4801 lines
812 KiB
XML
4801 lines
812 KiB
XML
<document id="E55A5015ED5E24BE372D9A364F532490" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4756.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d48d52e-6505-4f62-909f-5da5c2cfb489" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736895" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FF62616-A7FA-4331-AC51-0F534400631D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585767638433" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kluge, Nikita J." docDate="2020" docId="039787A6FF9984708CFBFD77DBFAF85A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4756.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4756 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thraulodes Ulmer 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFAEFFDEFF9D84648C6CFFE6DB3EFFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698734461607" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="84EDFFE1A03D9F390B7DFABD6E23FEE1">Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="064D63BCFB067F3D8D114C8E1706DF33" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="41E1A14245ECC4845A7852393ACBBC92">Kluge, Nikita J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BA464B149949E359D7073B87C7DD5F82">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B5EF2A32E51A87B808C0AB10FAE03134">
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<mods:date id="02ADA69D289C6D6E54D362C9E61004FB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5EDC0364E3E3E80302999F120106968C">2020-03-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="92430A2FF9046C274A1BA810C8537CBC">4756</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5FC99B184A8AF4AFE3B576CFF6AF1183" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4756.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039787A6FF9984708CFBFD77DBFAF85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3811761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163420765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3811761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FF9984708CFBFD77DBFAF85A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787A6FF9984708CFBFD77DBFAF85A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9984608CFBFD77D979FD0E" box="[151,583,657,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CFBFD77D979FD0E" blockId="4.[151,583,657,684]" box="[151,583,657,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0C981DCFF9984608CFBFD77D979FD0E" box="[151,583,657,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608CFBFD77D979FD0E" bold="true" box="[151,583,657,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Species composition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608DD4FD74D979FD0E" ID-CoL="648C7" ID-ENA="309571" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[440,583,658,684]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thraulodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9984618CFBFD35DA38FC21" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CFBFD35DF38FC97" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608D59FD35DA8BFD4F" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[309,437,723,749]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608D59FD35DA8BFD4F" box="[309,437,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed in new New World only, being limited by the southern part of North America, Central America (except Antilles) and South America (except Patagonia).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F92FD11DE1BFCB0" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1022,1317,759,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a larva from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF9984608D17FCFDDA84FC97" box="[379,442,795,821]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which they determined as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608F13FCFDD8C1FC97" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[895,1023,795,821]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608F13FCFDD8C1FC97" box="[895,1023,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABFCD9DFEAFC4B" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608DCDFCD9D820FCFB" authority="Dubey 1970" authorityName="Dubey" authorityYear="1970" box="[417,798,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marhieus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608DCDFCD9D9B1FCFB" box="[417,655,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes marhieus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608EF9FCD9D820FCFB" author="Dubey, O. P." box="[661,798,831,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref69299" refString="Dubey, O. P. (1970) Torrenticole insects of the Himalaya. III. Descriptions of two new species of Ephemerida from the Northwest Himalaya. Oriental Insects, 4 (3), 299 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1970.10433966" type="journal article" year="1970">Dubey 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as female imago from Himalayas; judging by the words «The new species differs from the other Palaearctic species ...» the author confused the New World genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608CB2FC61DA60FC03" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[222,350,903,929]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608CB2FC61DA60FC03" box="[222,350,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with something other; judging by confusion of vestigial paracercus with ovipositor, he was not familiar with insect morphology.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608D9EFC4DD878FC67" author="Hubbard, M. D. & Peters, W. L." box="[498,838,938,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref70211" refString="Hubbard, M. D. & Peters, W. L. (1978) A catalogue of the Ephemeroptera of the Indian Subregion. Oriental Insects, Supplement 9, 1 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1978.11745231" type="journal article" year="1978">Hubbard and Peters (1978: 25)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that «this species is in all probability misplaced at the generic level»;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608DE4FC29D9B1FC4B" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[392,655,975,1001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge (2004: 208–209)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed it to Radulapalpata, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608F9DFC29DFADFC4B" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1901" box="[1009,1171,975,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heptageniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABFC15D919FBDB" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608D3EFC12D9EBFBAF" authority="Blanchard in Gay 1851" authorityName="Blanchard in Gay" authorityYear="1851" box="[338,725,1010,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608D3EFC12DAF4FBAF" box="[338,458,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vitripennis</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard in Gay 1851
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E8AFC15D867FBAF" box="[742,857,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E8AFC15D867FBAF" box="[742,857,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608F1CFC15DF45FBAF" authority="Walker 1853" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1853" box="[880,1147,1010,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608F1CFC15D8DBFBAF" box="[880,997,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">colombiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F87FC15DF45FBAF" author="Walker, F." box="[1003,1147,1010,1037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="533 - 585" refId="ref72737" refString="Walker, F. (1853) Ephemerinae. List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, Part III (Termitidae-Ephemeridae), 533 - 585." type="book chapter" year="1853">Walker 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF99846088E7FC15DFC0FBAF" box="[1163,1278,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF99846088E7FC15DFC0FBAF" box="[1163,1278,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF998460897AFC12DBC5FB93" authority="Eaton 1892" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Choroterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nervosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF998460897AFC12DE51FBAF" box="[1302,1391,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nervosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608919FC15DBC5FB93" author="Eaton, A. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref69464" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1892) Ephemeridae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Neuroptera, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1892">Eaton 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608D60FBF1DAA9FB93" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[268,407,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Choroterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608D60FBF1DAA9FB93" box="[268,407,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Choroterpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608DC3FBF1D982FB93" authority="Navas 1934" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1934" box="[431,700,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608DC3FBF1D911FB93" box="[431,559,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">subfasciata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608E5AFBF1D982FB93" author="Navas, L." box="[566,700,1047,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="155 - 184" refId="ref71586" refString="Navas, L. (1934) Insectos suramericanos. Novena [IX] serie. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 31, 155 - 184." type="journal article" year="1934">Navás 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608EA1FBF1D873FB93" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[717,845,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608EA1FBF1D873FB93" box="[717,845,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608F09FBF1DF5DFB93" authority="Navas 1935" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1935" box="[869,1123,1046,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608F09FBF1D8EBFB93" box="[869,981,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608FB1FBF1DF5DFB93" author="Navas, L." box="[989,1123,1046,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="97 - 107" refId="ref71622" refString="Navas, L. (1935) Decadas de insectos nuevos. Decada 27. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 4 [= 31] (3), 97 - 107." type="journal article" year="1935">Navás 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608818FBF1DFCAFB93" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1140,1268,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608818FBF1DFCAFB93" box="[1140,1268,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608950FBF1DA23FBF7" authority="Navas 1936" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608950FBF1DEA2FB93" box="[1340,1436,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608CFBFBDDDA23FBF7" author="Navas, L." box="[151,285,1083,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="721 - 734" refId="ref71656" refString="Navas, L. (1936) Insectos del Brasil. 5 ª Serie. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 721 - 734." type="journal article" year="1936">Navás 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608D41FBDDDA93FBF7" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[301,429,1083,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608D41FBDDDA93FBF7" box="[301,429,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] have unclear systematic position within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608FEEFBDDDF06FBF7" box="[898,1080,1083,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and should be treated as Atalophlebolinguata INCERTAE SEDIS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABFB65D95FFA8C" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E34FB65DF69FB3F" authority="Blanchard in Gay 1851" authorityName="Blanchard in Gay" authorityYear="1851" box="[600,1111,1154,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E34FB65D875FB3F" box="[600,843,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ephemera vitripennis</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard in Gay 1851
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF99846088F1FB65DFE4FB3F" box="[1181,1242,1155,1181]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
was attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608CFBFB41DA29FB63" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,279,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608CFBFB41DA29FB63" box="[151,279,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608D28FB41DADFFB63" author="Ulmer, G." box="[324,481,1191,1217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref72644" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, (A), 85 (11), 1 - 80. [1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species is know as poorly preserved male subimago, which cannot be reliably determined, and its placement to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E65FB2DD9B7FB47" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[521,649,1227,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E65FB2DD9B7FB47" box="[521,649,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably wrong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F04FB2DDFBCFB47" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[872,1154,1227,1253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF99846088E0FB2DDEAFFB44" author="Dominguez, E. & Molineri, C. & Pescador, M. L. & Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C." box="[1164,1425,1227,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref69248" refString="Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Dominguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF998460897AFB2ADE79FB47" box="[1302,1351,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most probably,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608D21FB16DAFBFAAB" authorityName="Blanchard in Gay" authorityYear="1851" box="[333,453,1264,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608D21FB16DAFBFAAB" box="[333,453,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vitripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608DB4FB09D975FAAB" box="[472,587,1263,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608DB4FB09D975FAAB" box="[472,587,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ephemera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] belongs to one of Chilean leptophlebiid genera, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF99846088BFFB09DE6DFAAB" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1235,1363,1263,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF99846088BFFB09DE6DFAAB" box="[1235,1363,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not ordinary for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF9984608D49FAF5DA5CFA8F" box="[293,354,1299,1325]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(if occurs there at all).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABFAD1D916FA43" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E35FAD1D8E1FAF3" authority="Walker 1853" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1853" box="[601,991,1334,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E35FAD1D877FAF3" box="[601,841,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ephemera colombiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F23FAD1D8E1FAF3" author="Walker, F." box="[847,991,1334,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="533 - 585" refId="ref72737" refString="Walker, F. (1853) Ephemerinae. List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, Part III (Termitidae-Ephemeridae), 533 - 585." type="book chapter" year="1853">Walker 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF99846088C6FAD1DE14FAF3" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1194,1322,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF99846088C6FAD1DE14FAF3" box="[1194,1322,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608939FAD1DBDCFAD7" author="Ulmer, G." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref72644" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, (A), 85 (11), 1 - 80. [1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is recently placed to this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608EF6FABDD881FAD7" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[666,959,1371,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608FA1FABDDFE3FAD4" author="Dominguez, E. & Molineri, C. & Pescador, M. L. & Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C." box="[973,1245,1371,1398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref69248" refString="Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Dominguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608836FABADFB1FAD7" box="[1114,1167,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is known as female subimago only and has no characters of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608F44FA99D8A3FA3B" box="[808,925,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulode</emphasis>
|
||
s: in contrast to all known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF99846088A0FA99DE72FA3B" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1228,1356,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF99846088A0FA99DE72FA3B" box="[1228,1356,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, costal angulation of hind wing is located «about 2/3 of distance from base to apex»; in contrast to nearly all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608CFBFA21DA29FA43" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,279,1479,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608CFBFA21DA29FA43" box="[151,279,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, femora are not banded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABFA0DDE16F9EF" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E37FA0DD8F1F9A7" authority="Eaton 1892" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1892" box="[603,975,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Choroterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nervosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E37FA0DD878F9A7" box="[603,838,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Choroterpes nervosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F22FA0DD8F1F9A7" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[846,975,1515,1541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref69464" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1892) Ephemeridae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Neuroptera, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1892">Eaton 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known as female only. Its MP of hind wing is not forked (Eaton 1982: fig. 6a), so it is unclear, why
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F29F9E9D8E0F98B" author="Ulmer, G." box="[837,990,1551,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref72644" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, (A), 85 (11), 1 - 80. [1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF998460880BF9E9DFD9F98B" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1127,1255,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF998460880BF9E9DFD9F98B" box="[1127,1255,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608898F9E9DA0DF9EC" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assumed that «it comes closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608EC1F9D5D8ABF9EF" authority="Edmunds" authorityName="Edmunds" authorityYear="1948" box="[685,917,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Traverella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608EC1F9D5D81FF9EF" box="[685,801,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Traverella</emphasis>
|
||
Edmunds
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
», i.e. belongs to Hermanellognatha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABF9B1DE33F8A3" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Two species originally named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E7CF9B1D8A8F9D3" authority="Navas 1934" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1934" box="[528,918,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E7CF9B1D82EF9D3" box="[528,784,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes subfasciata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F79F9B1D8A8F9D3" author="Navas, L." box="[789,918,1623,1649]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="155 - 184" refId="ref71586" refString="Navas, L. (1934) Insectos suramericanos. Novena [IX] serie. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 31, 155 - 184." type="journal article" year="1934">Navás 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608FA4F9B1DFE9F9D3" authority="Navas 1936" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1936" box="[968,1239,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608FA4F9B1DF6EF9D3" box="[968,1104,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Th. limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608839F9B1DFE9F9D3" author="Navas, L." box="[1109,1239,1623,1649]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="721 - 734" refId="ref71656" refString="Navas, L. (1936) Insectos del Brasil. 5 ª Serie. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 721 - 734." type="journal article" year="1936">Navás 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described as males, but without illustrations of genitalia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608E18F99DD8ABF934" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[628,917,1659,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assumed that they «are more likely to belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608D6BF979DAFDF91B" authority="Traver" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1956" box="[263,451,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Ulmeritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608D6BF979DA4BF91B" box="[263,373,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ulmeritus</emphasis>
|
||
Traver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E71F979D9A4F91B" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[541,666,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E71F979D9A4F91B" box="[541,666,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
»; however, some authors place them to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608839F979DFECF91B" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1109,1234,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608839F979DFECF91B" box="[1109,1234,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without argumentation (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608D77F925D922F97C" author="Dominguez, E. & Molineri, C. & Pescador, M. L. & Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C." box="[283,540,1731,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref69248" refString="Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Dominguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608DCFF922DAEDF97F" box="[419,467,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608ED5F925D808F97F" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1934" box="[697,822,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608ED5F925D808F97F" box="[697,822,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">subfasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608F2AF925D8FDF97F" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[838,963,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608F2AF925D8FDF97F" box="[838,963,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] were described as «forcipe longa, pallida, primo articulo interne basi et apice dilatato» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608EEBF901D87BF8A3" author="Navas, L." box="[647,837,1766,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="155 - 184" refId="ref71586" refString="Navas, L. (1934) Insectos suramericanos. Novena [IX] serie. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 31, 155 - 184." type="journal article" year="1934">Navás 1934: 165</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that is not characteristic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF99846088E5F901DE38F8A3" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1161,1286,1767,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF99846088E5F901DE38F8A3" box="[1161,1286,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABF8EDD954F817" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species originally named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E4DF8EDD892F887" authority="Navas 1935" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1935" box="[545,940,1802,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E4DF8EDD825F887" box="[545,795,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F48F8EDD892F887" author="Navas, L." box="[804,940,1802,1829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="97 - 107" refId="ref71622" refString="Navas, L. (1935) Decadas de insectos nuevos. Decada 27. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 4 [= 31] (3), 97 - 107." type="journal article" year="1935">Navás 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also was described as male imago without illustration of genitalia. Recently it is placed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608EC3F8C9D811F8EB" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[687,815,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608EC3F8C9D811F8EB" box="[687,815,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F02F8C9DFB7F8E8" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[878,1161,1839,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, according to the original description, its hind wing has no triad of RS (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608F7EF8B5D8A2F8CF" author="Navas, L." box="[786,924,1874,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="97 - 107" refId="ref71622" refString="Navas, L. (1935) Decadas de insectos nuevos. Decada 27. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 4 [= 31] (3), 97 - 107." type="journal article" year="1935">Navás 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 119), in contrast to all known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608971F8B5DEA3F8CF" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1309,1437,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608971F8B5DEA3F8CF" box="[1309,1437,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9984608CCCF891DBCCF833" box="[160,242,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Figures made by Navás are often inaccurate, but in his other figures (e.g. fig. 120, in the same paper) triad RA of the hind wing is adequately drawn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9984608CABF859DE5AF85C" blockId="4.[151,1437,723,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species originally named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608E7FF859D842F87B" authority="Navas 1924" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" box="[531,892,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irretitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608E7FF859D9CFF87B" box="[531,753,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes irretitus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608E94F859D842F87B" author="Navas, L." box="[760,892,1983,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="55 - 86" refId="ref71565" refString="Navas, L. (1924) Insectos de la America Central. Broteria, 21, 55 - 86." type="journal article" year="1924">Navás 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recently regarded to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9984608880F859DE52F87B" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1260,1388,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9984608880F859DE52F87B" box="[1260,1388,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with uncertain position within this genus, because its genital structure is unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9984608857F805DE69F85C" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1083,1367,2019,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CBDFF7FDFAAFE12" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
All known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618DB8FF7FD96AFF11" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[468,596,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618DB8FF7FD96AFF11" box="[468,596,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by characters of male imagines, which often have species-specific coloration of body, legs, wings and caudalii, as well as species-specific structure of genitalia. In contrast to this, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618DDEFF07D90CFF59" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[434,562,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618DDEFF07D90CFF59" box="[434,562,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have fewer species-specific characters. For most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188BEFF07DE6CFF59" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1234,1362,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188BEFF07DE6CFF59" box="[1234,1362,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae remain to be undescribed; in those cases when larvae are described, the descriptions do not allow us to distinguish them from other species. In this situation formal species described as larvae only, appear to be non-comparable with others, and can be qualified as NOMINA DUBIA. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618F2AFEABDE22FEC5" authority="Kilgore & Allen 1973" authorityName="Kilgore & Allen" authorityYear="1973" box="[838,1308,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618F2AFEABDF22FEC5" box="[838,1052,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes salinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF988461884FFEABDE22FEC5" author="Kilgore, J. L. & Allen, R. K." box="[1059,1308,333,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="321 - 332" refId="ref70257" refString="Kilgore, J. L. & Allen, R. K. (1973) Mayflies of the Southwest: new species, descriptions, and records (Ephemeroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66 (2), 321 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 66.2.321" type="journal article" year="1973">Kilgore & Allen 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF988461894BFEABD974FE29" authority="Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eccentricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF988461894BFEABDBE9FE29" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. eccentricus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618CB3FE97D974FE29" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[223,586,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 18" refId="ref71235" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1996) New species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Mexico and Central America. Annales de Limnologie (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (1), 3 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996004" type="journal article" year="1996">Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618E3AFE97DF75FE29" authority="Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" box="[598,1099,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618E3AFE97D9E7FE29" box="[598,729,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618E8DFE97DF75FE29" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[737,1099,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 18" refId="ref71235" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1996) New species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Mexico and Central America. Annales de Limnologie (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (1), 3 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996004" type="journal article" year="1996">Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618834FE97DA66FE0D" authority="Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996" authorityName="Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenulineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618834FE97DFC6FE29" box="[1112,1272,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. tenulineus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF988461896CFE97DA66FE0D" author="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 18" refId="ref71235" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1996) New species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Mexico and Central America. Annales de Limnologie (International Journal of Limnology), 32 (1), 3 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1996004" type="journal article" year="1996">Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618DE3FE73DF3AFE0D" authority="McCafferty, Baumbgardner & Guenter 2004" authorityName="McCafferty, Baumbgardner & Guenter" authorityYear="2004" box="[399,1028,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618DE3FE73D935FE0D" box="[399,523,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. pacaya</emphasis>
|
||
McCafferty, Baumbgardner & Guenter 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CABFE5FDF6FFCBA" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The single complete key to male imagines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618EAAFE5FD878FE71" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[710,838,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618EAAFE5FD878FE71" box="[710,838,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF988461887AFE5FDE6BFE76" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1046,1365,441,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It begins with characters of coloration of abdomen, which are peculiar only for males, being different in females. Below, a new key is given, which includes also species described after 1967 and new species described in this paper. In or- der to make this key available for determination not only males, but also some females, it begins with the characters common for males and females; such characters are coloration of legs and wings. Species, whose leg coloration or genital structure is unknown, are not included in this key; these are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618FFCFD8BDFB3FD25" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[912,1165,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618FFCFD8BDFB3FD25" box="[912,1165,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF98846188F0FD8BDE21FD25" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1180,1311,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="77 - 152" refId="ref69406" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1884) A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Part 2. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 3, 77 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1883. tb 01550 b. x" type="journal article" year="1884">Eaton 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618943FD8BDEB7FD25" box="[1327,1417,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thaulus</emphasis>
|
||
]) (legs coloration unknown),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618DBEFD77D946FD09" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1912" box="[466,632,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bomplandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618DBEFD77D946FD09" box="[466,632,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. bomplandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618EE4FD77D849FD09" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[648,887,657,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="333 - 342" refId="ref69559" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1912) New and little-known species of Ephemerida from Argentine. (Neuropt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1912, 333 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019120310" type="journal article" year="1912">Esben-Petersen 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618FE5FD77D8D0FD09" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[905,1006,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618FE5FD77D8D0FD09" box="[905,1006,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]) (fore and middle legs missing),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618914FD77DA43FD6D" authority="Navas 1924" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irretitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618914FD77DBCEFD6D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. irretitus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618C94FD53DA43FD6D" author="Navas, L." box="[248,381,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="55 - 86" refId="ref71565" refString="Navas, L. (1924) Insectos de la America Central. Broteria, 21, 55 - 86." type="journal article" year="1924">Navás 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(genitalia unknown),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618E1AFD53D89BFD6D" authority="Traver 1946" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1946" box="[630,933,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedregoso">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618E1AFD53D828FD6D" box="[630,790,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. pedregoso</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618F70FD53D89BFD6D" author="Traver, J. R." box="[796,933,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(legs presumably associated),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF988461896CFD53DA1FFD51" authority="Traver 1946" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF988461896CFD53DEA3FD6D" box="[1280,1437,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. hilaroides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618CFBFD3FDA1FFD51" author="Traver, J. R." box="[151,289,729,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(legs missing),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618DBAFD3FD9D4FD51" authority="Koss 1966" authorityName="Koss" authorityYear="1966" box="[470,746,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618DBAFD3FD954FD51" box="[470,618,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618E1EFD3FD9D4FD51" author="Koss, R. W." box="[626,746,729,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="91 - 94" refId="ref70986" refString="Koss, R. W. (1966) A new species of Thraulodes from New Mexico (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Michigan Entomologist, 1 (3), 91 - 94." type="journal article" year="1966">Koss 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fore and hind legs missing),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618851FD3FDBF1FCB5" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618851FD3FDF82FD51" box="[1085,1212,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. lunatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF98846188A8FD3FDBF1FCB5" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fore and hind legs missing),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618E72FD1BD89BFCB5" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[542,933,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618E72FD1BD9B6FCB5" box="[542,648,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. osiris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618EE3FD1BD89BFCB5" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[655,933,765,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(legs missing).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CABFCC7DA38FC21" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">This is a nested key, in which the number of antithesis is given in parentheses after the number of thesis, and the next thesis is given just after the correct thesis. Species described in this paper are numbered and marked by bold face.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B12F5BFF9884618CFBFC33D853FBEF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="key">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9884618CFBFC33D96BFC52" box="[151,597,981,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFC33D96BFC52" blockId="5.[151,597,981,1008]" box="[151,597,981,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading id="D0C981DCFF9884618CFBFC33D96BFC52" bold="true" box="[151,597,981,1008]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618CFBFC33D96BFC52" bold="true" box="[151,597,981,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Key to male imagines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618DA6FC33D96BFC52" ID-CoL="648C7" ID-ENA="309571" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[458,597,981,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618DA6FC33D96BFC52" bold="true" box="[458,597,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9884618CFBFBFCD853FBEF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFBFCDFA6FB92" blockId="5.[151,1176,1049,1072]" box="[151,1176,1049,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFBFCDFA6FB92" box="[151,1176,1049,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFBFCDFA6FB92" box="[151,1176,1049,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
1 (8) All tibiae either entirely dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618D81FBFFD94AFB8D" box="[493,628,1049,1071]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 467–469</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E12FBFCD9EAFB8D" box="[638,724,1050,1071]" captionStart="FIGURES 491–497" captionStartId="109.[151,264,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURES 491–497. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 491–492, fore and middle legs of female imago; 493–494, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 495, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 496, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva; 497, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (495–496, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737030/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">491–492</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EB2FBFFD80BFB8D" box="[734,821,1049,1071]" captionStart="FIGURES 522–531" captionStartId="115.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,166,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[171,1415,166,1887]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURES 522–531. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 522, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 523, head and thorax of male imago in lateral view; 524–525, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 526–527, fore and middle leg of male imago; 528, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 529–530, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 531, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva (522–523, 526–530, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737038/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">526–527</figureCitation>
|
||
), or dark in proximal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618854FBFFDFB3FB92" box="[1080,1165,1049,1072]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 437</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFBD1D853FBEF" blockId="5.[151,877,1079,1101]" box="[151,877,1079,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFBD1D853FBEF" box="[151,877,1079,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFBD1D853FBEF" box="[151,877,1079,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
2 (7) All femora uniformly dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E75FBD1D99FFBEF" box="[537,673,1079,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 436–437</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EC6FBD1D83EFBEF" box="[682,768,1079,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">467–469</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F66FBD1D85CFBEF" box="[778,866,1079,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 491–497" captionStartId="109.[151,264,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURES 491–497. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 491–492, fore and middle legs of female imago; 493–494, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 495, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 496, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva; 497, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (495–496, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737030/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">491–492</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFBB2DEA2FBCB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1108,1130]" box="[151,1436,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFBB2DEA2FBCB" box="[151,1436,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFBB2DEA2FBCB" box="[151,1436,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
3 (4) Fore wing with costal and subcostal fields contrastingly yellowish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F3FFBB2D8E6FBC8" box="[851,984,1108,1130]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 427, 435</figureCitation>
|
||
).....................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF988461888CFBB2DEA2FBCB" bold="true" box="[1248,1436,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618968FBB2DE5EFBCB" box="[1284,1376,1108,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618968FBB2DE5EFBCB" bold="true" box="[1284,1376,1108,1130]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF988461890AFBB2DEA2FBCB" box="[1382,1436,1108,1129]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFB94D84CFB2A" blockId="5.[151,882,1137,1160]" box="[151,882,1137,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFB94D84CFB2A" box="[151,882,1137,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFB94D84CFB2A" box="[151,882,1137,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
4 (3) Fore wing with costal and subcostal fields not colored (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EB2FB97D80BFB25" box="[734,821,1137,1159]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 465</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F53FB94D859FB2A" box="[831,871,1138,1160]" captionStart="FIGURES 491–497" captionStartId="109.[151,264,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURES 491–497. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 491–492, fore and middle legs of female imago; 493–494, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 495, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 496, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva; 497, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (495–496, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737030/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">493</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFB69DEA2FB63" blockId="5.[151,1436,1167,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFB69DEA2FB63" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFB69DEA2FB63" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
5 (6) Fore wing with dark macula on costal brace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E11FB69D9ECFB07" box="[637,722,1167,1189]" captionStart="FIGURES 491–497" captionStartId="109.[151,264,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURES 491–497. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 491–492, fore and middle legs of female imago; 493–494, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 495, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 496, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva; 497, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (495–496, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737030/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 493</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9884618E8EFB69D9C9FB06" box="[738,759,1167,1188]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–VI light ocher, terga VII–X reddish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461894EFB69DE4AFB07" box="[1314,1396,1167,1189]" captionStart="FIGURES 491–497" captionStartId="109.[151,264,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@109.[151,1436,174,1744]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURES 491–497. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 491–492, fore and middle legs of female imago; 493–494, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 495, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 496, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva; 497, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (495–496, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737030/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 495</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188A8FB4ADEA2FB63" bold="true" box="[1220,1436,1196,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618884FB4ADE5EFB63" box="[1256,1376,1196,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618884FB4ADE5EFB63" bold="true" box="[1256,1376,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF988461890AFB4ADEA2FB63" box="[1382,1436,1196,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFB2FDEA2FB5E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1225,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFB2FDEA2FB5E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFB2FDEA2FB5E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
6 (5) Fore wing without dark macula on costal brace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EF0FB2FD9CEFB7D" box="[668,752,1225,1247]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 465</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9884618F6CFB2CD82BFB7D" box="[768,789,1226,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga unicolor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461884EFB2FDF4AFB7D" box="[1058,1140,1225,1247]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 466</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF988461881DFB01DEA2FB5E" bold="true" box="[1137,1436,1255,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188F9FB01DE5EFB5F" box="[1173,1376,1255,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrabdominalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188F9FB01DE5EFB5F" bold="true" box="[1173,1376,1255,1277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. nigrabdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF988461890AFB01DEA2FB5E" box="[1382,1436,1255,1276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFAE3DEA2FA95" blockId="5.[151,1436,1284,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFAE3DEA2FA95" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFAE3DEA2FA95" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
7 (2) All femora twice banded, i.e. with small light area at middle of femur between bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461886AFAE2DFB2FAB8" box="[1030,1164,1284,1306]" captionStart="FIGURES 522–531" captionStartId="115.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,166,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[171,1415,166,1887]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURES 522–531. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 522, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 523, head and thorax of male imago in lateral view; 524–525, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 526–527, fore and middle leg of male imago; 528, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 529–530, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 531, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva (522–523, 526–530, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737038/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 526–527</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188C4FAC7DEA2FA95" bold="true" box="[1192,1436,1313,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188ACFAC7DE5EFA95" box="[1216,1376,1313,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrotibialis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188ACFAC7DE5EFA95" bold="true" box="[1216,1376,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. nigrotibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF988461890AFAC4DEA2FA95" box="[1382,1436,1314,1335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFAD9DE33FAF7" blockId="5.[151,1293,1343,1365]" box="[151,1293,1343,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFAD9DE33FAF7" box="[151,1293,1343,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFAD9DE33FAF7" box="[151,1293,1343,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
8 (1) At least middle and hind tibiae either entirely light (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618ED0FAD9D817FAF7" box="[700,809,1343,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 29–30</figureCitation>
|
||
), or light with dark apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461884CFAD9DF99FAF7" box="[1056,1191,1343,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 306–307</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF98846188DDFAD9DE39FAF7" box="[1201,1287,1343,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 654–665" captionStartId="136.[151,264,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@136.[151,1436,174,1770]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIGURES 654–665. Thraulodes? consortis. 654, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 655, fore protopteron; 656, hind protopteron; 657, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on head and abdomen; 658–660, fore, middle and hind legs of male subimago; 661, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago; 662, anterior side of hind femur; 663, anterior side of fore tibia; 664, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 665, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737066/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">659–660</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFABAD95AFAD0" blockId="5.[151,612,1372,1394]" box="[151,612,1372,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFABAD95AFAD0" box="[151,612,1372,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFABAD95AFAD0" box="[151,612,1372,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
9 (14) Fore tibia entirely dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E68FABAD967FAD0" box="[516,601,1372,1394]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 597</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFA9CDEA2FA0F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1401,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFA9CDEA2FA0F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFA9CDEA2FA0F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
10 (11) At least in male, proximal half of fore wing brown, distal half colorless (female unknown).........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618FABFA71DEA2FA0F" ID-CoL="7BY95" authority="Giordano & Dominguez 2005" authorityName="Giordano & Dominguez" authorityYear="2005" box="[967,1436,1431,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618FABFA71DF49FA0E" box="[967,1143,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. basimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618811FA71DEA2FA0F" author="Giordano, J. A. & Dominguez, E." box="[1149,1436,1431,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="45 - 48" refId="ref69951" refString="Giordano, J. A. & Dominguez, E. (2005) Thraulodes basimaculatus sp. n., a new species of mayfly from Bolivia: (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Zootaxa, 1040 (1), 45 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1040.1.4" type="journal article" year="2005">Giordano & Dominguez 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFA52D84BFA68" blockId="5.[151,885,1460,1482]" box="[151,885,1460,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFA52D84BFA68" box="[151,885,1460,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFA52D84BFA68" box="[151,885,1460,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11 (10) No such difference between proximal and distal halves of fore wing.</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFA34DEA3FA45" blockId="5.[151,1437,1489,1512]" box="[151,1437,1489,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFA34DEA3FA45" box="[151,1437,1489,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFA34DEA3FA45" box="[151,1437,1489,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
12 (13) All femora uniformly dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E5DFA37D989FA45" box="[561,695,1489,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 597–598</figureCitation>
|
||
).....................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188ECFA37DEA3FA45" bold="true" box="[1152,1437,1489,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188C8FA37DEA3FA45" ID-CoL="56LKK" authority="(Eaton 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1188,1437,1489,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188C8FA37DE2DFA45" bold="true" box="[1188,1299,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. lepidus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618973FA37DEABFA45" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1311,1429,1489,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="77 - 152" refId="ref69406" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1884) A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Part 2. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 3, 77 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1883. tb 01550 b. x" type="journal article" year="1884">Eaton 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBFA09DEA2F9A6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1519,1541]" box="[151,1436,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBFA09DEA2F9A6" box="[151,1436,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBFA09DEA2F9A6" box="[151,1436,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
13 (12) Middle and hind femora yellowish with black bands in distal half.........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188EBFA09DEA2F9A6" ID-CoL="7C9X6" authority="Ulmer 1943" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1943" box="[1159,1436,1519,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venezuelana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188EBFA09DE1DF9A6" box="[1159,1315,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. venezuelana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618945FA09DEA2F9A6" author="Ulmer, G." box="[1321,1436,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="14 - 46" refId="ref72704" refString="Ulmer, G. (1943) Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) aus Sud- und Mittelamerika (Teil II). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 104, 14 - 46." type="journal article" year="1943">Ulmer 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF9EADF67F980" blockId="5.[151,1113,1548,1570]" box="[151,1113,1548,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF9EADF67F980" box="[151,1113,1548,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF9EADF67F980" box="[151,1113,1548,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
14 (9) Fore tibia at least partly light (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618D96F9EAD97BF983" box="[506,581,1548,1570]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E23F9EAD94BF980" box="[591,629,1548,1570]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">305</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E13F9EAD99BF983" box="[639,677,1548,1569]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">339</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EC3F9EAD9EBF980" box="[687,725,1548,1570]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">365</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EB3F9EAD83AF980" box="[735,772,1548,1570]" captionStart="FIGURES 569–577" captionStartId="123.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURES 569–577. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 569, female subimago extracted from larva; 570, apex of fore wing; 571–573, abdominal terga of three different male imagines; 574–575, two male imagines in lateral view; 576, head and thorax of male imago in dorsal view; 577, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (570, 572, 577, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">574</figureCitation>
|
||
) (as well as middle and hind ones).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF9CFDEA2F9FE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1577,1629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF9CFDEA2F9FE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF9CFDEA2F9FE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
15 (16) Fore tibia with brown band at middle, apex whitish; hind femur whitish with two narrow black bands close to apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461891EF9CFDA09F9FF" captionStart="FIGURES 569–577" captionStartId="123.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURES 569–577. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 569, female subimago extracted from larva; 570, apex of fore wing; 571–573, abdominal terga of three different male imagines; 574–575, two male imagines in lateral view; 576, head and thorax of male imago in dorsal view; 577, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (570, 572, 577, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 574–575</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188DAF9A1DEA2F9FE" bold="true" box="[1206,1436,1607,1629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188B6F9A1DE5FF9FF" box="[1242,1377,1607,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188B6F9A1DE5FF9FF" bold="true" box="[1242,1377,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF988461890AF9A1DEA2F9FE" box="[1382,1436,1607,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF982DF5BF9D8" blockId="5.[151,1125,1636,1658]" box="[151,1125,1636,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF982DF5BF9D8" box="[151,1125,1636,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF982DF5BF9D8" box="[151,1125,1636,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
16 (15) Fore tibia with dark band adjacent to apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EE8F982D9F1F9DB" box="[644,719,1636,1658]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EB5F982D9C1F9D8" box="[729,767,1636,1658]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">305</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F65F982D811F9DB" box="[777,815,1636,1657]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">339</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F55F982D85FF9D8" box="[825,865,1636,1658]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">365</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind femur not as above.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF964DEA2F917" blockId="5.[151,1436,1665,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF964DEA2F917" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF964DEA2F917" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
17 (18) Femora of middle and hind legs yellowish, without dark maculae; only femur of fore leg with dark maculae apically............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF988461884FF979DEA2F917" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1059,1436,1695,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papilionis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF988461884FF979DF96F916" box="[1059,1192,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. papilionis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF98846188C2F979DEA2F917" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1198,1436,1695,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF95ADFFAF970" blockId="5.[151,1220,1724,1746]" box="[151,1220,1724,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF95ADFFAF970" box="[151,1220,1724,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF95ADFFAF970" box="[151,1220,1724,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
1 (17) Femora of middle and hind legs with dark maculae at least in distal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618FF8F95ADF3AF973" box="[916,1028,1724,1746]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 29–30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618861F95ADF19F973" box="[1037,1063,1724,1745]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">97</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461885DF95ADFB9F970" box="[1073,1159,1724,1746]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">306–307</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF98846188FDF95ADF87F970" box="[1169,1209,1724,1746]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">367</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF93CDF42F94D" blockId="5.[151,1148,1753,1776]" box="[151,1148,1753,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF93CDF42F94D" box="[151,1148,1753,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF93CDF42F94D" box="[151,1148,1753,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19 (22) Fore femur evenly blackish brown nearly all over its length (paler at extreme base and/or apex).</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF911DEA2F88B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1783,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF911DEA2F88B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF911DEA2F88B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
20 (21)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9884618C8FF911DBC6F8AE" box="[227,248,1783,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis without ears, medio-ventral ridge forms lapel projected laterad of lateral margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF988461882BF911DE05F8AF" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1095,1339,1783,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 67)...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF98846188A8F8F2DEA2F88B" authority="Eaton 1892" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1892" box="[1220,1436,1812,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF98846188A8F8F2DE17F88B" box="[1220,1321,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. hilaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618942F8F3DEA2F88B" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1326,1436,1812,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref69464" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1892) Ephemeridae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Neuroptera, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1892">Eaton 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF8D4DEA2F8C6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1841,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF8D4DEA2F8C6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF8D4DEA2F8C6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
21 (20)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9884618C8FF8D4DBC6F8E5" box="[227,248,1842,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with ears, no lapel projected laterad of lateral margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9884618F28F8D4DF06F8E5" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[836,1080,1841,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 51)...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF988461883EF8A9DEA2F8C6" authority="McDunnough 1942" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1942" box="[1106,1436,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF988461883EF8A9DFE5F8C7" box="[1106,1243,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. arizonicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF988461888DF8A9DEA2F8C6" author="McDunnough, J." box="[1249,1436,1871,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="117" refId="ref71450" refString="McDunnough, J. (1942) An apparently new Thraulodes from Arizona (Ephemerida). The Canadian Entomologist, 74, 117. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 74118 - 7" type="journal article" year="1942">McDunnough 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF88ADF3AF820" blockId="5.[151,1028,1900,1922]" box="[151,1028,1900,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF88ADF3AF820" box="[151,1028,1900,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF88ADF3AF820" box="[151,1028,1900,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
22 (19) Fore femur with darker maculae at least in distal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618E80F88AD809F823" box="[748,823,1900,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F2DF88AD859F820" box="[833,871,1900,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">305</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F1DF88AD8A9F823" box="[881,919,1900,1921]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">339</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618FCDF88AD8F9F820" box="[929,967,1900,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">365</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618FBDF88AD8C7F820" box="[977,1017,1900,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 396–402" captionStartId="94.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737007/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">398</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF86CDAC0F81F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1929,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF86CDAC0F81F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF86CDAC0F81F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
23 (66) Middle and/or hind femora, besides dark band and/or maculae in distal half, with dark band or spot in proximal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF988461892EF86FDEA6F83D" box="[1346,1432,1929,1951]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 307</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618C8EF841DA36F81E" box="[226,264,1959,1980]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">341</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618D7EF841DA56F81F" box="[274,360,1959,1981]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">365–367</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618D1EF841DAF6F81E" box="[370,456,1959,1980]" captionStart="FIGURES 396–402" captionStartId="94.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737007/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">398–401</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618DBEF841DAC9F81F" box="[466,503,1959,1981]" captionStart="FIGURES 654–665" captionStartId="136.[151,264,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@136.[151,1436,174,1770]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIGURES 654–665. Thraulodes? consortis. 654, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 655, fore protopteron; 656, hind protopteron; 657, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on head and abdomen; 658–660, fore, middle and hind legs of male subimago; 661, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago; 662, anterior side of hind femur; 663, anterior side of fore tibia; 664, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 665, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737066/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">660</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF822DFE1F878" blockId="5.[151,1247,1988,2010]" box="[151,1247,1988,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF822DFE1F878" box="[151,1247,1988,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF822DFE1F878" box="[151,1247,1988,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
24 (57) Proximal half of middle and hind femora with band or wide spot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F37F822D88CF87B" box="[859,946,1988,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 307</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618FD0F822D8DCF87B" box="[956,994,1988,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">341</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618F80F822DF7CF878" box="[1004,1090,1988,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">365–367</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618820F822DF9CF87B" box="[1100,1186,1988,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 396–402" captionStartId="94.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737007/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">398–401</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF98846188C0F822DFEAF878" box="[1196,1236,1988,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 654–665" captionStartId="136.[151,264,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@136.[151,1436,174,1770]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIGURES 654–665. Thraulodes? consortis. 654, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 655, fore protopteron; 656, hind protopteron; 657, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on head and abdomen; 658–660, fore, middle and hind legs of male subimago; 661, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago; 662, anterior side of hind femur; 663, anterior side of fore tibia; 664, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 665, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737066/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">660</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9884618CFBF807DEA2F855" blockId="5.[151,1436,2017,2039]" box="[151,1436,2017,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9884618CFBF807DEA2F855" box="[151,1436,2017,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9884618CFBF807DEA2F855" box="[151,1436,2017,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
25 (26) Subcostal field of fore wing yellow, apically brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9884618EB1F807D85DF855" box="[733,867,2017,2039]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 365–367</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618890F807DEA2F855" bold="true" box="[1276,1436,2017,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9884618890F807DE5EF855" box="[1276,1376,2017,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9884618890F807DE5EF855" bold="true" box="[1276,1376,2017,2039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Th. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF988461890AF804DEA2F855" box="[1382,1436,2018,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFF7FD8CDFF0D" blockId="6.[151,1011,153,175]" box="[151,1011,153,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFF7FD8CDFF0D" box="[151,1011,153,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFF7FD8CDFF0D" box="[151,1011,153,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">26 (25) Subcostal field of fore wing, if colored, with apex not darker than remainder part.</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFF51DE4FFF6E" blockId="6.[151,1393,183,205]" box="[151,1393,183,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFF51DE4FFF6E" box="[151,1393,183,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFF51DE4FFF6E" box="[151,1393,183,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
27 (28) Fore wing with dark macula on furcation of MA larger than other maculae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628FD4FF51DF0BFF6E" box="[952,1077,183,204]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alapictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628FD4FF51DF0BFF6E" box="[952,1077,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. alapictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628857FF51DE4FFF6E" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[1083,1393,183,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B84628857FF51DF4EFF6F" box="[1083,1136,183,205]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFF32DFF8FF48" blockId="6.[151,1222,212,234]" box="[151,1222,212,234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFF32DFF8FF48" box="[151,1222,212,234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFF32DFF8FF48" box="[151,1222,212,234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
28 (27) If dark maculae on fore wing present, macula on furcation of MA not larger than others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B8462885AFF32DF85FF48" box="[1078,1211,212,234]" captionStart="FIGURES 396–402" captionStartId="94.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 398–401</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFF14DEA2FE86" blockId="6.[151,1436,241,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFF14DEA2FE86" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFF14DEA2FE86" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
29 (30) Contrasting dark brown spot on whitish background on median furcasternal concavity of mesothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B846288D5FF17DE35FEAA" box="[1209,1291,241,264]" captionStart="FIGURES 396–402" captionStartId="94.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[151,1436,166,1861]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 400</figureCitation>
|
||
)...........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628F9CFEE9DEA2FE86" bold="true" box="[1008,1436,270,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628878FEE8DEA2FE86" ID-CoL="56LL5" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1044,1436,270,293]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spangleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628878FEE8DFA6FE86" bold="true" box="[1044,1176,270,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. spangleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288F2FEE9DEA2FE86" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1182,1436,271,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFECAD83BFEE0" blockId="6.[151,773,300,322]" box="[151,773,300,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFECAD83BFEE0" box="[151,773,300,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFECAD83BFEE0" box="[151,773,300,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30 (29) No such unpaired spot on median furcasternal concavity.</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFEACDEA2FEDF" blockId="6.[151,1436,329,381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFEACDEA2FEDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFEACDEA2FEDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
31 (32, 33, 34)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D47FEACDA7EFEFD" box="[299,320,330,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with pair of apico-lateral projections directed proximally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FDDFEAFDF78FEFD" author="Kimmins, D. E." box="[945,1094,329,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="338 - 353" refId="ref70318" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1934) Notes on the Ephemeroptera of the Godman and Salvin collection, with description of two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 14 (81), 338 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933408654903" type="journal article" year="1934">Kimmins 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8)..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628825FE81DF95FEDE" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1892" box="[1097,1195,359,380]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628825FE81DF95FEDE" box="[1097,1195,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. valens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288D4FE81DE16FEDE" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1208,1320,359,380]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref69464" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1892) Ephemeridae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Neuroptera, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1892">Eaton 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B8462895AFE81DEB3FEDE" ID-CoL="648CZ" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1334,1421,359,380]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462895AFE81DEB3FEDE" box="[1334,1421,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thraulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
])
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFE62DEA2FE15" blockId="6.[151,1436,388,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFE62DEA2FE15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFE62DEA2FE15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
32 (31, 33, 34)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D47FE63DA7EFE38" box="[299,320,389,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with pair of lateral projections directed proximally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628F1AFE62DF4EFE3B" author="Campos, R. & Mariano, R." box="[886,1136,388,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref68915" refString="Campos, R. & Mariano, R. (2019) New species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4565 (2), 213 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4565.2.5" type="journal article" year="2019">Campos & Mariano 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 10–12)...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628F86FE47DEA2FE15" authority="Campos & Mariano 2019" authorityName="Campos & Mariano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1002,1436,417,439]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catoles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628F86FE47DF9CFE14" box="[1002,1186,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thraulodes catoles</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288C4FE44DEA2FE15" author="Campos, R. & Mariano, R." box="[1192,1436,417,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref68915" refString="Campos, R. & Mariano, R. (2019) New species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4565 (2), 213 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4565.2.5" type="journal article" year="2019">Campos & Mariano 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFE59DEA2FE50" blockId="6.[151,1436,447,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFE59DEA2FE50" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFE59DEA2FE50" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
33 (31, 32, 34)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D47FE59DA7EFE76" box="[299,320,447,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with pair of lateral projections directed distally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628F3FFE59D8F3FE77" author="Traver, J. R." box="[851,973,447,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 30;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462884DFE59DE2DFE77" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1057,1299,447,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 65)...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288CCFE3ADEA2FE50" ID-CoL="56LK8" authority="Traver 1946" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1946" box="[1184,1436,476,498]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furficulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288CCFE3ADE1CFE53" box="[1184,1314,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. furficulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462894BFE3BDEA2FE50" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1319,1436,476,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFE1CD9D3FDAD" blockId="6.[151,749,505,528]" box="[151,749,505,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFE1CD9D3FDAD" box="[151,749,505,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFE1CD9D3FDAD" box="[151,749,505,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
34 (31, 32, 33)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D47FE1CDA7EFDAD" box="[299,320,506,527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis without additional lateral projections.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFDF1DF71FD8F" blockId="6.[151,1103,535,557]" box="[151,1103,535,557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFDF1DF71FD8F" box="[151,1103,535,557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFDF1DF71FD8F" box="[151,1103,535,557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
35 (40)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFDF1DBC6FD8E" box="[227,248,535,556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis in distal half parallel-sided, not widened apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628F72FDF1D850FD8E" box="[798,878,535,557]" captionStart="FIGURES 209–314" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1566,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,173,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,166,1547]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 310</figureCitation>
|
||
or similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628F9CFDF1DF7AFD8F" box="[1008,1092,535,557]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 440</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFDD2DEA2FDE8" blockId="6.[151,1436,564,586]" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFDD2DEA2FDE8" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFDD2DEA2FDE8" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
36 (37)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFDD3DBC6FDE8" box="[227,248,565,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis without ears (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628DD2FDD2D98CFDE8" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[446,690,564,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 37)......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B8462887FFDD2DEA2FDE8" ID-CoL="56LK6" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1043,1436,564,586]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462887FFDD2DF96FDEB" box="[1043,1192,564,585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. ephippiatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288C2FDD3DEA2FDE8" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1198,1436,564,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFDB4D8CEFDCA" blockId="6.[151,1008,593,616]" box="[151,1008,593,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFDB4D8CEFDCA" box="[151,1008,593,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFDB4D8D3FDCA" box="[151,1005,593,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
37 (36)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFDB4DBC6FDC5" box="[227,248,594,615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with ears directed caudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628E27FDB7D9A1FDC5" box="[587,671,593,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 209–314" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1566,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,173,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,166,1547]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 310</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628EC4FDB4D8A4FDC5" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[680,922,593,615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 41)
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFD89DEA2FD26" blockId="6.[151,1436,622,645]" box="[151,1436,622,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFD89DEA2FD26" box="[151,1436,622,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFD89DEA2FD26" box="[151,1436,622,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
38 (39)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFD89DBC6FD26" box="[227,248,623,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–IX equally dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628E04FD89D984FD27" box="[616,698,623,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 343</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462886BFD89DEA2FD26" bold="true" box="[1031,1436,622,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628847FD88DEA2FD26" ID-CoL="56LLH" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1067,1436,622,645]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628847FD88DFA6FD26" bold="true" box="[1067,1176,622,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. zonalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288F2FD89DEA2FD26" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1182,1436,623,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFD6ADEA2FD03" blockId="6.[151,1436,652,674]" box="[151,1436,652,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFD6ADEA2FD03" box="[151,1436,652,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFD6ADEA2FD03" box="[151,1436,652,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
39 (38)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFD6BDBC6FD00" box="[227,248,653,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–V contrastingly lighter than terga VII–X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628F38FD6AD8E4FD00" box="[852,986,652,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 298–301</figureCitation>
|
||
)................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288DCFD6ADEA2FD03" bold="true" box="[1200,1436,652,674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288A4FD6ADE5EFD00" box="[1224,1376,652,674]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288A4FD6ADE5EFD00" bold="true" box="[1224,1376,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. fascipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9B8462890AFD6ADEA2FD03" box="[1382,1436,652,673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFD4CDADBFD1D" blockId="6.[151,485,681,703]" box="[151,485,681,703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFD4CDADBFD1D" box="[151,485,681,703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFD4CDADBFD1D" box="[151,485,681,703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
40 (35)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFD4CDBC6FD1D" box="[227,248,682,703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis widened apically.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" blockId="6.[151,1436,711,762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
41 (42)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFD21DBC6FD7E" box="[227,248,711,732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis hidden under very wide dorsal projection of styliger (Neito & Dominguez 2001: figs 6–8).......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B8462886EFD02DEA2FD5B" authority="Neito & Dominguez 2001" authorityName="Neito & Dominguez" authorityYear="2001" box="[1026,1436,740,762]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptodrilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462886EFD02DFA2FD5B" box="[1026,1180,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. cryptodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
Neito & Dominguez 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFCE4D837FCB5" blockId="6.[151,777,769,792]" box="[151,777,769,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFCE4D837FCB5" box="[151,777,769,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFCE4D837FCB5" box="[151,777,769,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
42 (41)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFCE4DBC6FCB5" box="[227,248,770,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis not hidden, dorsal projection of styliger smaller.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFCF9D91DFC97" blockId="6.[151,547,799,821]" box="[151,547,799,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFCF9D91DFC97" box="[151,547,799,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFCF9D91DFC97" box="[151,547,799,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
43 (50)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFCF9DBC6FC96" box="[227,248,799,820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis without lateral pouches.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFCDADEA2FCD2" blockId="6.[151,1436,828,880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFCDADEA2FCD2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFCDADEA2FCD2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
44 (45)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFCDBDBC6FCF0" box="[227,248,829,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628F32FCDADF6CFCF0" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[862,1106,828,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 63)............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628821FCBFDF95FCCC" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1884" box="[1101,1195,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628821FCBFDF95FCCC" box="[1101,1195,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288D4FCBCDE16FCCD" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1208,1320,858,879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="77 - 152" refId="ref69406" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1884) A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Part 2. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 3, 77 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1883. tb 01550 b. x" type="journal article" year="1884">Eaton 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B8462895AFCBFDEB3FCCC" ID-CoL="648CZ" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1334,1421,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462895AFCBFDEB3FCCC" box="[1334,1421,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thraulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
])
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFC91DA00FC08" blockId="6.[151,1437,887,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFC91DA00FC08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFC91DA00FC08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
45 (44)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8AFC91DBC5FC2E" box="[230,251,887,908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Dorsal margin of styliger either pointed, or with median projection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FF3FC91DFA9FC2F" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[927,1175,887,909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 44;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628882FC91DEA4FC2E" author="Dominguez, E." box="[1262,1434,887,909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6, 8).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFC57DE5BFC65" blockId="6.[151,1381,945,968]" box="[151,1381,945,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFC57DE5BFC65" box="[151,1381,945,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFC57DE5BFC65" box="[151,1381,945,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
46 (47)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFC54DBC6FC65" box="[227,248,946,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga IV–VI with composite dark markings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628F70FC57D8F6FC65" author="Dominguez, E." box="[796,968,945,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 19–20).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628827FC57DF63FC64" box="[1099,1117,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">h.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B8462880FFC57DE5BFC65" ID-CoL="56LKM" authority="Dominguez 1987" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[1123,1381,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liminaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462880FFC57DF84FC64" box="[1123,1210,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">liminaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288D3FC57DE5BFC65" author="Dominguez, E." box="[1215,1381,945,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFC29DF26FC47" blockId="6.[151,1048,975,997]" box="[151,1048,975,997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFC29DF26FC47" box="[151,1048,975,997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFC29DF26FC47" box="[151,1048,975,997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
47 (46)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFC29DBC6FC46" box="[227,248,975,996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga IV–VI with sublateral dark spots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628E83FC29D8A5FC46" author="Dominguez, E." box="[751,923,975,997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 15–16).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFC0ADEA2FBA3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1004,1026]" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFC0ADEA2FBA3" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFC0ADEA2FBA3" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
48 (49) Distributed in South America; genitalia as figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628E8AFC0AD8A9FBA3" author="Dominguez, E." box="[742,919,1004,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez (1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6).........
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B8462882BFC0ADEA2FBA3" bold="true" box="[1095,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
21.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628807FC0ADEA2FBA3" ID-CoL="56LK3" authority="Dominguez 1987" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[1131,1436,1004,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consortis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628807FC0ADFD2FBA3" bold="true" box="[1131,1260,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. consortis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462889EFC0ADEA2FBA3" author="Dominguez, E." box="[1266,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFBECDEA2FBBD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1033,1056]" box="[151,1436,1033,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFBECDEA2FBBD" box="[151,1436,1033,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFBECDEA2FBBD" box="[151,1436,1033,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
49 (48) Distributed in North America; genitalia as figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628E89FBECD8E1FBBD" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[741,991,1033,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 44).........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288CCFBEFDEA2FBBD" authority="Traver 1934" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1934" box="[1184,1436,1033,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288CCFBEFDE1CFBBD" box="[1184,1314,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462894BFBECDEA2FBBD" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1319,1436,1034,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="189 - 254" refId="ref72328" refString="Traver, J. R. (1934) New North American species of mayflies (Ephemerida). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 50 (1 - 2), 189 - 254, pls. 16." type="journal article" year="1934">Traver 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFBC1D93AFB9F" blockId="6.[151,516,1063,1085]" box="[151,516,1063,1085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFBC1D93AFB9F" box="[151,516,1063,1085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFBC1D93AFB9F" box="[151,516,1063,1085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
50 (43)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFBC1DBC6FB9E" box="[227,248,1063,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with lateral pouches.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFBA2DEA2FBD5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1092,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFBA2DEA2FBD5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFBA2DEA2FBD5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
51 (52, 53, 54, 55, 56)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D1FFBA3DAB6FBF8" box="[371,392,1093,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FE9FBA3DF40FBF8" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[901,1150,1092,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 8–9, 31)...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628857FB87DEA2FBD5" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1083,1436,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628857FB87DF96FBD4" box="[1083,1192,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. packeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B846288C2FB84DEA2FBD5" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1198,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFB99DEA2FB10" blockId="6.[151,1436,1151,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFB99DEA2FB10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFB99DEA2FB10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
52 (51, 53, 54, 55, 56)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D1FFB99DAB6FB36" box="[371,392,1151,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FE9FB99DF49FB37" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[901,1143,1151,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 26).................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288CBFB7ADEA2FB10" authority="Thew 1960" authorityName="Thew" authorityYear="1960" box="[1191,1436,1180,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daidaleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288CBFB7ADE17FB13" box="[1191,1321,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. daidaleus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462895CFB7ADEA2FB10" author="Thew, T. B." box="[1328,1436,1180,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref72293" refString="Thew, T. B. (1960) Taxonomic studies on some Neotropical Leptophlebiid mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 36 (3), 119 - 132." type="journal article" year="1960">Thew 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFB5FDEA2FB4F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1209,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFB5FDEA2FB4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFB5FDEA2FB4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
53 (51, 52, 54, 55, 56)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D1FFB5CDAB6FB6D" box="[371,392,1210,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FE9FB5CDF40FB6D" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[901,1150,1209,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 4–5, 46)........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628810FB31DEA2FB4F" authority="Traver 1964" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1964" box="[1148,1436,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paysandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628810FB31DE1CFB4E" box="[1148,1314,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. paysandensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462894BFB31DEA2FB4F" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1319,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="33 - 37" refId="ref72559" refString="Traver, J. R. (1964) A new species of Thraulodes from Uruguay (Ephemeroptera: Family Leptophlebiidae). Revista de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Entomologia, 6, 33 - 37." type="journal article" year="1964">Traver 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFB12DEA2FA85" blockId="6.[151,1436,1268,1319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFB12DEA2FA85" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFB12DEA2FA85" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
54 (51, 52, 53, 55, 56)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D1FFB13DAB6FAA8" box="[371,392,1269,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FE9FB13DF40FAA8" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[901,1150,1268,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2–3, 66).............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288DFFAF7DEA2FA85" authority="Thew 1960" authorityName="Thew" authorityYear="1960" box="[1203,1436,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traverae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288DFFAF7DE14FA85" box="[1203,1322,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. traverae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462895CFAF7DEA2FA85" author="Thew, T. B." box="[1328,1436,1297,1319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref72293" refString="Thew, T. B. (1960) Taxonomic studies on some Neotropical Leptophlebiid mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 36 (3), 119 - 132." type="journal article" year="1960">Thew 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFAC9DEA2FAC3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1327,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFAC9DEA2FAC3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFAC9DEA2FAC3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
55 (51, 52, 53, 54, 56)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D1FFAC9DAB6FAE6" box="[371,392,1327,1348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FE9FAC9DF0EFAE6" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[901,1072,1327,1349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B84628FE9FAC9D886FAE7" box="[901,952,1327,1349]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628FD2FAC9D8D6FAE6" box="[958,1000,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 10–11, 18–20)..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628FACFAAADF5FFAC3" box="[960,1121,1356,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luizgonzagai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628FACFAAADF5FFAC3" box="[960,1121,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. luizgonzagai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462880AFAAADEA2FAC3" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[1126,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B8462880AFAAADFA5FAC0" box="[1126,1179,1356,1378]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFA8FDEA2FA3E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1385,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFA8FDEA2FA3E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFA8FDEA2FA3E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
56 (51, 52, 53, 54, 55)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628D1FFA8CDAB6FADD" box="[371,392,1386,1407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628FE9FA8FDF0EFADD" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[901,1072,1385,1407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B84628FE9FA8FD886FADD" box="[901,952,1385,1407]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628FD2FA8CD8D6FADC" box="[958,1000,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 16–17, 31–32)................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628F92FA61DF5EFA3E" box="[1022,1120,1415,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinhoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628F92FA61DF5EFA3E" box="[1022,1120,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. pinhoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462880AFA61DEA2FA3E" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[1126,1436,1415,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B8462880AFA61DFA5FA3F" box="[1126,1179,1415,1437]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFA42DF25FA18" blockId="6.[151,1051,1444,1466]" box="[151,1051,1444,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFA42DF25FA18" box="[151,1051,1444,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFA42DF25FA18" box="[151,1051,1444,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">57 (24) Proximal half of middle and hind femora with small spot (besides band in distal half).</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFA27D95CFA75" blockId="6.[151,610,1473,1495]" box="[151,610,1473,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFA27D95CFA75" box="[151,610,1473,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFA27D95CFA75" box="[151,610,1473,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
58 (61)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFA24DBC6FA75" box="[227,248,1474,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–IX equally dark.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBFA39DEA2F9B3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1503,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBFA39DEA2F9B3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBFA39DEA2F9B3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
59 (60)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FFA39DBC6FA56" box="[227,248,1503,1524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with lateral pouches wider than apex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628EC5FA39D855FA56" author="Mariano, R. & Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G." box="[681,875,1503,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="387 - 393" refId="ref71295" refString="Mariano, R., Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G. (2011) Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie, 47, 387 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2011044" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mariano
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628F6EFA39D812FA56" box="[770,812,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 9–10).............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628EA3FA1ADEA2F9B3" authority="Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich)" box="[719,1436,1532,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628EA3FA1AD87FF9B3" box="[719,833,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. amanda</emphasis>
|
||
Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich) 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF9FFDEA2F9EE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1561,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF9FFDEA2F9EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF9FFDEA2F9EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
60 (59)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FF9FCDBC6F98D" box="[227,248,1562,1583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with lateral pouches narrower than apex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628EA5F9FFD8B5F98D" author="Mariano, R. & Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G." box="[713,907,1561,1583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="387 - 393" refId="ref71295" refString="Mariano, R., Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G. (2011) Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie, 47, 387 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2011044" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mariano
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628F4EF9FCD872F98C" box="[802,844,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 4–3)........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628EF5F9D1DEA2F9EE" authority="Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich)" box="[665,1436,1591,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xavantinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628EF5F9D1D87CF9EE" box="[665,834,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. xavantinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich) 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF9B2D870F9C8" blockId="6.[151,846,1620,1642]" box="[151,846,1620,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF9B2D875F9C8" box="[151,843,1620,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF9B2D875F9C8" box="[151,843,1620,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
61 (58)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FF9B3DBC6F9C8" box="[227,248,1621,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–V contrastingly lighter than terga VII–X
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF997DEA2F906" blockId="6.[151,1436,1649,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF997DEA2F906" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF997DEA2F906" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
62 (63)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FF994DBC6F925" box="[227,248,1650,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628F32F997DF3CF925" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[862,1026,1649,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B84628F32F997D8ACF925" box="[862,914,1649,1671]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628FF4F994D8FCF924" box="[920,962,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12).....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628FCEF969DF5EF906" box="[930,1120,1679,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628FCEF969DF5EF906" box="[930,1120,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. sternimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462880AF969DEA2F906" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[1126,1436,1679,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF9B8462880AF969DFA5F907" box="[1126,1179,1679,1701]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF94AD9E1F960" blockId="6.[151,735,1708,1730]" box="[151,735,1708,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF94AD9E1F960" box="[151,735,1708,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF94AD9E1F960" box="[151,735,1708,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
63 (62)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FF94BDBC6F960" box="[227,248,1709,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Dorsal margin of styliger with median projection.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF92FDEA2F95E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1737,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF92FDEA2F95E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF92FDEA2F95E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
64 (65)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FF92CDBC6F97D" box="[227,248,1738,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–VI with a pair of dark submedian spots (besides pair of midway spots) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462881FF92CDE23F97D" author="Souto, P. M. & Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L." box="[1139,1309,1737,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="571 - 578" refId="ref72229" refString="Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa 3760 (4), 571 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288DFF92CDFE3F97C" box="[1203,1245,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1–4).........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628E6CF901D886F95E" authority="Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2014" authorityName="Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian" authorityYear="2014" box="[512,952,1767,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luisae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628E6CF901D961F95E" box="[512,607,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. luisae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628E09F901D886F95E" author="Souto, P. M. & Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L." box="[613,952,1767,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="571 - 578" refId="ref72229" refString="Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa 3760 (4), 571 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6" type="journal article" year="2014">Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628F8BF901DEA2F95E" authority="Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2014" authorityName="Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian" authorityYear="2014" box="[999,1436,1767,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628F8BF901DF7DF95E" box="[999,1091,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. pinga</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628825F901DEA2F95E" author="Souto, P. M. & Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L." box="[1097,1436,1767,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="571 - 578" refId="ref72229" refString="Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa 3760 (4), 571 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6" type="journal article" year="2014">Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF8E2DA58F8F6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1796,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF8E2DA58F8F6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF8E2DA58F8F6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
65 (64)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628C8FF8E3DBC6F8B8" box="[227,248,1797,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga without submedian spots................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B84628C81F8C7DFBDF895" authority="Dominguez, Molineri & Zuniga (in Zuniga, Molineri, Dominguez & Cardona)" box="[237,1155,1825,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insular">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B84628C81F8C7DA68F894" box="[237,342,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. insular</emphasis>
|
||
Domínguez, Molineri & Zúñiga (in Zúñiga, Molineri, Domínguez & Cardona) 2015
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288DEF8C7DA58F8F6" authority="Medina & Perez 2010" authorityName="Medina & Perez" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288DEF8C7DE73F894" box="[1202,1357,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. eduardorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462893FF8C7DA58F8F6" author="Medina, B. A. & Perez, B. Y." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="49 - 61" refId="ref71360" refString="Medina, B. A. & Perez, B. Y. (2010) Thraulodes eduardorum (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) nueva especie para Venezuela. Entomotropica, 25 (2), 49 - 61." type="journal article" year="2010">Medina & Perez 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF8BADF3CF8D0" box="[151,1026,1884,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF8BADF3CF8D0" box="[151,1026,1884,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF8BADF3CF8D0" box="[151,1026,1884,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
66 (23) Middle and hind femora light, with dark macula(e) only in distal part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628FEAF8BAD8EFF8D3" box="[902,977,1884,1906]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628FB7F8BAD8C8F8D0" box="[987,1014,1884,1906]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">97</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF89FDEA2F80F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1913,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF89FDEA2F80F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF89FDEA2F80F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
67 (68) Hind femur without distinct bands, darker toward apex.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628F7EF89CD819F82D" box="[786,807,1914,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: penis unusually sharply widened, with lateral denticles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628937F89CDA28F80F" author="Traver, J. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 27;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B84628D05F871D962F80F" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[361,604,1943,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 49).......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9B846288E5F871DEA2F80F" authority="Traver 1946" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1946" box="[1161,1436,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9B846288E5F871DE1FF80E" box="[1161,1313,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Th. prolongatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9B8462894BF871DEA2F80F" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1319,1436,1943,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9B84628CFBF852DA02F845" blockId="6.[151,1437,1972,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9B84628CFBF852DA02F845" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9B84628CFBF852DA02F845" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
68 (67) Hind femur with brown or reddish apical band usually bordered by darker brown on proximal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B846288C9F852DFD1F86B" box="[1189,1263,1972,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9B84628895F852DE2AF868" box="[1273,1300,1972,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">97</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9B84628949F853DE04F868" box="[1317,1338,1973,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis not as above.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFF7FDEA2FF6F" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFF7FDEA2FF6F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFF7FDEA2FF6F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
69 (70)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C89FF7CDBC4FF0D" box="[229,250,154,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: All abdominal terga I–X dark brown. Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection; spear-like rolls very long and thick, directed caudally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638E44FF51D822FF6F" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[552,796,183,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 42).................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638850FF51DEA2FF6F" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1084,1436,183,205]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638850FF51DF96FF6E" box="[1084,1192,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. regulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A846388C2FF51DEA2FF6F" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1198,1436,183,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFF32D969FF48" blockId="7.[151,599,212,234]" box="[151,599,212,234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFF32D969FF48" box="[151,599,212,234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFF32D969FF48" box="[151,599,212,234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
70 (69)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFF33DBC6FF48" box="[227,248,213,234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: At least abdominal terga II–V light.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFF14DEA2FE87" blockId="7.[151,1436,241,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFF14DEA2FE87" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFF14DEA2FE87" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
71 (72)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFF14DBC6FEA5" box="[227,248,242,263]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–VI with grayish brown dome-shaped patches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638F12FF14DF4CFEA5" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[894,1138,241,263]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 10–11)...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638844FEE9DEA2FE87" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1064,1436,271,293]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonzalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638844FEE9DF97FE86" box="[1064,1193,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. gonzalesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A846388C2FEE9DEA2FE87" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1198,1436,271,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFECAD967FEE0" blockId="7.[151,601,300,322]" box="[151,601,300,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFECAD967FEE0" box="[151,601,300,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFECAD967FEE0" box="[151,601,300,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
72 (71)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFECBDBC6FEE0" box="[227,248,301,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration not as above.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFEACDF38FEFD" blockId="7.[151,1030,329,352]" box="[151,1030,329,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFEACDF38FEFD" box="[151,1030,329,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFEACDF38FEFD" box="[151,1030,329,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
73 (80)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFEACDBC6FEFD" box="[227,248,330,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–V mostly light, VI–VII mostly colored (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F2EFEAFD8A7FEFD" box="[834,921,329,351]" captionStart="FIGURES 198–202" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1779,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,166,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[151,1419,166,1759]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 198–202. Thraulodes schlingeri. 198–199, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 200, penis in apical view; 201, penis in ventral view; 202, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 198</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638FCFFEACD8F7FEFD" box="[931,969,330,351]" captionStart="FIGURES 232–239" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 232–239. Thraulodes marreroi. 232–234, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 235, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 236–239, male imaginal genitalia in apical, dorsal ventral and lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736961/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">232</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638FBFFEAFD8C5FEFD" box="[979,1019,329,351]" captionStart="FIGURES 260–266" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1402,1427]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,166,1382]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 260–266. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 260–261, genitalia of male imago with focus on penis and on styliger; 262, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 263–264, male imago in ventral and lateral view; 265, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 266, apex of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736971/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">264</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFE81DEA2FEDE" blockId="7.[151,1436,359,381]" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFE81DEA2FEDE" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFE81DEA2FEDE" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
74 (75)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFE81DBC6FEDE" box="[227,248,359,380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis long and parallel-sided (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638E48FE81D9EEFEDE" author="Dominguez, E." box="[548,720,359,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 10)........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638826FE81DEA2FEDE" authority="Dominguez 1987" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[1098,1436,359,381]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochunaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638826FE81DFCEFEDE" box="[1098,1264,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. cochunaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A8463889AFE81DEA2FEDE" author="Dominguez, E." box="[1270,1436,359,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFE62D9DEFE38" blockId="7.[151,736,388,410]" box="[151,736,388,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFE62D9DEFE38" box="[151,736,388,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFE62D9DEFE38" box="[151,736,388,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
75 (74)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFE63DBC6FE38" box="[227,248,389,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis widened apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638D80FE62D97CFE3B" box="[492,578,388,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–206" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1511,1536]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,175,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,166,1491]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736955/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 204</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E20FE62D94CFE3B" box="[588,626,388,409]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1623,1648]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,166,1604]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Thraulodes marreroi. 240, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 241, apex of penis in dorsal view; 242, genitalia in ventral view; 243, sibimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostyli and telopenes; 244, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 245, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736963/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">242</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E10FE62D9EBFE38" box="[636,725,388,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">268–269</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFE47DEA2FE14" blockId="7.[151,1436,417,440]" box="[151,1436,417,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFE47DEA2FE14" box="[151,1436,417,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFE47DEA2FE14" box="[151,1436,417,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
76 (77)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFE44DBC6FE15" box="[227,248,418,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Spear-like rolls directed dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E24FE47D9A4FE15" box="[584,666,417,439]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 267</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638820FE47DEA2FE14" bold="true" box="[1100,1436,417,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638808FE47DEA2FE14" ID-CoL="56LKZ" authority="Flowers 2009" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[1124,1436,417,439]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638808FE47DE31FE15" bold="true" box="[1124,1295,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638979FE44DEA2FE14" author="Flowers, R. W." box="[1301,1436,417,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="55 - 61" refId="ref69757" refString="Flowers, R. W. (2009) A new species of Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae, Atalophlebiinae) from a highly altered river in western Ecuador. Zootaxa, 2052 (1), 55 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2052.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Flowers 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFE59D9DAFE77" blockId="7.[151,740,447,469]" box="[151,740,447,469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFE59D9DAFE77" box="[151,740,447,469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFE59D9DAFE77" box="[151,740,447,469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
77 (76)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFE59DBC6FE76" box="[227,248,447,468]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Spear-like rolls directed ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E3CFE59D999FE76" box="[592,679,447,469]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–206" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1511,1536]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,175,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,166,1491]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736955/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 203</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638EDDFE59D9E7FE77" box="[689,729,447,469]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1623,1648]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,166,1604]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Thraulodes marreroi. 240, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 241, apex of penis in dorsal view; 242, genitalia in ventral view; 243, sibimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostyli and telopenes; 244, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 245, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736963/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">240</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFE3ADEA2FDAC" blockId="7.[151,1436,476,527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFE3ADEA2FDAC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFE3ADEA2FDAC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
78 (79)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFE3BDBC6FE50" box="[227,248,477,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Apices of penis lobes as wide as gonostylar cavity of styliger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F34FE3AD893FE50" box="[856,941,476,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1623,1648]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,166,1604]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Thraulodes marreroi. 240, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 241, apex of penis in dorsal view; 242, genitalia in ventral view; 243, sibimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostyli and telopenes; 244, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 245, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736963/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 242</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution: from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF9A8463881EFE3BDF80FE50" box="[1138,1214,477,498]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF9A846388B1FE3ADE7EFE50" box="[1245,1344,476,498]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
...............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FE2FE1CDEA2FDAC" bold="true" box="[910,1436,505,527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FCAFE1FDEA2FDAC" ID-CoL="56LKP" authority="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999" authorityName="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez" authorityYear="1999" box="[934,1436,505,527]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marreroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FCAFE1FDF18FDAC" bold="true" box="[934,1062,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. marreroi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638840FE1FDEA2FDAC" author="Chacon, M. & Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E." box="[1068,1436,505,527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="249 - 257" refId="ref68968" refString="Chacon, M. M, Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E. (1999) Three new species of Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Venezuela. Aquatic Insects, 21, 249 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 21.4.249.4504" type="journal article" year="1999">Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFDF1DEA2FDEB" blockId="7.[151,1436,535,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFDF1DEA2FDEB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFDF1DEA2FDEB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
79 (78)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFDF1DBC6FD8E" box="[227,248,535,556]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Apices of penis lobes wider than gonostylar cavity of styliger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F30FDF1D88EFD8F" box="[860,944,535,557]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–206" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1511,1536]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,175,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,166,1491]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736955/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 204</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF9A8463882DFDF1DF53FD8E" box="[1089,1133,535,556]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF9A846388F0FDF1DFE9FD8F" box="[1180,1239,535,557]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638F99FDD2DEA2FDEB" bold="true" box="[1013,1436,564,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638861FDD2DEA2FDEB" ID-CoL="56LL3" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="": Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1037,1436,564,586]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638861FDD2DFA6FDE8" bold="true" box="[1037,1176,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. schlingeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A846388F2FDD2DEA2FDEB" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1182,1436,564,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFDB4DF18FDC5" blockId="7.[151,1062,593,616]" box="[151,1062,593,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFDB4DF18FDC5" box="[151,1062,593,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFDB4DF18FDC5" box="[151,1062,593,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
80 (73)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFDB4DBC6FDC5" box="[227,248,594,615]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga II–VI mostly light, VII mostly colored (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F4BFDB7D84CFDC5" box="[807,882,593,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F10FDB7D8A8FDC5" box="[892,918,593,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–59" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,166,1789]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 52–59. Thraulodes sinuosus. 52–53, male imago in dorsal and ventral view; 54, genitalia of male imago with focus on gonostyli; 55, the same, with focus on penis; 56, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 57–58, female imago in ventral and lateral view; 59, pterostigma of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736911/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638FCCFDB4D884FDC5" box="[928,954,594,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">99</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638FA8FDB7D8D4FDC5" box="[964,1002,593,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">136</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F98FDB7DF25FDC5" box="[1012,1051,593,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 156–168" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">166</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFD89DF73FD27" blockId="7.[151,1101,623,645]" box="[151,1101,623,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFD89DF73FD27" box="[151,1101,623,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFD89DF73FD27" box="[151,1101,623,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
81 (84)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFD89DBC6FD26" box="[227,248,623,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Spear-like rolls directed ventrally-proximally, with groove widely opened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638FBEFD89DF22FD26" box="[978,1052,623,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 38</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463884AFD89DF7FFD27" box="[1062,1089,623,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–63" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1219,1244]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,171,1193]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1437,166,1199]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 60–63. Thraulodes sinuosus. 60, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 61, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 62, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 63, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">60</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFD6ADEA3FD62" blockId="7.[151,1437,652,704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFD6ADEA3FD62" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFD6ADEA3FD62" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
82 (83)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFD6BDBC6FD00" box="[227,248,653,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Spear-like rolls S-shaped; dorsal extension of styliger wide and not separated from styliger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463881AFD6ADF82FD00" box="[1142,1212,652,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–63" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1219,1244]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,171,1193]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1437,166,1199]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 60–63. Thraulodes sinuosus. 60, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 61, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 62, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 63, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638EC0FD4FD980FD1C" bold="true" box="[684,702,681,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638EA8FD4FDEA3FD62" ID-CoL="56LL4" authority="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich 2011)" authorityName="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[708,1437,681,704]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638EA8FD4FDF2DFD1D" bold="true" box="[708,1043,681,703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638EA8FD4FD87DFD1C" bold="true" box="[708,835,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. sinuosus</emphasis>
|
||
Mariano & Flowers
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638856FD4FDEABFD62" author="Mariano, R. & Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G." box="[1082,1429,681,704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="387 - 393" refId="ref71295" refString="Mariano, R., Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G. (2011) Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie, 47, 387 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2011044" type="journal article" year="2011">Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" blockId="7.[151,1436,711,762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
83 (82)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFD21DBC6FD7E" box="[227,248,711,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Spear-like rolls very short, lanceolate; dorsal extension of styliger finger-like and separated from styliger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638891FD21DE55FD7F" box="[1277,1387,711,733]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 38, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388A6FD02DEA2FD5B" bold="true" box="[1226,1436,740,762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A8463888EFD02DE5FFD58" box="[1250,1377,740,762]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A8463888EFD02DE5FFD58" bold="true" box="[1250,1377,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. ludmilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9A8463890AFD02DEA2FD5B" box="[1382,1436,740,761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFCE4DE0BFCB5" blockId="7.[151,1333,769,792]" box="[151,1333,769,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFCE4DE0BFCB5" box="[151,1333,769,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFCE4DE0BFCB5" box="[151,1333,769,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
84 (81)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFCE4DBC6FCB5" box="[227,248,770,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Spear-like rolls directed medially (medially, medially-ventrally, or medially-dorsally) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463882EFCE7DFF6FCB5" box="[1090,1224,769,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 112–120</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A846388BEFCE7DFC6FCB5" box="[1234,1272,769,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 143–148" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,176,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,166,1760]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">145</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463896EFCE7DE17FCB5" box="[1282,1321,769,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–173" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1539,1564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,173,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,166,1520]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 169–173. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 169, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 170, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 171, apex of penis in dorsal view; 172, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva; 173, hind wing (169–171, 173, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736945/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">169</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFCF9DEA2FC96" blockId="7.[151,1436,799,821]" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFCF9DEA2FC96" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFCF9DEA2FC96" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
85 (86)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFCF9DBC6FC96" box="[227,248,799,820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis lobes narrowed apically (Gonçalves
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638EF6FCF9D9FBFC96" box="[666,709,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010: fig. 5).........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FD2FCF9DEA2FC96" authority="Goncalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2010" authorityName="Goncalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian" authorityYear="2010" box="[958,1436,799,821]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jones">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FD2FCF9DF28FC96" box="[958,1046,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. jones</emphasis>
|
||
Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFCDAD87BFCF0" blockId="7.[151,837,828,850]" box="[151,837,828,850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFCDAD87BFCF0" box="[151,837,828,850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFCDAD87BFCF0" box="[151,837,828,850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
86 (85)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFCDBDBC6FCF0" box="[227,248,829,850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis lobes not narrowed apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E3EFCDAD9E6FCF3" box="[594,728,828,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 112–120</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E8EFCDAD836FCF0" box="[738,776,828,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 143–148" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,176,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,166,1760]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">145</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F7EFCDAD807FCF0" box="[786,825,828,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–173" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1539,1564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,173,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,166,1520]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 169–173. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 169, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 170, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 171, apex of penis in dorsal view; 172, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva; 173, hind wing (169–171, 173, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736945/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">169</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFCBCD82CFCCD" blockId="7.[151,786,857,880]" box="[151,786,857,880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFCBCD82CFCCD" box="[151,786,857,880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFCBCD82CFCCD" box="[151,786,857,880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
87 (90)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFCBCDBC6FCCD" box="[227,248,858,879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal sterna II–VII with 2 or 3 pairs of dark dots.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFC91DEA2FC0B" blockId="7.[151,1436,887,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFC91DEA2FC0B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFC91DEA2FC0B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
88 (89)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFC91DBC6FC2E" box="[227,248,887,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis lobes long, equally narrow all over length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638EB5FC91D8F3FC2F" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[729,973,887,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 43)........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FF4FC72DE27FC08" authority="Traver & Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[920,1305,916,938]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FF4FC72DF1BFC08" box="[920,1061,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. itatiajanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638846FC73DE27FC08" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1066,1305,916,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A8463894BFC72DEAAFC0B" ID-CoL="648C7" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1319,1428,916,937]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A8463894BFC72DEAAFC0B" box="[1319,1428,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFC54DEA2FC65" blockId="7.[151,1436,945,968]" box="[151,1436,945,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFC54DEA2FC65" box="[151,1436,945,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFC54DEA2FC65" box="[151,1436,945,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
89 (88)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFC54DBC6FC65" box="[227,248,946,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis lobes short and greatly expanded laterally at apex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638F4FFC57D8F1FC65" author="Dominguez, E." box="[803,975,945,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7)...........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A846388F2FC57DEA2FC65" ID-CoL="56LK7" authority="Dominguez 1987" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[1182,1436,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flinti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388F2FC57DFCEFC64" box="[1182,1264,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. flinti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A8463889AFC57DEA2FC65" author="Dominguez, E." box="[1270,1436,945,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFC29D879FC47" blockId="7.[151,839,975,997]" box="[151,839,975,997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFC29D879FC47" box="[151,839,975,997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFC29D879FC47" box="[151,839,975,997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
90 (87)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFC29DBC6FC46" box="[227,248,975,996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal sterna II–VII with no more than one pair of dots.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFC0AD985FBA0" blockId="7.[151,699,1004,1026]" box="[151,699,1004,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFC0AD985FBA0" box="[151,699,1004,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFC0AD985FBA0" box="[151,699,1004,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
91 (94)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFC0BDBC6FBA0" box="[227,248,1005,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis without lateral pouches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E45FC0AD98EFBA0" box="[553,688,1004,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 112–120</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFBECDEA2FB9E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1033,1085]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFBECDEA2FB9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFBECDEA2FB9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
92 (93)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C88FBECDBC7FBBD" box="[228,249,1034,1055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis lobes short and sharply widened apically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638EBEFBEFD8AAFBBD" author="Boldrini, R. & Dantas, H. A. T. P. & Lima, L. R. C." box="[722,916,1033,1055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="277 - 280" refId="ref68810" refString="Boldrini, R., Dantas, H. A. T. P. & Lima, L. R. C. (2018) New species and new record of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4527 (2), 277 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4527.2.8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Boldrini
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638F45FBECD86AFBBC" box="[809,852,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6–7). Abdominal terga II–VI with reddish brown band adjacent to posterior margin (ibid: figs 2–3)..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638F90FBC1DEA2FB9E" authority="Boldrini, Dantas & Lima 2018" authorityName="Boldrini, Dantas" authorityYear="2018" box="[1020,1436,1063,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rodrigoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638F90FBC1DF4EFB9E" box="[1020,1136,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. rodrigoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A8463881AFBC1DEA2FB9E" author="Boldrini, R. & Dantas, H. A. T. P. & Lima, L. R. C." box="[1142,1436,1063,1085]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="277 - 280" refId="ref68810" refString="Boldrini, R., Dantas, H. A. T. P. & Lima, L. R. C. (2018) New species and new record of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4527 (2), 277 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4527.2.8" type="journal article" year="2018">Boldrini, Dantas & Lima 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFBA2DEA2FBD4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1092,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFBA2DEA2FBD4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFBA2DEA2FBD4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
93 (92)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8DFBA3DBC8FBF8" box="[225,246,1093,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis lobes longer and slightly widened apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638EB9FBA2D862FBF8" box="[725,860,1092,1114]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 112–120</figureCitation>
|
||
).Abdominal terga II–VI without contrasting dark band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463891EFBA2DA21FBDA" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 97, 99</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FA8FB87DEA2FBD4" bold="true" box="[964,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FB0FB87DEA2FBD4" ID-CoL="56LL8" authority="Needham & Murphy 1924" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[988,1436,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FB0FB87DFB7FBD5" bold="true" box="[988,1161,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A846388FCFB84DEA2FBD4" author="Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E." box="[1168,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref71682" refString="Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E. (1924) Neotropical mayflies. Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, Entomological Series 4, 24, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1924">Needham & Murphy 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFB99D9A3FB37" blockId="7.[151,669,1151,1173]" box="[151,669,1151,1173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFB99D9A3FB37" box="[151,669,1151,1173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFB99D9A3FB37" box="[151,669,1151,1173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
94 (91)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFB99DBC6FB36" box="[227,248,1151,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Penis with lateral pouches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E66FB99D95EFB36" box="[522,608,1151,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 143–148" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,176,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,166,1760]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 144</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E06FB99D9AFFB37" box="[618,657,1151,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–173" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1539,1564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,173,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,166,1520]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 169–173. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 169, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 170, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 171, apex of penis in dorsal view; 172, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva; 173, hind wing (169–171, 173, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736945/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">171</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFB7ADF3BFB10" blockId="7.[151,1029,1180,1202]" box="[151,1029,1180,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFB7ADF3BFB10" box="[151,1029,1180,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFB7ADF3BFB10" box="[151,1029,1180,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
95 (101)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C83FB7BDA3AFB10" box="[239,260,1181,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Lateral pouches large, so that at midlength penis as wide or wider than at apex.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFB5FDEA2FB4E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1209,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFB5FDEA2FB4E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFB5FDEA2FB4E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
96 (97)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFB5CDBC6FB6D" box="[227,248,1210,1231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638F32FB5FDF27FB6D" author="Chacon, M. & Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E." box="[862,1049,1209,1231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="249 - 257" refId="ref68968" refString="Chacon, M. M, Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E. (1999) Three new species of Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Venezuela. Aquatic Insects, 21, 249 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 21.4.249.4504" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Chacon
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FC3FB5CD8E7FB6C" box="[943,985,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5)........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FA3FB31DEA2FB4E" ID-CoL="56LKR" authority="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999" authorityName="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez" authorityYear="1999" box="[975,1436,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucuy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FA3FB31DF0DFB4E" box="[975,1075,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. mucuy</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638855FB31DEA2FB4E" author="Chacon, M. & Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E." box="[1081,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="249 - 257" refId="ref68968" refString="Chacon, M. M, Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E. (1999) Three new species of Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Venezuela. Aquatic Insects, 21, 249 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 21.4.249.4504" type="journal article" year="1999">Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFB12D9E1FAA8" blockId="7.[151,735,1268,1290]" box="[151,735,1268,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFB12D9E1FAA8" box="[151,735,1268,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFB12D9E1FAA8" box="[151,735,1268,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
97 (96)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C8FFB13DBC6FAA8" box="[227,248,1269,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Dorsal margin of styliger with median projection.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFAF4DEA2FA85" blockId="7.[151,1436,1297,1320]" box="[151,1436,1297,1320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFAF4DEA2FA85" box="[151,1436,1297,1320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFAF4DEA2FA85" box="[151,1436,1297,1320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
98 (99, 100)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638D7FFAF4DA16FA85" box="[275,296,1298,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638F49FAF4DF20FA85" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[805,1054,1297,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 33)....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A846388CEFAF7DEA2FA85" ID-CoL="56LLC" authority="Edmunds 1950" authorityName="Edmunds" authorityYear="1950" box="[1186,1436,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388CEFAF7DE38FA84" box="[1186,1286,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. ulmeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638960FAF7DEA2FA85" author="Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1292,1436,1297,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="551 - 554" refId="ref69521" refString="Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1950) Notes on Neotropical Ephemeroptera. I. New and little known Leptophlebiidae. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 21, 551 - 554." type="journal article" year="1950">Edmunds 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFAC9DEA2FAC3" blockId="7.[151,1436,1327,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFAC9DEA2FAC3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFAC9DEA2FAC3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
99 (98, 100)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638D7FFAC9DA16FAE6" box="[275,296,1327,1348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638F49FAC9D8D3FAE6" author="Mariano, R. & Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G." box="[805,1005,1327,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="387 - 393" refId="ref71295" refString="Mariano, R., Flowers, R. W. & Froehlich, C. G. (2011) Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie, 47, 387 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2011044" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mariano
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638F10FAC9D899FAE6" box="[892,935,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 14–15)................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638EACFAAADEA2FAC3" ID-CoL="56LKX" authority="Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich)" box="[704,1436,1356,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638EACFAAAD87FFAC3" box="[704,833,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. pelicanus</emphasis>
|
||
Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich) 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFA8CDEA2FA3E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1385,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFA8CDEA2FA3E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFA8CDEA2FA3E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
100 (98, 99)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638D7FFA8FDA1DFADD" box="[275,291,1385,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
:Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638F4CFA8FD8C0FADD" author="Goncalves, I. G. & Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L." box="[800,1022,1385,1407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref70011" refString="Goncalves, I. G., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2013) Thraulodes bonito sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3669 (2), 153 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 3669.2.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Gonçalves
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FE0FA8CD888FADC" box="[908,950,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 4–6).....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FDFFA61DEA2FA3E" authority="Goncalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2013" authorityName="Goncalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian" authorityYear="2013" box="[947,1436,1415,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FDFFA61DF2BFA3E" box="[947,1045,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. bonito</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638870FA61DEA2FA3E" author="Goncalves, I. G. & Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L." box="[1052,1436,1415,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref70011" refString="Goncalves, I. G., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2013) Thraulodes bonito sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3669 (2), 153 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 3669.2.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFA42DFABFA18" blockId="7.[151,1173,1444,1466]" box="[151,1173,1444,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFA42DFABFA18" box="[151,1173,1444,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFA42DFABFA18" box="[151,1173,1444,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
101 (95)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C83FA43DA3AFA18" box="[239,260,1445,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Lateral pouches small, so that at midlength penis much narrower than at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463886EFA42DF66FA1B" box="[1026,1112,1444,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 143–148" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,176,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,166,1760]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 144</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463880EFA42DFB7FA18" box="[1122,1161,1444,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–173" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1539,1564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,173,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,166,1520]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 169–173. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 169, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 170, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 171, apex of penis in dorsal view; 172, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva; 173, hind wing (169–171, 173, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736945/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">171</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFA24DEA2FA75" blockId="7.[151,1436,1473,1496]" box="[151,1436,1473,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFA24DEA2FA75" box="[151,1436,1473,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFA24DEA2FA75" box="[151,1436,1473,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
102 (103)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C97FA24DA2EFA75" box="[251,272,1474,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal terga VIII–X dark reddish brown, tergum VII lighter........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A846388C4FA27DEA2FA75" ID-CoL="56LJY" authority="Traver 1946" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1946" box="[1192,1436,1473,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388C4FA27DE1CFA74" box="[1192,1314,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. centralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A8463894BFA24DEA2FA75" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1319,1436,1473,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="418 - 436" refId="ref72450" refString="Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436." type="journal article" year="1946">Traver 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFA39D898FA57" blockId="7.[151,934,1503,1525]" box="[151,934,1503,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFA39D898FA57" box="[151,934,1503,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFA39D898FA57" box="[151,934,1503,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
103 (102)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C97FA39DA2EFA56" box="[251,272,1503,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Abdominal tergum VII not lighter than tergum VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F7FFA39D857FA57" box="[787,873,1503,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 136</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638F1FFA39D8A4FA57" box="[883,922,1503,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 156–168" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">166</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBFA1ADEA2F98D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1532,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBFA1ADEA2F98D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBFA1ADEA2F98D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
104 (105, 110) Fore femur, besides dark band in distal half, with dark band in proximal half...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638F24F9FFDF06F98D" authority="Banks 1918" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1918" box="[840,1080,1561,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trijuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638F24F9FFD8FFF98D" box="[840,961,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. trijuncta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638FAAF9FFDF06F98D" author="Banks, N." box="[966,1080,1561,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref68642" refString="Banks, N. (1918) New neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 62 (1), 1 - 22, pls. 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28704" type="journal article" year="1918">Banks 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A8463880BF9FFDEA2F98D" authority="Dominguez 1986" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1986" box="[1127,1436,1561,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A8463880BF9FFDFCEF98C" box="[1127,1264,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. bolivianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A8463889AF9FFDEA2F98D" author="Dominguez, E." box="[1270,1436,1561,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="149 - 153" refId="ref69183" refString="Dominguez, E. (1986) Thraulodes bolivianus, una nueva especie de la familia Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) de Bolivia. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 38, 149 - 153." type="journal article" year="1986">Dominguez 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF9D1DFE5F9EF" blockId="7.[151,1243,1591,1613]" box="[151,1243,1591,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF9D1DFE5F9EF" box="[151,1243,1591,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF9D1DFE5F9EF" box="[151,1243,1591,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
105 (104, 110) Fore femur, besides dark band in distal half, with small dark spot in proximal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A8463882BF9D1DFA0F9EE" box="[1095,1182,1591,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 134</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A846388C4F9D1DFF1F9EF" box="[1192,1231,1591,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 156–168" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">160</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF9B2DEA2F9CB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1620,1642]" box="[151,1436,1620,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF9B2DEA2F9CB" box="[151,1436,1620,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF9B2DEA2F9CB" box="[151,1436,1620,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
106 (107)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C97F9B3DA2EF9C8" box="[251,272,1621,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Pronotum grayish-brown with white spots......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638FD2F9B2DEA2F9CB" ID-CoL="56LKB" authority="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999" authorityName="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez" authorityYear="1999" box="[958,1436,1620,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638FD2F9B2DF0DF9C8" box="[958,1075,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. guanare</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A84638855F9B2DEA2F9CB" author="Chacon, M. & Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E." box="[1081,1436,1620,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="249 - 257" refId="ref68968" refString="Chacon, M. M, Segnini, S. & Dominguez, E. (1999) Three new species of Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Venezuela. Aquatic Insects, 21, 249 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 21.4.249.4504" type="journal article" year="1999">Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF994D9BAF925" blockId="7.[151,644,1649,1671]" box="[151,644,1649,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF994D9BAF925" box="[151,644,1649,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF994D9BAF925" box="[151,644,1649,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
107 (106)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF9A84638C97F994DA2EF925" box="[251,272,1650,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
: Pronotum white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638DADF997D979F925" box="[449,583,1649,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 134, 136</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E3DF997D946F925" box="[593,632,1649,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 156–168" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">157</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF969DEA2F906" blockId="7.[151,1436,1678,1701]" box="[151,1436,1678,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF969DEA2F906" box="[151,1436,1678,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF969DEA2F906" box="[151,1436,1678,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
108 (109) Macula on costal brace not continuous posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E84F969D84EF907" box="[744,880,1679,1701]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 134–136</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638846F969DF42F907" box="[1066,1148,1679,1701]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
|
||
)...
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388C7F969DEA2F906" bold="true" box="[1195,1436,1678,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A846388AFF968DE5EF906" box="[1219,1376,1678,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388AFF968DE5EF906" bold="true" box="[1219,1376,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9A8463890AF969DEA2F906" box="[1382,1436,1679,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF94ADEA2F963" blockId="7.[151,1436,1708,1730]" box="[151,1436,1708,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF94ADEA2F963" box="[151,1436,1708,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF94ADEA2F963" box="[151,1436,1708,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
109 (108) Macula on costal brace continuous posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638EAFF94AD875F960" box="[707,843,1708,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 156–168" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 157–159</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638862F94ADF61F960" box="[1038,1119,1708,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 156–168" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,166,1879]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 159</figureCitation>
|
||
).......
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388AAF94ADEA2F963" bold="true" box="[1222,1436,1708,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A846388B2F94ADE5FF963" box="[1246,1377,1708,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viviparus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388B2F94ADE5FF963" bold="true" box="[1246,1377,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. viviparus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9A8463890AF94ADEA2F963" box="[1382,1436,1708,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF92CDEA2F97D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1737,1759]" box="[151,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF92CDEA2F97D" box="[151,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF92CDEA2F97D" box="[151,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
110 (104, 105) Fore femur without dark marking in proximal half.........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A8463882FF92FDEA2F97D" authority="Campos & Mariano 2019" authorityName="Campos & Mariano" authorityYear="2019" box="[1091,1436,1737,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A8463882FF92FDF9FF97C" box="[1091,1185,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Th. calori</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9A846388C4F92CDEA2F97D" author="Campos, R. & Mariano, R." box="[1192,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref68915" refString="Campos, R. & Mariano, R. (2019) New species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4565 (2), 213 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4565.2.5" type="journal article" year="2019">Campos & Mariano 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2B12F5BFF9A84638CFBF8D4D804F801" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="key">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9A84638CFBF8D4D94FF8EF" box="[151,625,1842,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF8D4D94FF8EF" blockId="7.[151,625,1842,1869]" box="[151,625,1842,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<heading id="D0C981DCFF9A84638CFBF8D4D94FF8EF" bold="true" box="[151,625,1842,1869]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638CFBF8D4D94FF8EF" bold="true" box="[151,625,1842,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Key to examined larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A84638D8AF8D4D94FF8EF" ID-CoL="648C7" ID-ENA="309571" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[486,625,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A84638D8AF8D4D94FF8EF" bold="true" box="[486,625,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9A84638CFBF896D804F801" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF896D804F801" blockId="7.[151,1436,1904,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF896D804F801" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF896D804F801" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
1 (8) Labrum with sharp median emargination (in anterior-dorsal view), anterior transverse row of setae in median part irregular, with many setae in section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638DD1F86BD97DF801" box="[445,579,1933,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–197" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736951/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 190–197</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E21F868D94DF801" box="[589,627,1934,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 208–231" captionStartId="62.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736959/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">209</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E11F86BD9EDF801" box="[637,723,1933,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 389–395" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1669,1694]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,184,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 389–395. Thraulodes spangleri, labrum. 389–391, one specimen: 389, general view with focus on dorsal side and posterior transverse setal row; 390, focus on ventral side and denticles; 391, outline of denticles separated by four sensilla (shown as dots). 392–395, another specimen: 392, focus on dorsal side and posterior setal row; 393, focus on anterior transverse setal row (transformed to field of irregularly situated setae); 394, focus on denticles and tips of irregularly situated setae of the anterior row; 395, outlines of vestigial denticles separated by incisions and two sensilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737005/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">389–395</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638EB1F86BD80DF801" box="[733,819,1933,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 650–653" captionStartId="135.[151,264,1222,1247]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,589,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@135.[151,1435,589,1202]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="FIGURES 650–653. Thraulodes sp. «Itaya», labrum. 650, general view; 651, focus on ventral side and six sensilla (shown by arrows); 652, with focus on anterior transverse setal row (transformed to field of irregularly situated setae); 653, with focus on posterior transverse setal row." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737064/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">650–653</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF84DDEA2F862" blockId="7.[151,1436,1904,2014]" box="[151,1436,1962,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF84DDEA2F862" box="[151,1436,1962,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF84DDEA2F862" box="[151,1436,1962,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
2 (3) Cuticular coloration: tibiae banded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9A84638E4AF84DD992F863" box="[550,684,1963,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 637–649" captionStartId="134.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@134.[151,1436,196,1765]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURES 637–649. Thraulodes sp. «Itaya», larva. 637, tergalius III; 638–645, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 638, part of head with labrum; 639–640, left and right mandibles; 641, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 642–644, fore, middle and hind legs; 645, abdominal terga and sterna; 646, anterior side of hind femur; 647, anterior side of fore tibia; 648, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 649, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737062/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 642–644</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388FDF84DDEA2F862" bold="true" box="[1169,1436,1962,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
20.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9A846388D9F84CDE18F862" ID-CoL="648C7" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1205,1318,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9A846388D9F84CDE18F862" bold="true" box="[1205,1318,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. «Itaya»
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9A84638CFBF82ED914F87C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1904,2014]" box="[151,554,1992,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF9A84638CFBF82ED914F87C" box="[151,554,1992,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF9A84638CFBF82ED914F87C" box="[151,554,1992,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3 (2) Cuticular coloration: tibiae unicolor.</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFF7CDF20FF6F" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFF7CDF20FF6F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFF7CDF20FF6F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
4 (7) Cuticular coloration: pronotum with blanks of characteristic composite form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FA6FF7FDF6BFF0D" box="[970,1109,153,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–189" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736947/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 175, 185</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C880DFF7CDFD3FF12" box="[1121,1261,154,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 208–231" captionStartId="62.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736959/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">214, 218, 227</figureCitation>
|
||
); abdominal terga IV–V, or at least tergum V contrastingly light medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E97FF51D8BFFF6F" box="[763,897,183,205]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–189" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736947/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 177, 185</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FE7FF51DF2DFF6F" box="[907,1043,183,205]" captionStart="FIGURES 208–231" captionStartId="62.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736959/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">215, 219, 227</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFF32DEA3FF48" blockId="8.[151,1437,212,234]" box="[151,1437,212,234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFF32DEA3FF48" box="[151,1437,212,234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFF32DEA3FF48" box="[151,1437,212,234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
5 (6) Tergalii with tracheal branches by sides of main trachea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E83FF32D84AFF48" box="[751,884,212,234]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–189" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736947/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 178–184</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8896FF32DEA3FF48" bold="true" box="[1274,1437,212,234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C897EFF32DEA3FF48" ID-CoL="56LL3" authorityName="": Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1298,1437,212,234]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C897EFF32DEA3FF48" bold="true" box="[1298,1437,212,234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. schlingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFF17DEA2FEA4" blockId="8.[151,1436,241,263]" box="[151,1436,241,263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFF17DEA2FEA4" box="[151,1436,241,263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFF17DEA2FEA4" box="[151,1436,241,263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
6 (5) Tergalii without tracheal branches by sides of main trachea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F61FF17D8ADFEA5" box="[781,915,241,263]" captionStart="FIGURES 208–231" captionStartId="62.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736959/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 220–226</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88D9FF14DEA2FEA4" bold="true" box="[1205,1436,241,263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88A1FF17DEA2FEA4" ID-CoL="56LKP" authorityName="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez" authorityYear="1999" box="[1229,1436,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marreroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88A1FF17DEA2FEA4" bold="true" box="[1229,1436,241,263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thraulodes marreroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFEE9DEA2FEE0" blockId="8.[151,1437,271,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFEE9DEA2FEE0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFEE9DEA2FEE0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
7 (4) Cuticular coloration: pronotum without contrasting blanks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F78FEE9D854FE87" box="[788,874,271,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–388" captionStartId="91.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURES 379–388. Thraulodes spangleri. 379–383, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 379–381, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 382, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 383, abdominal terga and sterna; 384, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 385, tergalius; 386, larval fore tibia with subimaginal tibia inside and hypodermal dark brown markings; 387, anterior side of larval hind femur; 388, anterior side of larval hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737003/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 382</figureCitation>
|
||
); abdominal terga without large blanks mediad of tergalii bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D4FFECADA4BFEE0" box="[291,373,300,322]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–388" captionStartId="91.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURES 379–388. Thraulodes spangleri. 379–383, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 379–381, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 382, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 383, abdominal terga and sterna; 384, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 385, tergalius; 386, larval fore tibia with subimaginal tibia inside and hypodermal dark brown markings; 387, anterior side of larval hind femur; 388, anterior side of larval hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737003/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 383</figureCitation>
|
||
).........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8898FECADEA2FEE0" bold="true" box="[1268,1436,300,322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8974FECADEA2FEE0" ID-CoL="56LL5" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1304,1436,300,322]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spangleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8974FECADEA2FEE0" bold="true" box="[1304,1436,300,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. spangleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFEACDE61FEFD" blockId="8.[151,1375,329,352]" box="[151,1375,329,352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFEACDE61FEFD" box="[151,1375,329,352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFEACDE61FEFD" box="[151,1375,329,352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
8 (1) Labrum without median emargination, anterior transverse row of setae regular, with one seta in section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88D8FEAFDE1CFEFD" box="[1204,1314,329,351]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 86–88</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8940FEAFDE6AFEFD" box="[1324,1364,329,351]" captionStart="FIGURES 563–568" captionStartId="122.[151,264,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@122.[151,1436,198,1782]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURES 563–568. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 563, labrum; 564–565 and 566–567, male imaginal genitalia of two different specimens; 568, fragment of imaginal caudalius (563, 566–568, holotype).Abbreviations: anter.r., anterior transverse setal row; poster.r., posterior transverse setal row; other arrow show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737046/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">563</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFE81DEA2FE3B" blockId="8.[151,1436,359,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFE81DEA2FE3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFE81DEA2FE3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
9 (10) Cuticular coloration: tibiae contrastingly banded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8ED0FE81D878FEDF" box="[700,838,359,381]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 548–550</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergalius with main trachea arched anteriorly (i.e. repeating outline of anal margin), with branches directed toward costal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FEDFE62DF33FE38" box="[897,1037,388,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 551–557</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C887BFE62DF52FE38" box="[1047,1132,388,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 578–588" captionStartId="124.[151,264,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@124.[151,1436,249,1757]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURES 578–588. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 578, hind wing; 579, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 580, dorsal margin of styliger and penis of another specimen; 581, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 582, penis in lateral view; 583, posterior margin of IX sternum of female larva; 584, the same of male larva with protogonostyli and protopenis; 585–588, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (578, 580–581, 584–588, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737050/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">585–588</figureCitation>
|
||
).....
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88DAFE62DEA2FE3B" bold="true" box="[1206,1436,388,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88B6FE62DE5FFE38" box="[1242,1377,388,410]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88B6FE62DE5FFE38" bold="true" box="[1242,1377,388,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFE62DEA2FE3B" box="[1382,1436,388,409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFE44D99CFE77" blockId="8.[151,1436,417,469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFE44D99CFE77" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFE44D99CFE77" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
10 (9) Cuticular coloration: tibiae unicolor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E29FE47D9BCFE1A" box="[581,642,417,440]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergalius with main trachea either straight, or arched posteriorly, with branches either directed toward both margins, or absent.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFE3ADFCAFE50" blockId="8.[151,1268,476,498]" box="[151,1268,476,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFE3ADFCAFE50" box="[151,1268,476,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFE3ADFCAFE50" box="[151,1268,476,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
11 (14) Cuticular coloration: pronotum entirely light, anterior part of mesonotum contrastingly dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C880DFE3ADFA1FE53" box="[1121,1183,476,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88C6FE3ADFFAFE50" box="[1194,1220,476,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88A2FE3ADFD7FE50" box="[1230,1257,476,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">70</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFE1CDEA2FD8E" blockId="8.[151,1436,505,557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFE1CDEA2FD8E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFE1CDEA2FD8E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
12 (13) Tergalii narrow, without tracheal branches by sides of main trachea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FEEFE1FD8F7FDB2" box="[898,969,505,528]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). On hind tibia stout setae of inner-anterior row variable, long and short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8DBEFDF1D929FD8F" box="[466,535,535,557]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
).........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88A6FDF1DEA2FD8E" bold="true" box="[1226,1436,534,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C888EFDF0DE5FFD8E" box="[1250,1377,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C888EFDF0DE5FFD8E" bold="true" box="[1250,1377,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. ludmilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFDF1DEA2FD8E" box="[1382,1436,535,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFDD2DEA3FDCA" blockId="8.[151,1437,564,616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFDD2DEA3FDCA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFDD2DEA3FDCA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
13 (12) Tergalii wide, with tracheal branches by sides of main trachea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F2AFDD2D88DFDE8" box="[838,947,564,586]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 90–93</figureCitation>
|
||
). On hind tibia all stout setae of inner-anterior row short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D73FDB7DA5BFDC5" box="[287,357,593,615]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88F0FDB7DE5FFDC5" bold="true" box="[1180,1377,593,615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88D8FDB7DE5FFDC5" ID-CoL="56LL8" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[1204,1377,593,615]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88D8FDB7DE5FFDC5" bold="true" box="[1204,1377,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(part)
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFD89D898FD26" blockId="8.[151,934,623,645]" box="[151,934,623,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFD89D898FD26" box="[151,934,623,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFD89D898FD26" box="[151,934,623,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14 (11) Cuticular coloration: pronotum not contrastingly lighter than mesonotum.</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFD6ADEA3FD1D" blockId="8.[151,1437,652,703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFD6ADEA3FD1D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFD6ADEA3FD1D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
15 (16, 17, 18, 19) Cuticular coloration: abdominal terga mostly light, with pair of large brown maculae on terga VI–VII and previous ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D77FD4FDA4FFD1D" box="[283,369,681,703]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 595</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D17FD4FDA9EFD1D" box="[379,416,681,703]" captionStart="FIGURES 603–612" captionStartId="130.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@129.[151,1436,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737056/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">603</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8966FD4FDEA3FD1D" bold="true" box="[1290,1437,681,703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
18.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8942FD4FDEA3FD1D" ID-CoL="56LKK" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1326,1437,681,703]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8942FD4FDEA3FD1D" bold="true" box="[1326,1437,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. lepidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" blockId="8.[151,1437,711,762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFD21DEA2FD5B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
16 (15, 17, 18, 19) Cuticular coloration: on each abdominal tergum area adjacent to anterior margin together with antero-median and sublateral areas brown, remainder part contrastingly light (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F78FD02D8F4FD58" box="[788,970,740,762]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 414, 419, 421</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C888CFD02DEA2FD5B" bold="true" box="[1248,1436,740,762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8968FD02DE5EFD5B" box="[1284,1376,740,762]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8968FD02DE5EFD5B" bold="true" box="[1284,1376,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFD02DEA2FD5B" box="[1382,1436,740,761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFCE4DEA2FC96" blockId="8.[151,1436,769,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFCE4DEA2FC96" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFCE4DEA2FC96" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
17 (15, 16, 18, 19) Cuticular coloration: abdominal terga I–VII contrastingly lighter than terga VIII–IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88ECFCE7DE08FCB5" box="[1152,1334,769,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 450–463" captionStartId="104.[151,264,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,166,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1429,166,1806]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURES 450–463. Larvae, presumably attributed to Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 450–455, parts of last instar larva at the same magnification: 450, fragment of head with labrum and mandibles; 451, pronotum and mesonotum; 452, hind leg; 453, abdominal terga; 454–455, tergalii IV–V; 456–458, exuviae of young larva at the same magnification: 456–457, fore and hind legs; 458, abdominal terga and sterna; 459, young larva with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal coloration; 460, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 461, anterior side of hind femur; 462, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 463, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737022/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 453, 458, 459</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................................................ presumably
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C881DFCF9DEA2FC96" bold="true" box="[1137,1436,798,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88F9FCF8DE5EFC96" box="[1173,1376,798,820]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrabdominalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88F9FCF8DE5EFC96" bold="true" box="[1173,1376,798,820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. nigrabdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFCF9DEA2FC96" box="[1382,1436,799,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFCDADEA3FCD2" blockId="8.[151,1437,828,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
18 (15, 16, 17, 19) Cuticular coloration: abdominal terga IV–V contrastingly lighter than terga VI–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8815FCDADFFAFCF0" box="[1145,1220,828,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88A2FCDADFD9FCF0" box="[1230,1255,828,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">81</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88F0FCBFDE5FFCCD" bold="true" box="[1180,1377,857,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88D8FCBFDE5FFCCD" ID-CoL="56LL8" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[1204,1377,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88D8FCBFDE5FFCCD" bold="true" box="[1204,1377,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(part
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C89FAFCBCDEA3FCD2" box="[1430,1437,858,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C89FAFCBCDEA3FCD2" box="[1430,1437,858,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">)</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFC91D996FC08" blockId="8.[151,1437,887,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFC91D996FC08" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFC91D996FC08" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
19 (15, 16, 17, 18) Cuticular coloration: all abdominal terga either uniformly dark with light lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88D8FC91DE36FC2F" box="[1204,1288,887,909]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 297</figureCitation>
|
||
), or some terga also with blanks medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D89FC72D952FC08" box="[485,620,916,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 151–155" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1474,1499]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,166,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,166,1455]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 151–155. Larva presumably attributed to Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 151, anterior side of hind tibia; 152, anterior side of hind femur; 153, tergalius VII; 154, general view; 155, abdominal terga spread on slide (with brown and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 154–155</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E19FC72D9A3FC08" box="[629,669,916,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–360" captionStartId="85.[151,264,1890,1915]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURES 350–360. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 350–356, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 350, abdominal terga; 351– 353, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 354, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 355–356, fore and hind legs; 357, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 358, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 359, anterior side of fore femur; 360, anterior side of fore tibia (350–356, 359–360, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736993/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">350</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFC54DEA2FC65" blockId="8.[151,1436,945,968]" box="[151,1436,945,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFC54DEA2FC65" box="[151,1436,945,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFC54DEA2FC65" box="[151,1436,945,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
20 (21) Proximal part of fore tibia with inner-anterior row of recurved hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F15FC57D8C0FC65" box="[889,1022,945,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 621–622</figureCitation>
|
||
).......
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8808FC57DEA2FC65" bold="true" box="[1124,1436,945,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
19.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88E4FC57DFC7FC65" ID-CoL="648C7" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1160,1273,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88E4FC57DFC7FC65" bold="true" box="[1160,1273,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. «Palo Seco»
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFC29D9CAFC47" blockId="8.[151,756,975,997]" box="[151,756,975,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFC29D9CAFC47" box="[151,756,975,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFC29D9CAFC47" box="[151,756,975,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21 (20) Fore tibia without inner-anterior row of recurved hairs.</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFC0ADEA2FBA3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1004,1026]" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFC0ADEA2FBA3" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFC0ADEA2FBA3" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
22 (23) Tergalii darkened near costal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E22FC0AD99EFBA0" box="[590,672,1004,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 151–155" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1474,1499]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,166,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,166,1455]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 151–155. Larva presumably attributed to Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 151, anterior side of hind tibia; 152, anterior side of hind femur; 153, tergalius VII; 154, general view; 155, abdominal terga spread on slide (with brown and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 153</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................... presumably
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88AAFC0ADEA2FBA3" bold="true" box="[1222,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88B2FC0ADE5FFBA3" box="[1246,1377,1004,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viviparus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88B2FC0ADE5FFBA3" bold="true" box="[1246,1377,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. viviparus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFC0ADEA2FBA3" box="[1382,1436,1004,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFBECDF5CFBBD" blockId="8.[151,1122,1033,1056]" box="[151,1122,1033,1056]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFBECDF5CFBBD" box="[151,1122,1033,1056]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFBECDF5CFBBD" box="[151,1122,1033,1056]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
23 (22) Tergalii either evenly colored (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E66FBEFD960FB82" box="[522,606,1033,1056]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
|
||
), or darkened near main trachea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FF2FBEFD8CBFBBD" box="[926,1013,1033,1055]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 291</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F93FBEFDF1BFBBD" box="[1023,1061,1033,1055]" captionStart="FIGURES 361–364" captionStartId="86.[151,264,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,166,1820]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">361</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8843FBEFDF69FBBD" box="[1071,1111,1033,1055]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–388" captionStartId="91.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURES 379–388. Thraulodes spangleri. 379–383, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 379–381, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 382, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 383, abdominal terga and sterna; 384, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 385, tergalius; 386, larval fore tibia with subimaginal tibia inside and hypodermal dark brown markings; 387, anterior side of larval hind femur; 388, anterior side of larval hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737003/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">385</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFBC1DE67FB9F" blockId="8.[151,1369,1063,1085]" box="[151,1369,1063,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFBC1DE67FB9F" box="[151,1369,1063,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFBC1DE67FB9F" box="[151,1369,1063,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
24 (35) Tergalii without visible side tracheae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E3DFBC1D996FB9E" box="[593,680,1063,1085]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 129</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8EDEFBC1D9E9FB9F" box="[690,727,1063,1085]" captionStart="FIGURES 361–364" captionStartId="86.[151,264,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,166,1820]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">361</figureCitation>
|
||
) or with one proximal-costal trachea on ventral lamella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8896FBC1DE73FB9F" box="[1274,1357,1063,1085]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 291</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFBA2DF26FBF8" blockId="8.[151,1048,1092,1114]" box="[151,1048,1092,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFBA2DF26FBF8" box="[151,1048,1092,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFBA2DF26FBF8" box="[151,1048,1092,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
25 (28) On hind tibia stout setae of inner-anterior row variable, long and short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FFDFBA2D8E5FBF8" box="[913,987,1092,1114]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–51" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1783,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,166,1763]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 42–51. Thraulodes sinuosus, larval exuviae (42–47 at the same magnification): 42–44, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 45, abdominal terga; 46, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 47, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 48, tergalii V–VI; 49, anterior side of hind femur; 50, anterior side of fore tibia; 51, anterior side of hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 51</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F89FBA2DF33FBF8" box="[997,1037,1092,1114]" captionStart="FIGURES 250–259" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,798,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,798,1751]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 250–259. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 250–255, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 250–251, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 252, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 253–254, fore and hind legs; 255, abdominal terga; 256, anterior side of hind femur; 257, anterior side of fore tibia; 258, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 259, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736969/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">259</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFB87DEA3FBD5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1121,1144]" box="[151,1437,1121,1144]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFB87DEA3FBD5" box="[151,1437,1121,1144]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFB87DEA3FBD5" box="[151,1437,1121,1144]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
26 (27) On fore and middle legs claw with small denticles anteriad of main row of denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8879FB87DF59FBDA" box="[1045,1127,1121,1144]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 273</figureCitation>
|
||
).........
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88B6FB87DEA3FBD5" bold="true" box="[1242,1437,1121,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C889EFB87DEA3FBD5" ID-CoL="56LKZ" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[1266,1437,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C889EFB87DEA3FBD5" bold="true" box="[1266,1437,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFB99DEA2FB36" blockId="8.[151,1436,1150,1173]" box="[151,1436,1150,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFB99DEA2FB36" box="[151,1436,1150,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFB99DEA2FB36" box="[151,1436,1150,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
27 (26) On all legs claw without small denticles anteriad of main row of denticles (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F84FB99DF13FB37" box="[1000,1069,1151,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
).................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8969FB99DEA2FB36" bold="true" box="[1285,1436,1150,1172]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8971FB98DEA2FB36" ID-CoL="56LL4" authorityName="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[1309,1436,1150,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8971FB98DEA2FB36" bold="true" box="[1309,1436,1150,1172]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. sinuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFB7AD8D1FB10" blockId="8.[151,1007,1180,1202]" box="[151,1007,1180,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFB7AD8D1FB10" box="[151,1007,1180,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFB7AD8D1FB10" box="[151,1007,1180,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
28 (25) On hind tibia all stout setae of inner-anterior row short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E90FB7AD86DFB13" box="[764,851,1180,1202]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 132</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F31FB7AD8BDFB10" box="[861,899,1180,1202]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">296</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FE1FB7AD88DFB10" box="[909,947,1180,1202]" captionStart="FIGURES 317–336" captionStartId="80.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1960]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 317–336. Thraulodes zonalis. 317–331, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 332, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 333, anterior side of hind femur; 334, anterior side of fore tibia; 335, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 336, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736985/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">336</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FD1FB7AD8DBFB10" box="[957,997,1180,1202]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–360" captionStartId="85.[151,264,1890,1915]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURES 350–360. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 350–356, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 350, abdominal terga; 351– 353, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 354, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 355–356, fore and hind legs; 357, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 358, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 359, anterior side of fore femur; 360, anterior side of fore tibia (350–356, 359–360, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736993/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">358</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFB5CDEA2FB6D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1209,1232]" box="[151,1436,1209,1232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFB5CDEA2FB6D" box="[151,1436,1209,1232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFB5CDEA2FB6D" box="[151,1436,1209,1232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
29 (30) On femora and hind tibia short stout setae narrowed distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F43FB5FD88BFB6D" box="[815,949,1209,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–360" captionStartId="85.[151,264,1890,1915]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURES 350–360. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 350–356, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 350, abdominal terga; 351– 353, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 354, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 355–356, fore and hind legs; 357, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 358, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 359, anterior side of fore femur; 360, anterior side of fore tibia (350–356, 359–360, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736993/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 358, 359</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88B6FB5FDEA2FB6D" bold="true" box="[1242,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8890FB5FDE5EFB6D" box="[1276,1376,1209,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8890FB5FDE5EFB6D" bold="true" box="[1276,1376,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFB5CDEA2FB6D" box="[1382,1436,1210,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFB31DE22FB4F" blockId="8.[151,1308,1239,1261]" box="[151,1308,1239,1261]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFB31DE22FB4F" box="[151,1308,1239,1261]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFB31DE22FB4F" box="[151,1308,1239,1261]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
30 (29) On femora and hind tibia short stout setae parallel-sided or widened distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FA4FB31DF71FB4E" box="[968,1103,1239,1261]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 130, 132</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8835FB31DF91FB4F" box="[1113,1199,1239,1261]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">293, 296</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C88D5FB31DFE1FB4E" box="[1209,1247,1239,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 297–308" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,166,1646]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">303</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8885FB31DE2FFB4F" box="[1257,1297,1239,1261]" captionStart="FIGURES 317–336" captionStartId="80.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1960]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 317–336. Thraulodes zonalis. 317–331, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 332, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 333, anterior side of hind femur; 334, anterior side of fore tibia; 335, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 336, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736985/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">336</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFB12DEA2FAAB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1268,1290]" box="[151,1436,1268,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFB12DEA2FAAB" box="[151,1436,1268,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFB12DEA2FAAB" box="[151,1436,1268,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
31 (32) Tergalii with both lamellae narrow, without side tracheae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F7FFB12D85BFAA8" box="[787,869,1268,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88C7FB12DEA2FAAB" bold="true" box="[1195,1436,1268,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88AFFB12DE5EFAAB" box="[1219,1376,1268,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88AFFB12DE5EFAAB" bold="true" box="[1219,1376,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFB12DEA2FAAB" box="[1382,1436,1268,1289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFAF4DE5DFA8A" blockId="8.[151,1379,1297,1320]" box="[151,1379,1297,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFAF4DE5DFA8A" box="[151,1379,1297,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFAF4DE5DFA8A" box="[151,1379,1297,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
32 (31) Tergalii with ventral lamella widened proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8EAAFAF7D873FA85" box="[710,845,1297,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 284–290</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F3BFAF4D890FA8A" box="[855,942,1298,1320]" captionStart="FIGURES 317–336" captionStartId="80.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1960]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 317–336. Thraulodes zonalis. 317–331, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 332, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 333, anterior side of hind femur; 334, anterior side of fore tibia; 335, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 336, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736985/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">321–327</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes with one side trachea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8968FAF7DE66FA8A" box="[1284,1368,1297,1320]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 291</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFAC9DEA2FAE6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1326,1349]" box="[151,1436,1326,1349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFAC9DEA2FAE6" box="[151,1436,1326,1349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFAC9DEA2FAE6" box="[151,1436,1326,1349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
33 (34) Last instar male larva: protogonostyli very short, separated by shallow concavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8F94FAC9DF77FAE7" box="[1016,1097,1327,1349]" captionStart="FIGURES 209–314" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1566,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,173,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,166,1547]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736981/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 313</figureCitation>
|
||
).......
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88DCFAC9DEA2FAE6" bold="true" box="[1200,1436,1326,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88A4FAC8DE5EFAE6" box="[1224,1376,1326,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88A4FAC8DE5EFAE6" bold="true" box="[1224,1376,1326,1348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. fascipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AFAC9DEA2FAE6" box="[1382,1436,1327,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFAAADEA2FAC0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1356,1378]" box="[151,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFAAADEA2FAC0" box="[151,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFAAADEA2FAC0" box="[151,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
34 (33) Last instar male larva: protogonostyli long, separated by deep emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8FA9FAAADF29FAC0" box="[965,1047,1356,1378]" captionStart="FIGURES 346–347" captionStartId="82.[151,264,1009,1034]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,331,987]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[151,1436,327,989]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 346–347. Thraulodes zonalis. 346, larval protogonostyli and protopenis in dorsal view with developing subimaginal gonostyli and penis; 347, optic section of through protopenis with developing penis. Abbreviations: gd, larval cuticle of gonoduct; tp, subimaginal telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 346</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8967FAAADEA2FAC0" bold="true" box="[1291,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8943FAAADEA2FAC0" ID-CoL="56LLH" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1327,1436,1356,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8943FAAADEA2FAC0" bold="true" box="[1327,1436,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. zonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFA8FD816FA22" blockId="8.[151,808,1385,1408]" box="[151,808,1385,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFA8FD816FA22" box="[151,808,1385,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFA8FD816FA22" box="[151,808,1385,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
35 (24) Tergalii with well-visible side tracheae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E08FA8FD9EDFADD" box="[612,723,1385,1407]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 66–68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8EB1FA8CD823FA22" box="[733,797,1386,1408]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">90–93</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFA61DEA2FA1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1415,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFA61DEA2FA1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFA61DEA2FA1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
36 (37) Tergalii very wide; dorsal lamella with costal and anal margins equally convex in proximal and distal parts, abruptly narrowed toward slender apical filament (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8E7EFA42D9A6FA18" box="[530,664,1444,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 666–672" captionStartId="137.[151,264,1971,1996]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1417,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@137.[151,1435,1417,1951]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURES 666–672. Thraulodes? consortis, tergalii I–VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737068/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 666–672</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8889FA42DEA2FA1B" bold="true" box="[1253,1436,1444,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
21.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8965FA42DE15FA18" bold="true" box="[1289,1323,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C892FFA42DEA2FA1B" ID-CoL="56LK3" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[1347,1436,1444,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consortis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C892FFA42DEA2FA1B" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,1444,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">consortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFA24D90BFA57" blockId="8.[151,1437,1473,1525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFA24D90BFA57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFA24D90BFA57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
37 (36) Tergalii less wide; dorsal lamella widest in proximal or middle part, gradually narrowed toward slender apical filament (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C891EFA27DA1EFA57" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 66–68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D46FA39DA56FA56" box="[298,360,1503,1524]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">90–93</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8D1EFA39DAF6FA57" box="[370,456,1503,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 498–507" captionStartId="111.[151,264,1685,1710]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,225,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@111.[151,1436,212,1639]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURES 498–507. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 498, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 499, subimaginal styliger and gonostyli extracted from larva; 500–501, subimaginal penis inside larval protopenis in ventral and dorsal view; 502, larval protogonostyli with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at earlier stage of development; 503–506, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (498–501, 503–506, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737032/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">503–506</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF95846C8DBEFA39D914FA57" box="[466,554,1503,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 532–540" captionStartId="116.[151,264,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,206,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@116.[151,1436,196,1879]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="FIGURES 532–540. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 532, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 533, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 534, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 535, apex of penis on dorsal view; 536, hind wing; 537–540, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (532–536, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737040/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">537–540</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBFA1ADEA2F98D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1532,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBFA1ADEA2F98D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBFA1ADEA2F98D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
38 (39) In last instar larva hypoderm of tibiae more or less darkened with brown or blackish.......................................................................................... 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8FCDF9FCDF50F98D" bold="true" box="[929,1134,1561,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8FD5F9FFDF0FF98C" box="[953,1073,1561,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8FD5F9FFDF0FF98C" bold="true" box="[953,1073,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C885BF9FCDF50F98D" box="[1079,1134,1562,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88F0F9FFDEA2F98D" bold="true" box="[1180,1436,1561,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88ACF9FFDE5EF98D" box="[1216,1376,1561,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrotibialis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88ACF9FFDE5EF98D" bold="true" box="[1216,1376,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. nigrotibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF95846C890AF9FCDEA2F98D" box="[1382,1436,1562,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBF9D1DEA3F9C8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1591,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30CF9585FF95846C8CFBF9D1DEA3F9C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30CA2E15FF95846C8CFBF9D1DEA3F9C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
39 (38) Tibia never darker than femur (in mature larva only apex of tibia with dark hypodermal coloration)....................................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88F0F9B2DE5FF9C8" bold="true" box="[1180,1377,1620,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88D8F9B2DE5FF9C8" ID-CoL="56LL8" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[1204,1377,1620,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88D8F9B2DE5FF9C8" bold="true" box="[1204,1377,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(part)
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF95846A8CFBF95BD8A9F87D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBF95BDAA6F975" blockId="8.[151,408,1725,1751]" box="[151,408,1725,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8CFBF95BDAA6F975" bold="true" box="[151,408,1725,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morphological notes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBF8E3DE61F8C5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1797,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF95846C8CFBF8E3DAEAF882" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[151,468,1797,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a detailed review of imaginal, larval and egg structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C88F2F8E3DE20F8BD" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1182,1310,1797,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C88F2F8E3DE20F8BD" box="[1182,1310,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noted significance of certain morphological features for diagnoses of species and discussed individual variability. The new data confirm most statements given in this publication, but some additions and clarifications should be made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846C8CFBF873DA76F80D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1940,2039]" box="[151,328,1940,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8CFBF873DA76F80D" bold="true" box="[151,328,1940,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Larval habitus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF95846D8CABF85FD902FE29" blockId="8.[151,1436,1940,2039]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
In all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF95846C8D17F85FDAC5F871" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[379,507,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF95846C8D17F85FDAC5F871" box="[379,507,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae have a similar body shape, which is widened and flattened dorsoventrally, an adaptation for inhabiting stone surfaces in rapidly running water. The head is wide, with the clypeus parallel-sided or slightly widened anteriorly, with labrum wider than clypeus. The pronotum is nearly rectangular, with rounded antero-lateral angles and a free anterior margin (i.e. transverse margin between antero-lateral angles and the neck membrane); a transverse ridge runs parallel to the free anterior margin;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8FD9FF07DF62FF59" bold="true" box="[949,1116,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">humeral setae</emphasis>
|
||
(which are characteristic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8CFBFEE3DA71FE82" box="[151,335,261,288]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are stout and located between the free anterior margin and the ridge, being absent in other places; these setae are narrowed distally, either pointed or blunt, either forming a nearly regular row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF94846D88D1FECFDE2EFEE1" box="[1213,1296,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), or situated rather irregularly (the same in many other Atalophlebolinguata). Legs are large, with widened femora and claws bent perpendicular to the leg flatness.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF94846D8CFBFE5EDAB6FE71" blockId="9.[151,1437,440,1187]" box="[151,392,440,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8CFBFE5EDAB6FE71" bold="true" box="[151,392,440,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Structure of labrum</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF94846D8CABFE3BD9CFFC21" blockId="9.[151,1437,440,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8CABFE3BDA5CFE55" author="Peters, W. L." box="[199,354,477,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="33 - 41" refId="ref71916" refString="Peters, W. L. (1980) Phylogeny of the Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera): an introduction. In: Flannagan, J. F. & Marshall, K. E. (Eds.), Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology. Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Ephemeroptera, Winnipeg, Canada, 4 - 10 July 1979. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 33 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 3066 - 0 _ 3" type="proceedings paper" year="1980">Peters (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divided
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8DA0FE3BD9BCFE55" box="[460,642,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
into two subfamilies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8FE1FE3BDF7DFE55" authorityName="sensu Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[909,1091,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptophlebiinae">Leptophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D88EDFE3BDE09FE55" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[1153,1335,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Atalophlebiinae">Atalophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, each of which he regarded to be holophyletic.Among autapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8F00FDE7DF1CFDB9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[876,1058,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Atalophlebiinae">Atalophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he reported the following character: «Anteromedian emargination of labrum with denticles or with acute median cleft ...», contrary to the plesiomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8C84FDAFDAA0FDC1" authorityName="sensu Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[232,414,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptophlebiinae">Leptophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
«Anteromedian emargination of labrum smooth, without denticles ...» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D88A5FDAFDE6DFDC1" author="Peters, W. L." box="[1225,1363,585,611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="33 - 41" refId="ref71916" refString="Peters, W. L. (1980) Phylogeny of the Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera): an introduction. In: Flannagan, J. F. & Marshall, K. E. (Eds.), Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology. Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Ephemeroptera, Winnipeg, Canada, 4 - 10 July 1979. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 33 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 3066 - 0 _ 3" type="proceedings paper" year="1980">Peters 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC030BFF94846D8932FDAFDB9AFD25" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,244,548,575]" captionTargetBox="[163,1376,591,1285]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Inequality of larval legs in Thraulodes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). According to my opinion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8D8EFD8BD955FD25" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[482,619,621,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), his subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8F70FD8BD8ECFD25" authorityName="sensu Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[796,978,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptophlebiinae">Leptophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic, and his subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8939FD8BDA32FD09" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Atalophlebiinae">Atalophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is really holophyletic and corresponds to the rank-free taxon Atalophleboculata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D88F0FD77DE1BFD09" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1180,1317,657,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8D24FD53DAC5FD6D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[328,507,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Atalophlebiinae">Atalophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
cited above, seems to be not a good autapomorphy of this taxon. Denticles reported here, are convexities separated by sensilla; these sensilla are found in various taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8838FD3FDE3CFD51" box="[1108,1282,729,755]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, usually are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B55FF94846D89E2FD3FDB93FCB5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
number and form a regular transverse row on the distal margin of labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF94846D8F80FD1BDF6FFCB5" box="[1004,1105,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1861,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1201,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,1201,1841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Median emargination of labrum: 1, Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton 1903; 2, Leptophlebia marginata (Linnaeus 1767); 3, Habroleptoides pontica Kluge 1994c; 4, Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis 1834). Arrows show six sensilla, which on Fig. 4 separate five marginal denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736897/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
); if surface between each two sensilla forms a convexity, labrum bears a row of 5 convexities, or denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF94846D8F9AFCC7DF05FC99" box="[1014,1083,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1861,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1201,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,1201,1841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Median emargination of labrum: 1, Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton 1903; 2, Leptophlebia marginata (Linnaeus 1767); 3, Habroleptoides pontica Kluge 1994c; 4, Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis 1834). Arrows show six sensilla, which on Fig. 4 separate five marginal denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736897/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because of this, 5 denticles in the median emargination of labrum are found not only among representatives of Atalophleboculata, but also among representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8D08FC8FD9D3FC21" authority="sensu Peters 1980" authorityName="sensu Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[356,749,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptophlebiinae">
|
||
Leptophlebiinae
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8E4DFC8CD961FC21" box="[545,607,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8E0BFC8FD9D3FC21" author="Peters, W. L." box="[615,749,873,899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="33 - 41" refId="ref71916" refString="Peters, W. L. (1980) Phylogeny of the Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera): an introduction. In: Flannagan, J. F. & Marshall, K. E. (Eds.), Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology. Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Ephemeroptera, Winnipeg, Canada, 4 - 10 July 1979. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 33 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 3066 - 0 _ 3" type="proceedings paper" year="1980">Peters 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF94846D8CABFC6BD85BFC69" blockId="9.[151,1437,440,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Initially for Atalophlebopectinata (the taxon comprising Atalophleboculata and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8807FC6BDE35FC0A" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1131,1291,909,936]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Habrophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Habrophlebia</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg1), labrum bears two transverse rows of setae—anterior and posterior ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF94846D8CABFC33D8A6FB01" blockId="9.[151,1437,440,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The larval head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8DCCFC33D91EFC4D" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[416,544,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8DCCFC33D91EFC4D" box="[416,544,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is prognathous, and labrum is normally directed anteriorly. In the normal condition, the initial anterior margin of labrum (which bears denticles) is turned ventrally, so that in dorsal view the anterior transverse setal row (or even the posterior setal row) appears located on anterior margin, and the initial anterior margin with denticles is hidden beneath the labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF94846D8F3CFBA7D898FBFE" box="[848,934,1089,1116]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this case shape and denticulation of the initial anterior margin can be visible in frontal view. In another condition of the same labrum, when it is swollen and straightened, its denticles can be visible in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF94846D8F64FB6FD8B4FB01" box="[776,906,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 87, 88</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF416638FF94846D8CFBF8A3DACDF804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736897/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,264,1861,1886]" targetBox="[151,1435,1201,1841]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF94846D8CFBF8A3DACDF804" blockId="9.[151,1437,1861,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8CFBF8A3DA02F8FC" bold="true" box="[151,316,1861,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
Median emargination of labrum: 1,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8EDEF8A3DF2AF8FC" authority="Eaton 1903" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1903" box="[690,1044,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Siphlonuridae" genus="Siphlonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8EDEF8A3D8AAF8FF" box="[690,916,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Siphlonurus aestivalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8FF7F8A0DF2AF8FC" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[923,1044,1862,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref69494" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1903) A new species of Ephemeridae from Norway. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 39, 30 - 31." type="journal article" year="1903">Eaton 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8856F8A3DBE8F820" authority="(Linnaeus 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8856F8A3DE0EF8FF" box="[1082,1328,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptophlebia marginata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8952F8A3DBF3F820" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="533 - 1327" refId="ref71135" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae. Tom. I. Pars II. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 795 pp. [pp. 533 - 1327]" type="book chapter" year="1767">Linnaeus 1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8C96F88FD949F820" authority="Kluge 1994 c" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1994" box="[250,631,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Habroleptoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pontica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8C96F88FDAD4F823" box="[250,490,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habroleptoides pontica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8D9DF88FD949F820" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[497,631,1897,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 43" refId="ref70605" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 c) Habrophlebiinae subfam. n. with description of a new species of Habroleptoides from Caucasus (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 3 (1), 35 - 43." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF94846D8EF0F88FD8C7F820" authority="(Curtis 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[668,1017,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Habrophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF94846D8EF0F88FD85BF820" box="[668,869,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habrophlebia fusca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF94846D8F18F88FD8CFF820" author="Curtis, J." box="[884,1009,1897,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="120 - 125" refId="ref69022" refString="Curtis, J. (1834) Descriptions of some nondescript British Species of May-flies of Anglers. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Series 3, 4 (20), 120 - 125. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443408648276" type="journal article" year="1834">Curtis 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrows show six sensilla, which on Fig. 4 separate five marginal denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CABFF7FDAB2FEBD" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In all examined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D9AFF7FD948FF11" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[502,630,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D9AFF7FD948FF11" box="[502,630,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the number of denticles is normally 5, but can be less in selected individuals. The posterior transverse setal row is always regular, nearly straight, located on the anterior part of labrum and occupies most of its width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8D90FF07D971FF59" box="[508,591,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior transverse setal row is often much shorter, either also regular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8CCCFEE3DBCDFEBD" box="[160,243,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
), or irregular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CBDFECFD952FD9D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8C9EFECFDAAEFEE1" authorityName="": Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[242,400,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8C9EFECFDAAEFEE1" box="[242,400,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. schlingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8DCDFECFD90CFEE1" authorityName="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez" authorityYear="1999" box="[417,562,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marreroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8DCDFECFD90CFEE1" box="[417,562,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. marreroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E2FFECFD9E5FEE1" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[579,731,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spangleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E2FFECFD9E5FEE1" box="[579,731,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. spangleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F7BFECFD802FEE1" box="[791,828,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. «Itaya» the labrum has narrow and deep median emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8D55FEABDAA4FEC5" box="[313,410,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–197" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736951/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 194</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 5 denticles are located in this emargination often in such a way that 3 of them are relatively narrow and form the bottom of the emargination, and 2 lateral denticles are wider and form lateral sides of the emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8D55FE73DAA1FE0D" box="[313,415,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–197" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736951/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 197</figureCitation>
|
||
). Since the emargination with its denticles is directed ventrally, in dorsal view the outline of the labrum appears as a shallow median concavity without denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8FFFFE5FD8CCFE71" box="[915,1010,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–197" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736951/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 191</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8F90FE5FDF14FE71" box="[1020,1066,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 208–231" captionStartId="62.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736959/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">208</figureCitation>
|
||
). In all these four species anterior transverse row of setae in its median part (i.e. just behind the median emargination) represents a field of irregularly situated setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8D51FDE7DAE3FDB9" box="[317,477,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–197" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[162,1425,166,1483]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736951/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 193, 195</figureCitation>
|
||
). The same median emargination is recently reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E880EFDE7DEA2FDB9" authorityName="Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2013" box="[1122,1436,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E880EFDE7DEA2FDB9" box="[1122,1436,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes sternimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8CFBFDC3DA71FD9D" author="Lima, L. R. C. & Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U." box="[151,335,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref71068" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. & Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF97846E8CFBFDC3DBECFD9D" box="[151,210,549,575]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8D31FDC3D95BFD9D" author="Nascimento, S. R. S. & Lima, L. R. C. & Azevedo, C. A. S." box="[349,613,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="286 - 290" refId="ref71488" refString="Nascimento, S. R. S., Lima, L. R. C. & Azevedo, C. A. S. (2019) Description of the nymph of Thraulodes sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro, 2013 (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Region of Brazil. Zootaxa, 4683 (2), 286 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4683.2.7" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Nascimento
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D80FDC0D923FD9D" box="[492,541,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CABFDAFD91DFC69" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In all other examined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E5DFDAFD98FFDC1" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[561,689,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E5DFDAFD98FFDC1" box="[561,689,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the labrum has no median emargination, all its 5 denticles are very wide and low, and anterior transverse row of setae is regular in all its parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8868FD8BDF64FD25" box="[1028,1114,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
); the initial anterior margin, which bears denticles, is either straight, or slightly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8F5DFD77D8BAFD09" box="[817,900,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
), or slightly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8810FD77DFE0FD09" box="[1148,1246,656,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 563–568" captionStartId="122.[151,264,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@122.[151,1436,198,1782]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURES 563–568. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 563, labrum; 564–565 and 566–567, male imaginal genitalia of two different specimens; 568, fragment of imaginal caudalius (563, 566–568, holotype).Abbreviations: anter.r., anterior transverse setal row; poster.r., posterior transverse setal row; other arrow show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737046/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 563</figureCitation>
|
||
). Possibly, width of the anterior setal row is species-specific: in the examined individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8F9EFD53DFBCFD6D" box="[1010,1154,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F9EFD53DFBCFD6D" box="[1010,1154,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. ludmilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88E6FD53DFF5FD6D" bold="true" box="[1162,1227,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E88E6FD53DFF5FD6D" box="[1162,1227,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E88B6FD53DE56FD6D" authorityName="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[1242,1384,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88B6FD53DE56FD6D" box="[1242,1384,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. sinuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8914FD53DA25FD51" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8914FD53DA25FD51" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D4FFD3FDA5DFD51" bold="true" box="[291,355,729,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8D4FFD3FDA5DFD51" box="[291,355,729,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8DF6FD3FD962FD51" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[410,604,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8DF6FD3FD962FD51" box="[410,604,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this row is about as wide as 3 denticles (among 5 existent ones), while in examined individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8DC2FD1BD966FCB5" box="[430,600,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8DC2FD1BD966FCB5" box="[430,600,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. fascipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E33FD1BD9A1FCB5" bold="true" box="[607,671,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8E33FD1BD9A1FCB5" box="[607,671,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8EC1FD1BD816FCB5" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[685,808,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8EC1FD1BD816FCB5" box="[685,808,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. zonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8F5BFD1BD898FCB5" box="[823,934,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F5BFD1BD898FCB5" box="[823,934,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8FC1FD1BD8D3FCB5" bold="true" box="[941,1005,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8FC1FD1BD8D3FCB5" box="[941,1005,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8F97FD1BDF5CFCB5" box="[1019,1122,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F97FD1BDF5CFCB5" box="[1019,1122,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8805FD1BDF97FCB5" bold="true" box="[1129,1193,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8805FD1BDF97FCB5" box="[1129,1193,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E88DBFD1BDEA2FCB5" box="[1207,1436,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrabdominalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88DBFD1BDEA2FCB5" box="[1207,1436,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. nigrabdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8CFBFCC7DBE9FC99" bold="true" box="[151,215,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8CFBFCC7DBE9FC99" box="[151,215,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8C88FCC7DA52FC99" box="[228,364,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8C88FCC7DA52FC99" box="[228,364,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D1FFCC7DA8CFC99" bold="true" box="[371,434,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8D1FFCC7DA8CFC99" box="[371,434,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8DACFCC7D94BFC99" box="[448,629,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrotibialis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8DACFCC7D94BFC99" box="[448,629,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. nigrotibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E10FCC7D982FC99" bold="true" box="[636,700,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF97846E8E10FCC7D982FC99" box="[636,700,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8EA5FCC7D846FC99" authority=", Th." authorityName="Th." box="[713,888,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8EA5FCC7D878FC99" box="[713,838,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. lepidus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F38FCC7D84CFC99" box="[852,882,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. «Palo Seco» and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8804FCC7DFC5FC99" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[1128,1275,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consortis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8804FCC7DFB8FC99" box="[1128,1158,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88F8FCC4DFC5FC99" box="[1172,1275,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">consortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?) this row is wider, being about as wide as all 5 denticles, or wider. Among examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8807FCA3DE11FCFD" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[1131,1327,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8807FCA3DE11FCFD" box="[1131,1327,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, width of the anterior setal row varies from width of 3 denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8F66FC8FD863FC21" box="[778,861,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
) to width of 5 denticles. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E88F6FC8FDE0AFC21" box="[1178,1332,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88F6FC8FDE0AFC21" box="[1178,1332,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. n., the anterior transverse setal row is wider than in all other examined species, being approximately as wide as the posterior transverse setal row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8DD8FC57D929FC69" box="[436,535,944,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 563–568" captionStartId="122.[151,264,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@122.[151,1436,198,1782]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURES 563–568. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 563, labrum; 564–565 and 566–567, male imaginal genitalia of two different specimens; 568, fragment of imaginal caudalius (563, 566–568, holotype).Abbreviations: anter.r., anterior transverse setal row; poster.r., posterior transverse setal row; other arrow show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737046/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 563</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CFBFC1EDA94FBB1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1016,1943]" box="[151,426,1016,1043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8CFBFC1EDA94FBB1" bold="true" box="[151,426,1016,1043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Structure of mandibles</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CABFBFBD8E2FB22" blockId="10.[151,1437,1016,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Mandibles have the outer margin either entirely convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8F26FBFBD8F3FB95" box="[842,973,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
), or with a shallow concavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8947FBFBDBFBFBF9" captionStart="FIGURES 250–259" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1770,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,798,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,798,1751]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 250–259. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 250–255, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 250–251, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 252, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 253–254, fore and hind legs; 255, abdominal terga; 256, anterior side of hind femur; 257, anterior side of fore tibia; 258, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 259, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736969/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 250– 251</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8C95FBA7DA47FBF9" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[249,377,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8C95FBA7DA47FBF9" box="[249,377,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. «Palo Seco» the outer margin of each mandible is widened and angulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8883FBA7DEAEFBF9" box="[1263,1424,1088,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 614–615</figureCitation>
|
||
); the same in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D72FB83DAA0FBDD" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[286,414,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D72FB83DAA0FBDD" box="[286,414,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF97846E8E65FB83D973FBDD" box="[521,589,1125,1151]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8E37FB83D846FBDD" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[603,888,1125,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 76).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CABFB6FDA02F889" blockId="10.[151,1437,1016,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D67FB6FDAB5FB01" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[267,395,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D67FB6FDAB5FB01" box="[267,395,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, outer margin of mandible bears long hairs, which are denser and longer nearer the base of incisor, i.e. form a
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D00FB4ADADEFB65" bold="true" box="[364,480,1196,1223]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">distal tuft</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E8D83FB4BD94FFB65" box="[495,625,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast to this, in many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8F97FB4BDF8FFB65" box="[1019,1201,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mandibles either have no long setae on outer margin, or have most long and dense setae at the middle of outer margin.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E894EFB37DA6DFAB2" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated, that «This series of hairs ... is so distinctive of this genus that we believe it to be of major importance in distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D8FFAFFD95DFA91" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[483,611,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D8FFAFFD95DFA91" box="[483,611,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nymphs from those of all other genera ...»; as genera whose mandibular setation has some similarity with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E03FADBD9D1FAF5" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[623,751,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E03FADBD9D1FAF5" box="[623,751,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they reported only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8FB6FADBDFE0FAF5" authority="Traver 1956" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1956" box="[986,1246,1340,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Ulmeritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8FB6FADBDF74FAF5" box="[986,1098,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ulmeritus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E883FFADBDFE0FAF5" author="Traver, J. R." box="[1107,1246,1340,1367]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref72483" refString="Traver, J. R. (1956) A new genus of Neotropical mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58 (1), 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1956">Traver 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with allied genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8CA4FA87D900FAD9" authority="Demoulin 1955 a" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[200,574,1376,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8CA4FA87DA47FAD9" box="[200,377,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Massartellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8DEEFA87D900FAD9" author="Demoulin, G." box="[386,574,1376,1403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref69072" refString="Demoulin, G. (1955 a) Ephemeropteres nouveaux ou rares de Chili. III. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 31 (73), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1955">Demoulin 1955a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E1AFA87DF21FAD9" authority="Peters & Edmunds 1972" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[630,1055,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E1AFA87D83AFAD9" box="[630,772,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8F60FA87DF21FAD9" author="Peters, W. L. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[780,1055,1377,1403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1398 - 1414" refId="ref72057" refString="Peters, W. L. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1972) A revision of the generic classification of certain Leptophlebiidae from southern South America (Ephemeroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 65 (6), 1398 - 1414. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 65.6.1398" type="journal article" year="1972">Peters & Edmunds 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(termed «Chilean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E889FFA87DE43FAD9" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1899" box="[1267,1405,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Deleatidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E889FFA87DE43FAD9" box="[1267,1405,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Deleatidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
»). Among species examined by me, many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E37FA63D82FFA3D" box="[603,785,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more or less long and dense setae on middle part of outer side of mandible, while the area near base of incisor completely lacks setae; in many cases setae form a distinct tuft at the middle of outer side of mandible, which can be called
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8FDAFA2ADF03FA45" bold="true" box="[950,1085,1484,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">middle tuft</emphasis>
|
||
. In fewer cases, mandible also has setae near the base of the incisor, which either form a weak row stretched from the middle tuft toward the base of incisor (e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D0BF9F3D926F98D" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[359,536,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D0BF9F3D926F98D" box="[359,536,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Massartellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E23F9F3D9E3F98D" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[591,733,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E23F9F3D9E3F98D" box="[591,733,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or form a second, distal tuft, e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E88EBF9F3DFC9F98D" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1956" box="[1159,1271,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Ulmeritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88EBF9F3DFC9F98D" box="[1159,1271,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ulmeritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8969F9F3DA0BF9F1" authority="Flowers 1980" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8969F9F3DEA2F98D" box="[1285,1436,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8CFBF9DFDA0BF9F1" author="Flowers, R. W." box="[151,309,1593,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="162 - 165" refId="ref69664" refString="Flowers, R. W. (1980) Atopophlebia fortunensis, a new genus and species from Panama (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera). Florida Entomologist, 63 (1), 162 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494670" type="journal article" year="1980">Flowers 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D2DF9DFD9B8F9F1" authority="Demoulin 1955 b" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[321,646,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Nathanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D2DF9DFDA83F9F1" box="[321,445,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nathanella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8DA9F9DFD9B8F9F1" author="Demoulin, G." box="[453,646,1592,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref69108" refString="Demoulin, G. (1955 b) Nathanella gen. nov., Lepthophlebiidae diptere de l'Inde (Ephemeroptera). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 31 (77), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1955">Demoulin 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8EFEF9DFDF24F9F1" authority="Grant & Peters 1993" authorityName="Grant & Peters" authorityYear="1993" box="[658,1050,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Nonnullidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8EFEF9DFD819F9F1" box="[658,807,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nonnullidens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8F5CF9DFDF24F9F1" author="Grant, P. M. & Peters, W. L." box="[816,1050,1593,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="131 - 168" refId="ref70116" refString="Grant, P. M. & Peters, W. L. (1993) Description of four new genera of Thraulus group mayflies from the Eastern Hemisphere and redescription of Simothraulus and Chiusanophlebia (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 119 (2), 131 - 168." type="journal article" year="1993">Grant & Peters 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8846F9DFDF8AF9F1" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1066,1204,1593,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="33 - 49" refId="ref70936" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2013) Mayflies of the genus Nonnullidens Grant & Peters 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa, 3722 (1), 33 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kluge 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8979F9DFDA8DF9D5" authority="Peters & Edmunds 1970" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Kimminsula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8979F9DFDEA2F9F1" box="[1301,1436,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kimminsula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8CFBF9BBDA8DF9D5" author="Peters, W. L. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[151,435,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="157 - 240" refId="ref72013" refString="Peters, W. L. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1970) Revision of the generic classification of the Eastern Hemisphere Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera). Pacific Insects, 12 (1), 157 - 240." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters & Edmunds 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, undescribed taxa related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8F6CF9BBD8B9F9D5" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" box="[768,903,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Kimminsula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F6CF9BBD8B9F9D5" box="[768,903,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kimminsula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and selected species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E88CFF9BBDEA6F9D5" authority="Eaton 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1187,1432,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E88CFF9BBDE36F9D5" box="[1187,1288,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E897EF9BBDEA6F9D5" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1298,1432,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="191 - 197" refId="ref69350" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 17, 191 - 197." type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8C9AF967DA48F939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[246,374,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8C9AF967DA48F939" box="[246,374,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in a few other taxa the middle tuft is poorly expressed or absent, while the distal tuft is present. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8D5BF943D967F91D" authority="Traver 1959" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1959" box="[311,601,1700,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Ulmeritoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8D5BF943DAF7F91D" box="[311,457,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ulmeritoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8DA3F943D967F91D" author="Traver, J. R." box="[463,601,1700,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref72521" refString="Traver, J. R. (1959) Uruguayan mayflies. Family Leptophlebiidae: Part I. Revista de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Entomologia, 3, 1 - 13, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1959">Traver 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E0FF943D8A8F91D" authority="Allen 1974" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[611,918,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neochoroterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E0FF943D82BF91D" box="[611,789,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Neochoroterpes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E8F75F943D8A8F91D" author="Allen, R. K." box="[793,918,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="161 - 168" refId="ref68530" refString="Allen, R. K. (1974) Neochoroterpes, a new subgenus of Choroterpes Eaton from North America (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 106 (2), 161 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 106161 - 2" type="journal article" year="1974">Allen 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8FA6F943DBF1F941" authority="Sivaramakrishnan 1984" authorityName="Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Petersula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="courtallensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8FA6F943DFF2F91D" box="[970,1228,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Petersula courtallensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF97846E88BEF943DBF1F941" author="Sivaramakrishnan, K. G." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="194 - 203" refId="ref72158" refString="Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (1984) A new genus and species of Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae from southern India (Ephemeroptera). International Journal of Entomology, 26 (3), 194 - 203." type="journal article" year="1984">Sivaramakrishnan 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(while an undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8E3BF92FD9FCF941" authorityName="Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="1984" box="[599,706,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Petersula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8E3BF92FD9FCF941" box="[599,706,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Petersula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has both tufts). Thus, presence of the distal tuft combined with absence of the middle tuft is a rare, but not a unique character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8F02F90BD8D0F8A5" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[878,1006,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8F02F90BD8D0F8A5" box="[878,1006,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; most probably, it is an autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8CDAF8F7DA08F889" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[182,310,1809,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8CDAF8F7DA08F889" box="[182,310,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF97846E8CABF8D3DE79F835" blockId="10.[151,1437,1016,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Incisors, kinetodontia, prosthecae and molae of mandibles have uniform structure in all examined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF97846E8CFBF8BFDA29F8D1" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,279,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF97846E8CFBF8BFDA29F8D1" box="[151,279,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being similar to that of many other Atalophlebomaxillata; both incisors and left kinetodontium are always terminated by 3 denticles each, right kinetodontium is always terminated by 2 denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF97846E88D4F89BDE04F835" box="[1208,1338,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CFBFF7EDAB6FF11" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,791]" box="[151,392,152,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8CFBFF7EDAB6FF11" bold="true" box="[151,392,152,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Structure of maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CABFF5BDA73FE71" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8DEFFF5AD93DFF74" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[387,515,188,214]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8DEFFF5AD93DFF74" box="[387,515,188,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the maxillae have a rather uniform structure, which is initial for the taxon Atalophlebomaxillata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8D3EFF06DAEAFF59" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[338,468,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8D8EFF06D957FF59" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[482,617,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="273 - 306" refId="ref70831" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2012) Contribution to the knowledge of Choroterpes (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (3), 273 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.3.04" type="journal article" year="2012">Kluge 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8E12FF06D9EFFF59" box="[638,721,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8F17FF07DF88FF59" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[891,1206,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, «The slightly undulating row of large pectinate spines below the level of the crown on the ventral surface varies in number of spines from about 14 to 26 or more, a feature that may be of specific value». Among the specimens examined, number of stout pectinate setae (erroneously termed «spines») in this apical-ventral row varies from 10 to 24; in most species it varies individually as 13–18; in two examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8F56FE96D8C4FE28" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[826,1018,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8F56FE96D8C4FE28" box="[826,1018,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is 11; in three examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8CDAFE72DA71FE0C" box="[182,335,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8CDAFE72DA71FE0C" box="[182,335,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8D3AFE73DAA8FE0D" bold="true" box="[342,406,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF96846F8D3AFE73DAA8FE0D" box="[342,406,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
it is 10; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8E7AFE72D943FE0C" box="[534,637,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8E7AFE72D943FE0C" box="[534,637,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Th. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8EE8FE73D9FAFE0D" bold="true" box="[644,708,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF96846F8EE8FE73D9FAFE0D" box="[644,708,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8E96FE72D8E1FE0C" box="[762,991,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrabdominalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8E96FE72D8E1FE0C" box="[762,991,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Th. nigrabdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8F8BFE73DF19FE0D" bold="true" box="[999,1063,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF96846F8F8BFE73DF19FE0D" box="[999,1063,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
it varies as 19–21; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8973FE72DEA2FE0C" box="[1311,1436,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8973FE72DEA2FE0C" box="[1311,1436,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Th. lepidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies as 23–24.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CABFE3BDE44FCB4" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8CABFE3BD93EFE55" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[199,512,476,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
paid attention to structure of the last (3rd) segment of maxillary palp, which has «a narrow clear area at base of the third segment on the outer side». Before this, some authors regarded this area to be an outgrowth of the 2nd segment:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8E77FDC3D9CEFD9D" author="Traver, J. R." box="[539,752,548,575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 759" refId="ref72370" refString="Traver, J. R. (1935) Part II. Systematic, p. 237 - 739. In: Needham, J. G., Traver. J. R. & Hsu, Y. - C. (Eds.), The biology of mayflies, with a systematic account North American species. Vol. 16. New York, Comstock Publ., pp. i-xvi + 1 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1935">Traver (1935: 552)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that «The outer apical margin of the second joint prolonged into a slender process which lies appressed against the side of the short third joint»;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F88FAFDAEDE6BFDC1" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1174,1365,584,611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref68880" refString="Burks, B. D. (1953) The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 26 (1), 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1953">Burks (1953: 93)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that «maxillary palp forceps-like at the apex». Actually, cuticle of the 3rd palpomere is pigmented on inner side and colorless on outer side of the palpomere; on dorsal side of the palpomere boundary between the pigmented and the colorless areas is sharp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8DCFFD52DAC7FD6D" box="[419,505,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8E68FD52D90FFD6D" box="[516,561,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 361–364" captionStartId="86.[151,264,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,166,1820]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736995/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">363</figureCitation>
|
||
), that makes illusion of a longitudinal line separating two lobes; on ventral side of the palpomere its pigmentation changes gradually (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8E9DFD3ED873FD51" box="[753,845,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 361–364" captionStartId="86.[151,264,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,166,1820]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736995/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 362</figureCitation>
|
||
). This coloration is present in most of examined species, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8D24FD1ADADFFCB4" box="[328,481,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8D24FD1ADADFFCB4" box="[328,481,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8D84FD1BD919FCB5" bold="true" box="[488,551,765,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF96846F8D84FD1BD919FCB5" box="[488,551,765,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, whose colorless area of the 3rd maxillary palpomere is greatly diminished.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CFBFCA2DABDFCFD" blockId="11.[151,1436,836,1295]" box="[151,387,836,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8CFBFCA2DABDFCFD" bold="true" box="[151,387,836,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Structure of labium</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CABFC8EDE43FB64" blockId="11.[151,1436,836,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The glossae lie in one plane with the paraglossae; long setae of their ventral side are situated densely and irregularly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8D60FC6ADA61FC05" box="[268,351,908,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
); long setae on the dorsal side of glossa form irregular row or stripe of a characteristic horseshoe shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8C8BFC56DA05FC69" box="[231,315,944,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
); the same was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8E1BFC56D830FC68" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[631,782,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8E1BFC56D830FC68" box="[631,782,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (in contrast to other taxa, whose dorsal setae of glossa are situated irregularly or form a transverse row). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8F31FC33DFA5FC4D" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[861,1179,980,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, «Glossae of labium ... straight on inner margins, well rounded on outer; rather long spines are present along apical margin; a curved row of short spines occurs on dorsal surface and close-set hairs on ventral surface». Actually, in all examined species setae (erroneously termed «spines») on the apical margin are either absent, or short and stout as on inner and outer margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8CB9FB82DA17FBDD" box="[213,297,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
); the illusion of long apical setae is sometimes caused by the ventral setae (close-set hairs), which can be projected apically. Setae forming an irregular horseshoe row on dorsal side are as long and thin as setae (hairs) on the ventral side; the illusion of «short spines» appears if these setae are directed perpendicular to the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CABFB37D9EDFAAD" blockId="11.[151,1436,836,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In all species examined, apical (3rd) segment of labial palp is short and conic, much narrower at base than apex of 2nd segment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF96846F8D3EFB13D950FAAC" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[338,622,1268,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 82).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CFBFADADAA7FAF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1340,2015]" box="[151,409,1340,1367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8CFBFADADAA7FAF5" bold="true" box="[151,409,1340,1367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Setation of larval legs</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CABFA87DAD3F9D4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In larvae of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8D1BFA86D90EFAD8" box="[375,560,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fore, middle and hind legs have significant differences in shape and setation (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC030BFF96846F8CF3FA62DBCBFA3D" box="[159,245,1412,1439]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,244,548,575]" captionTargetBox="[163,1376,591,1285]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Inequality of larval legs in Thraulodes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Most often and probably initially for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8EACFA62D848FA3C" box="[704,886,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the following differences: the fore femur is widened near the base (where the tibial adductor is attached), with outer margin convex basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F88B6FA4EDE21FA61" box="[1242,1311,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore tibia (which always lacks patella-tibial suture) has dense stout pointed setae on inner margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F881EFA2ADFFAFA45" box="[1138,1220,1484,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), while other tibiae have sparser and shorter pointed setae on inner margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8F6FFA16D8BAF9A9" box="[771,900,1520,1547]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 22, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind tibia has stout setae on outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8903FA16DB88F98D" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
), while other tibiae have no stout setae on outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8F4AF9F2D899F98D" box="[806,935,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Besides stout setae, outer margins of femur, tibia and tarsus of all legs usually bear more or less dense long, thin, projected hairs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F883FF9DEDFEDF9F0" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1107,1235,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F883FF9DEDFEDF9F0" box="[1107,1235,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the following modification of these features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF96846F8CABF966D8E2F91D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8CABF966DAE6F939" bold="true" box="[199,472,1664,1691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hairs of outer margin.</emphasis>
|
||
Long hairs form dense irregular rows or stripes not only on outer margins of femur, tibia and tarsus, but also on corresponding (hind) margin of coxa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8F10F942D8EEF91D" box="[892,976,1700,1727]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9684688CABF92EDFA0FE55" blockId="11.[151,1437,1340,2015]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,153,503]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8CABF92EDA9FF941" bold="true" box="[199,417,1736,1763]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Setation of femur.</emphasis>
|
||
Outer margin of each femur bears irregular
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8FCFF92FDFEEF941" bold="true" box="[931,1232,1736,1763]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">outer stripe of thin hairs</emphasis>
|
||
, bordered by two irregular stripes of stout setae—
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8E65F90AD980F8A5" bold="true" box="[521,702,1772,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">outer-posterior</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8E96F90AD89AF8A5" bold="true" box="[762,932,1772,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">outer-anterior</emphasis>
|
||
ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8F9FF90ADF77F8A5" box="[1011,1097,1772,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
). On all legs of all examined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF96846F8D7EF8F6DAACF888" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[274,402,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8D7EF8F6DAACF888" box="[274,402,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stout setae of these stripes irregularly vary from short to very long, with all intermediate forms; their structure and position did not reveal species-specific characters. Thin hairs of the outer stripe are denser and longer on fore and middle legs, but sparser and/or shorter on hind leg. In most species this difference between femora is well expressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F8DADF89AD939F835" box="[449,519,1916,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); in some species hairs of all femora are dense and long, but in these cases hairs of hind femur are at least somewhat shorter, than hairs on fore and middle femora (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F882EF846DF98F819" box="[1090,1190,1952,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 126</figureCitation>
|
||
). Besides the hairs on outer margin, femur can bear a
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF96846F8E6CF823D838F87D" bold="true" box="[512,774,1988,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">row of recurved hairs</emphasis>
|
||
on anterior surface near inner margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF96846F88AAF822DE14F87D" box="[1222,1322,1988,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 361–364" captionStartId="86.[151,264,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,166,1820]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736995/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 364</figureCitation>
|
||
); this row of recurved hairs is often present on middle and hind legs, being absent on the fore leg; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF91846888E2FF7FDFC2FF11" box="[1166,1276,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF91846888E2FF7FDFC2FF11" box="[1166,1276,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF918468896FFF7FDE7DFF11" bold="true" box="[1283,1347,153,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF918468896FFF7FDE7DFF11" box="[1283,1347,153,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF918468893DFF7FDE51FF11" box="[1361,1391,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. «Palo Seco» and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688D36FF5BDAD3FF75" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[346,493,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consortis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688D36FF5BDA46FF75" box="[346,376,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688DEAFF58DAD3FF75" box="[390,493,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">consortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?) the row of recurved hairs is well developed on all legs; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF91846888C7FF5BDE52FF75" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[1195,1388,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF91846888C7FF5BDE52FF75" box="[1195,1388,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688CFBFF07DA0EFF59" box="[151,304,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688CFBFF07DA0EFF59" box="[151,304,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the row of recurved hairs is absent on all legs. Inner margin of femur always bears an irregular
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688931FF06DBFBFEBD" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">inner row</emphasis>
|
||
of relatively short, stout pointed setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688EE9FEE3D9D6FE82" box="[645,744,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURES 361–364" captionStartId="86.[151,264,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,166,1820]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736995/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 364</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688E90FEE2D8FCFEBD" bold="true" box="[764,962,260,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anterior surface</emphasis>
|
||
of each femur bears numerous irregularly situated stout setae, which are arranged either irregularly, or form more or less distinct longitudinal stripes. The shape of these setae is species-specific: they can be either widened distally with rounded apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF91846888A4FEABDE12FEC5" box="[1224,1324,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 130</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF918468895BFEABDE5AFEC5" box="[1335,1380,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">293</figureCitation>
|
||
,), or parallel-sided (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688D2CFE97DAADFE29" box="[320,403,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), or narrowed distally with apices either truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688FA1FE97DF10FE29" box="[973,1070,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–360" captionStartId="85.[151,264,1890,1915]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[169,1419,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURES 350–360. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 350–356, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 350, abdominal terga; 351– 353, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 354, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 355–356, fore and hind legs; 357, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 358, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 359, anterior side of fore femur; 360, anterior side of fore tibia (350–356, 359–360, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736993/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 359</figureCitation>
|
||
) or pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF91846888ADFE97DE1BFE29" box="[1217,1317,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 560</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shape of these stout setae is the same on femora of all leg pairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688E92FE72D8F7FE0D" bold="true" box="[766,969,404,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Posterior surface</emphasis>
|
||
of hind femur bears a few small, pointed, curved, pectinate setae, which either form an irregular row parallel to inner margin of femur, or occupy up to half of posterior surface; femora of fore and middle legs usually have no setae on posterior surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" ID-Table-UUID="DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" box="[151,717,548,575]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,244,548,575]" targetBox="[163,1376,591,1285]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" blockId="12.[151,717,548,575]" box="[151,717,548,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading id="D0C981DCFF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" box="[151,717,548,575]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688CFBFDC2DA2FFD9D" bold="true" box="[151,273,548,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Inequality of larval legs in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688E29FDC3D9F3FD9D" box="[581,717,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688E29FDC3D9F6FD9D" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[581,712,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thraulodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9184688EC3FDA9DFF1FAA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<table id="F93EC410FF917B9B8CCFFDA9DE5EFAA7" box="[163,1376,591,1285]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFDA9DE5EFDC7" box="[163,1376,591,613]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FDA9D89AFDC7" box="[687,932,591,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688EC3FDA9D83CFDC6" bold="true" box="[687,770,591,612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fore leg</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FDA9DF43FDC7" box="[990,1149,591,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688FB2FDA9DF74FDC6" bold="true" box="[990,1098,591,613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Middle leg</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFDA9DE5EFDC7" box="[1217,1376,591,613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF91846888ADFDA9DE26FDC6" bold="true" box="[1217,1304,591,613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hind leg</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFD91DE5EFD2F" box="[163,1376,631,653]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFD91D90EFD2F" box="[215,560,631,653]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Size</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFD91DE5EFD2F" box="[1217,1376,631,653]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">longest</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFD78DE5EFD16" box="[163,1376,670,692]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFD78D90EFD16" box="[215,560,670,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Form</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FD78D89AFD16" box="[687,932,670,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">widest proximally</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FD78DF43FD16" box="[990,1149,670,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">widest at middle</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFD78DE5EFD16" box="[1217,1376,670,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">widest at middle</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFD2EDE5EFD7C" box="[163,1376,712,734]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFD2ED90EFD7C" box="[215,560,712,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Proximal blank</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FD2ED89AFD7C" box="[687,932,712,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FD2EDF43FD7C" box="[990,1149,712,734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFD2EDE5EFD7C" box="[1217,1376,712,734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFD16DE5EFCA4" box="[163,1376,752,774]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFD16D90EFCA4" box="[215,560,752,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer-anterior stripe of stout setae</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FD16D89AFCA4" box="[687,932,752,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FD16DF43FCA4" box="[990,1149,752,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFD16DE5EFCA4" box="[1217,1376,752,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFCF6DE5EFCF6" box="[163,1376,784,852]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CCFFCF6DB84FCF6" box="[163,186,784,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Femur</th>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFCF6D90EFCF6" box="[215,560,784,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer-posterior stripe of stout setae Outer stripe of thin hairs</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FCF6D89AFCF6" box="[687,932,784,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+ long, dense</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FCF6DF43FCF6" box="[990,1149,784,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+ long, dense</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFCF6DE5EFCF6" box="[1217,1376,784,852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+ shorter, sparser</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFC83DE5EFCDE" box="[163,1376,869,892]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFC83D90EFCDE" box="[215,560,869,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Row of recurved hairs</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FC83D89AFCDE" box="[687,932,869,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– (+)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FC83DF43FCDE" box="[990,1149,869,892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+ (–)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFC83DE5EFCDE" box="[1217,1376,869,892]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+ (–)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFC6BDE5EFC01" box="[163,1376,909,931]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFC6BD90EFC01" box="[215,560,909,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stout setae on inner margin</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FC6BD89AFC01" box="[687,932,909,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FC6BDF43FC01" box="[990,1149,909,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFC6BDE5EFC01" box="[1217,1376,909,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFC52DE5EFC68" box="[163,1376,948,970]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFC52D90EFC68" box="[215,560,948,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stout setae on anterior surface</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FC52D89AFC68" box="[687,932,948,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FC52DF43FC68" box="[990,1149,948,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFC52DE5EFC68" box="[1217,1376,948,970]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFC3DDE5EFC50" box="[163,1376,987,1010]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFC3DD90EFC50" box="[215,560,987,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Setae on posterior surface</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FC3DD89AFC50" box="[687,932,987,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– (+)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FC3DDF43FC50" box="[990,1149,987,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– (+)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFC3DDE5EFC50" box="[1217,1376,987,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFBE5DE5EFBBB" box="[163,1376,1027,1049]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFBE5D90EFBBB" box="[215,560,1027,1049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer-anterior row of stout setae</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FBE5D89AFBBB" box="[687,932,1027,1049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FBE5DF43FBBB" box="[990,1149,1027,1049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFBE5DE5EFBBB" box="[1217,1376,1027,1049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFBCCDE5EFBE2" box="[163,1376,1066,1088]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFBCCD90EFBE2" box="[215,560,1066,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer-posterior row of stout setae</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FBCCD89AFBE2" box="[687,932,1066,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FBCCDF43FBE2" box="[990,1149,1066,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFBCCDE5EFBE2" box="[1217,1376,1066,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFBB4DE5EFB3A" box="[163,1376,1106,1176]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CCFFBB4DB84FB3A" box="[163,186,1106,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tibia</th>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFBB4D90EFB3A" box="[215,560,1106,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Inner-anterior row of stout setae Inner field of stout pointed setae</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FBB4D89AFB3A" box="[687,932,1106,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">vestigial or absent dense, especially apically</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FBB4DF43FB3A" box="[990,1149,1106,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sparse sparse</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFBB4DE5EFB3A" box="[1217,1376,1106,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+ sparse</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFB46DE5EFB14" box="[163,1376,1184,1206]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFB46D90EFB14" box="[215,560,1184,1206]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Posterior pointed pectinate setae</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FB46D89AFB14" box="[687,932,1184,1206]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FB46DF43FB14" box="[990,1149,1184,1206]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFB46DE5EFB14" box="[1217,1376,1184,1206]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFB2EDE5EFB7C" box="[163,1376,1224,1246]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFB2ED90EFB7C" box="[215,560,1224,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer hairs</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FB2ED89AFB7C" box="[687,932,1224,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FB2EDF43FB7C" box="[990,1149,1224,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFB2EDE5EFB7C" box="[1217,1376,1224,1246]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350E34F2FF917B9B8CCFFB09DE5EFAA7" box="[163,1376,1263,1285]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8CBBFB09D90EFAA7" box="[215,560,1263,1285]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Inner-anterior row of recurved hairs</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8EC3FB09D89AFAA7" box="[687,932,1263,1285]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– (+)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B8FB2FB09DF43FAA7" box="[990,1149,1263,1285]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
<td id="76DF5D8EFF917B9B88ADFB09DE5EFAA7" box="[1217,1376,1263,1285]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9184698CABFABBDF58FE55" blockId="12.[151,1437,1373,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,504]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688CABFABBDAB0FADA" bold="true" box="[199,398,1373,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Setation of tibia.</emphasis>
|
||
Tibiae of fore, middle and hind legs have significantly different structures and bear the following rows and fields of stout setae and thin hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688E8DFA67DF55FA3E" bold="true" box="[737,1131,1409,1436]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer-anterior row of stout setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688816FA64DFEFFA3E" box="[1146,1233,1409,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF91846888B1FA64DFC3FA3E" box="[1245,1277,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">89</figureCitation>
|
||
: o-a.r): absent on fore and middle legs, well-developed on hind leg; consists of species-specific setae, often contains long spoonlike setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688D63FA2CDA4CFA46" box="[271,370,1481,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 510–521" captionStartId="114.[151,264,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@114.[151,1436,174,1838]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURES 510–521. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 510 and 511–517, larval exuviae of two specimens at the same magnification: 510 and 511–512, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 513, abdominal terga and sterna; 514–516, fore, middle and hind legs; 517, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 518, young larva with brown cuticle and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax and abdomen; 519, anterior side of hind femur; 520, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 521, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (511–517, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737036/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 520</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688DE8FA2FD829FA46" bold="true" box="[388,791,1481,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Outer-posterior row of stout setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688F49FA2CD842FA46" box="[805,892,1481,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688FEBFA2CD899FA46" box="[903,935,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">89</figureCitation>
|
||
: o-p.r): absent on fore and middle legs, welldeveloped on hind leg; consists of species-specific setae, can contain long spoon-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF91846888F3FA08DE3CF9AB" box="[1183,1282,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 426</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688978FA08DAA3F98E" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Inner-anterior row of stout setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688DC0F9F4D93DF98E" box="[428,515,1553,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688E63F9F4D911F98E" box="[527,559,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">89</figureCitation>
|
||
: i-a.r): on fore leg either absent (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688FD0F9F4DF52F98E" box="[956,1132,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688FD0F9F4DF52F98E" box="[956,1132,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF91846888E6F9F4DFD6F98E" box="[1162,1256,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
|
||
), or represented by few setae on proximal part of tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688E22F9D0D99CF9F2" box="[590,674,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
); on middle leg present all along tibia, but sparse and often consists of short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688D56F9BCDAB0F9D6" box="[314,398,1626,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
); on hind leg well-developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688E8CF9BCD80AF9D6" box="[736,820,1626,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
); consists of setae of species-specific shape, never contains spoon-like setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688DF8F998D82CF93A" bold="true" box="[404,786,1661,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Inner field of stout pointed setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688F4CF998D84AF93A" box="[800,884,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
: i.f): stretched all along inner side of tibia, always consists of pointed setae, which can be either smooth, or pectinate, or heavily dentate; on middle and hind legs these setae are always very small and sparse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688E30F920D9DEF942" box="[604,736,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 22, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
), on fore leg larger and dense, at least near apex of tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688903F920DB88F8A6" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Near the apex of fore tibia, the most posterior row of this field (i.e., inner-posterior row) always consists of 3–4 closely situated arched pointed setae, among which the most proximal seta is significantly larger than others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688903F8E8DBFBF8EE" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 559</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae of the inner field of fore tibia are either situated irregularly, or form more or less regular longitudinal rows; if setae of these rows differ in structure, setae of the most anterior row are pectinate or dentate, while others are smooth or less heavily pectinate. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688E27F89CD9DEF836" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[587,736,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spangleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688E27F89CD9DEF836" box="[587,736,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. spangleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
setae of this field are arranged in 2 regular rows with shortened curved pectinate setae in anterior row and long thin straight setae in posterior row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688820F878DF91F81B" box="[1100,1199,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–388" captionStartId="91.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[151,1436,726,1874]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURES 379–388. Thraulodes spangleri. 379–383, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 379–381, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 382, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 383, abdominal terga and sterna; 384, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 385, tergalius; 386, larval fore tibia with subimaginal tibia inside and hypodermal dark brown markings; 387, anterior side of larval hind femur; 388, anterior side of larval hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737003/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 386</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688888F878DE6AF81A" box="[1252,1364,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688888F878DE6AF81A" box="[1252,1364,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688930F878DEA3F81A" bold="true" box="[1372,1437,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9184688930F878DEA3F81A" box="[1372,1437,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
setae of this field are diminished (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9184688E79F824D946F87F" box="[533,632,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 630</figureCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688EC6F824D87DF87E" box="[682,835,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688EC6F824D87DF87E" box="[682,835,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688F26F824D8B4F87E" bold="true" box="[842,906,1986,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9184688F26F824D8B4F87E" box="[842,906,1986,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9184688FF4F824DF2BF87E" box="[920,1045,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688FF4F824DF2BF87E" box="[920,1045,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th. lepidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9184688820F824DF54F87E" box="[1100,1130,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Th</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. «Palo Seco», this field is vestigial, i.e. its setae are as small and sparse, as on middle and hind legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698F9CFF7FDF6BFF11" box="[1008,1109,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 558</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF908469880CFF7EDFB3FF11" box="[1120,1165,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">599</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF90846988F4FF7FDFF8FF16" box="[1176,1222,153,180]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">621</figureCitation>
|
||
); in all cases dense setae are retained near apex of fore tibia, and the subapical inner-posterior row of arched pointed setae is retained.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698CFBFF06D925FF59" bold="true" box="[151,539,224,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Posterior pointed pectinate setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698E46FF07D940FF59" box="[554,638,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
: p.r): present on hind tibia only; situated either irregularly, or forming a longitudinal row; on apex of hind tibia such setae are more dense and form a transverse row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF90846988DDFEE3DE3BFEBD" box="[1201,1285,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698975FEE2DBCAFEE1" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Outer field of hairs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698D69FECFDA65FEE1" box="[261,347,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
: o.h): these hairs (i.e. long and slender setae) are directed nearly perpendicular to tibia surface; present on tibiae of all legs; on hind tibia these hairs are irregularly situated between the outer-anterior and the outerposterior rows of stout setae and form a row posteriad of the outer-posterior row of stout setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF90846988D7FE96DA5BFE0D" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Inner-anterior row of recurved hairs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698D18FE73DAF6FE0D" box="[372,456,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
: i-a.h): located on anterior side of tibia, more distally from inner margin than the inneranterior row of stout setae; on fore leg either absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698E86FE5FD803FE71" box="[746,829,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), or present on proximal part of tibia (in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698966FE5FDE16FE71" box="[1290,1320,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Th</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. «Palo Seco»—
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698C96FE3BDA67FE5A" box="[250,345,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 622</figureCitation>
|
||
); on middle and hind legs always present all along tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698FBBFE3BDF67FE55" box="[983,1113,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 22, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CFBFDC3DA0EFD9D" blockId="13.[151,1437,549,1513]" box="[151,304,549,575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698CFBFDC3DA0EFD9D" bold="true" box="[151,304,549,575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Larval claws</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CABFDAFD979FBC9" blockId="13.[151,1437,549,1513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
In connection with adaptation for inhabiting stone surfaces in rapidly running water, claws are bent perpendicular to the leg flatness, so that when legs are spread, and body and legs are pressed to substrate, claws are directed toward the substrate and have good adhesion with it (a similar form of body and legs evolved independently in various other rheophilous mayfly taxa). In accordance with this, in all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698FBCFD57DF6EFD69" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[976,1104,689,715]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698FBCFD57DF6EFD69" box="[976,1104,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the claw is distinctly divided into the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698C9FFD35DAB3FD4C" bold="true" box="[243,397,723,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">rigid portion</emphasis>
|
||
(main part of the claw), and the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698E91FD35D8D2FD4C" bold="true" box="[765,1004,723,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">articulatory portion</emphasis>
|
||
, located between the rigid portion and the unguitractor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698D36FD10DA90FCB3" box="[346,430,758,785]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
). On its morphologically posterior side (functionally ventral side) the articulatory portion is membranous, and serves rotation of the claw perpendicular to the leg flatness. In various mayfly larvae, which have such or similar rotation mechanism of claw and a row of denticles on inner side of the claw, these denticles are either present on the rigid portion only, or are equally developed on both portions forming an integral row, or have significantly different shapes and sizes on these two portions. In all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF908469886BFC67DFB9FC39" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1031,1159,897,923]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF908469886BFC67DFB9FC39" box="[1031,1159,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one longitudinal row of stout denticles is present on inner side of the rigid portion of claw; the articulatory portion of claw often (but not always) bears a longitudinal row of minute, pointed denticles, which are significantly smaller than denticles of the rigid portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698D5AFC0FDAB0FBA1" box="[310,398,1001,1027]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 69</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698DF0FC0FDAF7FBA1" box="[412,457,1001,1027]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">411</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9084698DB1FC0FD866FBA1" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[477,856,1000,1027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967: 357)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the denticles of rigid portion as «variable number of large tooth» and the denticles of articulatory portion as «several smaller ones nearer the base». Denticles of articulatory portion are often very small, and the most proximal of them are often fused together, so that their number cannot be adequately counted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CABFB92DFB5FB54" blockId="13.[151,1437,549,1513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
In majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698D04FB92DAD6FB2C" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[360,488,1140,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698D04FB92DAD6FB2C" box="[360,488,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the number of denticles of the rigid portion varies between 5 and 10; usually (but not always) the proximal denticles are smaller and the distal ones are larger; the most distal denticle may or may not be larger than all others; it is located either on the same line as others, or offset from this line; all these characters are not species-specific, but vary individually and on different legs of the same individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CABFB18DF70FA99" blockId="13.[151,1437,549,1513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Some species have significantly diminished number of denticles of the rigid portion:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B55FF90846988F4FB1BDFDFFABA" box="[1176,1249,1277,1304]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698886FB18DE6CFABA" box="[1258,1362,1278,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698886FB18DE6CFABA" box="[1258,1362,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Th. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698937FB18DEA3FABA" bold="true" box="[1371,1437,1278,1304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9084698937FB18DEA3FABA" box="[1371,1437,1278,1304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698CCCFAC7DA3FFA99" box="[160,257,1313,1339]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 411</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B55FF9084698D78FAC7DA65FA99" box="[276,347,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698D0EFAC7D978FA99" box="[354,582,1313,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrabdominalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698D0EFAC7D978FA99" box="[354,582,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Th. nigrabdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698E22FAC7D9B3FA99" bold="true" box="[590,653,1313,1339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9084698E22FAC7D9B3FA99" box="[590,653,1313,1339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and constantly
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B55FF9084698F51FAC7D856FA99" box="[829,872,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698F03FAC7DF36FA99" box="[879,1032,1313,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698F03FAC7DF36FA99" box="[879,1032,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698862FAC7DF70FA99" bold="true" box="[1038,1102,1313,1339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF9084698862FAC7DF70FA99" box="[1038,1102,1313,1339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CABFAA2D86BFA4B" blockId="13.[151,1437,549,1513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9084698CABFAA2DAE7FAFC" author="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C." box="[199,473,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="413 - 433" refId="ref68582" refString="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C. (1978) Generic revisions of mayfly nymphs: II. Thraulodes in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 110 (14), 413 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 110413 - 4" type="journal article" year="1978">Allen and Brusca (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the character «median denticle largest» as a species-specific character for the Mexican species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698D3AFA80DAE8FA22" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[342,470,1382,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698D3AFA80DAE8FA22" box="[342,470,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. G and figured a claw which has several small denticles between the largest denticle and the claw apex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9084698D03FA6FD95AFA01" author="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C." box="[367,612,1417,1443]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="413 - 433" refId="ref68582" refString="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C. (1978) Generic revisions of mayfly nymphs: II. Thraulodes in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 110 (14), 413 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 110413 - 4" type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Brusca 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 16). Among species examined, the same is found on fore and middle legs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698C84FA4ADA96FA64" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[232,424,1452,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698C84FA4ADA96FA64" box="[232,424,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698DDBFA4AD926FA64" box="[439,536,1452,1478]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 273</figureCitation>
|
||
), while hind legs of the same individuals have claws of a usual structure, without small denticles between the largest denticle and the claw apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CFBF9F3DA56F98D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1556,2016]" box="[151,360,1556,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698CFBF9F3DA56F98D" bold="true" box="[151,360,1556,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Larval coloration</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CABF9DFDF76F91D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1556,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">The authors, who described larval coloration, did not differentiate between cuticular and hypodermal color patterns. Such descriptions of coloration have no taxonomic significance, because during individual development cuticular coloration becomes more intensive from beginning of each instar to the end of instar, while hypodermal coloration passes from instar to instar and is gradually changed from larva to imago.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9084698CABF92ED993F8ED" blockId="13.[151,1437,1556,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698CABF92ED9BBF941" bold="true" box="[199,645,1736,1763]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cuticular coloration of larval thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
In those cases when the cuticle of pronotum is intensively pigmented, its lateral margin is more or less contrastingly colorless (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698F70F90BD848F8A5" box="[796,886,1772,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–85" captionStartId="36.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1986]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736919/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 75</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cuticle of the rest surface of the pronotum and mesonotum can have darker and lighter areas, some of which are connected with muscle attachment; in various species these areas are either contrasting or not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF90846A8CABF8BFD8DAFF75" blockId="13.[151,1437,1556,2016]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Among features of the cuticular coloration,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF9084698EC1F8BFD8D8F8D6" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[685,998,1881,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
paid special attention to «the U-shaped mark on the mesonotal scutum, 1 arm of the U on each side of the mid-dorsal line, the 2 arms uniting near the posterior portion of the scutum» and noted that «in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF9084698EC1F847D813F819" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[685,813,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF9084698EC1F847D813F819" box="[685,813,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this U-figure ... is usually more prominent than in other related genera, but is not distinct in all specimens». This is cuticular coloration; the pair of light stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF9084698979F823DEABF842" box="[1301,1429,1989,2016]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 66–67</figureCitation>
|
||
) separate the area of attachment of the median longitudinal muscles from the areas of attachment of other muscles and correspond to the pair of medioparapsidal sutures of the winged stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF93846A8CABFF07D895FEE1" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
In various species, cuticle of fore protoptera is either nearly uniformly pigmented, or has veins darker than background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8D41FEE3DAACFEBD" box="[301,402,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–189" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736947/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 175</figureCitation>
|
||
), or has veins lighter than background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8F0DFEE3D899FEBD" box="[865,935,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); in contrast to hypodermal coloration, this cuticular coloration does not depend upon stage of wing development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF93846A8CABFEABD959FDB9" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CABFEABD994FEC5" bold="true" box="[199,682,332,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hypodermal coloration of larval thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
The larval pronotum either has no hypodermal markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A892CFEABDB88FE2E" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 66, 68</figureCitation>
|
||
), or has blackish stripes bordering colorless lateral margins (see above) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8F93FE97DF59FE29" box="[1023,1127,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 317–336" captionStartId="80.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1960]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 317–336. Thraulodes zonalis. 317–331, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 332, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 333, anterior side of hind femur; 334, anterior side of fore tibia; 335, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 336, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736985/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 332</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8818FE96DF9FFE29" box="[1140,1185,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 510–521" captionStartId="114.[151,264,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@114.[151,1436,174,1838]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURES 510–521. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 510 and 511–517, larval exuviae of two specimens at the same magnification: 510 and 511–512, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 513, abdominal terga and sterna; 514–516, fore, middle and hind legs; 517, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 518, young larva with brown cuticle and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax and abdomen; 519, anterior side of hind femur; 520, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 521, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (511–517, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">518</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A88C3FE97DFE2FE2E" box="[1199,1244,369,396]" captionStart="FIGURES 603–612" captionStartId="130.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@129.[151,1436,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737056/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">603</figureCitation>
|
||
), or has peculiar blackish markings corresponding to the imaginal ones (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8F1AFE73D8E6FE0D" box="[886,984,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 543</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A887DFE72DF01FE0D" box="[1041,1087,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 569–577" captionStartId="123.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURES 569–577. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 569, female subimago extracted from larva; 570, apex of fore wing; 571–573, abdominal terga of three different male imagines; 574–575, two male imagines in lateral view; 576, head and thorax of male imago in dorsal view; 577, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (570, 572, 577, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737048/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">576</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mesonotum and thoracic pleura sometimes have irregular blackish markings. Fore and hind protoptera often have blackish hypodermal markings corresponding to certain maculae of the imaginal wing, particularly to the dark brown macula near costal brace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8CF3FDE7DA3BFDB9" box="[159,261,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 620</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8D7CFDE7DA02FDBE" box="[272,316,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">626</figureCitation>
|
||
) or others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8DD0FDE7D91EFDB9" box="[444,544,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 591</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8E40FDE6D964FDB9" box="[556,602,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 654–665" captionStartId="136.[151,264,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@136.[151,1436,174,1770]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIGURES 654–665. Thraulodes? consortis. 654, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 655, fore protopteron; 656, hind protopteron; 657, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on head and abdomen; 658–660, fore, middle and hind legs of male subimago; 661, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago; 662, anterior side of hind femur; 663, anterior side of fore tibia; 664, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 665, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737066/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">655</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF93846A8CABFDC2D93DFC6E" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CABFDC2D95EFD9D" bold="true" box="[199,608,548,575]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cuticular coloration of larval legs.</emphasis>
|
||
In all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8EC4FDC3D860FD9D" box="[680,862,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the fore femur is more or less widened proximally; in some leptophlebiid taxa, its cuticle has a discolored area (blank) on anterior surfaces of the proximal widening; this blank is expressed if surrounding cuticle is pigmented. Presence and shape of this blank is not connected with muscle attachment: all muscle fibers which pass under anterior surface at this area belong to the femoro-tibial flexor and are attached to the proximal, outer and inners margins of the femur, but not to its dorsal surface. In all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8922FD53DBECFD51" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8922FD53DBECFD51" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this proximal forefemoral blank has characteristic shape and lacks stout setae, which are irregularly spread on the anterior surface of the femur (see above). Shape of the proximal forefemoral blank somewhat resembles a triangle, which is stretched obliquely in such a way that its short side is adjacent to the convex proximal-outer margin, and its acute angle touches the inner margin more distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8F32FCA3D8FEFCFD" box="[862,960,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 281</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other elements of cuticular coloration of fore, middle and hind femora vary among species often have significant individual variability. The cuticle of tibiae in most species is uniformly pigmented; only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8EADFC6BD865FC05" box="[705,859,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8EADFC6BD865FC05" box="[705,859,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8F0FFC6BD89AFC05" bold="true" box="[867,932,909,935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF93846A8F0FFC6BD89AFC05" box="[867,932,909,935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8FB1FC6BD8C5FC05" box="[989,1019,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Th</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. “Itaya” it has darker and lighter bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8C8BFC57DABBFC69" box="[231,389,944,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 548–550</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8DFCFC57DAC9FC6E" box="[400,503,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURES 637–649" captionStartId="134.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@134.[151,1436,196,1765]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURES 637–649. Thraulodes sp. «Itaya», larva. 637, tergalius III; 638–645, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 638, part of head with labrum; 639–640, left and right mandibles; 641, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 642–644, fore, middle and hind legs; 645, abdominal terga and sterna; 646, anterior side of hind femur; 647, anterior side of fore tibia; 648, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 649, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737062/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">642–644</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF93846A8CABFC33DF2CFB65" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CABFC33D9B7FC4D" bold="true" box="[199,649,980,1007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hypodermal coloration of larval legs.</emphasis>
|
||
The imaginal femur often has a hypodermal multicolored distal band formed by various combinations of yellowish, reddish and blackish markings, including a blackish stripe along distal part of inner margin (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8E6EFBFBD9BAFB95" box="[514,644,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 28–30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8EFCFBFBD98EFB95" box="[656,688,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">97</figureCitation>
|
||
); in some species femur has additional middle band, or is entirely darkened (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8D2FFBA7DAE0FBF9" box="[323,478,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 468–469</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8D84FBA6D96EFBF9" box="[488,592,1088,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">597–598</figureCitation>
|
||
); in these cases hypodermal coloration of larval femur is limited by blackish pigment, which often (but not always) forms a stripe along distal part of inner margin of the femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A889DFB83DE69FBDD" box="[1265,1367,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 450–463" captionStartId="104.[151,264,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,166,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@104.[157,1429,166,1806]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURES 450–463. Larvae, presumably attributed to Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 450–455, parts of last instar larva at the same magnification: 450, fragment of head with labrum and mandibles; 451, pronotum and mesonotum; 452, hind leg; 453, abdominal terga; 454–455, tergalii IV–V; 456–458, exuviae of young larva at the same magnification: 456–457, fore and hind legs; 458, abdominal terga and sterna; 459, young larva with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal coloration; 460, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 461, anterior side of hind femur; 462, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 463, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737022/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 452</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A890EFB82DEAEFBDD" box="[1378,1424,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 591–602" captionStartId="128.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@127.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737054/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">591</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8CDBFB6FDA6FFB01" box="[183,337,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CDBFB6FDA6FFB01" box="[183,337,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8D35FB6FDAA4FB01" bold="true" box="[345,410,1161,1187]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF93846A8D35FB6FDAA4FB01" box="[345,410,1161,1187]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
imaginal hypodermal coloration of femur is represented by a narrow apical blackish band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8CCCFB4BDA3CFB65" box="[160,258,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 569–577" captionStartId="123.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURES 569–577. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 569, female subimago extracted from larva; 570, apex of fore wing; 571–573, abdominal terga of three different male imagines; 574–575, two male imagines in lateral view; 576, head and thorax of male imago in dorsal view; 577, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (570, 572, 577, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737048/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 574</figureCitation>
|
||
), and larval hypodermal coloration of femur is similar to it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8FCFFB4BDF3BFB65" box="[931,1029,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 543</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF93846A8CABFB37D9A2F9D5" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CABFB37D9EFFB49" bold="true" box="[199,721,1232,1259]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hypodermal coloration of larval abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal terga of imagines have species-specific color patterns.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF93846A8CB7FB13D928FAB2" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[219,534,1269,1296]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized 9 elements of this coloration. Among them, a blackish or gray posterior margin and a pair of blackish or gray midway spots are present in many species. If these markings are present in imago, they are more or less expressed in larval stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8F4DFADBD846FAF5" box="[801,888,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1320,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,166,1301]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736917/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8FE9FADBD88FFAF5" box="[901,945,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–132" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1426,166,1853]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">128</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8FD2FADAD8D4FAF5" box="[958,1002,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 151–155" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1474,1499]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,166,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,166,1455]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 151–155. Larva presumably attributed to Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 151, anterior side of hind tibia; 152, anterior side of hind femur; 153, tergalius VII; 154, general view; 155, abdominal terga spread on slide (with brown and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736941/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">155</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8F9AFADADF1CFAF5" box="[1014,1058,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–189" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,166,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736947/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">185</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8843FADBDF62FAF5" box="[1071,1116,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 208–231" captionStartId="62.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">227</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8804FADBDFABFAF5" box="[1128,1173,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 276–296" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,164,1888]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">292</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A88CCFADBDFF3FAF5" box="[1184,1229,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 317–336" captionStartId="80.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1960]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 317–336. Thraulodes zonalis. 317–331, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 332, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 333, anterior side of hind femur; 334, anterior side of fore tibia; 335, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 336, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736985/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">332</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A88B5FADBDE39FAF5" box="[1241,1287,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">421</figureCitation>
|
||
). Blackish or gray stigmatic dots, if present in imago, are also present in larva; but in contrast to the dark posterior margin and the midway spots, which are located just under cuticle and are well visible, stigmatic dots are situated on tracheae, which in larval stage are located deeply in the body and are poorly visible or invisible. Imagines of some species have paired oblique lateral streaks or darkened posterolateral triangles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8FA7FA2BDF10FA4A" box="[971,1070,1485,1512]" captionStart="FIGURES 603–612" captionStartId="130.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@129.[151,1436,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737056/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 611</figureCitation>
|
||
); in these cases larvae can have similar blackish or gray markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8E72FA17D9BEF9AE" box="[542,640,1521,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 603–612" captionStartId="130.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@129.[151,1436,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737056/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 603</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among species examined, only some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A88B0FA17DE4AF9A9" box="[1244,1396,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboniger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A88B0FA17DE4AF9A9" box="[1244,1396,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Th. alboniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8917FA17DB90F98D" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF93846A8917FA17DB90F98D" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have black median marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A8D88F9F3D979F98D" box="[484,583,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 569–577" captionStartId="123.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,214,1850]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURES 569–577. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 569, female subimago extracted from larva; 570, apex of fore wing; 571–573, abdominal terga of three different male imagines; 574–575, two male imagines in lateral view; 576, head and thorax of male imago in dorsal view; 577, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (570, 572, 577, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737048/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 572</figureCitation>
|
||
), and these marks are expressed in the larval stage as well (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF93846A888AF9F3DE77F98D" box="[1254,1353,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 543–562" captionStartId="121.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737044/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 543</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some other elements of imaginal coloration, e.g. brown or reddish dorsolateral spots are absent in larval stage and appear only when larva is going to molt to subimago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF93846A8CABF967D8A9F87D" blockId="14.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Based solely on larval characters,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF93846A8E29F967DF62F939" author="McCafferty, W. P. & Baumgardner, D. E. & Guenther J. L." box="[581,1116,1665,1691]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 219" refId="ref71399" refString="McCafferty, W. P., Baumgardner, D. E. & Guenther J. L. (2004) The Ephemeroptera of Central America. Part 1: Guatemala. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 130 (2 - 3), 201 - 219." type="journal article" year="2004">McCafferty, Baumgardner and Guenther (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established a formal species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8CB1F943DA89F91D" authorityName="McCafferty, Baumbgardner & Guenter" authorityYear="2004" box="[221,439,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CB1F943DA89F91D" box="[221,439,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thraulodes pacaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the larvae which were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF93846A8FE5F943DF9DF91D" author="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C." box="[905,1187,1701,1727]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="413 - 433" refId="ref68582" refString="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C. (1978) Generic revisions of mayfly nymphs: II. Thraulodes in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 110 (14), 413 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 110413 - 4" type="journal article" year="1978">Allen and Brusca (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under arbitrary name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8CFBF92FDA29F941" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,279,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CFBF92FDA29F941" box="[151,279,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. C. They report only two characters for this species, «relative narrow elongate gills with indistinct lateral tracheation» and «narrow, dark, transverse band on the posterior border of middle abdominal terga and the pair of antero-sublateral, approximately right-triangle shaped dark marks on middle abdominal terga»
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF93846A8976F8F7DA73F8ED" author="McCafferty, W. P. & Baumgardner, D. E. & Guenther J. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 219" refId="ref71399" refString="McCafferty, W. P., Baumgardner, D. E. & Guenther J. L. (2004) The Ephemeroptera of Central America. Part 1: Guatemala. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 130 (2 - 3), 201 - 219." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
McCafferty
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8CFBF8D0DBF7F8ED" box="[151,201,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004: 214
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Judging by the drawing to which they refer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF93846A8F3BF8D3DF73F8ED" author="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C." box="[855,1101,1845,1871]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="413 - 433" refId="ref68582" refString="Allen, R. K. & Brusca, R. C. (1978) Generic revisions of mayfly nymphs: II. Thraulodes in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 110 (14), 413 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 110413 - 4" type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Brusca 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 24), these dark markings represent the blackish-brown hypodermal pigmentation, which corresponds to the dark posterior margin and the midway spots on imaginal abdomen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF93846A8E56F89BD86BF835" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[570,853,1917,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 29: dpm, ms). These elements of coloration are present in imagines of many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8E0CF847D9DEF819" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[608,736,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8E0CF847D9DEF819" box="[608,736,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and should be expressed in their larvae; most probably, «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF93846A8914F847DBD6F87D" authorityName="McCafferty, Baumbgardner & Guenter" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF93846A8914F847DBD6F87D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Th. pacaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
» represents a mixture of larvae belonging to various species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF9284748CFBFF7FD97AFEE1" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF92846B8CFBFF7FD8B0FF11" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[151,910,152,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B8CFBFF7FD8B0FF11" bold="true" box="[151,910,152,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">New terms for describing coloration of subimaginal mesonotum</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF92846B8CABFF5ADFD9FDC1" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The mesonotum of the mayfly subimago and imago bears the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B8FE0FF5BDF64FF75" bold="true" box="[908,1114,189,215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mesonotal suture</emphasis>
|
||
, which initially represents a transverse furrow crossing the scutum behind the anteronotal transverse impression; in the stage of imago, cuticle anteriad and posteriad of the mesonotal suture usually has the same coloration (brown or ocher), but in the stage of subimago cuticle is usually colored anteriad of the mesonotal suture and colorless posteriad of it. Initially, I called this suture «transverse suture» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8D90FEAAD9BBFEC5" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[508,645,332,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref70453" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1988) [Revision of genera of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). I. Diagnoses of tribes, genera and subgenera of the subfamily Heptageniinae] [in Russian]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie (Revue d'Entomologie de l'URSS), 67 (2), 291 - 313. Entomological Review, 68 (3), 1 - 24. [1989, English translation]" type="journal article" year="1988">Kluge 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 90–91: TS), but later suggested the term «mesonotal suture», because in some cases its direction is changed, being more longitudinal than transverse (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8804FE96DFC0FE29" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1128,1278,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8966FE97DE79FE29" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1290,1351,369,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the cases, when the mesonotal suture is shifted backward, the colored zone anteriad of the mesonotal suture occupies a part of medioscutum and a part of submedioscutum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8E86FE5ED8BEFE71" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[746,896,440,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 15; 2004: fig. 106D). In some cases, coloration of these zones represents a species-specific character, so these zones should be clearly named in species descriptions. In one of the previous papers, I used the letter «a» for two zones located anteriad of the mesonotal suture and the letter «p» for two zones located posteriad of the mesonotal suture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8FBDFDC2DF67FD9D" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[977,1113,548,575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="33 - 49" refId="ref70936" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2013) Mayflies of the genus Nonnullidens Grant & Peters 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa, 3722 (1), 33 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kluge 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 51–53). However, these two abbreviations are not enough to describe all variants of coloration of subimaginal mesonotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF92846B8CABFD8BDFBFFC4D" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Here I suggest the following new terms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF92846B8EFEFD8AD9CAFD25" box="[658,756,620,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 94a</figureCitation>
|
||
): the term «
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B8F16FD8BDF32FD25" bold="true" box="[890,1036,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">chromozone</emphasis>
|
||
» for the zone anteriad of the mesonotal suture; the term «
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B8DF7FD77D905FD09" bold="true" box="[411,571,657,683]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">achromozone</emphasis>
|
||
» for the zone posteriad of the mesonotal suture; and the term «
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B896DFD77DBDDFD6D" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">chromozonal suture</emphasis>
|
||
» as additional term for the mesonotal suture to indicate that it is a line separating the chromozone and the achromozone of subimaginal cuticle. The terms «chromozone» and «achromozone» should be used for certain zones, independently if they are actually colored or not. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF92846B8F5EFD1AD8D6FCB4" box="[818,1000,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some other taxa, the chromozonal suture is shifted backward and crosses the medioparapsidal suture, which separates medioscutum (zone of attachment of the median tergal muscle) and submedioscutum (zone of attachment of the scuto-episternal muscle) (the terms «medioscutum» and «submedioscutum» were introduced in Kluge 1994); in this case, 4 zones can be distinguished, which can be termed «chromozone of medioscutum», «chromozone of submedioscutum», «achromozone of medioscutum» and «achromozone of submedioscutum»; two branches of the chromozonal suture can be termed «medioscutal chromozonal suture» and «submedioscutal chromozonal suture» (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF92846B8878FC32DF4AFC4D" box="[1044,1140,980,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 94a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF92846B8CABFC1FD943FBDD" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In the stage of subimago, the cuticle of the chromozone(s) is usually more or less intensively colored by brown, while the cuticle of the achromozone(s) is usually colorless. In some taxa the cuticle of the chromozone(s) is also colorless. In some taxa the cuticle of achromozone(s) is colored; in this case its color is different from the color of the chromozone (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8DFEFB82D927FBDD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[402,537,1124,1151]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="33 - 49" refId="ref70936" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2013) Mayflies of the genus Nonnullidens Grant & Peters 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa, 3722 (1), 33 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kluge 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 53).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF92846B8CABFB6FD928FA61" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In the primitive condition, the chromozonal (i.e., mesonotal) suture represents a deep furrow running transversely across the anterior part of scutum shortly posteriad of the anteronotal transverse impression, being either medially stretched backward into a short point (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8EADFB36D864FB49" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[705,858,1232,1259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8FDAFB36DF7FFB49" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[950,1089,1232,1259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6), or entirely transverse (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8CF3FB12DA14FAAD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[159,298,1268,1295]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 63). In these cases the subimaginal chromozone is located anteriad of the chromozonal suture, being not divided into medioscutal and submedioscutal zones, and the achromozone is located posteriad of the mesonotal suture, including either both medioscutum and submedioscutum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8F86FADADFBEFAF5" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1002,1152,1340,1367]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B888DFADADE56FAF5" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1249,1384,1340,1367]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 18E, 19H, 21A, D–E, 23F, 25C, 30D, 32B, 33D–E, 34A, F, 39C–E, 54I, 63A, C, 64A, D, 90D;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B888CFA86DE54FAD8" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1248,1386,1376,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref70648" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1996) The Palaearctic Metretopodidae, with description of a new genus and species from Siberia (Ephemeroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 4 (1), 1995, 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="1996">Kluge 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 25) or medioscutum only, while submedioscutum is occupies by another pigmented zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B88ECFA62DE2AFA3D" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1152,1300,1412,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 13–14;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8CFBFA4EDA21FA61" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[151,287,1448,1475]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 17D, 21B, 40D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF92846B8CABFA2BDE03F941" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In certain mayfly taxa the shape of the chromozonal (mesonotal) suture is markedly changed, or this suture is lost. Particularly, in Fimbriatotergaliae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF92846B8EE5FA16D801F9A8" box="[649,831,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the chromozonal suture is initially shifted backward by the side of the median line, so that on each side of the mesonotum it crosses the medioparapsidal suture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B893AF9F2DBDEF9F1" author="Kluge, N. J." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8D27F9DEDAE8F9F1" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[331,470,1592,1619]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref70689" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 68F, 71E–F, 74A, 83F, 106D). In these cases there can be distinguished chromozones of medioscutum and submedioscutum, and achromozones of medioscutum and submedioscutum. Both chromozones (medioscutal and submedioscutal ones) can be either equally pigmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF92846B881FF966DFEBF939" box="[1139,1237,1664,1691]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 337</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B888EF966DE54F939" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1250,1386,1664,1691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="33 - 49" refId="ref70936" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2013) Mayflies of the genus Nonnullidens Grant & Peters 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa, 3722 (1), 33 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kluge 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 51), or colorless (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF92846B8D30F942DA83F91D" box="[348,445,1700,1727]" captionStart="FIGURES 365–370" captionStartId="87.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1436,166,1762]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736997/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 368</figureCitation>
|
||
), or differ by coloration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF92846B8EB5F942D813F91D" box="[729,813,1700,1727]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both achromozones (medioscutal and submedioscutal ones) can be either colorless, or pigmented, sometimes differently one from another (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B883CF92EDFE7F941" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1104,1241,1736,1763]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="33 - 49" refId="ref70936" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2013) Mayflies of the genus Nonnullidens Grant & Peters 1993 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa, 3722 (1), 33 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Kluge 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 52).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF9284748CABF90BD97AFEE1" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,153,323]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In many representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF92846B8E6FF90AD982F8A4" box="[515,700,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the most primitive taxa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF92846B8835F90ADE2FF8A4" authorityName="sensu Peters" authorityYear="1980" box="[1113,1297,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptophlebiinae">Leptophlebiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Habrophlebiinae
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B8D78F8F7DA6CF888" box="[276,338,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8D36F8F6DAD0F889" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[346,494,1808,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="35 - 43" refId="ref70605" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 c) Habrophlebiinae subfam. n. with description of a new species of Habroleptoides from Caucasus (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 3 (1), 35 - 43." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the chromozonal suture passes at a distance from median longitudinal suture, medioparapsidal suture and lateroparapsidal suture, so that both chromozones and both achromozones (medioscutal and submedioscutal ones) are well expressed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8EF4F8BED813F8D1" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[664,813,1880,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref70529" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 a) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 99 (1), 41 - 61." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12, 1994c: fig. 47; 2004: fig. 40D;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8889F8BEDE52F8D1" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1253,1388,1880,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="273 - 306" refId="ref70831" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2012) Contribution to the knowledge of Choroterpes (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (3), 273 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.3.04" type="journal article" year="2012">Kluge 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 37, 92; 2013: figs 51–53;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8DD0F89AD97AF835" author="Kluge, N. J. & Novikova, E. A." box="[444,580,1916,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="209 - 236" refId="ref70877" refString="Kluge, N. J. & Novikova, E. A. (2014) Systematics of Indobaetis Muller-Liebenau & Morihara 1982, and related implications for some other Baetidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Zootaxa, 3835 (2), 209 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.2.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Kluge 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 39). In some leptophlebiid taxa the chromozonal suture approaches the medioparapsidal suture, so that the chromozone is narrowed; particularly, this occurs in Terpidinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8962F846DEA6F819" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1294,1432,1952,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 14) and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF92846B8D54F822DA91F87C" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[312,431,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hagenulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF92846B8D87F822D9BFF87C" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[491,641,1988,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref70569" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 b) A revision of Leptophlebiidae of Cuba (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2 (2), 1993, 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 20, 50, 87, 113, 201, 222). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF92846B8F93F822DF41F87C" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1023,1151,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF92846B8F93F822DF41F87C" box="[1023,1151,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the submedioscutal chro- mozonal suture approaches the lateroparapsidal and antelateroparapsidal sutures and repeats their shape, so that the submedioscutal achromozone looks as a narrow light stripe bordering dark lateroparapsidal and antelateroparapsidal sutures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748C99FF07DA77FF59" box="[245,329,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–100" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,222,1780]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736923/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
). The taxon Hermanellonota
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748EE2FF07D82FFF59" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[654,785,225,251]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is characterized by loss of the chromozonal suture, so that in subimago the whole medioscutum and submedioscutum are either entirely colorless (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748811FEE3DE28FEBD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1149,1302,261,287]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref70569" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 b) A revision of Leptophlebiidae of Cuba (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2 (2), 1993, 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 13), or entirely colored (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748D3AFECFDAE1FEE1" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[342,479,297,323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 28).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF8D84768CFBFE8ADE39FC03" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CFBFE8ADA43FE24" blockId="16.[151,1437,363,1002]" box="[151,381,363,390]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CFBFE8ADA43FE24" bold="true" box="[151,381,363,390]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fore wing venation</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CABFE76DEACFE08" blockId="16.[151,1437,363,1002]" box="[199,1426,400,426]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Venation of fore wing is uniform among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748EFDFE76D82FFE08" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[657,785,400,426]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748EFDFE76D82FFE08" box="[657,785,400,426]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and only a few characters are used in species diagnoses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CABFE52DE13FCB0" blockId="16.[151,1437,363,1002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
A generally accepted species-specific character is presence/absence of cross veins in the proximal half of costal field (i.e. proximad of bulla). However, among species examined, none lacks these veins completely; this is true for the species which were described as lacking these veins—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748F48FE1AD8D6FDB4" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[804,1000,508,534]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748F48FE1AD8D6FDB4" box="[804,1000,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748F9AFE1ADFBCFDB7" authorityName="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[1014,1154,508,534]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748F9AFE1ADFBCFDB7" box="[1014,1154,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. sinuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D847488FDFE1ADE12FDB4" authorityName="": Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[1169,1324,508,534]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D847488FDFE1ADE12FDB4" box="[1169,1324,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. schlingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748957FE1ADBF3FD9B" authorityName="Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marreroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748957FE1ADBF3FD9B" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. marreroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748CB7FDC6DAA2FD98" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[219,412,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CB7FDC6DAA2FD98" box="[219,412,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748DBEFDC6D973FD98" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[466,589,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748DBEFDC6D973FD98" box="[466,589,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. zonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In all these cases, costal cross veins proximad of bulla are present, but few in number (one, two or more), colorless and much thinner than other cross veins, and can be visible only at magnification higher than necessary for examination of other veins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748F53FD8ED8ABFD20" box="[831,917,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748FCEFD8ED8F0FD20" box="[930,974,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–142" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,166,1878]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736935/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">142</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748FB6FD81DF7EFD20" box="[986,1088,615,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 337–345" captionStartId="82.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[151,1436,164,1949]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736987/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">344–345</figureCitation>
|
||
); in these species only selected individuals or individual wings lack these veins. Some authors use exact number of cross veins to separate species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748CDAFD56DA08FD68" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[182,310,688,714]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CDAFD56DA08FD68" box="[182,310,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748D19FD56D907FD68" author="Souto, P. M. & Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L." box="[373,569,688,714]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="571 - 578" refId="ref72229" refString="Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. & Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa 3760 (4), 571 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748DD1FD56DAD1FD68" box="[445,495,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is also wrong, because the number of cross veins in all fields of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D8474893EFD56DA32FD4C" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most other mayflies varies individually. Species-specific characters connected with cross veins, are only thickness and/or coloration of cross veins and their approximate number or density in certain fields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CABFCFADAF9FC48" blockId="16.[151,1437,363,1002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
One more character in wing venation was reported as species-specific for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D8474884DFCFADBEDFCF8" authority="Dominguez 1987" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liminaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D8474884DFCFADE2EFC94" box="[1057,1296,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes liminaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748976FCFADBEDFCF8" author="Dominguez, E." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: in this species vein ICu
|
||
<subScript id="17BA34F5FF8D84748D8AFCB7DAD0FCFD" attach="left" box="[486,494,849,863]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
is joined at base to vein CuP (Domínguez 1981: fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748808FCA6DE55FCFB" author="Dominguez, E. & Molineri, C. & Pescador, M. L. & Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C." box="[1124,1387,831,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref69248" refString="Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Domínguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748883FCA6DE1EFCF8" box="[1263,1312,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 187D, in contrast to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748DADFC82D97FFCDC" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[449,577,868,894]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748DADFC82D97FFCDC" box="[449,577,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where ICu
|
||
<subScript id="17BA34F5FF8D84748EA9FC93D9F3FC21" attach="left" box="[709,717,885,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
is joined to ICu
|
||
<subScript id="17BA34F5FF8D84748FE9FC93D8B3FC21" attach="left" box="[901,909,885,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
, but not to CuP. Among the species examined, the same condition, when the vein ICu
|
||
<subScript id="17BA34F5FF8D84748E20FC7FD96AFC05" attach="left" box="[588,596,921,935]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
is joined at base to vein CuP, was found on one wing of one individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748CFBFC4ADBC3FC67" box="[151,253,940,966]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CFBFC4ADBC3FC67" box="[151,253,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Th. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748D6FFC4ADA7CFC64" bold="true" box="[259,322,940,966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF8D84748D6FFC4ADA7CFC64" box="[259,322,940,966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748D3CFC4ADA8FFC64" box="[336,433,939,966]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 435</figureCitation>
|
||
), while on another wing of this individual ICu
|
||
<subScript id="17BA34F5FF8D84748FDCFC5BD886FC69" attach="left" box="[944,952,957,971]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
is joined only to ICu
|
||
<subScript id="17BA34F5FF8D847488CCFC5BDF96FC69" attach="left" box="[1184,1192,957,971]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D847488D2FC4ADE1FFC64" box="[1214,1313,940,966]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 434</figureCitation>
|
||
). Probably, this character is individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CFBFBF1DA5BFB90" blockId="16.[151,1437,1047,2040]" box="[151,357,1047,1074]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CFBFBF1DA5BFB90" bold="true" box="[151,357,1047,1074]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Genital structure</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CABFBDDDAF2FAD4" blockId="16.[151,1437,1047,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CABFBDDDA17FBF4" bold="true" box="[199,297,1083,1110]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Styliger.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748D5FFBDADA8DFBF4" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[307,435,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748D5FFBDADA8DFBF4" box="[307,435,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other taxa by the structure of the styliger, which has a common unpaired
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CFBFB86DA5AFBD8" bold="true" box="[151,356,1119,1146]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">gonostylar cavity</emphasis>
|
||
[termed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748D80FB86D816FBD8" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[492,808,1119,1146]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
«forceps plate»]. The gonostylar cavity is exposed ventrally-caudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748D27FB62DA93FB3C" box="[331,429,1156,1182]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
|
||
), being well visible in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748F23FB62D88FFB3C" box="[847,945,1156,1182]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
|
||
), so that its dorsal margin is projected caudally. In various species this dorsal margin of styliger is either smoothly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748859FB4EDFA7FB60" box="[1077,1177,1191,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 532–540" captionStartId="116.[151,264,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,206,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@116.[151,1436,196,1879]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="FIGURES 532–540. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 532, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 533, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 534, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 535, apex of penis on dorsal view; 536, hind wing; 537–540, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (532–536, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737040/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 534</figureCitation>
|
||
), or medially stretched into an unpaired
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748D0CFB2AD911FB44" bold="true" box="[352,559,1227,1254]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">dorsal projection</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748E2FFB2AD999FB44" box="[579,679,1228,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
|
||
), whose shape is species-specific or varies individually; in some species this projection is separated from the dorsal edge of styliger, shifted more dorsally and proximally, so that in ventral view its base is partly hidden by styliger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748EB3FAF2D85DFA8C" box="[735,867,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 38, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Since the bases of gonostyli are brought together in the gonostylar cavity, the pair of gonostylar muscles, which run from the styliger to the bases of gonostyli, are convergent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748D4EFABADAB9FAD4" box="[290,391,1372,1398]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 102</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748DFFFABADAFEFAD4" box="[403,448,1372,1398]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">110</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84748CABFA99D826F97B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1047,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CABFA99DA7FFA38" bold="true" box="[199,321,1407,1434]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gonostyli.</emphasis>
|
||
The gonostylus retains all 4 primary segments, but the initial 1st and 2nd segments are not separated and often have equal thickness, and so can be taken for one segment;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748FC1FA42DFD5FA1C" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[941,1259,1443,1470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
called them together «basal segment». The 1st and 2nd segments are often bent in an obtuse angle; both distal segments (3rd and 4th ones) are short and always well separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748EF3FA0CD83FF9A7" box="[671,769,1514,1541]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
|
||
). About the development of gonostyli,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D847488DFFA0DDA22F98A" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967: 355)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote «In male nymphs, only tips of forceps seen externally; dissection shows long basal segment to be strongly folded on itself in a U-shaped fashion, opening of U toward midline. In all other Neotropical genera of this family that we have studied, forceps relatively much longer and not folded on themselves as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748964F9B3DEB6F9CD" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1288,1416,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748964F9B3DEB6F9CD" box="[1288,1416,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
». Larval protogonostyli are really short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748E24F99ED9DDF931" box="[584,739,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 106, 108</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in some species reduces to low protuberances (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748942F99EDEAEF931" box="[1326,1424,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 209–314" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1566,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,173,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,166,1547]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736981/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 313</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subimaginal gonostyli developing inside are located mainly proximad of the protogonostyli, being folded in the junction of initial 1st and initial 2nd segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748EC5F959D835F97B" box="[681,779,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8D84758CABF905D902FE29" blockId="16.[151,1437,1047,2040]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748CABF905DAF0F95F" bold="true" box="[199,462,1762,1789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Musculature of penis.</emphasis>
|
||
As in most mayflies, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748E80F905D89CF95F" box="[748,930,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
penis has two pairs of extrinsic muscles attached to its base: the pair of large median muscles, which are attached to anterior-lateral part of ninth abdominal sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748D6DF8CCDA59F8E6" box="[257,359,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 101</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748D18F8CCDA9EF8E6" box="[372,416,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">111</figureCitation>
|
||
: m.med), and the pair of small lateral muscles, which are attached to lateral parts of ninth tergum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8D84748C99F8A8DA66F8CA" box="[245,344,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
|
||
: m.lat) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748DD8F8A8D978F8CB" author="Grandi, M." box="[436,582,1870,1897]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 120" refId="ref70077" refString="Grandi, M. (1960) Contributi allo studio degli Efemeroidei italiani. XXIII. Gli organi genitali esterni maschili degli Efemeroidei. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della Universita di Bologna, 24, 67 - 120." type="journal article" year="1960">Grandi 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8D84748E14F8A8D9C6F8CA" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[632,760,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748E14F8A8D9C6F8CA" box="[632,760,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the median penial muscles are attached to the base of penis medially, close together. Penis lobes are separated nearly up to the base, so contraction of the median penial muscles should provide an active movement, bringing penis lobes together. In connection with this, median sides of penis lobes are often strengthened by a pair of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748E32F85FD86BF876" bold="true" box="[606,853,1977,2004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">medio-ventral ridges</emphasis>
|
||
, or
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8D84748FEDF85CDF12F876" bold="true" box="[897,1068,1977,2004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">recurved folds</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8D84748856F85CDE6BF877" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[1082,1365,1978,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); each of these ridges forms the median margin of the penis lobe and is projected on its ventral side; it stretches from the base of penis (where the median muscle is attached) in distal direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758FC1FF7FDF2FFF11" box="[941,1041,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 103</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758871FF7FDF77FF11" box="[1053,1097,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">111</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some species the free ventral margin of this medio-ventral ridge extends laterally, so that the ridge represents a flap overlapping some part of the ventral surface of penis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758DBDFF07D909FF59" box="[465,567,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 522–531" captionStartId="115.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,166,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[171,1415,166,1887]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURES 522–531. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 522, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 523, head and thorax of male imago in lateral view; 524–525, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 526–527, fore and middle leg of male imago; 528, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 529–530, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 531, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva (522–523, 526–530, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737038/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 530</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758E2DFF06D951FF59" box="[577,623,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 532–540" captionStartId="116.[151,264,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,206,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@116.[151,1436,196,1879]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="FIGURES 532–540. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 532, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 533, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 534, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 535, apex of penis on dorsal view; 536, hind wing; 537–540, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (532–536, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737040/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">534</figureCitation>
|
||
); a certain kind of such recurved flap is termed
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758811FF07DF89FF59" bold="true" box="[1149,1207,225,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">lapel</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C847588A9FF07DBEDFE82" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medio-ventral ridges are either developed only in basal part of penis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758844FEE3DF45FEBD" box="[1064,1147,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
), or are stretched distally, sometimes up to the apex. Length and shape of the medio-ventral ridge is regarded as an important species-specific character (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758D62FEABD90FFECA" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[270,561,333,360]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in some species it is such, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758FA5FEABDFB1FEC5" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[969,1167,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758FA5FEABDFB1FEC5" box="[969,1167,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it demonstrates a great individual variability (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758DFEFE97D90EFE29" box="[402,560,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 114–120</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABFE72D815FD25" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758CABFE72DAA9FE0D" bold="true" box="[199,407,404,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spermatic pump.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758DF2FE73D96AFE0D" box="[414,596,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have aflagellate spermatozoons (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758FA7FE73DF60FE0D" author="Soldan, T." box="[971,1118,405,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="223 - 230" refId="ref72197" refString="Soldan, T. (1979) A comparative study of spermatozoa of some Central European Ephemeroptera. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 76, 223 - 230, pls. I-III." type="journal article" year="1979">Soldan 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758805FE73DE4CFE0D" author="Gaino, E. & Mazzini, M." box="[1129,1394,405,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="119 - 126" refId="ref69895" refString="Gaino, E. & Mazzini, M. (1991) Aflagellate sperm in three species of Leptophlebiidae Ephemeroptera. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 20 (3), 119 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7322 (91) 90003 - R" type="journal article" year="1991">Gaino & Mazzini 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in connection with this, their spermatic ducts are equipped by ring muscles, which serve as spermatic pumps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758925FE5FDBECFE55" author="Grimm, R." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref70175" refString="Grimm, R. (1985) Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchung der abdominalen Muskulatur und der Gonoducte mannlicher Ephemeroptera-Imagines (Insecta). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, (A), 384, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Grimm 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758CB2FE3BDAA2FE55" author="Brito, P. & Salles, F. F. & Dolder, H." box="[222,412,477,503]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="306 - 310" refId="ref68751" refString="Brito, P., Salles, F. F. & Dolder, H. (2012) Morphology of male reproductive systems in Ephemeroptera: intrinsic musculature. Neotropical Entomology, 41 (4), 306 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 012 - 0039 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Brito
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758D73FE38DA6FFE55" box="[287,337,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758EE5FE3BD837FE55" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[649,777,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758EE5FE3BD837FE55" box="[649,777,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, basal part of each penis lobe forms a ventro-lateral swelling, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758D79FDE7D97EFDBE" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[277,576,513,540]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758EF6FDE7D82CFDB9" bold="true" box="[666,786,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">basal lobe</emphasis>
|
||
. Inside the basal lobe and proximad of it, the gonoduct is widened (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758D68FDC3D91FFD9D" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[260,545,549,575]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 30) and surrounded by more or less thick layer of ring-like muscles, which forms the spermatic pump (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758DA2FDAFD952FDC1" box="[462,620,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 101, 103</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758E15FDAFD99BFDC1" box="[633,677,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">111</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apart of the muscles of spermatic pump located in the basal lobe, the penis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758D4DFD8BDA9FFD25" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[289,417,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758D4DFD8BDA9FFD25" box="[289,417,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no any other intrinsic muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABFD76D9DCFC21" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758CABFD76DAB9FD09" bold="true" box="[199,391,656,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spear-like rolls.</emphasis>
|
||
The pair of pointed processes, or «the spears, a very characteristic feature of this genus» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758CF3FD53DAC4FD6D" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[159,506,692,719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967: 353</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), were characterized as the following: «Each penis lobe bears a slender spearlike process arising dorsally from distal margin, the points of the spears directed inward and toward one another» (ibid, 352) and «The narrow portion of [spermatic] duct can be traced apicad from the basal lobe as far as the base of the spear» (ibid, 353). Some other authors call these processes «spines» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758FC3FCC7DF46FC99" author="Dominguez, E." box="[943,1144,801,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In all publications these processes are described and figured as integral spines. On some figures such spine is crossed by an oblique line, but without comments (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758DCBFC8FD946FC21" author="Zuniga, M. C. & Molineri, C. & Dominguez, E. & Cardona, W." box="[423,632,872,899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="281 - 296" refId="ref72771" refString="Zuniga, M. C., Molineri, C., Dominguez, E. & Cardona, W. (2015) Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Gorgona Island National Natural Park (Tropical Eastern Pacific, Colombia) with the description of two new species. Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 51, 281 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2015026" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Zúñiga
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758D91FC8CD910FC21" box="[509,558,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABFC6BD8ECFB95" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Actually, these processes are not integral, but each represents a tube with longitudinal cleft stretched up to base. Such an incomplete tube can be interpreted as a rolled plate, whose margins are either separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C8475889BFC57DE63FC69" box="[1271,1373,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 104</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758907FC57DEA9FC69" box="[1387,1431,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 143–148" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,176,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,166,1760]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">144</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758CFBFC33DBFDFC4D" box="[151,195,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 169–173" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1539,1564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,173,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,166,1520]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 169–173. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 169, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 170, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 171, apex of penis in dorsal view; 172, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva; 173, hind wing (169–171, 173, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736945/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">171</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758CA3FC33DBC4FC4D" box="[207,250,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 209–314" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1566,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,173,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,166,1547]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736981/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">311</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758D6AFC33DA0DFC4D" box="[262,307,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">439</figureCitation>
|
||
,), or contiguous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758D90FC33D95FFC4D" box="[508,609,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 198–202" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1779,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,166,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[151,1419,166,1759]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 198–202. Thraulodes schlingeri. 198–199, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 200, penis in apical view; 201, penis in ventral view; 202, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736953/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 200</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758E00FC33D9A7FC4D" box="[620,665,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 371–376" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1781,1806]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,171,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[151,1436,166,1761]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 371–376. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 371, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 372, apex of penis in dorsal view; 373, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 374, their subimaginal exuviae; 375, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 376, hind wing (372–376, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736999/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">372</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758EC8FC32D9EFFC4D" box="[676,721,980,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 403–408" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1916,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,182,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 403–408. Thraulodes spangleri. 403–404, genitalia of male imago in lateral and ventral view; 405, apex of penis in dorsal view; 406, subimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostylus and spear-like rolls; 407, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 408, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737009/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">405</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758EB0FC32D837FC4D" box="[732,777,980,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 532–540" captionStartId="116.[151,264,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,206,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@116.[151,1436,196,1879]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="FIGURES 532–540. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 532, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 533, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 534, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 535, apex of penis on dorsal view; 536, hind wing; 537–540, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (532–536, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737040/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">535</figureCitation>
|
||
,), or overlap one another (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758859FC33DFA4FC4D" box="[1077,1178,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 270</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C847588C9FC32DFEDFC4D" box="[1189,1235,980,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 578–588" captionStartId="124.[151,264,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@124.[151,1436,249,1757]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURES 578–588. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 578, hind wing; 579, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 580, dorsal margin of styliger and penis of another specimen; 581, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 582, penis in lateral view; 583, posterior margin of IX sternum of female larva; 584, the same of male larva with protogonostyli and protopenis; 585–588, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (578, 580–581, 584–588, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737050/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">582</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apex of this roll is always obliquely truncate, forming a sharp point. The spermatic duct is opined into the canal of this roll, so that sperm escapes from the apical foramen and the cleft of the roll (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758F0FFBFBD8F8FB95" box="[867,966,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 472</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABFBA7D916FB65" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The spear-like processes are attached either on apical, or apical-dorsal side of the penis, and in most species are directed more or less dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758D9CFB83D96AFBDD" box="[496,596,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 143–148" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,176,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,166,1760]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 143</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758E0CFB83D9B0FB22" box="[608,654,1125,1152]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">267</figureCitation>
|
||
); in some species they are inclined ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C847588E6FB83DFCEFBDD" box="[1162,1264,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–206" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1511,1536]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,175,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,166,1491]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736955/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 203</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758896FB83DE19FBDD" box="[1274,1319,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 232–239" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 232–239. Thraulodes marreroi. 232–234, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 235, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 236–239, male imaginal genitalia in apical, dorsal ventral and lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736961/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">239</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C8475895EFB83DE5EFBDD" box="[1330,1376,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1623,1648]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,166,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,166,1604]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Thraulodes marreroi. 240, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 241, apex of penis in dorsal view; 242, genitalia in ventral view; 243, sibimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostyli and telopenes; 244, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 245, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736963/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">240</figureCitation>
|
||
); this is an important species-specific character, which is often overlooked or confused on the drawings where genitalia are shown in ventral or dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABFB37DA10FAD9" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
In the overwhelming majority of species, the spear-like rolls are directed medially (i.e., inward and toward one another) and each has a narrow cleft exposed caudally-laterally-dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758866FB13DF97FAAD" box="[1034,1193,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 112–114</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only in two closely related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758D21FAFFDAE5FA91" authorityName="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[333,475,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758D21FAFFDAE5FA91" box="[333,475,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Th. sinuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758E7AFAFFD99BFA91" box="[534,677,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758E7AFAFFD99BFA91" box="[534,677,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Th. ludmilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758EC2FAFFD9CEFA91" bold="true" box="[686,752,1305,1331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF8C84758EC2FAFFD9CEFA91" box="[686,752,1305,1331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, these processes are directed ventrally and unrolled, so that each process represents a concave plate directed by its concavity ventrally-caudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C8475883FFADBDF9BFAFA" box="[1107,1189,1341,1368]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–63" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1219,1244]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,171,1193]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1437,166,1199]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 60–63. Thraulodes sinuosus. 60, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 61, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 62, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 63, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736913/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
) or ventrally-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758CF3FA87DA1CFAD9" box="[159,290,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 38, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABFA63DAC6F9D5" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758CABFA63D877FA3D" bold="true" box="[199,841,1412,1439]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Larval protopenis and development of spear-like rolls.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8C84758F23FA63DF81FA3D" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[847,1215,1412,1439]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver and Edmunds (1967: 355)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that «In male nymphs, ... Each penis lobe bears a slender elongate projection». This is true for the protopenis (i.e., non-functional larval penis) of the majority of the species examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758E91FA2BD85EFA45" box="[765,864,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in some species these projections are not expressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758C90FA17DA5EF9A9" box="[252,352,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURES 267–273" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1687,1712]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,174,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,166,1668]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 271</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shape of the protopenis is species-specific. In all cases, the apex of each protopenis lobe bears a foramen, which leads to a narrow, long, thin-walled, cuticular tube, corresponding to the imaginal spermatic duct. If the apical projection is present, the foramen is located on its top, being exposed either caudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758941F9DFDEB1F9F1" box="[1325,1423,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 209–314" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1566,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,173,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,166,1547]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736981/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 313</figureCitation>
|
||
), or caudally-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758DE5F9BBDAD5F9D5" box="[393,491,1628,1655]" captionStart="FIGURES 203–206" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1511,1536]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,175,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,166,1491]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736955/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 205</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABF967D8A1F8D1" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
When the subimaginal penis lobe is developed under the larval cuticle, its spear-like roll appears as inserted into the apical projection of protopenis, and the cuticular tube of the protopenis is inserted into the canal of the spear-like roll (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758D2EF92FDA9AF941" box="[322,420,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
). During subsequent growth, the spear-like roll is elongated, being inserted by its base into the growing penis, and remains to be directed caudally with the cuticular tube of protopenis inside (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758895F90BDE61F8A5" box="[1273,1375,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 109</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758907F90BDEA6F8A5" box="[1387,1432,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 346–347" captionStartId="82.[151,264,1009,1034]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,331,987]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[151,1436,327,989]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 346–347. Thraulodes zonalis. 346, larval protogonostyli and protopenis in dorsal view with developing subimaginal gonostyli and penis; 347, optic section of through protopenis with developing penis. Abbreviations: gd, larval cuticle of gonoduct; tp, subimaginal telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736989/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">347</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758CFBF8F6DBC5F889" box="[151,251,1808,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 498–507" captionStartId="111.[151,264,1685,1710]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,225,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@111.[151,1436,212,1639]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURES 498–507. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 498, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 499, subimaginal styliger and gonostyli extracted from larva; 500–501, subimaginal penis inside larval protopenis in ventral and dorsal view; 502, larval protogonostyli with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at earlier stage of development; 503–506, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (498–501, 503–506, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737032/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">500–501</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758D6BF8F7DA0BF88E" box="[263,309,1809,1836]" captionStart="FIGURES 603–612" captionStartId="130.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@129.[151,1436,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737056/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">607</figureCitation>
|
||
). During the molt from larva to subimago, the spear-like rolls turn medially and get definite position when subimaginal genitalia become free from cuticle of larval protopenis, even when subimaginal abdomen is not yet taken out from the larval cuticle (observed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8C84758EA7F8BFD8B0F8D1" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[715,910,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telegraphicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8C84758EA7F8BFD8B0F8D1" box="[715,910,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Th. telegraphicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8C84758CABF89BD851F87D" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
In subimago, the spear-like rolls have the same size and shape as in imago; their cuticle is rigid and retains its shape on subimaginal exuviae after molt from subimago to imago, while remainding exuviae of the subimaginal penis is very delicate and is crumpled during the molt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8C84758F6CF823D85CF87D" box="[768,866,1988,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 474–478" captionStartId="107.[151,264,1689,1714]" captionTargetBox="[154,1422,186,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@107.[151,1436,179,1661]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURES 474–478. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 474, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 475, their subimaginal exuviae; 476, hind wing; 477–478, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva, with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at early stage of development shown by interrupted line (474–476, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737026/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 475</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFF7FDFE2FF59" blockId="18.[151,1436,153,396]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The slender projection of protopenis can be interpreted as a larval precursor of the spear-like roll. Length of this larval projection does not correlate with length of imaginal spear-like roll: for example, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F847688DFFF5BDE4DFF75" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="2009" box="[1203,1395,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quevedoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F847688DFFF5BDE4DFF75" box="[1203,1395,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Th. quevedoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the projections of larval protopenis are absent, while the imaginal spear-like rolls are well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFEE3DE67FEBD" blockId="18.[151,1436,153,396]" box="[199,1369,261,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Unfortunately, development of unusual penes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768E86FEE3D84BFEBD" authorityName="Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[746,885,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768E86FEE3D84BFEBD" box="[746,885,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Th. sinuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768FC0FEE3DF04FEBD" box="[940,1082,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludmilae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768FC0FEE3DF04FEBD" box="[940,1082,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Th. ludmilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F8476882DFEE3DFBEFEBD" bold="true" box="[1089,1152,261,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF8F8476882DFEE3DFBEFEBD" box="[1089,1152,261,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFECFDF66FE2E" blockId="18.[151,1436,153,396]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Judging by their structure and transformations in ontogenesis, the spear-like rolls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768810FECFDFDFFEE1" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1148,1249,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768810FECFDFDFFEE1" box="[1148,1249,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are homologous to the tubular telopenes of Hermanellonota
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768E12FEABD83BFEC5" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[638,773,333,359]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Their presence is a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F847688D8FEABDE0AFEC5" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1204,1332,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F847688D8FEABDE0AFEC5" box="[1204,1332,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Hermanellonota, which allows uniting them to a new taxon Hermanellandria (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFE52DA05FE6C" blockId="18.[151,1437,436,930]" box="[151,315,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CFBFE52DA05FE6C" bold="true" box="[151,315,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Egg structure</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFE3ED8FCFD68" blockId="18.[151,1437,436,930]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
In all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768DEEFE3ED93CFE50" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[386,514,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768DEEFE3ED93CFE50" box="[386,514,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, knob-terminated coiled threads (KTC) are evenly dispersed all over egg surface, equally on equator and pole regions, independently from shape of the egg, which varies from ellipsoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768975FE1DDE47FDB4" box="[1305,1401,507,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 589–590" captionStartId="125.[151,264,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,171,1988]" captionTargetId="figure@125.[178,1410,171,1988]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIGURES 589–590. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n., eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737052/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 589</figureCitation>
|
||
) to barrel-shaped, i.e. with flat pole areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768E29FDF9D998FD98" box="[581,678,543,570]" captionStart="FIGURES 348–349" captionStartId="83.[151,264,1998,2023]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[151,1436,179,1970]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 348–349. Thraulodes zonalis, eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 348</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each KTC is located in a round cavity and coiled as a regular spiral always directed anticlockwise (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768D9AFDA5D966FDFC" box="[502,600,579,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 149–150" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,166,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1398,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 149–150. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n., egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736939/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 150</figureCitation>
|
||
). The knob, which terminates this coiled thread, is located in the middle of the spiral. The coiled thread can be either located openly [in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768F5CFD8ED897FD20" authorityName="Traver & Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[816,937,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768F5CFD8ED897FD20" box="[816,937,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Th. zonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768FA4FD81DF1BFD20" box="[968,1061,615,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 348–349" captionStartId="83.[151,264,1998,2023]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[151,1436,179,1970]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 348–349. Thraulodes zonalis, eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 349</figureCitation>
|
||
; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768827FD8EDE34FD20" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1964" box="[1099,1290,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paysandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768827FD8EDE34FD20" box="[1099,1290,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Th. paysandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768974FD81DBEDFD04" author="Dominguez, E." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Dominguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. V.4)], or hidden by a ring-like cover, which surrounds the knob (in other examined species). In various species, this ring-like cover can be narrower or wider, smooth or rugose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFD35D8BAFCF8" blockId="18.[151,1437,436,930]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Other chorion is either smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768E42FD35D9B0FD4C" box="[558,654,723,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1423,1448]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[173,1414,166,1404]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 121. Thraulodes telegraphicus, eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736931/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
) or bears round protuberances, which can be large or smaller, located either evenly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768D5BFD11DAA7FCB0" box="[311,409,759,786]" captionStart="FIGURES 248–249" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,166,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1398,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 248–249. Thraulodes marreroi, eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736967/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 249</figureCitation>
|
||
), or concentrated around KTCs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768F68FD11D89DFCB0" box="[772,931,759,786]" captionStart="FIGURES 274–275" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,166,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[151,1398,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 274–275. Thraulodes quevedoensis, eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736975/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 274–275</figureCitation>
|
||
), or, vice verse, located at maximum distance from KTCs forming rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768DA3FCFDD94EFC94" box="[463,624,795,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 315–316" captionStartId="77.[151,264,1998,2023]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[151,1436,179,1970]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 315–316. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n., eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736983/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 315–316</figureCitation>
|
||
); in some species rows of protuberances are fused into integral ridges, which form a net-like relief with KTC in each cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768EB4FCD9D846FCF8" box="[728,888,831,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 377–378" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1998,2023]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 377–378. Thraulodes flavus sp. n., eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737001/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 377–378</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFC82DE39FC03" blockId="18.[151,1437,436,930]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Among the species examined, one species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768EC2FC82D8A0FCDF" box="[686,926,868,894]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viviparus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768EC2FC82D8A0FCDF" box="[686,926,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulodes viviparus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768FCAFC82D8D9FCDC" bold="true" box="[934,999,868,894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF8F84768FCAFC82D8D9FCDC" box="[934,999,868,894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is probably ovoviviparous; in a single examined female imago of this species, abdomen is filled by completely grown eggs lacking chorion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF8F84708CFBFC0FD94DFBAA" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFC0FD9D3FBA6" blockId="18.[151,749,1001,1028]" box="[151,749,1001,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0C981DCFF8F84768CFBFC0FD9D3FBA6" bold="true" box="[151,749,1001,1028]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CFBFC0FD9D3FBA6" bold="true" box="[151,749,1001,1028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Systematic position and diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768E0EFC0FD9D3FBA6" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[610,749,1001,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768E0EFC0FD9D3FBA6" bold="true" box="[610,749,1001,1028]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFBD7DE65FB15" blockId="18.[151,1437,1073,1207]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768CFBFBD7DA29FBE9" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,279,1073,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CFBFBD7DA29FBE9" box="[151,279,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to subsequently subordinated taxa:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768F64FBD7D880FBE9" box="[776,958,1073,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
> Atalophleboadentata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F847688A6FBD7DE70FBE9" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1226,1358,1073,1099]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
> Atalophlebopectinata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768D08FBB3DAD9FBCD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[356,487,1109,1135]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
> Atalophleboculata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768EB9FBB3D866FBCD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[725,856,1109,1135]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
> Atalophlebomaxillata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768807FBB3DFD0FBCD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1131,1262,1109,1135]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
> Atalophlebolinguata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768C95FB9FDABFFB31" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[249,385,1145,1171]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref70786" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2009) Higher system of Atalophlebiinae (Leptophlebiidae) with description of three new species of Terpides s. l. from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 18 (4), 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="2009">Kluge 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. General system of the taxon Atalophlebolinguata remains poorly elaborated. One of the taxa established within Atalophlebolinguata is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768E01FB7BD9D4FB15" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[621,746,1181,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hagenulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg1, or the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768FCEFB7BDE69FB15" authority="Kluge 1994 b" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1994" box="[930,1367,1181,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hagenulini">
|
||
Hagenulini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768849FB7BDF89FB15" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1061,1207,1181,1207]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref70569" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 b) A revision of Leptophlebiidae of Cuba (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2 (2), 1993, 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F847688A9FB7BDE71FB15" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1221,1359,1181,1207]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFB18DA72FABA" blockId="18.[151,559,1278,1376]" box="[151,332,1278,1304]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CFBFB18DA72FABA" bold="true" box="[151,332,1278,1304]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768CFBFB18DA20FABA" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,286,1278,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hagenulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFAC4D911FA9E" blockId="18.[151,559,1278,1376]" box="[151,559,1313,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768CB6FAC4D914FA9E" authority="Kluge 1994 b: 250" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1994" box="[218,554,1313,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hagenulini">
|
||
Hagenulini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768D31FAC4D914FA9E" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[349,554,1313,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref70569" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 b) A revision of Leptophlebiidae of Cuba (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2 (2), 1993, 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994b: 250</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFAA0D930FAC2" blockId="18.[151,559,1278,1376]" box="[151,526,1350,1376]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Hegenulus/fg1:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8F84768D27FAA0D934FAC2" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[331,522,1350,1376]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008: 387</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CFBFA6BDA42FA6E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1421,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CFBFA6BDA6AFA0A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1421,1448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Autapomorphy.</emphasis>
|
||
Patella-tibial suture is lost on all legs of all stages—larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768F95FA68DF43FA0A" box="[1017,1149,1422,1448]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="25.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,181,1972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736903/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 21–24</figureCitation>
|
||
), subimago (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F8476897CFA68DE5DFA0A" box="[1296,1379,1422,1448]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
) and imago (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768C80FA54DA4EFA6E" box="[236,368,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 28–30</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABFA33DF21F99B" blockId="18.[151,1437,1421,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CABFA33DAA7FA52" bold="true" box="[199,409,1493,1520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Other characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Hind wing has more or less prominent costal projection; vein Sc terminates on costal margin just distad of costal projection, far from wing apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8F84768E8CFA1CD80CF9B6" box="[736,818,1530,1556]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
) (apomorphy, independently occurred in various taxa). Imaginal and subimaginal claws of all legs are ephemeropteroid (plesiomorphy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABF9A7D975F9FE" blockId="18.[151,1437,1421,1772]" box="[199,587,1601,1628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CABF9A7DA5FF9FE" bold="true" box="[199,353,1601,1628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotropical Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8F84768CABF983DA6AF94E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1421,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768CABF983DA59F922" bold="true" box="[199,359,1637,1664]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
The taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768D81F980D956F922" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[493,616,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hagenulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg1 comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768F7AF980D8B3F922" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[790,909,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hagenulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg2 (incl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768864F981DFB2F922" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1938" box="[1032,1164,1639,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Borinquena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768864F981DFB2F922" box="[1032,1164,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Borinquena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F847688F1F980DE69F922" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1993" box="[1181,1367,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Turquinophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F847688F1F980DE69F922" box="[1181,1367,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Turquinophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F8476890BF981DA2BF906" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Poecilophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F8476890BF981DA2BF906" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Poecilophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768D49F96DDA99F907" box="[293,423,1675,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Careospina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768D49F96DDA99F907" box="[293,423,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Careospina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768DDAF96DD91AF906" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[438,548,1675,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Traverina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768DDAF96DD91AF906" box="[438,548,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Traverina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768E58F96CD9F0F906" box="[564,718,1674,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768E58F96CD9F0F906" box="[564,718,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hagenulopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768EB2F96CD840F906" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1938" box="[734,894,1674,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neohagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768EB2F96CD840F906" box="[734,894,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Neohagenulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768FFBF96CDF32F906" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1956" box="[919,1036,1674,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Ulmeritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmeritus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/g1 (incl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F8476881AF96CDE36F906" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1959" box="[1142,1288,1674,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Ulmeritoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F8476881AF96CDE36F906" box="[1142,1288,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ulmeritoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Miroculus/ g1, Hermanellandria taxon nov. and some other taxa. The new taxon Hermanellandria comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8F84768880F948DE52F96A" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1260,1388,1710,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8F84768880F948DE52F96A" box="[1260,1388,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Hermanellonota:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CFBFE28DAC6FE4B" blockId="19.[151,762,462,633]" box="[151,504,462,489]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778CFBFE28DAC6FE4B" bold="true" box="[151,504,462,489]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hermanellandria taxon nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CFBFE14D9CEFDAE" blockId="19.[151,762,462,633]" box="[151,752,498,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778CFBFE14DA29FDAE" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,279,498,524]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778CFBFE14DA29FDAE" box="[151,279,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778D02FE14D9D5FDAE" author="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L." box="[366,747,498,524]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref71766" refString="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of leptophlebiid mayflies as inferred by histone H 3 and 28 S ribosomal DNA. Systematic Entomology, 33, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00434. x" type="journal article" year="2008">O’Donnell & Jockusch 2008: 663</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CFBFDF0D9C4FD93" blockId="19.[151,762,462,633]" box="[151,762,534,561]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Circumscriptional name: Hermanellandria
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778E1BFDF0D9CCFD92" bold="true" box="[631,754,534,560]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">taxon nov.</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CFBFDDCD9F1FDF6" blockId="19.[151,762,462,633]" box="[151,719,570,597]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Hierarchical name:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778D18FDDCDAC3FDF6" box="[372,509,570,596]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hermanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hermanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
/f1=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778E45FDDCD992FDF6" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[553,684,570,596]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thraulodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/g1;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CFBFDB8D9F4FDDA" blockId="19.[151,762,462,633]" box="[151,714,606,633]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Possible rank-based name: subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778E46FDB8D9F8FDDA" box="[554,710,606,632]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Hermanellina">Hermanellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CFBFD43DA0EFBA6" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778CFBFD43D96CFD62" bold="true" box="[151,594,677,704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Autapomorphy of Hermanellandria.</emphasis>
|
||
Each of two penis apices is produced into a slender sclerotized tubular process—
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778D6BFD2FDA4FFD46" bold="true" box="[263,369,713,740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">telopenis</emphasis>
|
||
, inside which the genital duct passes; apex of telopenis is obliquely truncated and pointed. In imago telopenes are sharply bent at their bases and/or shifted from apices of penis lobes, so that are directed either medially (in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778D07FCF4DAD5FC8E" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[363,491,786,812]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778D07FCF4DAD5FC8E" box="[363,491,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or laterally (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778EDEFCF4D827FC8E" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[690,793,786,812]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Farrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778EDEFCF4D827FC8E" box="[690,793,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Farrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or ventrally (in Hermanellognatha), or even ventrallyanteriorly, i.e. toward penis base. Unlike imago, in mature larva telopenes represent apical continuations of penis lobes, being directed caudally, so that gonopores occupy apical position; larval protopenis has developed gonopores with ducts lined by larval cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778E7FFC98D98EFC3A" box="[531,688,894,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 107, 109</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778ED0FC98D9D7FC3A" box="[700,745,894,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 346–347" captionStartId="82.[151,264,1009,1034]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,331,987]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[151,1436,327,989]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURES 346–347. Thraulodes zonalis. 346, larval protogonostyli and protopenis in dorsal view with developing subimaginal gonostyli and penis; 347, optic section of through protopenis with developing penis. Abbreviations: gd, larval cuticle of gonoduct; tp, subimaginal telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736989/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">347</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778E98FC9BD866FC3A" box="[756,856,893,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 498–507" captionStartId="111.[151,264,1685,1710]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,225,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@111.[151,1436,212,1639]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURES 498–507. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 498, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 499, subimaginal styliger and gonostyli extracted from larva; 500–501, subimaginal penis inside larval protopenis in ventral and dorsal view; 502, larval protogonostyli with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at earlier stage of development; 503–506, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (498–501, 503–506, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737032/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">500–501</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778F0FFC98D8AEFC3A" box="[867,912,894,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 603–612" captionStartId="130.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@129.[151,1436,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737056/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">607</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778FF0FC98DF1DFC3A" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[924,1059,894,920]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778842FC98DFA0FC3A" box="[1070,1182,894,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E847788C6FC9BDFF6FC3A" box="[1194,1224,893,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E847788B8FC98DE4CFC3A" box="[1236,1394,894,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–34" captionStartId="27.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1962]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736905/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">27–28, 32, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). In subimago telopenes either have the same position as in imago, or position intermediate between larval and imaginal ones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778CB7FC20DA58FC42" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[219,358,966,992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778D1FFC20DAF9FC42" box="[371,455,966,992]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,439,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1372,438,1860]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736899/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subimaginal telopenes are sclerotized, while the rest subimaginal cuticle of penis is membranous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CABFBE9DAD6FBD2" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
In Hermanellognatha and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778D82FBE8D99AFB8A" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1966" box="[494,676,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simothraulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778D82FBE8D99AFB8A" box="[494,676,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Simothraulopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
each telopenis represents a tube with apical opening. In all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778922FBE8DBECFBEE" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778922FBE8DBECFBEE" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
each telopenis is a roll, i.e. a tube cleft up to the base. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F25FBD4D88EFBEE" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[841,944,1074,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Farrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F25FBD4D88EFBEE" box="[841,944,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Farrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
telopenes lack gonoducts, and genital openings are located at their bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CABFB9CD8A5FB7E" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Telopenes can be confused with superficially similar processes, which occur in some other taxa and arise from penis apex toward its base; but unlike telopenes, penial processes of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778FBCFB78DFB8FB1A" box="[976,1158,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not bear genital ducts and in larval stage develop in the same position as they are in imago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CABFB03D975FAA2" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" box="[199,587,1253,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778CABFB03DA5FFAA2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1253,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotropical Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CABFAEFDFFCFACF" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778CABFAEFDA59FA86" bold="true" box="[199,359,1289,1316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
The taxon Hermanellandria (or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778EB8FAECD863FA87" box="[724,861,1290,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hermanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hermanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
/f1=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778FE4FAECDF35FA87" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[904,1035,1290,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thraulodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/g1) comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E847788DEFAECDE0CFA86" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1202,1330,1290,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E847788DEFAECDE0CFA86" box="[1202,1330,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Hermanellonota
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778D46FAC8DA8EFAEA" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[298,432,1326,1352]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778D8EFAC8D950FAEB" box="[482,622,1326,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hermanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hermanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
/f2=g1). In its turn, Hermanellonota is divided into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E847788DFFAC8DA17FACE" authority="Demoulin 1966" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1966" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simothraulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E847788DFFAC8DE57FAEA" box="[1203,1385,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Simothraulopsis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E8477891EFAC9DA17FACE" author="Demoulin, G." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref69149" refString="Demoulin, G. (1966) Contribution a l'etude des Ephemeropteres du Surinam. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 42 (37), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1966">Demoulin 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778D58FAB4D91BFACE" authority="Peters 1971" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[308,549,1362,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Farrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778D58FAB4DAA5FACE" box="[308,411,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Farrodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778DCEFAB5D91BFACE" author="Peters, W. L." box="[418,549,1362,1389]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref71871" refString="Peters, W. L. (1971) A revision of the Leptophlebiidae of the West Indies (Ephemeroptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 62, 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.62" type="journal article" year="1971">Peters 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Hermanellognatha
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778F5DFAB4D88BFACE" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[817,949,1362,1388]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F8FFAB4DF53FACF" box="[995,1133,1362,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hermanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hermanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
/f3=g2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84778CABFA93DE10F92E" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778CABFA93DA71FA32" bold="true" box="[199,335,1397,1424]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778D39FA90D984FA32" author="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L." box="[341,698,1398,1424]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref71766" refString="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of leptophlebiid mayflies as inferred by histone H 3 and 28 S ribosomal DNA. Systematic Entomology, 33, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00434. x" type="journal article" year="2008">O’Donnell and Jockusch (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established the «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F15FA90D8C7FA32" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[889,1017,1398,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F15FA90D8C7FA32" box="[889,1017,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group» based on similarity of histone H3 and 28S ribosomal DNA of three examined species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F60FA7CD8B2FA16" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[780,908,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F60FA7CD8B2FA16" box="[780,908,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778FADFA7CDF16FA16" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[961,1064,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Farrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778FADFA7CDF16FA16" box="[961,1064,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Farrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E847788E9FA7CDBDCFA7A" authority="Edmunds" authorityName="Edmunds" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Traverella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albertana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E847788E9FA7CDE53FA16" box="[1157,1389,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Traverella albertana</emphasis>
|
||
Edmunds
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which belongs to the «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778D9FFA58D947FA7A" box="[499,633,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hermanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778D9FFA58D947FA7A" box="[499,633,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hermanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex», i.e. to Hermanellognatha
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778877FA58DF9AFA7A" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[1051,1188,1470,1496]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 137" refId="ref70731" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2008) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137. [2007]" type="journal article" year="2008">Kluge 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These authors stated that their analysis did not support hypothesis about relationship of these species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E8477880EFA04DFCEFA5E" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[1122,1264,1506,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E8477880EFA04DFCEFA5E" box="[1122,1264,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage, which was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778D32F9E0D9F4F982" author="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E." box="[350,714,1542,1568]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref69810" refString="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E. (1991) Preliminary cladistics of the Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae Atalophlebiinae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J. & Sanchez-Ortega, A. (Eds.), Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Proceeding 6 th International Conference Ephemeroptera & 10 th International Symposium Plecoptera, Granada, Spain, 24 - 30 July 1989. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 49 - 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1991">Flowers and Dominguez (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778EBAF9E0DF7FF982" author="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L." box="[726,1089,1542,1568]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref71766" refString="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of leptophlebiid mayflies as inferred by histone H 3 and 28 S ribosomal DNA. Systematic Entomology, 33, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00434. x" type="journal article" year="2008">O’Donnell and Jockusch (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also wrote that «this grouping is additionally supported by the similarity of maxillary palps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F1FF9CCD8CDF9E6" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[883,1011,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F1FF9CCD8CDF9E6" box="[883,1011,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778808F9CCDFF5F9E6" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[1124,1227,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Farrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778808F9CCDFF5F9E6" box="[1124,1227,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Farrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.», but did not report concrete synapomorphies in the maxillary palp structure. The taxon with the new circumscriptional name Hermanellandria corresponds to the «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778E51F994D983F92E" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[573,701,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778E51F994D983F92E" box="[573,701,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group» established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778FACF994DE14F92E" author="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L." box="[960,1322,1650,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref71766" refString="O'Donnell, B. C. & Jockusch, E. L. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of leptophlebiid mayflies as inferred by histone H 3 and 28 S ribosomal DNA. Systematic Entomology, 33, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00434. x" type="journal article" year="2008">O’Donnell and Jockusch (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8E84708CABF970D88EFE55" blockId="19.[151,1437,677,2037]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,153,791]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The idea about relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778E40F970D992F912" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[556,684,1686,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778E40F970D992F912" box="[556,684,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the Notogean genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F8BF970DF4BF912" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[999,1141,1686,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F8BF970DF4BF912" box="[999,1141,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E847788DDF970DE5CF912" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[1201,1378,1686,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E847788DDF970DE5CF912" box="[1201,1378,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Massartellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778D60F95CD94BF976" author="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E." box="[268,629,1722,1748]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref69810" refString="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E. (1991) Preliminary cladistics of the Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae Atalophlebiinae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J. & Sanchez-Ortega, A. (Eds.), Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Proceeding 6 th International Conference Ephemeroptera & 10 th International Symposium Plecoptera, Granada, Spain, 24 - 30 July 1989. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 49 - 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1991">Flowers and Dominguez (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was based on parsimony analysis of a limited number of characters of several New World genera. Generally speaking, the method of parsimony analysis is not based on any scientific theory; a tree built by this method depends on occasional set of characters, their arbitrary formulation and an arbitrarily chosen method of calculation, but not on revealed apomorphies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778FB3F8C0DFBAF8E2" author="Pesenko, Yu. A." box="[991,1156,1830,1856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="8 - 119" refId="ref71824" refString="Pesenko, Yu. A. (1989) Methodological analysis of systematics. I. Clarification of the problem, the main taxonomic schools. Proceedings of the Zoological Insitute of USSR Academy of Sciences, 206, 8 - 119. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1989">Pesenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). I the tree suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778CFBF8ACDAC4F8C6" author="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E." box="[151,506,1866,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref69810" refString="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E. (1991) Preliminary cladistics of the Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae Atalophlebiinae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J. & Sanchez-Ortega, A. (Eds.), Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Proceeding 6 th International Conference Ephemeroptera & 10 th International Symposium Plecoptera, Granada, Spain, 24 - 30 July 1989. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 49 - 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1991">Flowers and Dominguez (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8E84778E6AF8ACD977F8C6" box="[518,585,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1861,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1201,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,1201,1841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Median emargination of labrum: 1, Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton 1903; 2, Leptophlebia marginata (Linnaeus 1767); 3, Habroleptoides pontica Kluge 1994c; 4, Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis 1834). Arrows show six sensilla, which on Fig. 4 separate five marginal denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736897/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), the branch comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F09F8ACD8DBF8C6" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[869,997,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F09F8ACD8DBF8C6" box="[869,997,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F98F8ACDFBCF8C6" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[1012,1154,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F98F8ACDFBCF8C6" box="[1012,1154,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E847788D6F8ACDE55F8C6" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[1210,1387,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E847788D6F8ACDE55F8C6" box="[1210,1387,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Massartellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the subordinated branch comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778E47F888D995F82A" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[555,683,1902,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778E47F888D995F82A" box="[555,683,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778EB2F888D852F82A" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[734,876,1902,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778EB2F888D852F82A" box="[734,876,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were argued by characters «1» (wide labrum), «3» (hood of labrum), «30» (dorsal setae on fore tibia), «50» (spines on penis) and «25» (absence of setae on submentum). Each of these characters was also reported for some other taxa, so no one autapomorphy of these branches was reported; the character «3» was also reported as lost in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8E84778F41F83CD893F856" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[813,941,2010,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8E84778F41F83CD893F856" box="[813,941,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8E84778FD7F83CDFC0F856" author="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E." box="[955,1278,2010,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref69810" refString="Flowers, R. W. & Dominguez, E. (1991) Preliminary cladistics of the Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae Atalophlebiinae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J. & Sanchez-Ortega, A. (Eds.), Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Proceeding 6 th International Conference Ephemeroptera & 10 th International Symposium Plecoptera, Granada, Spain, 24 - 30 July 1989. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 49 - 62." type="proceedings paper" year="1991">Flowers & Dominguez 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BC030BFF8E84778964F83CDE67F856" box="[1288,1369,2010,2036]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,244,548,575]" captionTargetBox="[163,1376,591,1285]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Inequality of larval legs in Thraulodes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="DF416638FF9184688CFBFDC2D9F3FD9D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The character «spines on penis» was reported, besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708EBAFF7FD868FF11" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[726,854,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708EBAFF7FD868FF11" box="[726,854,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F09FF7FD8CDFF11" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[869,1011,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F09FF7FD8CDFF11" box="[869,1011,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708840FF7FDFE3FF11" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[1068,1245,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708840FF7FDFE3FF11" box="[1068,1245,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Massartellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF898470897AFF7FDA0EFF75" authority="Lestage 1930" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF898470897AFF7FDEA2FF11" box="[1302,1436,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Massartella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708CFBFF5BDA0EFF75" author="Lestage, J. - A." box="[151,304,189,215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="249 - 258" refId="ref71021" refString="Lestage, J. - A. (1930) Notes sur le genre Massartella nov. gen. de la famille des Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) et le genotype Massartella Brieni Lest. Une Mission Biologique Belge au Bresil, 2, 249 - 258." type="journal article" year="1930">Lestage 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for all taxa belonging to Hermanellognata, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F2DFF58DF06FF75" authority="Peters 1971" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[833,1080,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Traverina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F2DFF58D891FF75" box="[833,943,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Traverina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708FDAFF5BDF06FF75" author="Peters, W. L." box="[950,1080,189,215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref71871" refString="Peters, W. L. (1971) A revision of the Leptophlebiidae of the West Indies (Ephemeroptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 62, 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.62" type="journal article" year="1971">Peters 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF89847088F9FF5BDEA9FF75" authority="Eaton 1882" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[1173,1431,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF89847088F9FF5BDE30FF75" box="[1173,1294,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hagenulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708979FF5BDEA9FF75" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[1301,1431,189,215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="207 - 208" refId="ref69378" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1882) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 18, 207 - 208." type="journal article" year="1882">Eaton 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708C87FF07DA5AFF59" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[235,356,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708C87FF07DA5AFF59" box="[235,356,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hagenulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it was erroneously reported as absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F57FF04DE6FFF59" authority="Peters & Alayo (in Peters 1971)" authorityName="Peters & Alayo (in Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[827,1361,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F57FF04D8E1FF59" box="[827,991,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. morrisonae</emphasis>
|
||
Peters & Alayo (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF89847088AEFF07DE77FF59" author="Peters, W. L." box="[1218,1353,225,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref71871" refString="Peters, W. L. (1971) A revision of the Leptophlebiidae of the West Indies (Ephemeroptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 62, 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.62" type="journal article" year="1971">Peters 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while actually this species has diminished spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708EEAFEE3D820FEBD" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[646,798,261,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref70569" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1994 b) A revision of Leptophlebiidae of Cuba (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2 (2), 1993, 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1994">Kluge 1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8984708F45FEE3D843FEBD" box="[809,893,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). These «spines» of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708808FEE3DFDAFEBD" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1124,1252,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708808FEE3DFDAFEBD" box="[1124,1252,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and «spines» of Hermanellognatha are homologous, being telopenes with sperm canal inside (see above). In contrast to them, the «spines» of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D4FFEA8DAAFFEC5" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1971" box="[291,401,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Traverina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708D4FFEA8DAAFFEC5" box="[291,401,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Traverina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708DA0FEABD97BFEC5" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[460,581,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708DA0FEABD97BFEC5" box="[460,581,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hagenulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a pair of simple denticles on ventral side of penis far from the genital opening. The «spines» of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708DAEFE97D96EFE29" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[450,592,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708DAEFE97D96EFE29" box="[450,592,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708E0CFE97D82FFE29" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1955" box="[608,785,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708E0CFE97D82FFE29" box="[608,785,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Massartellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F20FE97D8ECFE29" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1930" box="[844,978,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Massartella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F20FE97D8ECFE29" box="[844,978,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Massartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are various small processes on margins of genital opening; in various species these processes are soft or sclerotized, pointed or blunt, stout or hair-like; no one of these processes contains sperm canal, neither in imaginal penis, not in larval protopenis. So the idea about a relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D2DFE3BDAFFFE55" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[321,449,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708D2DFE3BDAFFFE55" box="[321,449,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708E45FE3BD989FE55" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1972" box="[553,695,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708E45FE3BD989FE55" box="[553,695,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Meridialaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage is groundless.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABFDE7D8A3FCB5" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Earlier,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708D4CFDE7DAF5FDB9" author="Flowers, R. W." box="[288,459,513,539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="203 - 209" refId="ref69711" refString="Flowers, R. W. (1987) New species and life stages of Atopophlebia (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Aquatic Insects, 9 (4), 203 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650428709361297" type="journal article" year="1987">Flowers (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed a relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F2DFDE7D8FFFDB9" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[833,961,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F2DFDE7D8FFFDB9" box="[833,961,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F9AFDE7DE0EFDB9" authority="Flowers 1976" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1976" box="[1014,1328,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F9AFDE7DFB3FDB9" box="[1014,1165,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
Flowers 1976
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, I am unable to examine all stages of development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F52FDC3D8EBFD9D" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1976" box="[830,981,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708F52FDC3D8EBFD9D" box="[830,981,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being limited by a single undetermined female larva from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF8984708D0FFDAFDAA4FDC1" box="[355,410,585,611]" name="Peru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Its examination reveals the following characters common for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708826FDAFDFDFFDC1" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1976" box="[1098,1249,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708826FDAFDFDFFDC1" box="[1098,1249,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708979FDAFDEABFDC1" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1301,1429,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708979FDAFDEABFDC1" box="[1301,1429,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: horseshoe row of hairs on dorsal side of glossa (see above); dense setation on distal part of outer side of mandible (the same in some other taxa—see above); absence of patella-tibial suture on at least middle leg of larva (the same in all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D75FD53DAAAFD6D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1882" box="[281,404,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Hagenulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hagenulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/fg1 and some other taxa). The penis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F3EFD53D8D4FD6D" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1976" box="[850,1002,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atopophlebia</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pair of apical processes directed ventrally; their structure and development are not described, so it is unclear, if they are telopenes, or not. At present, the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D2CFD1BD989FCB5" authority="in Hermanellandria" authorityName="in Hermanellandria" box="[320,695,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708D2CFD1BDAE9FCB5" box="[320,471,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
in Hermanellandria
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an open question.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CFBFC8EDA97FC21" blockId="20.[151,1436,872,1033]" box="[151,425,872,899]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708CFBFC8EDA97FC21" authority="Ulmer 1920" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,425,872,899]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CFBFC8EDA25FC21" bold="true" box="[151,283,872,899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708D4EFC8FDA97FC21" author="Ulmer, G." box="[290,425,873,899]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref72644" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, (A), 85 (11), 1 - 80. [1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CFBFC6BD923FC05" blockId="20.[151,1436,872,1033]" box="[151,541,909,935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Hierarchical name:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D1FFC6BDACBFC05" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[371,501,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thraulodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
/g2;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CFBFC4AD9C7FC47" blockId="20.[151,1436,872,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Rank-based name:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D1DFC4AD993FC64" authority="Ulmer 1920: 33" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1920" box="[369,685,940,966]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708D1DFC4ADACFFC64" box="[369,497,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708D95FC4AD993FC64" author="Ulmer, G." box="[505,685,940,966]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref72644" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, (A), 85 (11), 1 - 80. [1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer 1920: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(imago);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708F72FC4ADF75FC64" author="Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E." box="[798,1099,940,966]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref71682" refString="Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E. (1924) Neotropical mayflies. Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, Entomological Series 4, 24, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1924">Needham & Murphy 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(imago, larva);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF898470896FFC4ADA6FFC46" author="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver & Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(imago, larva, eggs; species revision)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CFBFC09D94DFBAA" blockId="20.[151,1436,872,1033]" box="[151,627,1006,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54858812FF8984708CFBFC09DBF1FBAB" box="[151,207,1007,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D59FC08D951FBAA" authority="Eaton 1884" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1884" box="[309,623,1006,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708D59FC08DADBFBAA" box="[309,485,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulus laetus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF8984708D87FC09D951FBAA" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[491,623,1006,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="77 - 152" refId="ref69406" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1884) A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. Part 2. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, 3, 77 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1883. tb 01550 b. x" type="journal article" year="1884">Eaton 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF8984708CFBFBBFDBFAF85A" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CFBFBBFDA2CFBD6" blockId="20.[151,1437,1113,1536]" box="[151,274,1113,1140]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CFBFBBFDA2CFBD6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1113,1140]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABFB9BDAA7FB3A" blockId="20.[151,1437,1113,1536]" box="[199,409,1149,1176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABFB9BDAA7FB3A" bold="true" box="[199,409,1149,1176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Autapomorphies:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABFB47DA36FAA6" blockId="20.[151,1437,1113,1536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABFB47DBD9FB1E" bold="true" box="[199,231,1185,1212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(1)</emphasis>
|
||
Bases of gonostyli are brought together and inserted in a common unpaired gonostylar cavity of styliger; dorsal margin of styliger is projected caudally, and the gonostylar cavity is exposed ventrally-caudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF898470895DFB20DEA9FB42" box="[1329,1431,1222,1248]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 102</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8984708CFBFB0CDBFDFAA6" box="[151,195,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1834,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,175,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1397,166,1814]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736927/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">110</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8984708CA2FB0CDBC5FAA6" box="[206,251,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–120" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,170,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,166,1869]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736929/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">112</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABFAEBDE1AFAEF" blockId="20.[151,1437,1113,1536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABFAEBDBD6FA8A" bold="true" box="[199,232,1293,1320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(2)</emphasis>
|
||
Telopenis (see autapomorphy of Hermanellandria) is tubular with a longitudinal cleft up to its base, i.e. represents a roll (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8984708D35FAD4DACBFAEE" box="[345,501,1329,1356]" captionStart="FIGURES 101–105" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1784,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,166,1764]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736925/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 103–105</figureCitation>
|
||
) (in contrast to integral tube of Hermanellognatha and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708832FAD4DE2AFAEE" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1966" box="[1118,1300,1330,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Simothraulopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708832FAD4DE2AFAEE" box="[1118,1300,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Simothraulopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABFAB3DBFAF9A2" blockId="20.[151,1437,1113,1536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABFAB3DBD6FAD2" bold="true" box="[199,232,1365,1392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(3)</emphasis>
|
||
On hind tibia, stout setae of outer margin (initial for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F2BFAB0D8C1FAD3" box="[839,1023,1366,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) form two separated rows, outer-anterior and outer-posterior ones; long hairs (also initial for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708F4DFA9CD8E7FA37" box="[801,985,1402,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are situated between these two rows of stout setae and form one more row posteriad of them; row of recurved hairs is located on anterior side of tibia, more distally from inner margin than the inner-anterior row of stout setae, which is present on middle and hind legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8984708903FA24DB89F9A2" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABF9CBD9FEF9EA" blockId="20.[151,1437,1581,1897]" box="[199,704,1581,1608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABF9CBD9FEF9EA" bold="true" box="[199,704,1581,1608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Characters of unclear phylogenetic status:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABF9B7D93EF917" blockId="20.[151,1437,1581,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABF9B7DBD6F9CE" bold="true" box="[199,232,1617,1644]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(4)</emphasis>
|
||
Outer side of each mandible with distal setal bunch, but without middle setal bunch: long hairs forming a row or a field on outer margin of mandible, are denser and longer nearer the base of incisor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF89847088F7F990DE23F932" box="[1179,1309,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). (the same in some other taxa—see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABF95BD966F95F" blockId="20.[151,1437,1581,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABF95BDBD6F97A" bold="true" box="[199,232,1725,1752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(5)</emphasis>
|
||
Long setae of dorsal side of glossa form irregular row or stripe of a characteristic horseshoe shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF898470892FF958DEAAF97A" box="[1347,1428,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,168,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1432,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736901/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) (the same in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708D4BF904DA80F95E" box="[295,446,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Atopophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708D4BF904DA80F95E" box="[295,446,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atopophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABF8E3D9E2F8CB" blockId="20.[151,1437,1581,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABF8E3DBD6F882" bold="true" box="[199,232,1797,1824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(6)</emphasis>
|
||
Swimming larva makes lateral movements with its abdomen (in contrast to most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708886F8E0DEA6F882" box="[1258,1432,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which make dorso-ventral swimming movements). Among the taxa whose larval swimming was observed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708908F8CDDBCEF8CA" authorityName="Peters & Edmunds" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Kimminsula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708908F8CDDBCEF8CA" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kimminsula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
makes the same movements as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF8984708E3AF8A8D9E8F8CA" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[598,726,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708E3AF8A8D9E8F8CA" box="[598,726,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thraulodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABF873DA48F812" blockId="20.[151,1436,1941,2040]" box="[199,374,1941,1968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABF873DA48F812" bold="true" box="[199,374,1941,1968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Plesiomorphy:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF8984708CABF85FDBFAF85A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1941,2040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF8984708CABF85FDBD6F876" bold="true" box="[199,232,1977,2004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(7)</emphasis>
|
||
Hind wing always retains furcations of RS and MP (while furcation of MA is lost in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF89847088C0F85CDE67F877" box="[1196,1369,1978,2005]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF8984708903F85CDB88F85A" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736907/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |