144 lines
18 KiB
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144 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="356228FFA56F06DBCD4CF19A689EDA9B">Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 5. Rodents</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D0E52F765F75D61EAC0B8F85D6B23FFC">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0CB7D75FF28FF47FD0F5AFFFBE9FD71" box="[766,1130,653,678]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CB19AFF28FF47FD0F5AFFFBE9FD71" ID-CoL="4MQL7" authority="da Silva, 1998" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" box="[766,1130,653,678]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kulinae">
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF28FF47FD0F5AFFFC48FD72" box="[766,971,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Proechimys kulinae</emphasis>
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da
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADB7E8FF28FF47FC045AFFFBE9FD71" author="Silva, M. N. F. da" box="[1013,1130,653,678]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" pagination="436 - 471" refId="ref91837" refString="Silva, M. N. F. da. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111: 436 - 471." type="journal article" year="1998">Silva, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3269992FF28FF40FCA65ACDFC6AFE8A" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF28FF47FCA65ACDFB92FD00" blockId="139.[855,1041,703,727]" box="[855,1041,703,727]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
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<heading id="D0CB7D75FF28FF47FCA65ACDFB92FD00" box="[855,1041,703,727]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" reason="2">
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<figureCitation id="1307D69CFF28FF47FCA65ACDFB92FD00" box="[855,1041,703,727]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[109,151,1632,1653]" captionTargetBox="[107,1211,224,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-11@136.[107,1211,224,1603]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 56. Dorsal and ventral cranial views of Proechimys brevicauda (A, D; AMNH 272700), P. cuvieri (B, E; AMNH 73797), and P. kulinae (C, F; AMNH 272714). All views about ×1.3." pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Figures 56C, 56F</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF28FF47FD3D5A83FC2BFB2E" blockId="139.[684,1213,753,1736]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL (
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF28FF47FC335A83FC56FCDF" box="[962,981,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">N</emphasis>
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= 119): Jenaro Herrera (AMNH 276707, 276708; MUSM 23826, 23828, 23832), Nuevo San Juan (AMNH 272705, 272714; MUSM 11300, 13340, 13348),
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<collectingCountry id="F32B8A89FF28FF47FBBF5B26FB3FFCBB" box="[1102,1212,852,876]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
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(MVZ 198489; UF 30551, 30573, 30578, 30579, 30582, 30583, 30586, 30588, 30592–30595, 30597, 30598, 30600, 30601, 30606, 30607, 30611–30614, 30616–30618, 30621–30624, 30627, 30630–30636, 30638, 30640–30646, 30648–30650, 30652, 30653, 30655, 30662– 30690, 30692–30697, 30699, 30701–30709, 30711, 30712, 30714–30719, 30765, 30766), Santa Cecilia (FMNH 87240), Siete de Julio (UF 30710). Additionally,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADB7E8FF28FF47FC465CECFB38FB61" author="Medina, C. E. & E. Lopez & K. Pino & A. Pari & H. Zeballos" box="[951,1211,1182,1206]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" pagination="199 - 212" refId="ref88771" refString="Medina, C. E., E. Lopez, K. Pino, A. Pari, and H. Zeballos. 2015. Biodiversidad de la zona reservada Sierra del Divisor (Peru): una vision desde los mamiferos pequenos. Revista Peruana de Biologia 22: 199 - 212." type="journal article" year="2015">Medina et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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reported specimens from Quebrada Sábalo that we have not examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF28FF47FD3D5D70FB00FA8B" blockId="139.[684,1213,753,1736]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: Field identifications of this species cannot be accepted as valid without supporting voucher material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF28FF40FD3D5D17FE1EFDB2" blockId="139.[684,1213,753,1736]" lastBlockId="140.[108,637,226,1738]" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
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IDENTIFICATION:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CB19AFF28FF47FC7D5D17FBD8FAAA" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" box="[908,1115,1381,1405]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kulinae">
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF28FF47FC7D5D17FBD8FAAA" box="[908,1115,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Proechimys kulinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a distinctively small species of spiny rat that does not overlap (or only minimally overlaps) other local species in several external and craniodental dimensions, notably including length of the hind foot and length of the maxillary toothrow (table 40). The dorsal pelage is unremarkably brownish, and the ventral pelage is abruptly white from chin to anus. The ventral fur is thin and feels harsh to the touch because it consists mostly of soft spines with only a few wool hairs mixed among them. The hind foot is mostly covered with whitish hairs, but in some specimens (e.g., AMNH 276707, MUSM 23826) it is bicolored, with abruptly darker hairs over the lateral metatarsals. The nine bacula we examined resemble the morphology illustrated by da
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADB7E8FF2FFF40FE8D59F5FDADFE48" author="Silva, M. N. F. da" box="[380,558,391,415]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" pagination="436 - 471" refId="ref91837" refString="Silva, M. N. F. da. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111: 436 - 471." type="journal article" year="1998">Silva et al. (1998</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 6): they are moderately long (
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<quantity id="4CC467FCFF2FFF40FE6259DAFE68FE17" box="[403,491,424,448]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
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on average), slender (
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<quantity id="4CC467FCFF2FFF40FF3A59BBFEA1FE36" box="[203,290,457,481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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in basal width), and lack well-developed distal processes, although our specimens have a somewhat larger basal-width-to-length ratio (mean = 0.30, range = 0.26–0.37) than the six examples they measured.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF2FFF40FF7D5A1CFEFEFAA8" blockId="140.[108,637,226,1738]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Distinctive craniodental features of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CB19AFF2FFF40FDF95A1CFF3AFD70" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kulinae">
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF2FFF40FDF95A1CFF3AFD70" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Proechimys kulinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include parallel-sided, ovate, or weakly lyrate incisive foramina that have complete septa in most of the specimens we examined. The premaxillary portion of the incisive septum is usually short, and the maxillary portion is usually weakly keeled (never strongly keeled as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CB19AFF2FFF40FE5E5B44FDBCFC9A" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[431,575,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF2FFF40FE5E5B44FDBCFC9A" box="[431,575,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">P. brevicauda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); the vomer is usually concealed, but it is exposed in a few specimens. The anterior palate lacks strong relief in some specimens (e.g., AMNH 272707, 272714), but it is distinctly grooved-and-ridged in others (MUSM 11300, MVZ 198489). The floor of the infraorbital foramen is smooth, apparently never with a well-developed canal for the infraorbital nerve. The mesopterygoid fossa penetrates deeply between the third molars and sometimes extends to or between the second molars (mean score for mesopterygoid penetration = 3.5, range = 3–4). A distinctive cranial trait is the usual presence of a long extension of the temporal crest onto the parietal. There are never more than three labial folds on any upper cheektooth, but M3 occasionally has only two labial folds, so the sample formula for our material is 3-3-3-3(2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF2FFF40FF7D5DFAFF5FF91E" blockId="140.[108,637,226,1738]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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Our specimens closely resemble the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CB19AFF2FFF40FEF95DDBFE57FA16" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" box="[264,468,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kulinae">
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF2FFF40FEF95DDBFE57FA16" box="[264,468,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Proechimys kulinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provided by da
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADB7E8FF2FFF40FF9D5DB8FF75FA35" author="Silva, M. N. F. da" box="[108,246,1482,1506]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" pagination="436 - 471" refId="ref91837" refString="Silva, M. N. F. da. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111: 436 - 471." type="journal article" year="1998">Silva (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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, and measurements of our specimens broadly overlap those of her
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<typeStatus id="548774BBFF2FFF40FDF55D9EFDB7F9D3" box="[516,564,1516,1540]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">type</typeStatus>
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series from the Rio Juruá. The results of phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data obtained from two of our specimens (AMNH 272714, MUSM 123828) are likewise consistent with our specimen identifications (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADB7E8FF2FFF40FEBD5EE2FD8EF97E" author="Dalapicolla, J. & J. R. do Prado & L. L. Knowles & A. R. Percequillo" box="[332,525,1680,1705]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refId="ref85891" refString="Dalapicolla, J., J. R. do Prado, L. L. Knowles, and A. R. Percequillo. 2024. Phylogenomics and species delimitation of an abundant and little-studied Amazonian forest spiny rat. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 191: 107992 (15 pp.)." type="book" year="2024">Dalapicolla, 2024</bibRefCitation>
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: appendix E, fig. S5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF2FFF40FD3D5890FC1AFECC" blockId="140.[684,1213,226,713]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">ETHNOBIOLOGY: The Matses have no special name for this species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF2FFF40FD3D5956FC6AFE8A" blockId="140.[684,1213,226,713]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">MATSES NATURAL HISTORY: No interviews were focused on this species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3269992FF2FFF40FD3D5914FCF7FD1E" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B83CA19FF2FFF40FD3D5914FCF7FD1E" blockId="140.[684,1213,226,713]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
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<materialsCitation id="3B54C044FF2FFF40FD3D5914FCD1FDF4" county="Of" location="Jenaro Herrera" municipality="Nuevo" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="San Juan/Laventille">
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REMARKS:
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<specimenCount id="9D3A0190FF2FFF40FCB45914FC63FEA9" box="[837,992,358,382]" count="6" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">Six specimens</specimenCount>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CB19AFF2FFF40FBF95914FD50FE48" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kulinae">
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<emphasis id="B948160BFF2FFF40FBF95914FD50FE48" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Proechimys kulinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are accompanied by habitat data from our region.
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<collectingCounty id="62E2B295FF2FFF40FCF659DAFCA7FE17" box="[775,804,424,448]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Of</collectingCounty>
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these, two were taken in primary upland forest near
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE75063FF2FFF40FC7D59B8FC56FE36" box="[908,981,458,481]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Nuevo</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingRegion id="49F804FBFF2FFF40FC1159BBFBCBFE36" box="[992,1096,457,481]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">San Juan</collectingRegion>
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, and four were taken in primary white-sand forest near
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<location id="8EE39CC2FF2FFF40FD5D5A7EFCD1FDF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03957B0FFF28FF40FD0F5AFFFCF7FD1E:8EE39CC2FF2FFF40FD5D5A7EFCD1FDF4" box="[684,850,524,547]" county="Of" municipality="Nuevo" name="Jenaro Herrera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" stateProvince="San Juan/Laventille">Jenaro Herrera</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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; all were trapped on the ground. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADB7E8FF2FFF40FCA25A5EFC6DFD93" author="Valqui, M. H." box="[851,1006,556,580]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refId="ref92770" refString="Valqui, M. H. 2001. Mammal diversity and ecology of terrestrial small rodents in western Amazonia. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville." type="book" year="2001">Valqui (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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—most of whose voucher specimens (at the UF) were correctly identified—this species “occurs exclusively in primary terra firme forests, where it is the most abundant species.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |