars are smaller, and p3 is shorter relative to p4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB87B16622680FE1B" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFE5981FB86216622690FEFB" box="[849,933,335,360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[102,137,1976,1996]" captionTargetBox="[102,776,1479,1933]" captionTargetId="graphics-925@12.[153,771,1487,1879]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.12. Length vs. width plot of p3s and p4s in Hippopotamodon antiquus and Microstonyx major." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620722/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), but its anterior accessory cuspid is higher and narrower.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB81F16B920F8FE5E" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">– p4 is narrower, especially anteriorly, although some specimens approach the condition seen at Yulafli. This tooth,</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB87B16FB20F8FE7C" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" box="[840,1485,470,495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
which is rather variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBF4616FA21E8FE7D" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1141,1245,471,494]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBF4616FA21E8FE7D" box="[1141,1245,471,494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">M. major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in the de−
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB87B16DA21E3FDA2" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">velopment of the “Innenhügel” does not significantly differ in other morphological features.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FB86115162049F9B1" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
Therefore, the Yulafli suid cannot be referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE4815112678FDE0" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE4815112678FDE0" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">M. major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is much closer to the earlier species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE3315712055FDE0" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1280,1376,604,627]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE3315712055FDE0" box="[1280,1376,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, often included in the same genus, or in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBFBC155120FDFD06" authority="Lydekker" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1877" box="[1167,1480,636,661]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBFBC15512066FD07" box="[1167,1363,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Hippopotamodon</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB85B15B0215FFD26" authority="Ginsburg" authorityName="Ginsburg" authorityYear="1988" box="[872,1130,668,693]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Limnostonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB85B15B026C2FD27" box="[872,1015,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Limnostonyx</emphasis>
|
||
Ginsburg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which it is the type−species. Following most recent authors, we will regard both latter generic names as synonymous, and include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE1615F320B0FD66" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1317,1413,734,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE1615F320B0FD66" box="[1317,1413,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in it.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FB81F15D3216BFC84" author="Bonis, L. & Bouvrain, G." box="[812,1118,766,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="107 - 132" refId="ref16256" refString="Bonis, L. and Bouvrain, G. 1996. Suidae du Miocene superieur de Grece. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 4 e ser. 18: 107 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1996">Bonis and Bouvrain (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a clear account of this species, and we will follow their conclusions here. Besides the type locality, Eppelsheim, well−documented reports of this species are from Montredon in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFE5981FBFBD144D21EFFCE4" box="[1166,1242,864,887]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FBFDA147220A1FCEB" author="Ginsburg, L." box="[1257,1428,863,888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref17337" refString="Ginsburg, L. 1988. Contribution a l'etude du gisement miocene superieur de Montredon (Herault). 4: Les Artiodactyles Suidae. Palaeovertebrata, Memoire extraordinaire 1988: 57 - 64." type="journal article" year="1988">Ginsburg 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and perhaps from Sophades in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFE5981FBF6A1452219DFC0B" box="[1113,1192,895,920]" name="Greece" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FBF8414522061FC0B" author="Thenius, E." box="[1207,1364,895,920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="199 - 206" refId="ref20139" refString="Thenius, E. 1955. Sus antiquus aus Ligniten von Sophades (Thessalien) und die Altersstellung der Fundschichten. Annales Geologiques des Pays Helleniques 6: 199 - 206." type="journal article" year="1955">Thenius 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) although, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FB89E148D2188FC2A" author="Kostopoulos, D. & Spassov, N. & Kovachev, D." box="[941,1213,928,953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="411 - 437" refId="ref18038" refString="Kostopoulos, D., Spassov, N., and Kovachev, D. 2001. Contribution to the study of Microstonyx: evidence from Bulgaria and the SE European populations. Geodiversitas 23: 411 - 437." type="journal article" year="2001">Kostopoulos et al (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the teeth from Sophades are small.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FB89514ED21D4FC4A" author="Bonis, L. & Bouvrain, G." box="[934,1249,960,985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="107 - 132" refId="ref16256" refString="Bonis, L. and Bouvrain, G. 1996. Suidae du Miocene superieur de Grece. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 4 e ser. 18: 107 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1996">Bonis and Bouvrain (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also referred to this species some teeth from Akkirma, a site of unknown age near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF828FFE5981FB81F132C26B4FB89" box="[812,897,1025,1050]" country="Turkey" name="Ankara" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Ankara</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the anteriorly broadened premolars described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FB81F130F26D2FBA8" author="Senyurek, M." box="[812,999,1058,1083]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="449 - 492" refId="ref19407" refString="Senyurek, M. 1952. A study of the Pontian fauna of Gokdere (Elmadagi), South-East of Ankara. Belleten 16: 449 - 492." type="journal article" year="1952">Senyürek (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
support this identification. Further material of this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFE5981FB8D9136F210EFBC8" box="[1002,1083,1090,1115]" name="Turkey" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
includes a dentary
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0FFFE5981FBE22136F2069FBC8" box="[1297,1372,1090,1115]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">MTA−</collectionCode>
|
||
2388 from Bayraktepe, and a dentary
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0FFFE5981FBF67134E2195FBEF" box="[1108,1184,1123,1148]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">MTA−</collectionCode>
|
||
1964 from “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF828FFE5981FBE12134E2054FBEF" box="[1313,1377,1123,1148]" country="Turkey" name="Usak" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Uşak</collectingRegion>
|
||
”. The latter locality is very imprecise but, as this dentary is very different from those of Kemiklitepe, one of the main sites close to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF828FFE5981FB87913E926B3FB4E" box="[842,902,1220,1245]" country="Turkey" name="Usak" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Uşak</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Akçaköy is a more likely provenance. A few more specimens come from Sinap Tepe, near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF828FFE5981FBFDF13C82077FB6D" box="[1260,1346,1253,1278]" country="Turkey" name="Ankara" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Ankara</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0FFFE5981FBE7E13C820ACFB6D" box="[1357,1433,1253,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">MTA−</collectionCode>
|
||
1955 (or 1953) displays the lower incisors, set in a shallow arch, and without any diastema between them and the canines, which are large. In the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0FFFE5981FBF18126A21A6FACD" box="[1067,1171,1351,1374]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">MNHNP</collectionCode>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54858868FFE5981FBFF5126B201DFACC" box="[1222,1320,1350,1375]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE7F126B21A7FAEC" authority="Ozansoy, 1965" authorityName="Ozansoy" authorityYear="1965" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Dicoryphochoerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meteai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE7F126B26EFFAEC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Dicoryphochoerus meteai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FB8D0124B21A7FAEC" author="Ozansoy, F." box="[995,1170,1382,1407]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref18739" refString="Ozansoy, F. 1965. Etude des gisements continentaux et des mammiferes du Cenozoique de Turquie. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France 102: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1965">Ozansoy, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Yassiören, is a complete right dentary. The i2 is much larger than i1; there are only very short diastemata between i3 and the canine, and between p2 and p1, which is long and bi−rooted. The p3 is long, and p4 is broad. All these specimens, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE6C12C420F3F993" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1375,1478,1513,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE6C12C420F3F993" box="[1375,1478,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">M. major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, share the features observed in the Yulafli specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981EB86111062799FEB2" blockId="12.[812,1485,232,2026]" lastBlockId="13.[102,775,232,417]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
These differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBFA611002028F9D0" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1173,1309,1580,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBFA611002028F9D0" box="[1173,1309,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">H. antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the Yulafli suid) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB8DE11602166F9F7" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1005,1107,1613,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB8DE11602166F9F7" box="[1005,1107,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">M. major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
far exceed those between any two Turolian samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBF2B11402191F917" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1926" box="[1048,1188,1645,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBF2B11402191F917" box="[1048,1188,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Microstonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Even if there is only one species of this genus in the Turolian, we find it difficult to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB85C118326FAF956" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[879,975,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB85C118326FAF956" box="[879,975,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same genus, as the differences between the two species would be far greater than between two living suid species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBF3D11C321BCF895" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1038,1161,1774,1798]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Sus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scrofa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBF3D11C321BCF895" box="[1038,1161,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Sus scrofa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBFA211C3202DF895" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1838" box="[1169,1304,1774,1798]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Sus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBFA211C3202DF895" box="[1169,1304,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">S. barbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE1F11C32698F8B4" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Phacochoerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiopicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE1F11C32698F8B4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Phacochoerus aethiopicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB886103D2176F8B4" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[949,1091,1807,1831]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Phacochoerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB886103D2176F8B4" box="[949,1091,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">P. africanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and we prefer to use
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBE52103D26BBF8D4" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBE52103D26BBF8D4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Hippopotamodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, pending detailed phyletic analysis, there is no evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB8C7107C214FF8FB" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1012,1146,1873,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB8C7107C214FF8FB" box="[1012,1146,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">H. antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBF84107C2016F8FB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1207,1315,1873,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBF84107C2016F8FB" box="[1207,1315,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">M. major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a monophyletic group. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFE5981FBFA6105C20F8F81A" author="Bernor, R. L. & Fessaha, N." box="[1173,1485,1904,1929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" pagination="83 - 92" refId="ref15885" refString="Bernor, R. L. and Fessaha, N. 2000. Evolution of Late Miocene Hungarian Suinae (Artiodactyla, Suidae). Carolinea 58: 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="2000">Bernor and Fessaha (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that “There is little data supporting its [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBFDA10BF2040F83A" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1926" box="[1257,1397,1938,1961]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBFDA10BF2040F83A" box="[1257,1397,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Microstonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] transition in MN10 from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBF2A109C207DF85A" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1049,1352,1969,1993]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FBF2A109C207DF85A" box="[1049,1352,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Hippopotamodon antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”. In sharp contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB89E10FF212DF879" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1913" box="[941,1048,2002,2026]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Indarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB89E10FF212DF879" box="[941,1048,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Indarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for instance, no intermediate form is known, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE4981EBBC217C42448FE93" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1926" box="[241,381,233,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE4981EBBC217C42448FE93" box="[241,381,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Microstonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more likely to be a Turolian immigrant into Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF416642FFE5981FBB5510952475F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620722/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" startId="12.[102,137,1976,1996]" targetBox="[102,776,1479,1933]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE5981FBB5510952475F874" blockId="12.[102,775,1976,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
Fig.12. Length vs. width plot of p3s and p4s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FB92710952632F858" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[532,775,1976,1996]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE5981FB92710952632F858" box="[532,775,1976,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Hippopotamodon antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE5981FBBBF10F82409F874" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[140,316,2005,2023]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Microstonyx major</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFE4981EBBBF16042580FE32" blockId="13.[102,775,232,417]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
In any case, there is a clear chronological distinction between both genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE4981EBA43166424C9FEF3" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1926" box="[368,508,329,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Microstonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE4981EBA43166424C9FEF3" box="[368,508,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Microstonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being known only in Turolian−equivalent sites, while all sites with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFE4981EB96E164427EBFE13" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[605,734,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Hippopotamodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFE4981EB96E164427EBFE13" box="[605,734,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">H. antiquus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are earlier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |